1910 Tour de France

April 2020 May 2019 1910 Tour de France Route of the 1910 Tour de France.png Route of the 1910 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris Map of France with the route of the 1910 Tour de France on it, showing that the race started in Paris, went clockwise through France and ended in Paris after fourteen stages. 360px 3–31 July 1910 15 4734 km 63 points Octave Lapize FRA François Faber LUX Gustave Garrigou FRA 1909 1911 The 1910 Tour de France was the eighth edition of the Tour de France, taking place 3 to 31 July. It consisted of 15 stages over 4734 km mi, ridden at an average speed of 28.680 km/h.Augendre 2016 108 It was the first Tour to enter the Pyrenees mountains. Two main candidates for the victory were 1909 winner François Faber, a sprinter, and Octave Lapize, a climber, both members of the powerful Alcyon team. Because of the points system, their chances for the overall victory were approximately equal. The race was not decided until the final stage, after which Lapize had won by a difference of only four points. Innovations and changes The courses of the Tour de France in 1907, 1908 and 1909 had been nearly identical. In 1910, the Pyrenees were included, an initiative from Adolphe Steinès, who had drawn the course for the Tour de France since the first Tour in 1903.Amels 1984 15–16 Compared to the 1907, 1908 and 1909 Tours, the stages Nîmes-Toulouse and Toulouse-Bayonne were replaced by three stages, Nîmes–Perpignan, Perpignan–Luchon and Luchon–Bayonne. Tour organiser Henri Desgrange at first refused the inclusion of the Pyrenees,McGann McGann 2006 640–646 but later gave in and sent Steinès to the Pyrenees to see if it was possible to send cyclists up the mountains. Steinès encountered many difficulties. He went there at 27 January 1910, and asked an innkeeper for directions over the Tourmalet. The innkeeper replied that it is barely crossable in July, so practically impossible in January. Steinès hired a car anyway and rode up the mountain. Close to the top, there was so much snow that the car could not go further, and he continued on foot. Steinès walked during the night, and fell down a ravine.McGann McGann 2006 640–646 At 3 a.m. he was found by a search party. He quickly got some food and a hot bath.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/Feb06/top25-10.htm Top 25 All Time Tours: 1910: "Assassins..." Cycling revealed February 2006 15 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090422003553/http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/Feb06/top25-10.htm 22 April 2009 live The next morning, he sent a positive telegram to Desgrange: "Have crossed the Tourmalet on foot STOP Road passable to vehicles STOP No snow STOP".http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1910.php Tom James 14 August 2003 15 April 2009 1910: The "Assassins" send the race to the Pyrenees https://web.archive.org/web/20190423012153/http://veloarchive.com/races/tour/1910.php 23 April 2019 live When it was announced that the Pyrenees were included in the race, 136 cyclists had entered the race. After the news, 26 cyclists removed themselves from the starting list.http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden\tourlegendes\De-angst-voor-de-Pyreneeën-739.html nl De angst voor de Pyreneeën Tourdefrance.nl 9 August 2010 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20121018022805/http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden%5Ctourlegendes%5CDe-angst-voor-de-Pyrenee%C3%ABn-739.html 18 October 2012 Other newspapers reacted to the Tour's route as "dangerous" and "bizarre". Also new in 1910 was the broom wagon, to pick up the cyclists that abandoned during the race. This was a reaction of the Tour organisers to the criticism of the cyclists, many cycling independently with no team support,Cossins Best Sidwells Griffith 2013 48–49 on the difficult mountains.McGann McGann 2006 640–646 It was designed to prevent riders from cheating, by using other forms of transport.Cossins Best Sidwells Griffith 2013 48–49 In the tenth stage, over the four mountains in the Pyrenees, cyclists were allowed to finish the stage in the broom wagon and still start the next stage.McGann McGann 2006 640–646Cossins Best Sidwells Griffith 2013 48–49 Technically, a new addition were gears. Lucien Petit-Breton, Maurice Brocco, Henri Cornet, Charles Pavese and Jean Alavoine rode with gears. What had not changed was the points system. A cyclist received points, based on their rankings. As in 1909, the points system was "cleaned up" two times: after the 9th stage and after the 14th stage. Cyclists who had abandoned the race were removed from the rankings of the previous stages, and the classification was recalculated. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1910 Tour de France Although cyclist were in 1909 able to register for the Tour with a sponsor, they were still considered to be riding as individuals; in 1910 they competed for the first time in teams.Thompson 2006 36 The cyclists were not so enthusiastic about the inclusion of the Pyrenées, and there were fewer participants: 110 instead of 150 in 1909.Amels 1984 15–16 There were three teams with 10 cyclists each,The history of the Tour de France – Year 1910 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1910/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 including all the favourites for the overall victory: Alcyon, Le Globe and Legnano. The French team "La Française" decided not to join, but allowed their cyclists to ride for the Italian Legnano team.http://www.historischekranten.be/issue/DPO/1910-06-26/edition/null/page/6?query=%22ronde%20van%20frankrijk%22&period=1903-1939&sort=issuedate%20ascending De Ronde van Frankrijk – 5000 km, 25.000 fr prijzen nl 26 June 1910 20 May 2014 De Poperinghenaar The other 80 cyclists rode as individuals, this was called the "isolés" category. Race overview 1910 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 8 1910 Tour de France, Stage 9 to Stage 15 thumb|upright|Octave Lapize after winning the Tour at the Parc des Princes in Paris The first stage, from Paris to Roubaix, was won by Charles Crupelandt. In the second stage, François Faber showed his strengths, and won the stage, and took the lead.Amels 1984 15–16 On the rest day between the sixth and seventh stage in Nice, cyclist Adolphe Hélière died whilst swimming. He was the first victim of the Tour de France. In the ninth stage, four mountains were climbed, and Desgrange saw how much trouble the cyclists had on these mountains. The tenth stage would include the Pyrenees mountains, so Desgrange left the race and made Victor Breyer the director of the stage.http://www.letour.fr/2010/TDF/COURSE/us/les_pyrenees.html The Tour and the Pyrenees: a love affair embarked upon one hundred years ago. Amaury Sport Organisation 9 February 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100125130825/http://www.letour.fr/2010/TDF/COURSE/us/les_pyrenees.html 25 January 2010 dead In that tenth stage, the Tourmalet was climbed, the highest point of the 1910 Tour de France. Octave Lapize reached the top first, followed by Gustave Garrigou. Garrigou was the only cyclist who reached the top without dismounting, and received an extra prize of 100 francs for that. The next climb was the Aubisque. Lapize struggled there, and regional rider François Lafourcade lead the race. The organisers had a car standing in top, and when Lafourcade passed them, they did not recognize him, and when they found out it was Lafourcade, they were surprised that such an unknown rider had been able to pass all the 'cracks'.Mulholland 2003 When Lapize passed the organiser's car (15 minutes later),Cossins Best Sidwells Griffith 2013 48–49 he screamed "Assassins!",http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1910/histoire.html ASO 15 April 2009 1910 – 8th Tour de France https://archive.today/20090504194638/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/1910/us/annee.html?RaceYear=1910&x=58&y=10 4 May 2009 dead and announced that he would give up during the descent.Mulholland 2003 Downhill, he refound his strength and was able to catch up to Lafourcade, and even win the stage. By the end of the stage, ten riders had officially completed the stage on bike.Cossins Best Sidwells Griffith 2013 48–49 After the 12th stage, Faber was leading the race by only one point.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1910_12.php Mémoire du cyclisme 8ème Tour de France 1910, 12èm étape fr 9 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090503112734/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1910_12.php 3 May 2009 dead In that stage to Brest, Faber punctured,Amels 1984 15–16 and Lapize took over the lead, helped by Garrigou.Amels 1984 15–16 In the 14th stage, Faber sped away almost from the start in what could be his last chance to win the Tour de France. It seemed that he had a chance, until a flat tyre caused him to lose time, and Lapize could get back to him, again aided by Garrigou.Amels 1984 15–16 Lapize improved his lead by winning the stage, and had a six-point margin before the last stage. In that last stage, it was Lapize who suffered from a flat tyre, shortly after the start.Amels 1984 15–16 Faber raced away, but could not pull off the stunt: he had a flat tyre.Amels 1984 15–16 He still finished ahead of Lapize, but won back only two points, so the 1910 Tour de France was won by Lapize. Results The Alcyon team was dominant in the 1910 Tour de France, winning 9 out of 15 stages. Stage results + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1910.php Mémoire du cyclisme 8ème Tour de France 1910 fr 9 April 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090502200806/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1910.php 2 May 2009 dead Augendre 2016 12http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1910 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live 15 April 2009 The history of the Tour de France – Year 1910 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1910/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402233100/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1910/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeIn 1910, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate which stages included mountains. Winner Race leader 1 3 July Paris to Roubaix 269 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Charles Crupelandt FRA Charles Crupelandt FRA 2 5 July Roubaix to Metz 398 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage François Faber LUX François Faber LUX 3 7 July Metz to Belfort 259 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Emile Georget FRA François Faber LUX 4 9 July Belfort to Lyon 309 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) François Faber LUX François Faber LUX 5 11 July Lyon to Grenoble 311 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Octave Lapize FRA François Faber LUX 6 13 July Grenoble to Nice 345 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Julien Maitron FRA François Faber LUX 7 15 July Nice to Nîmes 345 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage François Faber LUX François Faber LUX 8 17 July Nîmes to Perpignan 216 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Georges Paulmier FRA François Faber LUX 9 19 July Perpignan to Luchon 289 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Octave Lapize FRA François Faber LUX 10 21 July Luchon to Bayonne 326 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Octave Lapize FRA François Faber LUX 11 23 July Bayonne to Bordeaux 269 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Ernest Paul FRA François Faber LUX 12 25 July Bordeaux to Nantes 391 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Louis Trousselier FRA François Faber LUX 13 27 July Nantes to Brest 321 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gustave Garrigou FRA Octave Lapize FRA 14 29 July Brest to Caen 424 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Octave Lapize FRA Octave Lapize FRA 15 31 July Caen to Paris 262 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Ernesto Azzini ITA 1861 Octave Lapize FRA Total 4734 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 General classification thumb|right|Octave Lapize, the winner of the 1910 Tour de France, climbing the Tourmalet on foot.|alt=A man walking uphill, alongside his bicycle, followed by a car. Of the 110 starting cyclists, 41 finished. The winner, Octave Lapize, received 5000 francs for his victory. In total, he earned 7525 francs during the race; the average daily wages were around 5 to 7 francs.Thompson 2006 152 + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1910 – Stage 15 Caen > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1910/1500/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402214400/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1910/1500/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Points 1 Octave Lapize FRA Alcyon 63 2 François Faber LUX Alcyon 67 3 Gustave Garrigou FRA Alcyon 86 4 Cyrille van Hauwaert BEL Alcyon 97 5 Charles Cruchon FRA – 119 6 Charles Crupelandt FRA Le Globe 148 7 Ernest Paul FRA – 154 8 André Blaise BEL Alcyon 166 9 Julien Maitron FRA Le Globe 171 10 Aldo Bettini ITA 1861 Alcyon 175 Final general classification (11–41) Rank Rider Sponsor Points 11 Pierre Albini ITA 1861 Legnano 176 12 Georges Paulmier FRA Le Globe 182 13 Ernesto Azzini ITA 1861 Legnano 194 14 François Lafourcade FRA Legnano 205 15 Henri Cornet FRA Le Globe 215 16 Jules Deloffre FRA Le Globe 216 17 Constant Ménager FRA Legnano 219 18 Luigi Azzini ITA 1861 Legnano 220 19 Augustin Ringeval FRA – 243 20 Frédéric Saillot FRA Le Globe 257 21 Maurice Pardon FRA – 316 22 Joseph Leblanc FRA – 346 23 Georges Fleury FRA – 357 24 Joseph Habierre FRA – 381 25 François Riou FRA – 398 26 Auguste Guyon SUI – 402 27 Jean Bouillet FRA – 406 28 Lucien Pothier FRA – 410 29 Maurice Decaup FRA Legnano 428 30 Lucien Leman FRA – 433 31 Gabriel Mathonat FRA – 443 32 Robert Chopard SUI – 447 33 Pietro Ghislotti ITA 1861 – 592 34 Lucien Rocquebert FRA – 502 35 Georges Cauvry FRA – 510 36 Camille Bière FRA – 519 37 Auguste Dufour FRA – 525 38 Louis Jouin FRA – 532 39 René Chaudé FRA – 549 40 Louis Picard FRA – 568 41 Constant Collet FRA – 580 Other classifications Fifth-placed Charles Cruchon became the winner of the "isolés" category.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1910/histoire.html l'Historique du Tour – Année 1910 fr Amaury Sport Organisation 4 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100716170725/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1910/histoire.html 16 July 2010 dead The organising newspaper l'Auto named Octave Lapize the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the mountains classification.Cleijne 2014 156 Aftermath One week after the finish of the 1910 Tour, the Tour de France des Indépendants started. It ran from 7 August to 14 September, over 14 stages, and was organized by Peugeot and Wolber. It was not related to the main Tour de France, but participants from this race for independent riders have been confused for participants of the 1910 Tour de France.https://www.desportwereld.nl/de-tour-van-corneille-marijnissen/ De Tour van Corneille Marijnissen Dutch The Tour of Corneille Marijnissen De Sportwereld Coen Marijnissen 91 2019 Notes References 30em Bibliography Amels Wim De geschiedenis van de Tour de France 1903–1984 Valkenswaard, Netherlands Sport-Express 1984 nl 978-90-70763-05-3 Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 PDF Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Cleijne Jan Legends of the Tour https://books.google.com/books?id=3nCNAwAAQBAJ 2014 London Head of Zeus 978-1-78185-998-8 Cossins Peter Best Isabel Sidwells Chris Griffith Clare Le Tour 100: The Definitive History of the World's Greatest Race https://books.google.com/books?id=-eRYAQAAQBAJ 2013 Hachette UK London 978-1-84403-759-9 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Mulholland Owen Cycling's Great Climbers https://books.google.com/books?id=cTTtPAAACAAJ Boulder, CO VeloPress 2003 978-1-931382-12-0 Thompson Christopher S. The Tour de France: A Cultural History https://books.google.com/books?id=M-vUF6Y_4RUC University of California Press Oakland, CA 2006 978-0-520-24760-4 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 38–39 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1910 Tour de France 1 8 9 15 Tour de France Category:Tour de France by year Tour de France Tour de France