1866–67 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1866–67 United States Senate elections United States 1865 legislative no 1864–65 United States Senate elections 1864 & 1865 1868–69 United States Senate elections 1868 & 1869 Class 3 1860–61 United States Senate elections 1860 & 1861 1872–73 United States Senate elections 1872 & 1873 25 of the 66 (6 vacant)/72 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) 34 Dates vary by state(and other dates for special elections) x180px Seats up Republican Party (US) Henry B. Anthony as Republican Conference Chair Henry B. Anthony - Brady-Handy.jpg March 4, 1863 Rhode Island 33 seats 37 15 39 2 13 Democratic Party (US) Blank2x3.svg 9 seats 10 2 10 2 National Union Party (United States) 2 seats 3 0 2 1 1 Unconditional Union Party 4 seats 2 0 1 1 1 Majority party Republican Party (US) Republican Party (US) File:1866senatemap.svg Results of the elections:#0671B0 Democratic gain #92C5DE Democratic hold#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#000000ff Legislature failed to elect#318547ff Unreconstructed states 380px The 1866–67 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1866 and 1867, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3. The Republican Party gained two seats, as several states in the region of the Southern United States were readmitted during Reconstruction, enlarging their majority. Results summary Senate party division, 40th Congress (1867–1869) Majority party: Republican (57) Minority party: Democratic (9) Other parties: (0) Vacant: (6) Total seats: 72 Change in Senate composition Before the elections After August 31, 1866, appointment in New Hampshire. V6Seceded V5Seceded V4Seceded V3Seceded V2 V1 V7Seceded V8Seceded V9Seceded V10Seceded D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 R37Retired UU1 UU2Unknown U1 U2 U3Ran D10Retired D9Ran D8 D7 R36Retired R35Retired R34Unknown R33Ran R32Ran R31Ran R30Ran R29Ran R28Ran R27Ran Majority → R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25Ran R26Ran R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 V14 V13 V12 V11 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 As a result of the elections V6Seceded V5Seceded V4Seceded V3Seceded V2 V1 V7Seceded V8Seceded V9Seceded V10Seceded D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 R37Hold R38Gain R39Gain UU1 U1 U2 D10Gain D9Gain D8 D7 R36Hold R35Hold R34Hold R33Hold R32Hold R31Hold R30Hold R29Re-elected R28Re-elected R27Re-elected Majority → R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25Re-elected R26Re-elected R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 V14 V13 V12 V11 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 Beginning of the next Congress V7 V6 V5 V4 V3 V2 V1 V8 V9 V10 V11Not seated D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 R38 R39 R40Changed R41Changed R42New seat R43New seat R44Gain R45Gain D8Changed D7 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 Majority → R27 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 V14 V13 V12 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 V21 Key: D# Democratic R# Republican UU# Unconditional Unionist U# Unionist V# Vacant Race summaries Special elections during the 39th Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1866 or in 1867 before March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Maine(Class 2) Nathan A. Farwell Republican 1864 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 11, 1865 to finish the term.Winner did not run for re-election to the next term; see below. Republican Party (US) Nathan A. Farwell (Republican) February 2020 Iowa(Class 3) James Harlan Republican 18551857 (voided)1857 (special)1860 Incumbent resigned May 15, 1865, to become U.S. Secretary of the Interior.New senator elected January 13, 1866.Republican hold.Winner did not run for re-election to the next term; see below. Republican Party (US) Samuel J. Kirkwood (Republican) February 2020 Tennessee(Class 1) Vacant since March 4, 1862, when Andrew Johnson (D)resigned to become Military Governor of Tennessee. State re-admitted to the Union.New senator elected July 24, 1866.Democratic gain. Democratic Party (US) David T. Patterson (Democratic) February 2020 Tennessee(Class 2) Vacant since March 3, 1861, when Alfred O. P. Nicholson (D)withdrew in anticipation of secession. State re-admitted to the Union.New senator elected July 24, 1866.Unionist gain. Unionist Party (US) Joseph S. Fowler (Unionist) February 2020 New Jersey(Class 2) John P. Stockton Democratic 1864 Incumbent's election disputed and seat declared vacant.New senator elected September 19, 1866.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Alexander G. Cattell (Republican) 44 against - none Vermont(Class 1) George F. Edmunds Republican 1866 (appointed) Interim appointee elected October 24, 1866 to finish the term. Byrd and Wolff 176 Republican Party (US) George F. Edmunds (Republican) February 2020 Vermont(Class 3) Luke P. Poland Republican 1865 (appointed) Interim appointee elected October 24, 1866 to finish the term. Byrd and Wolff 176Winner lost re-election to the next term; see below. Republican Party (US) Luke P. Poland (Republican) February 2020 Kansas(Class 2) Edmund G. Ross Republican 1866 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 23, 1867 to finish the term. Byrd and Wolff 108 Republican Party (US) Edmund G. Ross (Republican) February 2020 New Jersey(Class 1) Frederick T. Frelinghuysen Republican 1866 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 23, 1867 to finish the term. Byrd and Wolff 142 Republican Party (US) Frederick T. Frelinghuysen (Republican) February 2020 Nebraska(Class 1) None (new state) Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867.Senator elected March 1, 1867.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Thomas Tipton (Republican) February 2020 Nebraska(Class 2) Nebraska admitted to the Union March 1, 1867.Senator elected March 1, 1867.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) John M. Thayer (Republican) February 2020 Races leading to the 40th Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1867; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama Vacant since January 21, 1861,when Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D) withdrew. Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.Seat remained vacant until 1868. None. Arkansas Vacant since July 11, 1861,when Charles B. Mitchel (D) was expelled. Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.Seat remained vacant until 1868. None. California James A. McDougall Democratic 1860 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1866 or 1867.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Cornelius Cole (Republican) February 2020 Connecticut Lafayette S. Foster Republican 1860 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1866.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Orris S. Ferry (Republican) Republican Party (US)Lafayette S. Foster (Republican) February 2020 Florida Vacant since January 21, 1861,when David Levy Yulee (D) withdrew. Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.Seat remained vacant until 1868. None. Georgia Vacant since January 28, 1861,when Alfred Iverson Sr. (D) withdrew. New senator elected in 1867.Senate refused to seat the winner.Seat remained vacant until 1871 when Georgia was readmitted. Republican Party (US) Joshua Hill (Republican) February 2020 Illinois Lyman Trumbull Republican 18551861 Incumbent re-elected in 1867. Republican Party (US) Lyman Trumbull (Republican) February 2020 Iowa Samuel J. Kirkwood Republican 1865 (special) Incumbent lost nomination.New senator elected January 13, 1866. Clark 141Republican hold. Republican Party (US) James Harlan (Republican) 118 votes Democratic Party (US)Henry Hoffman Trimble (Democratic) 20 votes Indiana Henry S. Lane Republican 1860 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1867.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Oliver P. Morton (Republican) February 2020 Kansas Samuel C. Pomeroy Republican 1861 Incumbent re-elected in 1867. Republican Party (US) Samuel C. Pomeroy (Republican) February 2020 Kentucky Garrett Davis Unionist 1861 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 30, 1867, as a Democrat.Democratic gain. Democratic Party (US) Garrett Davis (Democratic) 78 Unconditional Union Party Benjamin Bristow (Unconditional Union) 41 Democratic Party (US) Lazarus Powell (Democratic) 2 Democratic Party (US) John C. Breckinridge (Democratic) 1 Democratic Party (US) Jesse D. Bright (Democratic) 1 Democratic Party (US) William O. Butler (Democratic) 1 Democratic Party (US) James Fisher Robinson (Democratic) 1 Louisiana Vacant since February 4, 1861,when John Slidell (D) resigned. Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.Seat remained vacant until 1868. None. Maryland John Creswell UnconditionalUnionist 1865 (special) Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1866 or in 1867.Senate refused to seat him, as he had "given aid and comfort" to the Confederate cause.Seat remained vacant until 1868.Unconditional Unionist loss. Democratic Party (US) Philip Francis Thomas (Democratic) February 2020 Missouri B. Gratz Brown Republican 1863 (special) Incumbent retired due to ill health.New senator elected in 1866 or 1867.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Charles D. Drake (Republican) February 2020 Nevada James W. Nye Republican 1865 Incumbent re-elected in 1867. Republican Party (US) James W. Nye (Republican) February 2020 New Hampshire George G. Fogg Republican 1866 (appointed) Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1866 or 1867.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) James W. Patterson (Republican) February 2020 New York Ira Harris Republican 1861 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected January 15, 1867.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Roscoe Conkling (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Henry C. Murphy (Democratic) Democratic Party (US)George F. Comstock (Democratic) North Carolina Vacant since March 11, 1861,when Thomas Clingman (D) resigned. Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.Seat remained vacant until 1868. None. Ohio John Sherman Republican 1861 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1866. Republican Party (US) John Sherman (Republican) February 2020 Oregon James Nesmith Democratic 1860 or 1861 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1866 or 1867.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Henry W. Corbett (Republican) February 2020 Pennsylvania Edgar Cowan Republican 1861 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 15, 1867.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Simon Cameron (Republican) 61.65% Republican Party (US)Edgar Cowan (Republican) 36.84% South Carolina Vacant since November 11, 1860,when James Henry Hammond (D) withdrew. Legislature failed to elect during Civil War and Reconstruction.Seat remained vacant until 1868. None. Vermont Luke P. Poland Republican 1865 (appointed)1866 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1866.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Justin S. Morrill (Republican) Republican Party (US)Luke P. Poland (Republican) February 2020 Wisconsin Timothy O. Howe Republican 1861 Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1867. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89069539500 Journal of the Assembly of Wisconsin 1867 Atwood & Burlee, State Printers Madison, Wisconsin 100–101 March 8, 2025 HathiTrust Republican Party (US) Timothy O. Howe (Republican) 74.22% Democratic Party (US)Charles A. Eldredge (Democratic) 24.22% Democratic Party (US)Edward S. Bragg (Democratic) 0.78% Democratic Party (US)Joshua J. Guppey (Democratic) 0.78% Elections during the 40th Congress State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Tennessee David T. Patterson Democratic 1866 (readmission) Incumbent retired.Winner elected early on October 22, 1867, for the term beginning March 4, 1869.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) William G. Brownlow (Republican) 63 Republican Party (US)William B. Stokes (Republican) 39https://books.google.com/books?id=egskEhcF5gkC&q=brownlow+fighting+parson+of+the+southern+highlands&pg=PA347 William G. Brownlow: Fighting Parson of the Southern Highlands E. Merton Coulter 1999 347 Univ. of Tennessee Press 9781572330504 New York 1867 United States Senate election in New York List of United States senators from New York The New York election was held on January 15, 1867, by the New York State Legislature. Republican Ira Harris had been elected in February 1861 to this seat, and his term would expire on March 3, 1867. At the state election in November 1865, 27 Republicans and 5 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1866–1867) in the State Senate. At the state election in November 1866, 82 Republicans and 46 Democrats were elected for the session of 1867 to the Assembly. The 90th State Legislature met from January 1 to April 20, 1867, at Albany, New York. The caucus of Republican State legislators met on January 10, State Senator Charles J. Folger presided. State Senator Thomas Parsons (28th D.) was absent, but had his vote cast by proxy. They nominated Congressman Roscoe Conkling for the U.S. Senate. The incumbent Senator Ira Harris was voted down. Candidate Informalballot Firstballot Secondballot Thirdballot Fourthballot Fifthballot Roscoe Conkling 33 39 45 53 59 Noah Davis 30 41 44 50 49 Ira Harris 32 24 18 6 Ransom BalcomRansom Balcom (1818-1879), of Binghamton, justice of the New York Supreme Court (6th D.) 1856-77 7 4 2 wd Horace Greeley 6 wd Charles J. Folger 1 1 1 Notes: On the fourth ballot, 110 votes were cast, one too many, and it was annulled. "wd" = name withdrawn The caucus of the Democratic State legislators met also on January 10. State Senator Henry C. Murphy was nominated on the first ballot with 25 votes against 21 for Ex-D.A. of New York A. Oakey Hall. Roscoe Conkling was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. +1867 United States Senator election result House Republican Democratic Democratic State Senate(32 members) Roscoe Conkling 24 Henry C. Murphy 2 George F. Comstock 1 State Assembly(128 members) Roscoe Conkling 78 Henry C. Murphy 42 Notes: The vote for Ex-Chief Judge Comstock was cast by Henry C. Murphy. The votes were cast on January 15, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 16 to compare nominations, and declare the result. Conkling was re-elected in 1873 and 1879, and remained in office until May 17, 1881, when he resigned in protest against the distribution of federal patronage in New York by President James A. Garfield without being consulted. The crisis between the Stalwart and the Half-Breed factions of the Republican party arose when the leader of the New Yorker Half-Breeds William H. Robertson was appointed Collector of the Port of New York, a position Conkling wanted to give to one of his Stalwart friends. Pennsylvania 1867 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania election was held on January 15, 1867. Simon Cameron was elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly,U.S. Senate Election - 15 January 1867 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1867.pdf Wilkes University December 22, 2013 having defeated Governor Andrew G. Curtin for the nomination of the Republican legislative caucus. Incumbent Republican Edgar Cowan, who was elected in 1861, was a candidate for re-election to another term, but was defeated by former Democratic Senator and former United States Secretary of War Simon Cameron, who had previously switched to the Republican Party.CAMERON, Simon, (1799 - 1889) http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=c000068 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress December 22, 2013 The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 15, 1867, to elect a Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1867. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows: State Legislature Results Republican Party (US) Simon Cameron 82 61.65 Republican Party (US) Edgar Cowan (Inc.) 49 36.84 N/A Not voting 2 1.50 |- |-bgcolor = "#EEEEEE" | colspan = "3" align= "right" | Totals | align = "right" | 133 | align = "right" | 100.00% See also 1866 United States elections 1866–67 United States House of Representatives elections 39th United States Congress 40th United States Congress References https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 volume 4 Bicentennial Robert C. Byrd Robert Byrd Wendy Wolff U.S. Government Printing Office October 1, 1993 9780160632563 Byrd and Wolff Dan Elbert Clark https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 1912 Clark Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov The New York Civil List compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough, Stephen C. Hutchins and Edgar Albert Werner, 1867 (see pg. 568 for U. S. Senators; pg. 444 for State Senators 1867; pg. 505f for Members of Assembly 1867) Members of the 40th United States Congress Result state election 1865 in The Tribune Almanac for 1866 compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune Result state election 1866 in The Tribune Almanac for 1867 compiled by Horace Greeley of the New York Tribune ...THE REPUBLICAN CAUCUS; Hon. Roscoe Conkling, of Oneida County, Nominated for United States Senator; ...DEMOCRATIC CAUCUS; Hon. Henry C. Murphy, of Kings County, Nominated for United States Senator in NYT on January 11, 1867 Journal of the New York State Assembly (1867; pages 98f and 103) Journal of the New York State Senate (1867; pages 58f and 62) Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project