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.es
Reference material by Wikipedia contributors. This retains its source identity and is not 411 news reporting.
Top-level Internet domain for Spain
the ccTLD of Estonia (Eesti) .ee
December 2022
.es Dominios.es Logo.svg 1988 4 14 y Country code top-level domain Active Red.es Red.es 2,134,104 2025-07-31 Estadísticas del dominio ".es" julio de 2025 https://www.dominios.es/sites/dominios/files/2025-08/est_jul_25_es_0.pdf live https://web.archive.org/web/20250825195413/https://www.dominios.es/sites/dominios/files/2025-08/est_jul_25_es_0.pdf 2025-08-25 2025-08-25 Dominios.es Entities connected with Spain Very popular in Spain. Also, used for domain hacks in multiple languages. None for second-level registrations after 2005 phase-in of open registration; there are restrictions on some of the specific subdomains Registrations are taken directly at the second level or at the third level beneath various second-level subdomains Spanish domain-related legislation Extrajuridical conflict resolution system for ".es" domain names dominios.es
.es is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Spain administered by the Network Information Centre of Spain.
Server
The .es domain does not have a conventional WHOIS server operating on port 43, but WHOIS queries can be made using a page on ESNIC's website.
Registration
Registrations are permitted at the second level or at the third level beneath various generic second level categories.
Some qualifications and restrictions apply to third-level registrations depending on which second-level domain they are within.
Second-level registrations have had some limitations including requiring registrants to have a connection with Spain, but these restrictions were lifted in a multi-stage process completed by the end of 2005, at which point registrations at the second level of .es were open to anybody worldwide.April 2019
Until the liberalization in November 2005, registering in .es was expensive and encumbered compared to other ccTLDs.
The second-level word had to be either a trade mark valid in Spain, the exact name of the registering business or association, or the first name and at least the first surname of the registering individual.
Common words and placenames were unregisterable.
There was also a requirement of a minimum of three characters in the name, though some exceptions like hp.es (Hewlett-Packard Spain) and pp.es (People's Party) were allowed.
Second-level domains
There are a number of second-level domains:
DomainStatusIntended users.com.esOpenCommercial entities.nom.esPersonal entitles.org.esNoncommercial organizations.gob.esRestrictedGovernment.edu.esEducational institutions
Alternatives
As an alternative, many Spanish organizations registered under .com, .org or .net. While being generic top-level domains, organisations may also use one or more other regional variants below:Navegar en català https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticia/4191122/20140516/navegar-catala.html 2025-02-20 VilaWeb ca
+DomainRegionRelated languageRelated culture.catCataloniaCatalanCatalan culture.bcnBarcelona.eusBasque CountryBasqueBasque culture.galGaliciaGalicianGalician culture
Domain hacks
Although very popular in Spain for its intended use, .es has been used for domain hacks such as geociti.es, a website mirroring GeoCities; adspac.es, a mobile-based advertising firm; thelettervsixtim.es, for the game VVVVVV; and iTun.es for iTunes Ping URL shortening.
References
External links
IANA .es whois information
ESNIC website https://web.archive.org/web/20161013193508/http://www.dominios.es/dominios/en 2016-10-13
Category:Country code top-level domains
Category:Internet in Spain
Category:Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries members
Category:Internet properties established in 1988