1303 Hongdong earthquake

Earthquake in northern China (25 September 1303) 1303 Hongdong earthquake yes China yes 36.8 111.7 Bullseye1.png 40 top 250 right 1303 09 25 w 7.2–7.6 36.8 111.7 region:CN_type:event inline,title 11 Three different records: 170,000, 200,000+ and 270,000.从新史料看元大德七年山西洪洞大地震 11-12 王汝雕 山西地震 2003 31303 年洪洞地震宏观震中修订的新证据 New evidences for amendment of macro-epicenter location of 1303AD Hongtong earthquake 948, 953 徐岳仁 何宏林 李文巧 张伟恒 田勤俭 地震地质 2018 40 5 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330366091 thumb|Map of the Shanxi Rift System along the eastern margin of the Ordos Block The 1303 Hongdong earthquake occurred in Yuan dynasty of the Mongol Empire, on September 25. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.6 and it had a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). This was one of the most deadly earthquakes in China, in turn making it one of the top disasters in China by death toll. Geology In 2018, the epicentre was revised to be at 36.8 111.7 in what is now Xiamenzhen, to the southwest of the seat of Lingshi County, Shanxi. The epicentre had previously been determined to be 60 km south, in what is now Hongtong County. The earthquake likely occurred on the Taigu fault zone in Shanxi that part bounds the Taiyuan Basin, part of the Shanxi Rift System, and several scarps and uplifts of local faults were seen as evidence of this. The Taigu fault zone has not experienced any measurable activity since the 1303 earthquake.Xie Xin-sheng Jiang Wa-li Wang Huan-zhen Feng Xi-ying 2004 Holocene activities of the Taigu fault zone, Shanxi Province, and their relations with the 1303 Hongdong M=8 earthquake Acta Seismologica Sinica 17 3 308–321 10.1007/s11589-004-0053-x 2004AcSSn..17..308X 131656457 The magnitude was calculated by modern seismologists to be 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale, though it is impossible to say for sure due to lack of accurate geological data. Damage and casualties Historical records and inscriptions typically asserted one of the three numbers to be the death toll: 170,000, 200,000+ and 270,000. This was one of the deadliest earthquakes in China, in turn making it one of the top disasters in China by death toll. In the nearby towns of Zhaocheng and Hongdong, every major temple and school building collapsed and over half the towns' populations perished. Every building in Huo county, Shanxi was destroyed. Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake(1303) http://www.kepu.net.cn/english/quake/ruins/ kepu.net.cn 2015-11-28 In Taiyuan and Pingyang, nearly 100,000 houses collapsed and over 200,000 people died from collapsing buildings and loess caves in a similar manner to the situation that would be experienced 253 years later in the 1556 Shaanxi earthquake. Cracks in the ground turned into miniature rivers, and many canals in Shanxi Province were destroyed, along with city walls. Some reports stated that the earthquake even levelled mountains and hills, altering the topographic make-up of the region. Landslides and soil subsidence and liquefaction triggered by the shaking were a likely root cause of these large-scale environmental changes.Liu M. https://books.google.com/books?id=yy0QVpE4E8wC Continental Intraplate Earthquakes: Science, Hazard, and Policy Issues Yang Y. Shen Z. Wang S. Wang M. Wan Y. 2007-01-01 Geological Society of America 9780813724256 Stein S. Special Paper 425 299–318 19. Active tectonics and intracontinental earthquakes in China: The kinematics and geodynamics 10.1130/2007.2425(19) Mazzotti S. Rebuilding was generally slow, owing to the destroyed infrastructure of Shanxi and was interrupted by several other earthquakes in the following years. The 1303 Hongdong earthquake, though currently the last to have occurred on its fault system, marked the start of a centuries-long episode of heightened earthquake activity throughout China, the first of several to occur up to the end of the twentieth century. It was also the first of many examples of earthquakes that demonstrated the tendency of earthquakes in China to strike near loess plateaus. See also Earth sciences China List of disasters in China by death toll List of earthquakes in China List of historical earthquakes References 10.1002/2017JB014928 The CE 1303 Hongdong Earthquake and the Huoshan Piedmont Fault, Shanxi Graben: Implications for Magnitude Limits of Normal Fault Earthquakes 2018 Xu Yueren He Honglin Deng Qidong Allen Mark B. Sun Haoyue Bi Lisi Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123 4 3098–3121 2018JGRB..123.3098X 135046043 http://dro.dur.ac.uk/24519/2/24519.pdf External links Ruins of the Hongdong Earthquake (1303) – Science Museums of China Category:1303 in Asia Category:14th-century earthquakes Category:Earthquakes in Shaanxi Category:Earthquakes in Shanxi Category:Earthquakes in Henan Category:History of Linfen