1900–01 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1900–01 United States Senate elections United States 1896 legislative no 1898–99 United States Senate elections 1898 & 1899 1902–03 United States Senate elections 1902 & 1903 Class 2 1894–95 United States Senate elections 1894 & 1895 1906–07 United States Senate elections 1906 & 1907 30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 46 January 16, 1900 –March 28, 1901 160x180px Seats up Races won Republican Party (US) William B. Allison - Brady-Handy.jpg William B. Allisonas Republican Conference Chair March 4, 1897 Iowa 53 55 2 17 14 Democratic Party (US) James Jones.png James K. Jonesas Democratic Caucus Chair March 4, 1899 Arkansas 27 29 2 11 13 Populist Party (US) 4 2 2 1 0 Silver Republican Party 2 2 1 1 Silver Party 2 2 0 0 Majority Party Republican Party (US) Republican Party (US) 370px 320px Results of the elections:#0671B0 Democratic gain #92C5DE Democratic hold#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#e3406f Silver Republican gain #F3D9DF Silver Republican hold#000000 Legislature failed to elect The 1900–01 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President William McKinley's re-election as well as the 1900 House of Representatives elections. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1900 and 1901, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. Both the Republicans and the Democrats gained two seats at the expense of various third parties and vacancies. Special elections were held to fill vacant seats in Pennsylvania, Utah, and Montana (of which the Republicans won the two former and Democrats the latter) as well as to replace appointees in Minnesota, Nebraska, and Vermont (all of which were carried by the Republicans). Republicans flipped Democratic-held seats in Minnesota, as well as a Populist seat in Nebraska and a Silver Republican held seat in South Dakota. The Silver Republican Party kept itself to net neutral gain by flipping a Republican held seat in Idaho. The Democratic party, meanwhile, flipped Republican held seats in Montana and Colorado as well as a Populist held seat in North Carolina. In Nebraska and Montana's special election, senators were elected shortly after the beginning of the 57th Congress on March 4. In Delaware, the legislature again failed to elect a candidate, leaving both senate seats vacant– the only time a state has gone without representation in the Senate since the first Congress. Results summary Senate party division, 57th Congress (1901–1903) Majority party: Republican (55) Minority party: Democratic (29) Other parties: Populist (2); Silver Republican 2; Vacant 2 Total seats: 90 Change in Senate composition Before the elections At the beginning of 1900. D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16Ran D17Ran D18Ran D19Ran D20Ran D21Ran D22Retired D23Retired D24Retired D25Retired SR2 SR1 S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5Ran D26Retired SR3Ran R51Retired R50Unknown R49Ran R48Ran R47Ran R46Ran R45Ran R44Ran V1 Majority → V2 R36Ran R37Ran R38Ran R39Ran R40Ran R41Ran R42Ran R43Ran V3 R35Ran R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Result of the general elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16Re-elected D17Re-elected D18Re-elected D19Re-elected D20Re-elected D21Hold D22Hold D23Hold D24Hold D25Hold SR1 S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 P4 D28Gain from P D27Gain from R D26Gain from R SR2 SR3Gain from R R48Gain from SR R47Re-elected R46Re-elected R45Re-elected R44Hold R43Re-elected V5D Loss V1 Majority → V4R Loss V2 R36Re-elected R37Re-elected R38Re-elected R39Re-elected R40Re-elected R41Re-elected R42Hold V3 R35Re-elected R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Beginning of the next Congress D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10Change from SR D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 R52Gain from V R53Gain from V SR2 SR1 P1 P2 P3 D28 D27 D26 R51Change from P R50Change from S R49Change from S R48 R47 R46 R45 R44 V4D Loss V1 Majority → R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 V3 V2 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Key: D# Democratic P# Populist R# Republican S# Silver SR# Silver Republican V# Vacant Race summaries Elections to the 56th Congress In these elections, the winner was seated in the current (56th) Congress during 1900 or in 1901 before March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Mississippi(Class 2) William V. Sullivan Democratic 1898 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 16, 1900.Winner was not a candidate in the election for the next term; see below. Democratic Party (US) William V. Sullivan (Democratic) UnopposedTribune Almanac (1901) 300 California(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected February 7, 1900.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Thomas R. Bard (Republican) 85 Democratic Party (US)James D. Phelan (Democratic) 30 Democratic Party (US)Stephen M. White (Democratic) 1Tribune Almanac (1901) 299–300 Vermont(Class 3) Jonathan Ross Republican 1899 (appointed) Interim appointee retired.New senator elected October 18, 1900.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300Republican hold. Republican Party (US) William P. Dillingham (Republican) 162 Republican Party (US)William W. Grout (Republican) 96 Democratic Party (US)Seneca Hazleton (Democratic) 6 Republican Party (US)Jonathan Ross (Republican) 5 Republican Party (US)C. A. Prouty (Republican) 1Tribune Almanac (1901) 300 Pennsylvania(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.Predecessor appointed, but declared not entitled to the seat.Tribune Almanac (1901) 299Predecessor re-elected January 16, 1901.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Matthew Quay (Republican) 130 Democratic Party (US)James M. Guffey (Democratic) 56 Republican Party (US)John Dalzell (Republican) 34 Republican Party (US)Charles E. Smith (Republican) 12 Republican Party (US)George F. Huff (Republican) 7 Republican Party (US)John Stewart (Republican) 3 Others, 1 each; see belowTribune Almanac (1902) 300 Minnesota(Class 1) Charles A. Towne Democratic 1900 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election.New senator elected January 23, 1901.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Moses E. Clapp (Republican) 135 Democratic Party (US)Charles A. Towne (Democratic) 38Tribune Almanac (1902) 298 Utah(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300New senator elected January 23, 1901.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Thomas Kearns (Republican) 37 Democratic Party (US)Alfred W. McCune (Democratic) 25Tribune Almanac (1902) 301 Delaware(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect to begin the term.Legislature again failed to elect to finish the term.Tribune Almanac (1902) 297 Republican Party (US)J. Edward Addicks (Republican) Republican Party (US)Charles F. Richards (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Willard Saulsbury (Democratic)Tribune Almanac (1902) 297 Elections to the 57th Congress In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1901; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama John T. Morgan Democratic 1876188218881894 Incumbent re-elected November 27, 1900.November 28, 1900 Senator morgan re-elected 7 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/11/28/105756094.html?zoom=17 Democratic Party (US) John T. Morgan (Democratic) UnopposedTribune Almanac (1901) 299-300 Arkansas James H. Berry Democratic 1885 (special)18891895 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.January 23, 1901 Another Term for Berry of Arkansas 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068381.html?zoom=16.72 Democratic Party (US) James H. Berry (Democratic) 123 Republican Party (US)H. L. Remmel (Republican) 2 Colorado Edward O. Wolcott Republican 18891895 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 15, 1901.January 16, 1901 Patterson wins in colorado 3 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/16/290320602.html?zoom=16.5Democratic gain. Democratic Party (US) Thomas M. Patterson (Democratic) 91 Republican Party (US)Edward O. Wolcott (Republican) 8 Delaware Richard R. Kenney Democratic 1897 (special) Legislature failed to elect.Democratic loss. Republican Party (US)J. Edward Addicks (Republican) Republican Party (US)Henry A. du Pont (Republican) Republican Party (US)Anthony Higgins (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Richard R. Kenney (Democratic)Tribune Almanac (1902) 297 Georgia Augustus O. Bacon Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected November 6, 1900.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300 Democratic Party (US) Augustus O. Bacon (Democratic) UnopposedTribune Almanac (1901) 300 Idaho George L. Shoup Republican 18901895 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 16, 1901.January 16, 1901 Dubois lands the prize 1 Lewiston Morning Tribune Idaho https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bo1fAAAAIBAJ&pg=4788%2C433917January 16, 1901 Dubois chosen on first ballot 1 The Spokesman-Review Spokane, Washington https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=W9IUAAAAIBAJ&pg=5829%2C904642Silver Republican gain.New senator changed party to Democratic. Silver Republican Party Fred Dubois (Silver Republican) 37 Republican Party (US)George L. Shoup (Republican) 27Tribune Almanac (1902) 297 Illinois Shelby M. Cullom Republican 188218881894 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 297January 23, 1901 Cullom of Illinois Succeeds Himself 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068378.html?zoom=16.72 Republican Party (US) Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) 100 Democratic Party (US)Samuel Alschuler (Democratic) 85Tribune Almanac (1902) 297 Iowa John H. Gear Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1900.Clark 245Tribune Almanac (1901) 300Incumbent died July 14, 1900.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300A new senator was appointed to finish the term and to the next term.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300 Republican Party (US) John H. Gear (Republican) 111 Democratic Party (US)Fred E. White (Democratic) 32Clark 245A different source tallied the results with an additional vote for both Gear and White.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300 Kansas Lucien Baker Republican 1895 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 22, 1901.January 23, 1901 J.R. Burton the Choice in Kansas 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068377.html?zoom=16.72Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Joseph R. Burton (Republican) 109 Democratic Party (US)David Overmyer (Democratic) 51Tribune Almanac (1902) 297 Kentucky William Lindsay Democratic 1893 (special)1894 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 16, 1900, after an election on January 9, 1900.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300January 17, 1900 Blackburn's Election Duplicated 2 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/17/101045662.html?zoom=17Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) J. C. S. Blackburn (Democratic) 77 Republican Party (US)William O. Bradley (Republican) 53 Louisiana Donelson Caffery Democratic 1894 (appointed)1894 (special)1894 Incumbent retired.New senator elected May 22, 1900.May 23, 1900 Louisiana Senators Elected. 2 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/05/23/102596204.html?zoom=17Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Murphy J. Foster (Democratic) 148 UnopposedTribune Almanac (1901) 300 Maine William P. Frye Republican 1881 (special)188318891895 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 297–298January 16, 1901 Frye Wins Out in Maine. 3 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/16/290320652.html?zoom=16.67 Republican Party (US) William P. Frye (Republican) 131 Democratic Party (US)Swasey M. Staples (Democratic) 14Tribune Almanac (1902) 297–298 Massachusetts George F. Hoar Republican 1877188318891895 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 298January 16, 1901 Democrats Help Re-elect Hoar. 3 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/16/290320632.html?zoom=16.5 Republican Party (US) George F. Hoar (Republican) 77 Democratic Party (US)Richard Olney (Democratic) 56 Social Democratic Party (US)Charles H. Bradley (Social Democratic) 1Tribune Almanac (1902) 298 Michigan James McMillan Republican 18891895 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 298January 16, 1901 McMillan of Michigan Re-elected. 3 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/16/290320642.html?zoom=16.67 Republican Party (US) James McMillan (Republican) 116 UnknownThomas E. Barkworth (Unknown) 1Tribune Almanac (1902) 298 Minnesota Knute Nelson Republican 1895 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 298 Republican Party (US) Knute Nelson (Republican) 136 Democratic Party (US)R. R. Nelson (Democratic) 40Tribune Almanac (1902) 298 Mississippi William V. Sullivan Democratic 1898 (appointed) Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 16, 1900.Democratic hold.Winner was not a candidate to finish the term; see above. Democratic Party (US) Anselm J. McLaurin (Democratic) UnopposedTribune Almanac (1901) 300 Montana Thomas H. Carter Republican 1895 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 16, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 298Democratic gain.The election was later challenged.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300 Democratic Party (US) William A. Clark (Democratic) 57 votes Republican Party (US)Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 31 votes Democratic Party (US)Martin Maginnis (Democratic) 4 votes Democratic Party (US)R. B. Smith (Democratic) 1 voteTribune Almanac (1902) 299W.A. CLARK AGAIN A SENATOR.; Montana Legislature Elects Him on the First Ballot -- He Buys All the Wine in Helena. The New York Times en http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/17/117953344.html?zoom=15.33 2021-01-23 Nebraska John M. Thurston Republican 1895 Legislature failed to elect.Tribune Almanac (1902) 299–300Republican loss. February 2020 New Hampshire William E. Chandler Republican 1889 (special)1895 Incumbent lost remomination.New senator elected January 15, 1901.January 16, 1901 Burnham Is New Hampshire's Choice 3 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/16/290320662.html?zoom=15.69Tribune Almanac (1902) 300Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Henry E. Burnham (Republican) 301 Democratic Party (US)Charles F. Stone (Democratic) 84 Independent (US)Henry M. Baker (Independent) 1Tribune Almanac (1902) 300 New Jersey William J. Sewell Republican 1895 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 300January 23, 1901 Senator sewell re-elected 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068375.html?zoom=17 Republican Party (US) William J. Sewell (Republican) 62 Democratic Party (US)Alvah A. Clark (Democratic) 17Tribune Almanac (1902) 300 North Carolina Marion Butler Populist 1894 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 300January 23, 1901 North Carolina Elects a Democrat 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068384.html?zoom=16.72Democratic gain. Democratic Party (US) F. M. Simmons (Democratic) 124 Republican Party (US)Richmond Pearson (Republican) 26Tribune Almanac (1902) 300 Oregon George W. McBride Republican 1895 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected February 24, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 300February 25, 1901 Oregon elects a senator 1 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/02/25/101180341.html?zoom=16.5Republican hold. Republican Party (US) John H. Mitchell (Republican) 46 Republican Party (US)Henry W. Corbett (Republican) 29 Democratic Party (US)A. S. Bennett (Democratic) 16Tribune Almanac (1902) 300 Rhode Island George P. Wetmore Republican 1894 Incumbent re-elected June 12, 1900.June 13, 1900 Senator wetmore re-elected 2 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/06/13/102599198.html?zoom=15.700000000000001 Republican Party (US) George P. Wetmore (Republican) 88 Democratic Party (US)Samuel R. Honey (Democratic) 10Tribune Almanac (1901) 300 South Carolina Benjamin Tillman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected January 15, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 301January 24, 1901 Tillman South Carolina's Choice 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/24/102623440.html?zoom=17 Democratic Party (US) Benjamin Tillman (Democratic) UnopposedTribune Almanac (1902) 301 South Dakota Richard F. Pettigrew SilverRepublican 18891894 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 301January 23, 1901 R.J. Gamble Succeeds Pettigrew 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068383.html?zoom=16.72Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Robert J. Gamble (Republican) 115 Silver Republican PartyRichard F. Pettigrew (Silver Republican) 13Tribune Almanac (1902) 301 Tennessee Thomas B. Turley Democratic 1883 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 16, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 301January 17, 1901 Tennessee Elects Carmack 2 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/17/117953367.html?zoom=15.71Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Edward W. Carmack (Democratic) 99 Republican Party (US)Thomas N. Burkett (Republican) 24Tribune Almanac (1902) 301 Texas Horace Chilton Democratic 1895 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 301January 23, 1901 Bailey a Senator from Texas 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068386.html?zoom=16.72Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Joseph W. Bailey (Democratic) 137 Democratic Party (US)Edwin A. Atlee (Democratic) 2 Democratic Party (US)Horace Chilton (Democratic) 2 Democratic Party (US)M. M. Crane (Democratic) 1 Democratic Party (US)John H. Reagan (Democratic) 1Tribune Almanac (1902) 301 Virginia Thomas S. Martin Democratic 1893 (early) Incumbent had already been re-elected early December 19, 1899. West Virginia Stephen B. Elkins Republican 1895 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 301January 23, 1901 Elkins Re-elected in West Virginia 5 The New York Times https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/101068380.html?zoom=16.72 Republican Party (US) Stephen B. Elkins (Republican) 61 Democratic Party (US)John T. McGraw (Democratic) 23Tribune Almanac (1902) 301 Wyoming Francis E. Warren Republican 18901893 (lost)1895 Incumbent re-elected January 22, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 301 Republican Party (US) Francis E. Warren (Republican) 52 Democratic Party (US)John E. Osborne (Democratic) 3Tribune Almanac (1902) 301January 23, 1901 Warren Wins in Wyoming 5 The New York Times http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/01/23/issue.html Early election to the 58th Congress In this election, the winner was seated in the 58th Congress, starting March 4, 1903. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Louisiana(Class 3) Samuel D. McEnery Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected early May 22, 1900 for the term beginning March 4, 1903.Tribune Almanac (1901) 300 Democratic Party (US) Samuel D. McEnery (Democratic) 148 UnopposedTribune Almanac (1901) 299 Elections during the 57th Congress In these elections, the winners was elected in 1901 after March 4 and seated in the 57th Congress. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Montana(Class 1) Vacant William A. Clark resigned May 15, 1900, and was later elected to the state's other seat; see above.New senator elected March 7, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 298Democratic gain. Democratic Party (US) Paris Gibson (Democratic) 47 Republican Party (US)Thomas H. Carter (Republican) 33 Democratic Party (US)John MacGinnis (Democratic)11 Democratic Party (US)H. L. Frank (Democratic) 1Tribune Almanac (1902) 298 Nebraska(Class 1) William V. Allen Populist 18931899 (lost)1899 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election as a Fusion candidate."Fusion" here meant Democratic. Tribune Almanac (1902) 299–300New senator elected March 28, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 299–300Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Charles H. Dietrich (Republican) 70 Fusion Party (South Dakota)William V. Allen (Fusion) 58 UnknownGeorge W. Berge (Unknown) 2Tribune Almanac (1902) 299–300 Nebraska(Class 2) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect; see above.New senator elected March 28, 1901.Tribune Almanac (1902) 299–300Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Joseph Millard (Republican) 70 Fusion Party (South Dakota)William H. Thompson (Fusion) 52 Fusion Party (South Dakota)Gilbert Hitchcock (Fusion) 8Tribune Almanac (1902) 299–300 Pennsylvania (special) 1901 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania The special election in Pennsylvania was held on January 15, 1901, after the regularly scheduled legislative election in January–April 1899 failed to elect a Senator. Former Senator Matthew Quay, who had left the Senate for nearly two years because of the political stalemate, was again elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.U.S. Senate Election - 1899 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1899.pdf Wilkes University December 23, 2012U.S. Senate Election - 15 January 1901 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox/sen/PaSen1901.pdf Wilkes University December 23, 2012 Republican Matthew Quay was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in the 1893 election. With Sen. Quay's term expiring on March 4, 1899, the General Assembly convened on January 18, 1899, to elect a Senator for the next term. Between January 18 and April 19, 1899, seventy-nine ballots were recorded in an attempt to elect a Senator. Instead, the legislature adjourned sine die without electing a Senator due to a dispute between Sen. Quay's political machine and an anti-Quay faction within the Republican Party, along with Democratic Party opposition. Sen. Quay's term expired on March 4, 1899. Since a Senator had not been elected for the successive term, the seat was vacated. At the time, Quay was under indictment for misuse of funds. He was acquitted, after which Governor William Stone appointed Quay to the vacated Senate seat (a power the Governor did not legally have until the ratification of the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1913). The Senate refused to recognize Quay's appointment, and the seat remained vacant until a Senator could be officially elected (which would ultimately be Quay himself, after a nearly two-year hiatus). This incident, among others, would later be cited by supporters of the 17th Amendment, which mandated the direct election of U.S. Senators. The Pennsylvania General Assembly convened on January 15, 1901, for a special election to elect a Senator to serve out the remainder of the term that began on March 4, 1899. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows: State Legislature Results Republican Party (US) Matthew Quay 130 51.18 Democratic Party (US) James M. Guffey 56 22.05 Republican Party (US) John Dalzell 34 13.39 Republican Party (US) Charles E. Smith 12 4.72 Republican Party (US) George Franklin Huff 7 2.76 Republican Party (US) John Stewart 3 1.18 Socialist Party of America John H. Harris 1 0.39 Republican Party (US) William McConway 1 0.39 Republican Party (US) Henry C. McCormick 1 0.39 Republican Party (US) Marlin Olmsted 1 0.39 Prohibition Party Silas C. Swallow 1 0.39 Republican Party (US) Charles Tubbs 1 0.39 N/A Not voting 6 2.36 |- style="background:#eee; text-align:right" | colspan=3 | Totals | 254 | 100.00% |} See also 1900 United States elections 1900 United States presidential election 1900 United States House of Representatives elections 56th United States Congress 57th United States Congress Notes 30em References Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov Clark Dan Elbert History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 1913 Clark https://books.google.com/books?id=jXJDAAAAIAAJ Cox Harold Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project Wilkes University January 31, 2007 http://staffweb.wilkes.edu/harold.cox The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1901 The Tribune Association New York 1901 Tribune Almanac (1901) 299–301 https://archive.org/details/tribunealmanaca10greegoog The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1902 The Tribune Association New York 1902 Tribune Almanac (1902) 297–301 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065248505;seq=309