1584 Aigle earthquake

March 2023 Earthquake in Switzerland 1584 Aigle earthquake Switzerland yes 11 March 1584 23:00–23:30 5.9–6.4 w y 46.33 6.97 inline,title Switzerland 8 Yes 320 fatalities Yes The 1584 Aigle earthquake occurred on 11 March at 23:00–23:30 local time in Switzerland. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 5.9–6.4 and maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The shock generated a tsunami in Lake Geneva. It was followed by 25 aftershocks in the following days. An aftershock on 14 March triggered a large rockslide that killed 320 people. Geology The Swiss Plateau which encompasses the cantons of Bern, Valais, Zurich, Vaud and Basel-Stadt lies in one of the most earthquake-prone regions of Switzerland.Rüegg Peter Scientists introduce new seismic risk model for Switzerland https://phys.org/news/2023-03-scientists-seismic-switzerland.html 12 March 2023 Phys.org 7 March 2023 Seismicity in Switzerland is related to the formation of the Alps caused by the collision between the European and African plates.Causes of Earthquakes in Switzerland http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/en/knowledge/things-to-know/causes-of-earthquakes/switzerland/ Swiss Seismological Service 12 March 2023 Earthquake The moment magnitude (w) was estimated at between 5.9 and 6.4.ECOS – Swiss Macroseismic Earthquake Catalogue – query results http://histserver.ethz.ch/fukquery.htm?VonJahr=1501&VonMonat=&VonTag=&BisJahr=1600&BisMonat=&BisTag=&VonMw=2&BisMw=&VonIo=&BisIo=&VonOst=&BisOst=&VonNord=&BisNord=&VonLat=&BisLat=&VonLon=&BisLon=&Distanz=&Ort=&ax=1&zeigeTab=1&zeigeKarte=1&Download=1&Simplequery=1&Sprache=d Swiss Seismological Service 12 March 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20120216050132/http://histserver.ethz.ch/fukquery.htm?VonJahr=1501&VonMonat=&VonTag=&BisJahr=1600&BisMonat=&BisTag=&VonMw=2&BisMw=&VonIo=&BisIo=&VonOst=&BisOst=&VonNord=&BisNord=&VonLat=&BisLat=&VonLon=&BisLon=&Distanz=&Ort=&ax=1&zeigeTab=1&zeigeKarte=1&Download=1&Simplequery=1&Sprache=d 16 February 2012 Aftershocks occurred on 11, 12, 13, and 14 March. The strong aftershock on 14 March had an estimated w of 5.4. Damage and casualties Damage was mostly documented in localities along the northeastern shore of Lake Geneva and spanned the areas of Vevey, Villeneuve, Aigle, and Montreux. Damage occurred in towns, castles, hamlets, villages and cottages. Most building damage consisted cracked walls and toppled chimneys. A clergy house and church collapsed.National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/779 Global Significant Earthquake Database 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 12 March 2023 10.7289/V5TD9V7K National Geophysical Data Center The Chillon Castle's interior walls were extensively cracked, towers split and outer retaining walls at the waterside toppled. Damage to the castle required immediate repairs. The roof of a tower, battlements and portions of its façade were repaired. In villages near the castle, several old buildings collapsed.Fritsche Stefan Fäh Donat Schwarz-Zanetti Gabriela Historical intensity VIII earthquakes along the Rhone valley (Valais, Switzerland): primary and secondary effects Swiss Journal of Geosciences 2012 105 1–18 10.1007/s00015-012-0095-3 20.500.11850/61304 129867266 free The vault in the Church of Glion near Montreux collapsed and killed one and injuring wounding several. This description documented the only shaking-related casualties in the earthquake. Buildings also collapsed in Lausanne, Geneva, Saanen, Rougemont and Les Ormonts. In Aigle, close to the epicenter, 50–60 chimneys were destroyed but no major damage occurred. About 10 km to the south in Bex, the spiral staircase in an asylum was unsuitable for use. In Canton Valais, a rockfall seriously damaged the Church of Saint Maurice. At least 320 people and hundreds of livestock died on 14 March during a rockfall triggered on Tour d'Aï. An aftershock is thought to have triggered the rockfall. It nearly completely buried the villages of Corbeyrier and Yvorne. At least 69 homes were destroyed, 126 barns and 5 mills. The landslide had initially been triggered by the mainshock from the mountain and came to a rest on the plateau. It was reactivated by the aftershock. Tsunami A tsunami and seiche occurred in the eastern portion of Lake Geneva. Waves damaged vineyards at the lakeshore. Parts of Villeneuve, Lausanne and Geneva near the lakeshore were flooded. The Rhône River was drained. Historical documentation described "stormy waters" and difference between highest and lowest water level at "more than five feet".Ilsoe Bo Swiss tsunamis https://ilsoe.medium.com/swiss-tsunamis-a670c0334500 12 March 2023 Medium 31 May 2020 The tsunami may have been the result of an underwater slump at the Rhone River delta. About 3,000–7,000 m2 of vineyard was lost near Montreux. The slump had estimated dimensions of 2,500 m long × 900 m wide × 15 m thick (30,000,000 m3).Schwarz-Zanetti Gabriela Fäh Donat Sylvain Gache Philipp Kästli Jeanluc Loizeau Virgilio Masciadri Gregor Zenhäusern Two large earthquakes in western Switzerland in the sixteenth century: 1524 in Ardon (VS) and 1584 in Aigle (VD) Journal of Seismology 2018 22 2 439–454 10.1007/s10950-017-9715-8 2018JSeis..22..439S 20.500.11850/228325 133623360 free See also List of earthquakes in Switzerland References Category:Earthquakes in Switzerland Category:1584 in Europe Category:Lake Geneva Category:Vaud Category:Floods in Europe Category:16th-century floods Category:1580s earthquakes