1998 Australian Constitutional Convention

Constitutional convention in Australia May 2014 May 2014 Coat of Arms of Australia.svg 150 Commonwealth Coat of Arms Constitutional convention 1998 02 02 y to 1998 02 13 y Old Parliament House, Canberra Delegates 152— 76 elected 49 appointed by federal, state and territory parliaments 36 appointed by the Commonwealth Government Co-chairs Ian Sinclair (chairman) Barry Jones (deputy chairman) The 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention, also known as the Con Con,Winterton George 1999 Con Con 1998 and the Future of Constitutional Reform http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/journals/UQLawJl/1999/5.pdf University of Queensland Law Journal 20 2 Austlii was a constitutional convention which gathered at Old Parliament House, Canberra from 2 to 13 February 1998. It was called by the Howard government to discuss whether Australia should become a republic and if so, under which constitutional model. The Convention concluded that:http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1665594647 Report of the Constitutional Convention: Old Parliament House Canberra 1998 1: Report of Proceedings 0644-52828-1 Trove Australia should, in principle, become a republic (89 delegates in favour, 52 against with 11 abstentions) in preference to the current monarchical constitutional arrangements, a republican form of government in which the head of state is a president endorsed by two-thirds of members at a joint sitting of the Commonwealth Parliament (the Bipartisan Appointment Model) be adopted (73 delegates in favour, 57 against with 22 abstentions) a constitutional referendum to adopt these changes be put to the people (133 delegates in favour, 17 against with 2 abstentions) A referendum to adopt the republican model endorsed by the Convention was held in November 1999. The proposal was not adopted, with 55% of electors voting No and 45% voting Yes. Background Australian Constitution Monarchy in Australia Australian republicanism Keating government Howard government Australia was founded in 1901 as constitutional monarchy under the Australian Constitution adopted in 1901, with the duties of the head of state performed by a Governor-General selected by the Australian Prime Minister. Australian republicanism has existed since colonial times, though for much of the 20th century, the monarchy remained popular. In the early 1990s, republicanism became a significant political issue. Labor prime minister Paul Keating indicated a desire to instigate a republic in time for the centenary of federation in 2001. The opposition Liberal-National coalition, led by Alexander Downer, though less supportive of the republic plan, promised to convene a constitutional convention to discuss the issue. Under John Howard, the coalition won the 1996 federal election and set the convention date for February 1998.http://www.lawfoundation.net.au/ljf/app/&id=DF4206863AE3C52DCA2571A30082B3D5 Law and Justice Foundation – The Australian Republican Referendum 1999 – Ten Lessons Lawfoundation.net.au 2011-06-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20110526015245/http://www.lawfoundation.net.au/ljf/app/%26id%3DDF4206863AE3C52DCA2571A30082B3D5 26 May 2011 live Composition thumb|The convention took place at Old Parliament House, Canberra. The convention comprised 152 delegates from all of the states and territories of Australia – half elected by a postal ballot and half appointed by the federal government. Of the appointees, 40 were representatives of the commonwealth, state and territory parliaments. Various pro-republican and pro-monarchy delegates were elected and various parliamentary and non-parliamentary delegates were appointed including state and territory leaders. The convention was chaired by the Right Honourable Ian Sinclair AUS MP, of the National Party of Australia with the Honourable Barry Jones AUS AO MP of the Australian Labor Party as deputy chairman.http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/delegates.html https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/19991210000000/http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/delegates.html dead 1999-12-10 National Library of Australia Australian Web Archive webarchive.nla.gov.au 2006-08-23 2011-06-02medic Prominent advocates Parliamentarians Sitting members of the Liberal-National Party Coalition were permitted a free vote on the republican issue, while the Australian Labor Party (ALP) adopted the republican position as a matter of party policy. Senior Liberals split on the issue, with the Prime Minister, John Howard, supporting the status quo and the Treasurer, Peter Costello, supporting a republic. Other representatives of the government at the convention included the Attorney General, Daryl Williams, the Minister for the Environment, Robert Hill, and the Minister for Social Security, Jocelyn Newman, as well as the Deputy Prime Minister, Tim Fischer, and other Members of Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition, Kim Beazley, was accompanied by colleagues Gareth Evans, John Faulkner and others, while the Australian Democrats sent Senator Natasha Stott Despoja.January 2021 The states all sent three representatives including their premiers and opposition leaders, while the territories were represented by their chief ministers. Premiers Bob Carr (New South Wales), Jeff Kennett (Victoria), Rob Borbidge (Queensland), Richard Court (Western Australia), John Olsen (South Australia) and Tony Rundle (Tasmania) attended, along with chief ministers Kate Carnell (Australian Capital Territory) and Shane Stone (Northern Territory).January 2021 ARM and ACM November 2017 A number of members of the Australian Republican Movement (ARM) attended the convention. ARM was established in July 1991 and comprised distinguished Australian intellectuals, politicians and former politicians, business people, students and other citizens who supported an Australian republic. A number of Australian Labor Party supporters and members were attracted to the organisation, though its leader from 1993 to 2000 was future Liberal Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull.http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/biography.asp?id=885 Parliament of Australia: House of Representatives – Members Aph.gov.au 24 October 1954 2 June 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100505191516/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/members/biography.asp?id=885 5 May 2010 Prominent delegates at the Convention included media personalities Steve Vizard and Eddie McGuire, businesswoman Janet Holmes à Court and businessman Lindsay Fox.Vizard, Steve, Two Weeks in Lilliput: Bear Baiting and Backbiting At the Constitutional Convention (Penguin, 1998, 0-14-027983-0) Australians for Constitutional Monarchy was established in 1992, after Prime Minister Keating announced his republican agenda. The organisation was called together to counter the republican movement by Justice Michael Kirby and like minded constitutional monarchists including Lloyd Waddy AUS QC, Aboriginal statesman Neville Bonner, Chancellor of the University of Sydney Dame Leonie Kramer, Helen Sham-Ho AUS MLC (the first Chinese-born member of an Australian Parliament), Doug Sutherland (former Labor Lord Mayor of Sydney). Later, former Labor leader and Governor General Bill Hayden joined the organisation and membership grew to more than registered supporters nationwide. Justice Kirby argued that a constitutional monarchy is "a system of government for those committed to effective checks on rulers and to liberal democracy". Kirby resigned from the organisation upon being appointed a judge of the High Court of Australia and did not participate in the convention. ACM recruited Tony Abbott as its first full-time executive director, although his membership also ceased following pre-selection as a Liberal candidate for election to the Federal Parliament in March 1996. Kerry Jones was then appointed executive director of ACM in his place. She and Lloyd Waddy led ACM through the 1998 Constitutional Convention and the 1999 referendum. Don Chipp, founder of the Australian Democrats, was one of ACM's delegates at the convention. Others Smaller republican groupings included "A Just Republic", the "Real Republic" group, the Clem Jones "Queensland Constitutional Republic Team" and the Ted Mack group. Other monarchist groups included the "Constitutional Monarchists" group, the Australian Monarchist League and "Safeguard the People". Other minor Australian political parties with elected representatives included the Shooters Party, the Christian Democrats (Fred Nile Group). A number of individuals were elected under other grouping names, including lawyer Jason Yat-Sen Li ("A Multi-Cultural Voice") and Misha Schubert ("Republic4U – The Youth Ticket").January 2021 Six Indigenous delegates participated in the convention, including magistrate Pat O'Shane, who was vocal in support of a republic and monarchist Neville Bonner, Australia's first Aboriginal parliamentarian, who ended his contribution to the convention with a Jagera Tribal Sorry Chant in sadness at the deception practised by republicans. The Republican Model, as well as a proposal for a new Constitutional Preamble which would have included the "honouring" of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders.http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/RP/1999-2000/2000rp16.htm First Words: A Brief History of Public Debate on a New Preamble to the Australian Constitution 1991–99 (Research Paper 16 1999–2000) Aph.gov.au 12 Oct 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120216141203/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/RP/1999-2000/2000rp16.htm 16 February 2012 dmy Lady Florence Bjelke-Petersen and Glen Sheil represented the group named "Constitutional Monarchists", while prominent Returned and Services League spokesman Bruce Ruxton represented the monarchist "Safeguard the People" group and Brigadier Alf Garland represented the Australian Monarchist League. Ted Mack and Phil Cleary were prominent independent republicans.January 2021 Clergy from the major churches were appointed as delegates: the Catholic Church in Australia's George Pell and the Anglican Church of Australia' s Peter Hollingworth; while republican Tim Costello, a prominent Baptist minister was elected as a representative for Victoria from the "Real Republic Group".January 2021 Other appointees included academics, such as historian Geoffrey Blainey and Sydney University chancellor Leonie Kramer; legal and constitutional experts such as law professor Greg Craven retired judge Richard McGarvie and public servant David Smith. Former Vice Regal office holders were also appointed, including former Governor of South Australia Dame Roma Mitchell and former Governor General Bill Hayden. Senior business appointees included Sir Arvi Parbo and Donald McGauchie. Journalist delegates included Mia Handshin and Miranda Devine.January 2021 Debate and conclusions Bi-partisan appointment republican model McGarvie Model The Convention debated the need for a change to the Constitution of Australia which would remove the monarchy from a role in Australian government and law. According to the final communiqué issued by the convention, three questions were considered:http://www.theage.com.au/daily/980214/republic/rep17.html https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/19991210000000/http://www.theage.com.au/daily/980214/republic/rep17.html dead 1999-12-10 Australian Web Archive webarchive.nla.gov.au 2006-08-23 2011-06-02medic Whether or not Australia should become a republic; which republic model should be put to the voters to consider against the current system of government; in what time frame and under what circumstances might any change be considered. Delegates advocated a range of positions from no-change to minimal change to radical change. According to the final communique: Three categories of model for a possible Australian republic were before the convention. They were: direct election, parliamentary election by a special majority, and appointment by a special council following prime ministerial nomination. "In principle" agreement was reached by a majority of delegates for an Australian Republic (though a minority bloc of Monarchists dissented). Following a series of votes, a proposal for a "Bipartisan Appointment of the President Model" for an Australian republic was endorsed by a majority of delegates who voted for or against the motion (monarchists and some radical-change republicans abstained from the vote). According to hansard, the vote for the Bi-Partisan model was: "for" 73, "against" 57 with 22 abstentions.http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON1302.PDF?la=en Constitutional Convention Hansard, 13 February Parliament of Australia 13 February 1998 2015-09-07 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150906053553/http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON1302.PDF?la=en 6 September 2015 dmy The final communiqué recommended that Parliament establish a committee responsible for considering the nominations for the position of president and consult widely in the community and compile a shortlist for the Prime Minister. Taking into account the recommendations of the committee, the Prime Minister would then present a single nominee, seconded by the Opposition Leader to a joint sitting of the Australian Parliament which must gain a two-thirds majority in order to be endorsed. The president could be removed at any time by a notice in writing signed by the Prime Minister, however if the House of Representatives failed to ratify this dismissal, the president would be eligible for re-appointment. The powers of the president were to be those of the existing office of Governor General of Australia. The Convention recommended that state parliaments also examine the issue of the republic, as each state has separate and individual constitutional links to the monarchy. Certain recommendations were made for a new Constitutional preamble which included introductory language along the lines of "we the Australian people", and referencing "Almighty God", custodianship and occupancy of Australia by Indigenous Australians; as well as affirmations of the law, cultural diversity, unique land and environment and democratic political system of Australia. The new Australian republic was to retain the name Commonwealth of Australia.January 2021 The Convention recommended to the Prime Minister and Parliament of Australia that the model, and other related changes to the Constitution, supported by the convention, be put to the people in a constitutional referendum in 1999. The minimalist McGarvie Model developed by former Governor of Victoria, Richard McGarvie, and originally submitted to the Republic Advisory Committee in 1993, was the second most popular model of the four voted upon. Republican delegates Clem Jones, Ted Mack, Pat O'Shane, Paul Tully and Paddy O'Brien held out for greater change to the Constitution than the more minimalist model ultimately proposed.http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON1202.PDF?la=en Constitutional Convention Hansard, 12 February 2015-09-07 Parliament of Australia dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150906053251/http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON1202.PDF?la=en 6 September 2015 dmy Arguments by key advocates thumb|right|upright|Prime Minister John Howard supported the constitutional monarchy. The Liberal-National Coalition permitted their members a free vote on the issue. thumb|right|upright|Opposition Leader Kim Beazley supported the republic. His Australian Labor Party adopted the republic as official party policy. In his address to the opening session of the convention, Liberal Prime Minister John Howard outlined his support for retaining the status quo on the basis that it has provided a long period of stability and said he believed that the "separation of the ceremonial and executive functions of government" and the presence of a neutral "defender of constitutional integrity" was an advantage in government and that no republican model would be as effective in providing such an outcome as the Australian monarchy:http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans1.html https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/19991210000000/http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans1.html dead 1999-12-10 Australian Web Archive webarchive.nla.gov.au 2006-08-23 2011-06-02medic In my view, the only argument of substance in favour of an Australian republic is that the symbolism of Australia sharing its legal head of state with a number of other nations is no longer appropriate. As a matter of law, Elizabeth II is Queen of Australia. As a matter of indisputable constitutional convention, the Governor-General has become Australia's effective head of state. It will ultimately be for the Australian people to resolve this theoretical conflict between our history and present day constitutional reality – to decide whether removing the symbolism which many see as inappropriate in our present arrangements – counts more than the stability and inherent strength of the existing order. I oppose Australia becoming a republic because I do not believe that the alternatives so far canvassed will deliver a better system of government than the one we currently have. I go further – some will deliver a worse outcome and gravely weaken our system of government. I believe that modern government is most workable where the essentially ceremonial functions of government are separated from the day to day executive responsibilities. Prime Minister John Howard The Deputy Prime Minister, Tim Fischer, of the National Party said that the Australian Constitution had delivered one of the "oldest continuous federated democracies in the world" and that changing it would be a complex operation:http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON0402.PDF?la=en Constitutional Convention Hansard, 4 February 2015-09-07 Parliament of Australia dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150908053849/http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON0402.PDF?la=en 8 September 2015 dmy The case for changing our mighty Constitution which has helped modernise Australia remains distant, divided and ill-defined. I say: stay with a system that works and works well. Deputy Prime Minister Tim Fischer Opposition Leader Kim Beazley of the Australian Labor Party advocated "minimalist" change. He described transition to a republic as "unfinished business" for Australia and said that foreigners "find it strange and anachronistic, as many Australians now clearly do, that our Head of State is not an Australian". The ALP proposed appointment of a president by two-thirds majority of parliament. In his opening address, Beazley told the convention:http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans2.html https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/19991210000000/http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans2.html dead 1999-12-10 Australian Web Archive webarchive.nla.gov.au 2006-08-23 2011-06-02medic Our nation is a republic in all but name. We argue that we as a nation should recognise the reality of our small "r" republican arrangements by making the necessary adjustments to place the capping stone on that structure – a Head of State who is unambiguously Australian – a Head of State who is one of us. Opposition Leader Kim Beazley Liberal Treasurer Peter Costello advocated for a republic. He rejected any suggestion that Australia was not already an independent nation and said that, while the Australian Constitution works "remarkably well", it was the institution of monarchy that was the crux of his argument for change:http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans4.html https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/19991210000000/http://www.theage.com.au/republic98/hansard/hans4.html dead 1999-12-10 Australian Web Archive webarchive.nla.gov.au 2006-08-23 2011-06-02medic It is commonly said that all this argument is about is whether we want an Australian as our head of state. If that were all we wanted, one of the options to fix it would be an Australian monarchy but, in truth, the problem is more the concept of monarchy itself. The temper of the times is democratic; we are uncomfortable with an office that appoints people by hereditary. In our society in our time we prefer appointment by merit. Treasurer Peter Costello Pat O'Shane, a magistrate and indigenous woman expressed a desire for change based on what she perceived as historical injustice and present inadequacies within the Australian Constitution: http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard/conv/con0302.pdf https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/19981111130000/http://www.dpmc.gov.au/convention/hansard/030298.pdf 169 3 February 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention 1998 Old Parliament House, Canberra PDF, transcript 11 November 1998 O'Shane, Pat Address to the Constitutional Convention Commonwealth of Australiamedic That modern Australia, the Australia that has developed since 26 January 1788 as distinct from the Australia of my ancestors, has a constitutional monarchy is a direct unambiguous consequence of our origins as a colony of Britain—a penal colony at that. As such, it was underwritten with the values of power, privilege, elitism, oppression and dispossession. It was blatantly exclusionary. It is no wonder then that the Australian Constitution, designed to institute a constitutional monarchy as the system of government in this country, is such an inadequate and uncertain instrument as it is. Magistrate Pat O'Shane Indigenous delegates were divided, however. Former Senator Neville Bonner made an impassioned defence of the constitutional monarchy, describing efforts to change it as "senseless division" and a distraction from the real problems facing Australia: You [non-indigenous Australians] came to my country. You invaded my land. You took our Earth (our everything). .... And then slowly you began to change ... You began to accept that my people had rights; that they were entitled to respect ... We have come to accept your laws. We have come to accept your Constitution. We have come to accept the present system. We believed you when you said that a democracy must have checks and balances. We believed you when you said that not all positions in society should be put out for election. We believed you when you said that judges should be appointed, not elected. We believed you when you said that the Westminster system ensures that the government is accountable to the people. We believed you when you taught us that integral to the Westminster system is a head of state who is above politics. We believed you when you said that, as with the judiciary, Government House must also be a political-free zone. We believed you when you said that it is not important that the Crown has greater powers and that what was important was that the Crown denies those powers to the politicians ... I cannot see the need for change. I cannot see how it will help my people. I cannot see how it will resolve the question of land and access to land that troubles us. I cannot see how it will ensure that indigenous people have access to the same opportunities that other Australians enjoy. Fellow Australians, what is most hurtful is that after all we have learned together, after subjugating us and then freeing us, once again you are telling us that you know better. How dare you? Neville Bonner Kerry Jones, leader of Australians for Constitutional Monarchy defended the Australian Constitution, saying "no republic model will ever offer the protection and safeguards that work so well in our current Constitution". She said her task was to "assess each republican model against the Constitution that has served us so well":http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON0302.PDF?la=en Constitutional Convention Hansard, 3 February 2015-09-07 Parliament of Australia dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150906134432/http://www.aph.gov.au/~/media/02%20Parliamentary%20Business/23%20Hansard/CON0302.PDF?la=en 6 September 2015 dmy I had become a constitutional monarchist—not out of my love of English blood, for my blood is actually Irish; not out of birth in the Protestant establishment, for I am actually a Catholic; not out of enthusiasm for all things royal, for I have little interest in such trivia. I had become a constitutional monarchist because I was persuaded, as was Michael Kirby, that the system of government bequeathed to us by our founders is superior to any republican models proposed. Kerry Jones, Australians for Constitutional Monarchy Delegates examined various models for a republic. Independent republican delegate Phil Cleary argued the case for direct-election of a president and questioned the motivations of "conservative" republicans: About the time of the last convention one of our greatest poets, Henry Lawson, claimed that Australians would doff their hat to no man and call no biped master. Now the best the conservative wing of the republican leadership can offer the people is an appointed president—a president palatable to the major parties. Their justification is pure scaremongering ... What are they frightened of? Do they fear a creative tension in the political system, or is it more that they fear giving up their power or their loss of influence? Phil Cleary Malcolm Turnbull, leader of the Australian Republican Movement, cautioned against mixing the roles of President and Prime Minister in a direct election system, telling the convention: Mr Clem Jones has proposed a directly elected model that would give the president additional powers. We believe that is not a good option. We feel that a directly elected president should either have no powers—for example, as in Ireland—or be the chief executive of the nation, as in the case of the United States. We think the French arrangement, where executive power is shared in a very confused fashion between the President and the Prime Minister, is the worst of all options. So I would say that we either go to Dublin for a directly elected president or we go to Washington; the Paris option, for the reasons advanced by Mr (Bob) Carr, is not on. Malcolm Turnbull, Australian Republican Movement The Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne, George Pell, supported change, but noted "Without support from most of the front benches of both sides of the parliament, it would be wasteful to go to a referendum." Towards the end of proceedings, he called on conservatives to support change: All conservatives here should realise that they will never get a better result out of a convention than they have done here. It will certainly be no less difficult for a tyrant to abuse the office of Prime Minister or president. That is fundamental; we all agree. The preamble has been voided of legal significance, the reserve powers are retained and, with partial codification, this will in practice make them stronger because they will become less unpredictable and less offensive. George Pell, Archbishop of Melbourne Aftermath 1999 Australian republic referendum Two proposals to amend the Australian Constitution were submitted to the Australian electorate in November 1999. If approved, the referendum would have established a republican system of government in Australia. The referendum held on 6 November 1999 failed to achieve the support of either a majority of voters or a majority of states. The national vote of the electors in favour of Australia becoming a republic was 45.13%, with 54.87% against.http://www.michaelkirby.com.au/images/stories/speeches/2000s/vol46/2000/1670-Lessons_from_the_Republic_Referendum.pdf Lessons From the Republic Referendum in Australia 28 July 2012 Australia remains a constitutional monarchy. Delegates 1997 Australian Constitutional Convention election thumb|right|upright|Malcolm Turnbull led the Australian Republican Movement thumb|right|upright|Justice Michael Kirby founded Australians for Constitutional Monarchy though he retired from the organisation prior to the Convention following his appointment as a judge of the High Court of Australia thumb|right|upright|Liberal Premier of Victoria Jeff Kennett (republican) attended as an appointed delegate along with all the State and Territory leaders and State opposition leaders thumb|right|upright|Labor Premier of New South Wales Bob Carr (republican) thumb|right|upright|Senator Natasha Stott Despoja (republican) represented the Australian Democrats thumb|right|upright|Don Chipp, founder of the Australian Democrats, was a delegate for Australians for Constitutional Monarchy thumb|right|upright|Trade Unionist Jennie George was an Australian Republican Movement delegate thumb|right|upright|Then Archbishop of Melbourne, George Pell (republican), was an appointed delegate. Other leading clergy in attendance included Peter Hollingworth (abstained) and Tim Costello (republican) thumb|right|upright|TV personality Eddie McGuire was an Australian Republican Movement delegate A total of 152 delegates, from each state and territory and a wide diversity of backgrounds, gathered at Old Parliament House in Canberra. Seventy-six of the delegates were elected by a voluntary postal ballot. The other seventy-six were appointed by the federal government. List of elected delegates OrderDelegate nameOrganisationState/Territory 1 Malcolm Turnbull Australian Republican Movement New South Wales 2 Doug Sutherland No Republic – ACM 3 Ted Mack Ted Mack Group 4 Wendy Machin Australian Republican Movement 5 Kerry Jones No Republic – ACM 6 Ed Haber Ted Mack Group 7 The Hon. Neville Wran AUS AC QC Australian Republican Movement 8 Cr Julian Leeser No Republic – ACM 9 Karin Sowada Australian Republican Movement 10 Peter Grogan Australian Republican Movement 11 Jennie George Australian Republican Movement 12 Christine Ferguson No Republic – ACM 13 Alasdair Webster Christian Democratic Party (Fred Nile Group) 14 Glenda Hewitt ungrouped – I Care About Australia's Future 15 Dr Pat O'Shane AUS AM A Just Republic 16 Brigadier Alf Garland AUS AM Australian Monarchist League 17 Andrew Gunter Ethos – Elect the Head of State 18 Hazel Hawke Australian Republican Movement 19 Jason Yat-Sen Li ungrouped – A Multi-Cultural Voice 20 Catherine Moore Greens, Bill of Rights, Indigenous Peoples 21 Eddie McGuire Australian Republican Movement Victoria 22 The Hon. Don Chipp AUS AO No Republic – ACM 23 The Rev. Tim Costello Real Republic 24 Bruce Ruxton AUS OBE MBE Safeguard the People 25 Mary Delahunty Australian Republican Movement 26 Sophie Panopoulos No Republic – ACM 27 Steve Vizard Australian Republican Movement 28 Poppy King Australian Republican Movement 29 Lindsay Fox AUS AO Australian Republican Movement 30 The Hon. Vernon Wilcox AUS CBE QC Safeguard the People 31 Moira Rayner Real Republic 32 Misha Schubert Republic4U – The Youth Ticket 33 The Hon. Jim Ramsay No Republic – ACM 34 Kenneth Gifford AUS QC Australian Monarchist League 35 Phil Cleary ungrouped – Phil Cleary – Independent Australia 36 Eric Bullmore Shooters Party 37 The Hon. Sir James Killen AUS KCMG No Republic – ACM Queensland 38 Dr Clem Jones Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team 39 The Hon. Michael Lavarch Australian Republican Movement 40 Dr Glen Sheil Constitutional Monarchists 41 Neville Bonner AUS AO No Republic – ACM 42 David Muir Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team 43 Sallyanne Atkinson AUS AO Australian Republican Movement 44 Thomas Bradley No Republic – ACM 45 Florence, Lady Bjelke-Petersen Constitutional Monarchists 46 Mary Kelly Women for a Just Republic 47 Sarina Russo Australian Republican Movement 48 Cr Paul Tully Queenslanders for a Republic 49 Cr Ann Bunnell Clem Jones Queensland Constitutional Republic Team 50 Janet Holmes à Court Australian Republican Movement Western Australia 51 The Rt Hon. Reg Withers No Republic – ACM 52 Prof. Peter Tannock Australian Republican Movement 53 Geoff Hourn No Republic – ACM 54 Graham Edwards Australian Republican Movement 55 Clare Thompson Australian Republican Movement 56 Marylyn Rodgers No Republic – ACM 57 Liam Bartlett ungrouped – An Open Mind for the Future 58 Prof. Patrick O'Brien Elect the President 59 Kym Bonython No Republic – ACM South Australia 60 Dr Baden Teague Australian Republican Movement 61 The Rt Rev. John Hepworth No Republic – ACM 62 Linda Kirk Australian Republican Movement 63 Victoria Manetta No Republic – ACM 64 Dr Tony Cocchiaro Australian Republican Movement 65 Fr John Fleming No Republic – ACM 66 Kirsten Andrews Australian Republican Movement 67 Edward O'Farrell AUS CVO CBE No Republic – ACM Tasmania 68 Julian Green Australian Republican Movement 69 Michael Castle No Republic – ACM 70 Marguerite Scott Australian Republican Movement 71 Dr David Mitchell The Australian Monarchist League 72 Eric Lockett ungrouped – Voice of Ordinary, Fair-Minded, Thinking Citizens 73 Anne Witheford Australian Republican Movement Australian Capital Territory 74 Frank Cassidy Australian Republican Movement 75 David Curtis A Just Republic Northern Territory 76 Michael Kilgariff ungrouped – Territory Republican List of appointed delegates OrderDelegate nameState/TerritoryCategory 1 Andrea Ang Western Australia Non-parliamentary 2 Stella Axarlis Victoria 3 Dannalee Bell Victoria 4 Julie Bishop Western Australia 5 Geoffrey Blainey AUS AO Victoria 6 Greg Craven Western Australia 7 Miranda Devine New South Wales 8 Gatjil Djerrkura AUS OAM Northern Territory 9 Mia Handshin South Australia 10 The Hon. Bill Hayden AUS AC Queensland 11 The Most Revd Peter Hollingworth AUS AO OBE Queensland 12 Mary Imlach Tasmania 13 Major General William James AUS AO MBE MC Queensland 14 Adam Johnston New South Wales 15 Annette Knight AUS AM Western Australia 16 Dame Leonie Kramer AUS AC New South Wales 17 Helen Lynch AUS AM New South Wales 18 The Hon. Richard McGarvie AUS AC Victoria 19 Donald McGauchie AUS AC Victoria 20 The Hon. Dame Roma Mitchell AUS AC South Australia 21 Carl Möller Tasmania 22 Cr Joan Moloney Queensland 23 George Mye AUS MBE AM Queensland / TSI 24 Ben Myers Queensland 25 Moira O'Brien Northern Territory 26 Lois O'Donoghue AUS CBE AM South Australia 27 Sir Arvi Parbo AUS AC Victoria 28 The Most Revd George Pell Victoria 29 Nova Peris-Kneebone Western Australia / Northern Territory 30 Peter Sams New South Wales 31 Judith Sloan South Australia 32 Sir David Smith AUS KCVO AO Australian Capital Territory 33 Trang Thomas AUS AM Victoria 34 Lloyd Waddy AUS RFD QC New South Wales 35 George Winterton New South Wales 36 Heidi Zwar Australian Capital Territory 37 The Hon. John Howard AUS MP Prime Minister Parliamentary 38 The Hon. Peter Costello AUS MP Treasurer 39 The Hon. Daryl Williams AUS AM QC MP Attorney-General 40 Senator the Hon. Robert Hill Minister for the Environment 41 Senator the Hon. Jocelyn Newman Minister for Social Security 42 Neil Andrew AUS MP Chief Government Whip 43 Chris Gallus AUS MP 44 Kevin Andrews AUS MP 45 Senator Alan Ferguson 46 The Hon. Tim Fischer AUS MP Deputy Prime Minister 47 The Hon. John Anderson AUS MP Minister for Primary Industries and Energy 48 Senator Ron Boswell Leader of the National Party of Australia in the Senate 49 The Hon. Kim Beazley AUS MP Leader of the Opposition 50 The Hon. Gareth Evans AUS QC MP Deputy Leader of the Opposition 51 Senator the Hon. John Faulkner Leader of the Opposition in the Senate 52 Senator Sue West Deputy President of the Senate 53 Senator the Hon. Nick Bolkus Shadow Attorney-General 54 Senator Kate Lundy 55 Senator Natasha Stott Despoja Deputy Leader of the Democrats 56 Allan Rocher AUS MP 57 The Hon. Bob Carr AUS MP Premier of New South Wales 58 The Hon. Peter Collins AUS QC MP Leader of the Opposition 59 The Hon. Jeff Shaw AUS QC MLC Attorney-General and Minister for Industrial Relations 60 The Hon. Jeff Kennett MLA Premier of Victoria 61 John Brumby MLA Leader of the Opposition 62 The Hon. Pat McNamara MLA Deputy Premier and Minister for Agriculture 63 The Hon. Rob Borbidge MLA Premier of Queensland 64 Peter Beattie MLA Leader of the Opposition 65 The Hon. Denver Beanland MLA Attorney-General and Minister for Justice 66 The Hon. Richard Court MLA Premier of Western Australia 67 Geoff Gallop MLA Leader of the Opposition 68 The Hon. Hendy Cowan MLA Deputy Premier of Western Australia 69 The Hon. John Olsen FNIA MP Premier of South Australia 70 The Hon. Mike Rann MP Leader of the Opposition 71 The Hon. Mike Elliott MLC Leader of the Australian Democrats 72 The Hon. Tony Rundle MHA Premier of Tasmania 73 Jim Bacon MHA Leader of the Opposition 74 Christine Milne MHA Leader of the Tasmanian Greens 75 Kate Carnell MLA Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory 76 The Hon. Shane Stone MLA Chief Minister of the Northern Territory See also Pledge of Loyalty Act 2006 Pledge of Loyalty Act 2006 History of Australia Australian Constitutional history Australian Constitution Monarchy in Australia References 30em External links Official transcript of the Convention The Australian Broadcasting Commission's 1998 Convention website National Library of Australiamedic Category:Australian constitutional law Category:Republicanism in Australia Australia Category:Legal history of Australia Category:Conventions in Australia Category:1998 in Australian law Category:February 1998 in Australia Australian Constitutional Convention Category:1990s political conferences