1531 Lisbon earthquake

Earthquake in Portugal 1531 Lisbon earthquake yes Portugal 26 January 1531 26 January 1531 04:00 to 05:00 6.4–7.1 Mw (est.) Issues in Urban Earthquake Risk Tucker, B.E. Erdik, Mustafa Özder Mustafa Erdik Hwang, Christina N. 1994 Springer 978-0792329145 266 https://books.google.com/books?id=S-HeHNzaYWYC&pg=PA266 Kingdom of Portugal 39 N 8 W scale:5000000 inline, title 10 30,000 deaths The 1531 Lisbon earthquake occurred in the Kingdom of Portugal on the morning of 26 January 1531, between 4 and 5 o'clock. The 1531 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami Miranda, J. Batlló, J. Ferreira, H. Matias, L.M. Baptista, M.A. amp 15 Wcee 2012 http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_0685.pdf The earthquake and subsequent tsunami resulted in approximately 30,000 deaths. Bharatdwaj, K. Physical Geography: Introduction To Earth 2006 Discovery Publishing House 9788183561631 275 https://books.google.com/books?id=dC7qhGQpBYkC&pg=PA275An Environmental History of Medieval Europe Hoffman Richard 9780521876964 Cambridge University Press 2014 309 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhYmAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA309 Despite its severity, the disaster was not widely documented until the rediscovery of contemporary records in the early 20th century. Event The earthquake is believed to have been caused by the Lower Tagus Fault Zonehttp://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/88/2/319.abstract The 1531 Lisbon earthquake Justo, J. L. Salwa, C. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Seismological Society of America 1998 88 2 319 10.1785/BSSA0880020319 1998BuSSA..88..319J 130382355 subscription and was preceded by a pair of foreshocks on 2 January and 7 January. Damage to the city, especially the downtown area, was severe: approximately one-third of the structures in the city were destroyed and 1,000 people died in the initial shock. Contemporary reports tell of flooding near the Tagus River, ships being thrown onto rocks, and others grounded on the river's floor as the water retreated. Miranda et al. conclude that "these observations are coherent with the existence of a large change in the estuary seafloor, either tectonic displacement or a landslide." Aftermath thumb|left|A depiction of the 1531 Lisbon earthquake in the Augsburg Book of Miracles, c. 1550s The earthquake was followed by several strong aftershocks, and fear of another earthquake was intense. Mass hysteria accompanied by all manner of religious demonstrations (donations, pilgrimages, sermons, etc.) was felt through the kingdom. The events that followed are closely compared to those following the 1755 earthquake, from the king taking refuge in tents, in Palmela, to the religious and civil repercussions and the response of the state. Rumors spread quickly after the tremor, apparently encouraged by the friars of Santarém, that the disaster was divine punishment (la Ira Dei Wrath of God) and that the Jewish community was to blame. Poet and playwright Gil Vicente, who was present in that city during the quake, reportedly personally defused the situation while scolding the friars for their fear-mongering in a powerfully written letter to King John III, and possibly averting a massacre of Jews and recent converts to Christianity.https://books.google.com/books?id=c2wXjg_xLWsC&pg=PA44 Sacred Game: The Role of the Sacred in the Genesis of Modern Literary Fiction Penn State Press Bandera, Cesareo 2010 44 9780271042053 Rediscovery The 1531 earthquake, like the 1321 earthquake, was not widely documented until the early 20th century.Gonçalves, Victor Pereira. (27 de janeiro de 2004). "Que a terra não trema". Público. In 1909, a Portuguese newspaper reported the discovery of an unsigned manuscript of eyewitness accounts of the disaster. In 1919, a four-page letter addressed to the Marquis of Tarifa was found in a Lisbon bookshop, which appeared to describe the earthquake. Sousa's 1919 investigation of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake provided more evidence for the 1531 event, particularly his compilation of answers to the Marquis of Pombal's survey in the wake of the 1755 disaster, which included a question about previous earthquakes. See also Earth sciences Portugal List of earthquakes in Portugal Notes International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology Part A, Volume 81A A List of Deadly Earthquakes in the World: 1500–2000 T. R. Utsu 2002 Academic Press First 978-0124406520 691 Category:Earthquakes in Portugal Category:History of Lisbon Lisbon Earthquake, 1531 Lisbon Earthquake, 1531 Lisbon Lisbon