2013 Zimbabwean constitutional referendum

none June 2020 June 2020 2000 2000 Zimbabwean constitutional referendum 2013 Zimbabwean constitutional referendum 16–17 March 2013 Zimbabwe The Parliamentary Select Committee (COPAC) which was spearheading the Constitution making process prepared a draft Constitution that was tabled before Parliament on the 5th day of February 2013, and duly adopted by Parliament. The draft Constitution was published in the Gazette on the 15th day of February 2013.Are you in favour of adopting that draft Constitution as the new Constitution of Zimbabwe? 3,079,966 179,489 56,627 New constitution adopted and fully in force on 22 August 2013 Yes 92.88 48A5EE No 5.41 FEBF10 Invalid 1.71 c1c1c1c0 2013 Zimbabwean constitutional referendum results.svg Results by constituency The 2013 Zimbabwean constitutional referendum was held on 16–17 March 2013, where Zimbabweans voted on a draft constitution that had been endorsed by all major political parties in the country. The outcome was a resounding yes vote, with 94.5 percent of voters supporting the new document. The referendum was a key milestone in Zimbabwe's political landscape, paving the way for the 2013 Zimbabwean general election and marking the end of the Lancaster House Constitution that had governed the country since independence in 1980.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 The new constitution introduced significant reforms, including term limits for the president, devolution of powers, enhanced gender equality provisions, and a strengthened bill of rights.https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/3/19/zimbabwe-votes-in-support-of-new-constitution Zimbabwe votes in support of new constitution Al Jazeera 19 March 2013 November 13, 2025 Background Zimbabwe's post-independence constitutional history has been marked by efforts to replace the Lancaster House Constitution, which was negotiated in 1979 as part of the transition from Rhodesia to Zimbabwe. This document was seen by many as a compromise that preserved colonial-era structures and limited land reform.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 The first major attempt at reform came in the 2000 Zimbabwean constitutional referendum, where a government-proposed draft was rejected by 54 percent of voters amid low turnout (26 percent) and opposition from civil society and the newly formed Movement for Democratic Change (MDC).https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 This rejection was a significant blow to President Robert Mugabe's ZANU–PF party and contributed to a period of political and economic turmoil. The impetus for the 2013 constitution arose from the violent and disputed 2008 Zimbabwean general election, which led to a power-sharing agreement known as the Global Political Agreement (GPA) brokered by the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The GPA, signed in September 2008 by ZANU–PF, MDC–T (led by Morgan Tsvangirai), and MDC–N (led by Welshman Ncube), established a Government of National Unity (GNU) and mandated a new constitution as a prerequisite for future elections.https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 The GNU, intended to last two to three years, extended to nearly five due to delays in the constitutional process.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Drafting process The drafting was overseen by the Parliamentary Select Committee on the New Constitution (COPAC), a 25-member body co-chaired by representatives from the three GPA parties: Douglas Mwonzora (MDC–T), Edward Mkhosi (MDC–N), and Paul Mangwana (ZANU–PF).https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 The process, expected to take 18 months, stretched to nearly four years from 2009 to 2013 due to inter-party disputes, funding issues, and logistical challenges.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 It included outreach meetings across the country, but these were marred by intimidation, violence, and ZANU–PF's efforts to influence discussions on key issues like presidential powers and devolution.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Funding was a major hurdle, with the United Nations Development Programme providing $21 million, about half the budget.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Stalemates arose over devolution, citizenship, diaspora voting, and the electoral system, with ZANU–PF proposing up to 200 amendments.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 SADC mediation helped resolve these, and a final draft was agreed upon on 31 January 2013.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Only 70,000 copies were distributed for over 5 million voters, with inadequate translations and limited access in remote areas.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Women's groups, such as the Group of 20 (G-20), played a crucial role in advocating for gender provisions, supported by UN Women and UNDP.https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2013/4/zimbabweans-say-yes-to-new-constitution-strong-on-gender-equality-and-womens-rights Zimbabweans say yes to new Constitution strong on gender equality and women's rights UN Women 19 April 2013 November 13, 2025 Key provisions The new constitution retained an executive presidency but introduced two five-year term limits (not retroactive, allowing Mugabe to run again).https://www.dw.com/en/thumbs-up-for-new-zimbabwean-constitution/a-16684361 Referendum approved DW 19 March 2013 November 13, 2025 It granted the president powers to appoint ministers, ambassadors, and security chiefs, declare war, and appoint judges, with immunity during office.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 The electoral system mixed first-past-the-post for the 210-seat National Assembly and proportional representation for the 80-seat Senate, with gender alternation on party lists.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Devolution transferred powers to provincial and local councils for better governance and resource sharing.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Security services were required to be neutral and non-partisan.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Land provisions limited compensation to improvements on acquired land.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 Independent commissions, including a National Peace and Reconciliation Commission, were established.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 The new constitution would also reintroduce dual citizenship, which had been abolished in 1984. Gender equality was strengthened with 60 reserved seats for women in the National Assembly and a Zimbabwe Gender Commission.https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2013/4/zimbabweans-say-yes-to-new-constitution-strong-on-gender-equality-and-womens-rights Zimbabweans say yes to new Constitution strong on gender equality and women's rights UN Women 19 April 2013 November 13, 2025 The Declaration of Rights expanded to include protections from violence and torture, freedom of expression, and alignment with international human rights standards.https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/05/new-zimbabwe-constitution-can-usher-new-culture-human-rights/ New Zimbabwe constitution can usher in new culture of human rights Amnesty International 22 May 2013 November 13, 2025https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/3/19/zimbabwe-votes-in-support-of-new-constitution Zimbabwe votes in support of new constitution Al Jazeera 19 March 2013 November 13, 2025 Campaign The campaign was low-key, with all GPA parties urging a yes vote.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 The National Constitutional Assembly (NCA) campaigned against it, arguing the process was flawed.https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 Civil society and women's groups mobilized support, using social media to engage youth.https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 State media bias favoured ZANU–PF narratives around the process, and there were reports of intimidation.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 The short timeframe (six weeks) limited public debate.https://www.dw.com/en/thumbs-up-for-new-zimbabwean-constitution/a-16684361 Referendum approved DW 19 March 2013 November 13, 2025 Referendum process Voting rules were relaxed: no voters' roll was required; a valid ID sufficed, enabling unregistered individuals, including new voters aged 18 since 2008, to participate.https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 This contributed to high turnout but raised concerns about verification.https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 The process was peaceful, with SADC observers deeming it credible, though Western observers were barred.https://www.dw.com/en/thumbs-up-for-new-zimbabwean-constitution/a-16684361 Referendum approved DW 19 March 2013 November 13, 2025 Issues around the voters' roll The absence of a voters' roll requirement was controversial, with the NCA alleging potential rigging through ballot stuffing and coercion in rural areas.https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 Reports emerged of block voting and party officials pre-registering names.https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 Diaspora voting was denied, limiting participation.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 These issues foreshadowed problems in the subsequent general election, where the voters' roll was described as "in shambles."https://mg.co.za/article/2013-07-31-many-fail-to-vote-in-zim-elections-after-voters-roll-shambles/ Zim voters' roll 'in shambles', thousands fail to cast ballots Mail & Guardian 31 July 2013 November 13, 2025 Results The Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) announced results on 19 March 2013: 3,079,966 yes (94.5%), 179,489 no (5.5%), with 56,627 spoilt ballots. Turnout was 59.8%, the highest since independence, with 3,316,082 votes cast.https://www.dw.com/en/thumbs-up-for-new-zimbabwean-constitution/a-16684361 Referendum approved DW 19 March 2013 November 13, 2025https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/default/files/document/files/2022/07/zwreferendumreport2013_0.pdf An analysis of the March 2013 Referendum: A report by the Election Resource Centre Peacemaker.un.org 2013 November 13, 2025 Turnout varied by province, highest in Harare and Mashonaland, lowest in Matabeleland and Bulawayo.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025 3079966 179489 56627 BBC National referendum Yes 3,079,966 #000 #48A5EE No 179,489 #000 #FEBF10 Results by Provincehttps://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/zw/2013/zw-government-gazette-dated-2013-03-26-no-25.pdf Government Gazette Extraordinary 13 November 2025 rowspan="4" 1 Province Yes No Invalid Total votes Votes % Votes % Votes Bulawayo 121,108 92.34 8,514 6.49 1,529 1.17 131,151 Harare 468,176 90.48 41,060 7.93 8,222 1.59 517,458 Manicaland 388,397 92.97 22,586 5.41 6,802 1.63 417,785Mashonaland Central 340,290 95.33 9,703 2.72 6,980 1.96 356,973Mashonaland East 374,045 94.26 15,405 3.88 7,377 1.86 396,827 Mashonaland West 340,597 93.67 17,662 4.86 5,365 1.48 363,624 Masvingo 376,713 93.04 20,717 5.12 7,459 1.84 404,889 Matabeleland North 162,236 91.52 11,663 6.58 3,378 1.91 177,277 Matabeleland South 129,959 91.15 10,040 7.04 2,577 1.81 142,576 Midlands 378,445 92.86 22,139 5.43 6,938 1.70 407,522 Total 3,079,966 92.88 179,489 5.41 56,627 1.71 3,316,082 Results by constituencyhttps://archive.gazettes.africa/archive/zw/2013/zw-government-gazette-dated-2013-03-26-no-25.pdf Government Gazette Extraordinary 13 November 2025 Constituency rowspan="4" 1 Province Yes No Invalid Total votes Votes % Votes % Votes Beitbridge East MBS 12,700 89.81 1,174 8.30 267 1.89 14,141 Beitbridge West MBS 7,883 86.70 922 10.14 287 3.16 9,092 Bikita East MVG 13,032 92.07 827 5.84 295 2.08 14,154 Bikita South MVG 12,430 93.71 634 4.78 201 1.52 13,265 Bikita West MVG 15,243 92.07 1,030 6.22 283 1.71 16,556 Bindura North MSC 27,401 95.17 1,010 3.51 381 1.32 28,792 Bindura South MSC 18,205 95.02 607 3.17 347 1.81 19,159 Binga North MBN 16,550 89.30 1,434 7.74 549 2.96 18,533 Binga South MBN 17,360 91.50 1,212 6.39 400 2.11 18,972 Bubi MBN 13,925 92.35 873 5.79 280 1.86 15,078 Budiriro HRE 21,731 91.00 1,798 7.53 350 1.47 23,879 Buhera Central MCL 16,298 93.93 750 4.32 303 1.75 17,351 Buhera North MCL 13,305 96.16 363 2.62 168 1.21 13,836 Buhera South MCL 18,707 94.57 759 3.84 316 1.60 19,782 Buhera West MCL 16,102 95.26 593 3.51 209 1.24 16,904 Bulawayo Central BYO 18,280 91.88 1,395 7.01 221 1.11 19,896 Bulawayo East BYO 8,886 89.48 904 9.10 141 1.42 9,931 Bulawayo South BYO 8,098 92.79 522 5.98 107 1.23 8,727 Bulilima East MBS 10,711 91.34 821 7.00 194 1.65 11,726 Bulilima West MBS 8,457 89.37 845 8.93 161 1.70 9,463 Chakari MSW 18,117 95.71 507 2.68 305 1.61 18,929 Chegutu East MSW 16,966 94.80 671 3.75 260 1.45 17,897 Chegutu West MSW 15,006 93.00 939 5.82 191 1.18 16,136 Chikomba Central MSE 10,205 91.60 570 5.12 366 3.29 11,141 Chikomba East MSE 9,100 93.90 385 3.97 206 2.13 9,691 Chikomba West MSE 18,591 94.18 813 4.12 335 1.70 19,739 Chimanimani East MCL 15,594 93.19 801 4.79 339 2.03 16,734 Chimanimani West MCL 15,128 94.44 658 4.11 232 1.45 16,018 Chinhoyi MSW 16,913 92.86 1,133 6.22 168 0.92 18,214 Chipinge Central MCL 18,228 91.16 1,298 6.49 469 2.35 19,995 Chipinge East MCL 11,512 91.61 816 6.49 238 1.89 12,566 Chipinge South MCL 12,788 83.15 2,199 14.30 392 2.55 15,379 Chipinge West MCL 11,657 92.00 786 6.20 227 1.79 12,670 Chiredzi East MVG 11,861 89.69 890 6.73 474 3.58 13,225 Chiredzi North MVG 31,101 95.21 879 2.69 684 2.09 32,664 Chiredzi South MVG 9,375 88.24 1,019 9.59 230 2.16 10,624 Chiredzi West MVG 23,347 91.39 1,756 6.87 443 1.73 25,546 Chirumanzu MID 11,631 92.60 679 5.41 251 2.00 12,561 Chirumanzu-Zibagwe MID 17,452 94.58 703 3.81 298 1.61 18,453 Chitungwiza North HRE 15,472 89.83 1,404 8.15 348 2.02 17,224 Chitungwiza South HRE 18,414 90.53 1,634 8.03 292 1.44 20,340 Chivi Central MVG 15,417 92.77 966 5.81 235 1.41 16,618 Chivi North MVG 11,714 92.79 633 5.01 277 2.19 12,624 Chivi South MVG 15,166 91.81 1,048 6.34 304 1.84 16,518 Chiwundura MID 16,779 93.20 979 5.44 245 1.36 18,003 Dangamvura-Chikanga MCL 17,186 92.27 1,268 6.81 172 0.92 18,626 Dzivarasekwa HRE 14,834 90.82 1,283 7.86 216 1.32 16,333 Emakhandeni-Entumbane BYO 8,599 92.74 547 5.90 126 1.36 9,272 Epworth HRE 33,203 90.68 2,666 7.28 746 2.04 36,615 Glen Norah HRE 10,746 90.94 980 8.29 91 0.77 11,817 Glenview North HRE 12,666 90.76 1,135 8.13 154 1.10 13,955 Glenview South HRE 12,178 89.64 1,190 8.76 217 1.60 13,585 Gokwe Central MID 13,017 90.93 1,072 7.49 226 1.58 14,315 Gokwe Chireya MID 17,580 92.89 892 4.71 453 2.39 18,925 Gokwe Gumunyu MID 13,676 94.90 486 3.37 249 1.73 14,411 Gokwe Kabuyuni MID 14,810 90.51 1,207 7.38 345 2.11 16,362 Gokwe Kana MID 12,182 91.93 876 6.61 194 1.46 13,252 Gokwe Mapfungautsi MID 15,403 92.64 956 5.75 267 1.61 16,626 Gokwe Nembudziya MID 15,280 93.71 726 4.45 299 1.83 16,305 Gokwe Sasame MID 13,961 91.33 922 6.03 404 2.64 15,287 Gokwe Sengwa MID 11,405 92.60 742 6.02 170 1.38 12,317 Goromonzi North MSE 15,471 93.19 861 5.19 264 1.62 16,596 Goromonzi South MSE 24,594 92.09 1,561 5.85 551 2.06 26,706 Goromonzi West MSE 17,303 92.13 1,152 6.12 328 1.75 18,783 Guruve North MSC 21,765 95.85 560 2.47 383 1.69 22,708 Guruve South MSC 19,289 95.56 613 3.04 283 1.40 20,185 Gutu Central MVG 11,898 93.16 675 5.29 198 1.55 12,771 Gutu East MVG 10,133 93.49 495 4.57 211 1.95 10,839 Gutu North MVG 8,935 92.52 559 5.79 163 1.69 9,657 Gutu South MVG 10,604 93.48 603 5.32 136 1.20 11,343 Gutu West MVG 14,890 95.23 559 3.58 187 1.20 15,636 Gwanda Central MBS 13,358 92.16 919 6.34 218 1.50 14,495 Gwanda North MBS 8,023 93.80 382 4.47 148 1.73 8,553 Gwanda South MBS 7,729 90.25 701 8.19 134 1.56 8,564 Gweru Urban MID 13,418 92.57 897 6.19 180 1.24 14,495 Harare Central HRE 19,253 90.75 1,723 8.12 240 1.13 21,216 Harare East HRE 21,307 91.67 1,600 6.88 335 1.44 23,242 Harare North HRE 17,300 90.30 1,523 7.95 336 1.75 19,159 Harare South HRE 26,630 91.71 1,562 5.38 845 2.91 29,037 Harare West HRE 14,619 89.84 1,469 9.03 185 1.14 16,273 Hatfield HRE 16,549 90.13 1,582 8.62 230 1.25 18,361 Headlands MCL 14,322 92.57 852 5.51 297 1.92 15,471 Highfield East HRE 14,631 89.69 1,507 9.24 174 1.07 16,312 Highfield West HRE 11,911 90.88 1,037 7.91 158 1.21 13,106 Hurungwe Central MSW 15,765 93.58 886 5.26 195 1.16 16,846 Hurungwe East MSW 16,643 94.28 728 4.12 282 1.60 17,653 Hurungwe North MSW 10,930 92.69 641 5.44 221 1.87 11,792 Hurungwe West MSW 10,383 92.71 647 5.78 170 1.52 11,200 Hwange Central MBN 13,103 91.78 934 6.54 240 1.68 14,277 Hwange East MBN 14,010 92.65 888 5.87 223 1.47 15,121 Hwange West MBN 8,824 90.39 703 7.20 235 2.41 9,762 Insiza North MBS 12,772 91.97 904 6.51 211 1.52 13,887 Insiza South MBS 7,143 93.19 374 4.88 148 1.93 7,665 Kadoma Central MSW 15,078 91.10 1,256 7.59 217 1.31 16,551 Kambuzuma HRE 10,539 91.56 845 7.34 127 1.10 11,511 Kariba MSW 18,226 92.72 1,120 5.70 310 1.58 19,656 Kuwadzana East HRE 11,851 90.56 1,132 8.65 103 0.79 13,086 Kuwadzana HRE 15,428 90.90 1,366 8.05 178 1.05 16,972 Kwekwe Central MID 10,522 92.71 716 6.31 111 0.98 11,349 Lobengula BYO 8,022 93.76 449 5.25 85 0.99 8,556 Lupane East MBN 10,064 90.81 824 7.44 194 1.75 11,082 Lupane West MBN 9,006 92.64 565 5.81 151 1.55 9,722 Luveve BYO 10,726 92.05 816 7.00 110 0.94 11,652 Mabvuku-Tafara HRE 14,559 91.65 1,140 7.18 187 1.18 15,886 Magunje MSW 10,449 91.76 728 6.39 210 1.84 11,387 Magwegwe BYO 6,921 92.82 457 6.13 78 1.05 7,456 Makokoba BYO 9,426 92.25 620 6.07 172 1.68 10,218 Makonde MSW 17,248 94.49 766 4.20 239 1.31 18,253 Makoni Central MCL 14,337 92.36 968 6.24 218 1.40 15,523 Makoni North MCL 12,214 94.89 658 5.11 0 0.00 12,872 Makoni South MCL 15,839 94.07 710 4.22 289 1.72 16,838 Makoni West MCL 10,941 93.75 535 4.58 195 1.67 11,671 Mangwe MBS 10,517 89.42 1,222 10.39 237 0.20 11,976 Maramba Pfungwe MSE 21,783 96.74 253 1.12 480 2.13 22,516 Marondera Central MSE 15,922 91.95 1,121 6.47 273 1.58 17,316 Marondera East MSE 17,033 94.80 616 3.43 319 1.78 17,968 Marondera West MSE 11,420 91.27 651 5.20 442 3.53 12,513 Masvingo Central MVG 11,720 93.88 553 4.43 211 1.69 12,484 Masvingo North MVG 13,937 93.39 704 4.72 283 1.90 14,924 Masvingo South MVG 12,653 92.45 761 5.56 273 1.99 13,687 Masvingo Urban MVG 19,943 91.88 1,540 7.09 223 1.03 21,706 Masvingo West MVG 12,081 93.31 609 4.70 257 1.99 12,947 Matobo North MBS 9,479 92.98 515 5.05 201 1.97 10,195 Matobo South MBS 7,311 94.56 299 3.87 122 1.58 7,732 Mazowe Central MSC 13,154 92.36 776 5.45 312 2.19 14,242 Mazowe North MSC 15,585 94.95 513 3.13 316 1.93 16,414 Mazowe South MSC 15,505 91.38 889 5.24 574 3.38 16,968 Mazowe West MSC 14,520 93.57 605 3.90 392 2.53 15,517 Mbare HRE 28,683 90.51 2,300 7.26 707 2.23 31,690 Mberengwa East MID 9,710 93.04 529 5.07 197 1.89 10,436 Mberengwa North MID 16,279 94.13 691 4.00 324 1.87 17,294 Mberengwa South MID 13,134 94.59 514 3.70 237 1.71 13,885 Mberengwa West MID 9,106 92.80 488 4.97 218 2.22 9,812 Mbire MSC 17,141 93.85 739 4.05 384 2.10 18,264 Mbizo MID 11,081 93.68 611 5.17 136 1.15 11,828 Mhangura MSW 19,704 95.91 585 2.85 255 1.24 20,544 Mhondoro-Mubaira MSW 13,676 91.79 964 6.47 260 1.74 14,900 Mhondoro-Ngezi MSW 16,564 94.92 598 3.43 288 1.65 17,450 Mkoba MID 12,454 93.25 752 5.63 150 1.12 13,356 Mount Darwin East MSC 20,677 97.20 316 1.49 270 1.32 21,263 Mount Darwin North MSC 17,019 96.28 335 1.90 323 1.83 17,677 Mount Darwin South MSC 20,426 96.58 402 1.90 322 1.52 21,150 Mount Darwin West MSC 21,304 96.13 472 2.13 385 1.74 22,161 Mount Pleasant HRE 11,969 88.90 1,362 10.12 133 0.99 13,464 Mudzi North MSE 17,124 94.81 624 3.45 314 1.74 18,062 Mudzi South MSE 15,294 95.55 414 2.59 299 1.87 16,007 Mudzi West MSE 13,695 96.41 208 1.46 302 2.13 14,205 Mufakose HRE 8,623 91.97 634 6.76 119 1.27 9,376 Murewa North MSE 17,160 94.97 665 3.68 238 1.35 18,063 Murewa South MSE 19,114 95.67 549 2.75 316 1.58 19,979 Murewa West MSE 16,075 92.82 838 4.84 406 2.34 17,319 Musikavanhu MCL 9,732 90.26 859 7.97 191 1.77 10,782 Mutare Central MCL 14,302 91.95 1,068 6.87 184 1.18 15,554 Mutare North MCL 19,954 93.47 1,059 4.96 336 1.57 21,349 Mutare South MCL 16,622 92.90 939 5.25 332 1.86 17,893 Mutare West MCL 18,917 93.63 954 4.72 332 1.64 20,203 Mutasa Central MCL 13,820 94.72 610 4.18 160 1.10 14,590 Mutasa North MCL 13,458 94.01 606 4.23 251 1.75 14,315 Mutasa South MCL 15,533 92.42 1,011 6.02 263 1.56 16,807 Mutoko East MSE 14,584 95.99 378 2.49 231 1.52 15,193 Mutoko North MSE 16,944 94.81 568 3.18 359 2.01 17,871 Mutoko South MSE 19,573 95.83 506 2.48 345 1.69 20,424 Muzarabani North MSC 15,068 96.49 234 1.50 314 2.01 15,616 Muzarabani South MSC 18,118 95.60 350 1.85 483 2.55 18,951 Muzvezve MSW 18,357 94.09 875 4.48 278 1.42 19,510 Mwenezi East MVG 19,279 94.38 738 3.61 409 2.00 20,426 Mwenezi West MVG 23,243 95.28 646 2.65 506 2.07 24,395 Nkayi North MBN 9,904 91.03 770 7.08 206 1.89 10,880 Nkayi South MBN 11,041 92.58 707 5.93 178 1.49 11,926 Nketa BYO 10,907 92.14 810 6.84 120 1.01 11,837 Nkulumane BYO 11,792 93.11 742 5.86 130 1.03 12,664 Norton MSW 17,322 92.66 1,157 6.19 216 1.16 18,695 Nyanga North MCL 15,062 93.97 638 3.98 329 2.05 16,029 Nyanga South MCL 16,839 93.41 828 4.59 360 2.00 18,027 Pelandaba-Mpopoma BYO 9,444 92.99 592 5.83 120 1.18 10,156 Pumula BYO 10,007 92.78 660 6.12 119 1.10 10,786 Redcliff MID 13,792 93.20 837 5.66 169 1.14 14,798 Rushinga MSC 23,930 96.27 350 1.41 576 2.32 24,856 Sanyati MSW 12,167 94.10 521 4.03 242 1.87 12,930 Seke MSE 18,928 91.60 1,426 6.90 309 1.50 20,663 Shamva North MSC 18,919 95.34 489 2.46 435 2.19 19,843 Shamva South MSC 22,264 95.94 443 1.91 500 2.15 23,207 Shurugwi North MID 13,968 93.05 856 5.70 187 1.25 15,011 Shurugwi South MID 11,339 94.08 576 4.78 138 1.14 12,053 Silobela MID 14,524 91.77 842 5.32 460 2.91 15,826 Southerton HRE 12,025 90.70 1,058 7.98 175 1.32 13,258 St Mary's HRE 15,974 87.94 1,731 9.53 459 2.53 18,164 Sunningdale HRE 11,509 88.52 1,114 8.57 379 2.91 13,002 Tsholotsho North MBN 9,160 92.10 635 6.38 151 1.52 9,946 Tsholotsho South MBN 9,606 89.32 967 8.99 182 1.69 10,755 Umguza MBN 19,683 92.74 1,151 5.42 389 1.83 21,223 Umzingwane MBS 13,876 91.89 962 6.37 249 1.74 15,087 Uzumba MSE 20,416 97.12 341 1.62 265 1.26 21,022 Vungu MID 10,060 93.30 579 5.37 143 1.33 10,782 Warren Park HRE 15,265 90.58 1,411 8.37 176 1.04 16,852 Wedza North MSE 14,626 94.97 510 3.31 264 1.71 15,400 Wedza South MSE 9,090 94.20 395 4.09 165 1.71 9,650 Zaka Central MVG 14,209 93.25 717 4.71 312 2.05 15,238 Zaka East MVG 10,573 94.57 456 4.08 151 1.35 11,180 Zaka North MVG 13,830 92.58 854 5.72 254 1.70 14,938 Zaka West MVG 10,099 92.45 566 5.18 259 2.37 10,924 Zengeza East HRE 15,465 89.98 1,416 8.24 307 1.79 17,188 Zengeza West HRE 14,842 89.65 1,458 8.81 255 1.54 16,555 Zhombe MID 15,481 91.71 1,018 6.03 381 2.26 16,880 Zvimba East MSW 14,378 92.33 949 6.09 245 1.57 15,572 Zvimba North MSW 16,330 94.82 614 3.57 278 1.61 17,222 Zvimba South MSW 16,017 94.11 722 4.24 280 1.65 17,019 Zvimba West MSW 14,358 94.04 655 4.29 255 1.67 15,268 Zvishavane Ngezi MID 16,810 91.25 1,313 7.13 299 1.62 18,422 Zvishavane Runde MID 13,591 93.87 680 4.70 207 1.43 14,478 Total 3,079,966 92.88 179,489 5.41 56,627 1.71 3,316,082 Votes % Votes % Votes % Total votes Invalid Yes No Aftermath President Mugabe signed the constitution into law on 22 May 2013.https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/05/new-zimbabwe-constitution-can-usher-new-culture-human-rights/ New Zimbabwe constitution can usher in new culture of human rights Amnesty International 22 May 2013 November 13, 2025 Certain provisions of the Constitution (principally the Declaration of Rights and provisions for presidential and parliamentary elections) came into operation on 22 May 2013, when Act 1 of 2013 was published. That date was the “publication day” as defined in paragraph 1 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution. The provisions that came into operation then are set out in paragraph 3 of that Schedule. The rest of the Constitution came into operation on 22 August 2013, when the President was sworn in after the first elections following the Act's assent; this date is the “effective date” as defined in paragraph 1 of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution. Some of the new constitution's clauses, however, would not take effect for 10 years.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/26/zimbabwe-mugabe-constitution-die Zimbabwe's new constitution is waiting for Mugabe to 'pass power - or pass away' Simon Allison 26 March 2013 21 November 2017 Theguardian.com The 2013 elections, where ZANU–PF secured a landslide victory, were conducted in line with the new constitution. However, post-referendum arrests of opposition figures and civil society leaders raised concerns about implementation.https://www.eisa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2013-journal-of-african-elections-v12n1-continuity-reform-zimbabwean-potitics-overview-2013-referendum-eisa.pdf Continuity or Reform in Zimbabwean Politics? An Overview of the 2013 Referendum Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa 2013 November 13, 2025https://www.dw.com/en/thumbs-up-for-new-zimbabwean-constitution/a-16684361 Referendum approved DW 19 March 2013 November 13, 2025 Amnesty International noted the potential for a new human rights culture but called for repealing repressive laws and funding commissions.https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2013/05/new-zimbabwe-constitution-can-usher-new-culture-human-rights/ New Zimbabwe constitution can usher in new culture of human rights Amnesty International 22 May 2013 November 13, 2025 The constitution has since been amended multiple times, including expansions for youth representation and changes to judicial appointments.https://www.veritaszim.net/node/7036 The Zimbabwe Constitution is Eleven Years Old Veritas 25 May 2024 November 13, 2025http://constitutionnet.org/news/clawing-back-gains-popular-participation-first-amendment-constitution-zimbabwe-2013 The First Amendment to the Constitution of Zimbabwe (2013) ConstitutionNet 26 September 2017 November 13, 2025 References Zimbabwe Constitutional Category:Constitutional referendums in Zimbabwe Category:Referendums in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Category:Election and referendum articles with incomplete results