2015 San Bernardino attack

Mass shooting in California, U.S. San Bernardino shooting the school shooting 2017 North Park Elementary School shooting March 2025 November 2025 2015 San Bernardino attack California#USA center San Bernardino Map of California with San Bernardino shown Inland Regional CenterSan Bernardino, California, U.S. 34 04 30 N 117 16 39 W region:US-CA_type:event inline,title Initial shooting site(Initial active-shooter site) 34 04 39 N 117 14 54 W region:US-CA_type:event inline Shootout with police(Final shootout with police) 2015 12 2 Shooting:10:58 – 11:00 a.m. (PST)Police pursuit and shootout:3:08 – 3:14 p.m. PST San Bernardino County employees attending a holiday event Mass shooting mass murder workplace shooting terrorism car chase shootout attempted bombing AR-15 style rifles (DPMS Panther Arms A-15 & Smith & Wesson M&P15) 9mm semi-automatic pistols (Llama Model XI-B & Springfield Armory XD Bi-Tone) Pipe bombsAndrew Blankstein Alastair Jamieson http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernardino-shooters-used-four-guns-explosive-device-atf-n473286 San Bernardino Shooters Used Four Guns, Explosive Device: ATF NBC News December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203150707/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernardino-shooters-used-four-guns-explosive-device-atf-n473286 December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Ashby Jones Dan Frosch https://www.wsj.com/articles/rifles-used-in-san-bernardino-shooting-illegal-under-state-law-1449201057 Rifles Used in San Bernardino Shooting Illegal Under State Law: Weapons were legally purchased with magazine locking devices but altered to make them more powerful, ATF finds The Wall Street Journal December 3, 2015 March 4, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170221091624/https://www.wsj.com/articles/rifles-used-in-san-bernardino-shooting-illegal-under-state-law-1449201057 February 21, 2017 live mdy-all (failed to explode) 16 (including both perpetrators) 24https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-up-to-20-shot-in-san-bernardino-active-shooter-sought-20151202-story.html Richard A. Serrano Paloma Esquivel Richard Winton Authorities identify couple who they believe killed 14 at San Bernardino Christmas party Los Angeles Times December 2, 2015 December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151202214725/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-up-to-20-shot-in-san-bernardino-active-shooter-sought-20151202-story.html December 2, 2015 live mdy-all Police now say 21 people wounded in attack at California social service agency Associated Press December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 http://bigstory.ap.org/article/38459f1fa20c4e6ab8814bd62939f27b/police-now-say-21-people-wounded-attack-california-social https://web.archive.org/web/20151208184351/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/38459f1fa20c4e6ab8814bd62939f27b/police-now-say-21-people-wounded-attack-california-social December 8, 2015 live mdy-all San Bernardino Shooting: 22nd injured victim steps forward, FBI says The Press Enterprise December 10, 2015 December 10, 2015 https://www.pressenterprise.com/2015/12/09/san-bernardino-shooting-22nd-injured-victim-steps-forward-fbi-says/ https://web.archive.org/web/20151215034649/http://www.pe.com/articles/san-788876-shooting-bernardino.html December 15, 2015 live mdy-all Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik Islamic terrorismhttps://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/tashfeen-malik-islamic-state.html F.B.I. Treating San Bernardino Attack as Terrorism Case The New York Times December 4, 2015 July 26, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160724172713/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/tashfeen-malik-islamic-state.html July 24, 2016 live mdy-all subscription Urdu On December 2, 2015, an Islamic terrorist attack, consisting of a mass shooting and an attempted bombing, occurred at the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, United States. The perpetrators, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, a married couple living in the city of Redlands, targeted a San Bernardino County Department of Public Health training event and Christmas party of about 80 employees in a rented banquet room. Fourteen people were killed and 22 others were seriously injured. Farook was a Muslim and an American-born citizen of Pakistani descent, who worked as a health department employee. Malik was a Muslim and Pakistani-born green card holder. After the shooting, the couple fled in a rented Ford Expedition SUV. Four hours later, police pursued their vehicle and killed them in a shootout, which also left two officers injured. According to the FBI's investigation, the perpetrators were "homegrown violent extremists" inspired by foreign terrorist groups. They were not directed by such groups and were not part of any terrorist cell or network. FBI investigators have said that Farook and Malik had become radicalized over several years prior to the attack, consuming "poison on the internet" and expressing a commitment to jihadism and martyrdom in private messages to each other. Farook and Malik had traveled to Saudi Arabia in the years before the attack. The couple had amassed a large stockpile of weapons, ammunition, and bomb-making equipment in their home. Enrique Marquez Jr., a friend and former neighbor of Farook's, was investigated in connection with his purchase of the two rifles used in the attack. Marquez was arrested in December 2015, and later pleaded guilty to federal charges of providing material support for terrorism and making false statements in connection with the acquisition of a firearm. Marquez also admitted that, in 2011, he conspired with Farook to carry out shooting and bombing attacks, plans which were abandoned at the time. Three other people, including Farook's brother and sister-in-law, were arrested for immigration fraud in connection with a sham marriage between Marquez and Mariya Chernykh (the sister-in-law of Farook's brother). All three pleaded guilty. The attack was the deadliest mass shooting in the U.S. since the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shootinghttp://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernardino-shooting-deadliest-newtown-n473086 San Bernardino Shooting is Deadliest Since Newtown Jon Schuppe Elizabeth Chuck Helen Kwong NBC News December 2, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203122139/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernardino-shooting-deadliest-newtown-n473086 December 3, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35006404 San Bernardino shootings investigated as terrorism – FBI BBC News December 4, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204210558/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35006404 December 4, 2015 live mdy-all and the deadliest terrorist attack to occur in the U.S. since the September 11 attacks. It was surpassed by the Orlando nightclub shooting in June 2016.https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-1227-islamic-convention-20151227-story.html San Bernardino shootings cast a somber tone over Muslim conference in Chino Los Angeles Times December 26, 2015 December 28, 2015 Cindy Chang https://web.archive.org/web/20151227210417/http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-1227-islamic-convention-20151227-story.html December 27, 2015 live mdy-all The attack remains the deadliest mass shooting in California since the 1984 San Ysidro McDonald's massacre. Events Before the attack Farook and Malik left their six-month-old daughter with Farook's mother at their Redlands home the morning of the attack, saying they were going to a doctor's appointment.https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/03/san-bernadino-shooting-suspects-syed-rizwan-farook-tashfeen-malik San Bernardino shooting: what we know about the suspects Paul Lewis The Guardian December 3, 2015 December 13, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161123201942/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/03/san-bernadino-shooting-suspects-syed-rizwan-farook-tashfeen-malik November 23, 2016 live mdy-all Turkewitz Julie Mueller Benjamin Couple Kept Tight Lid on Plans for San Bernardino Shooting subscription https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/us/san-bernardino-shooting-syed-rizwan-farook.html December 3, 2015 The New York Times December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204021646/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/us/san-bernardino-shooting-syed-rizwan-farook.html December 4, 2015 live mdy-all Farook, a health inspector for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health, attended a departmental event at the banquet room of the Inland Regional Center.Eli Saslow Stephanie McCrummen https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/wheres-syed-how-the-san-bernardino-shooting-unfolded/2015/12/03/2ee90128-9a15-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html 'Where's Syed?': How the San Bernardino shooting unfolded The Washington Post December 3, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205021239/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/wheres-syed-how-the-san-bernardino-shooting-unfolded/2015/12/03/2ee90128-9a15-11e5-8917-653b65c809eb_story.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all Active shooter reported in San Bernardino, Calif.; authorities say multiple suspects, victims Berman Mark The Washington Post December 2, 2015 December 2, 2015 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/02/police-in-san-bernadino-calif-responding-report-of-shooting https://web.archive.org/web/20151202223101/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/02/police-in-san-bernadino-calif-responding-report-of-shooting/ December 2, 2015 live mdy-all The event began as a semi-annual all-staff meeting and training event, and was in the process of transitioning into a department holiday party/luncheon when the shooting began.Rong-Gong Lin II Richard Winton https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-suspects-sprayed-the-room-with-bullets-20151203-story.html San Bernardino suspects 'sprayed the room with bullets,' police chief says Los Angeles Times December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206025614/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-suspects-sprayed-the-room-with-bullets-20151203-story.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all There were a total of 91 invited guests, with 75–80 people stated to have been in attendance. Farook arrived at the departmental event at about 8:30a.m. and left midway through it at around 10:30a.m., leaving a backpack atop a table.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/05/27/san-bernardino-shooting-autopsy-reports-released-for-dec-2-victims-update-2/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Autopsy reports released for Dec. 2 victims (UPDATE 2) The Press-Enterprise May 27, 2016 May 29, 2016 Joe Nelson https://web.archive.org/web/20160529111807/http://www.pe.com/articles/bernardino-804074-san-county.html May 29, 2016 live mdy-all Coworkers reported that Farook had been quiet for the duration of the event,https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-syed-farook-had-traveled-to-saudi-arabia-married-appeared-to-live-american-dream-co-workers-say-20151202-story.html San Bernardino shooting suspect traveled to Saudi Arabia, was married, appeared to be living 'American Dream,' co-workers say Los Angeles Times December 2, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203081651/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-syed-farook-had-traveled-to-saudi-arabia-married-appeared-to-live-american-dream-co-workers-say-20151202-story.html December 3, 2015 live mdy-all and that he had been looking at his phone before his departure. He posed for photos with other coworkers.Whitcomb Dan Public asked to help close 18-minute gap in San Bernardino probe https://news.yahoo.com/public-asked-help-close-18-minute-gap-san-230303288.html January 5, 2016 January 5, 2016 Yahoo! News Reuters https://web.archive.org/web/20160113070008/http://news.yahoo.com/public-asked-help-close-18-minute-gap-san-230303288.html January 13, 2016 live mdy-all KPCC Staff San Bernardino shooting update: 2 suspects ID'd as Syed Farook and Tashfeen Malik http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/02/55997/multiple-victims-reported-in-san-bernardino-shooti/ December 3, 2015 KPCC December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208194834/http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/02/55997/multiple-victims-reported-in-san-bernardino-shooti/ December 8, 2015 live mdy-all http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html Officials: San Bernardino shooter appears radicalized Greg Botelho Kyung Lah Ben Brumfield December 3, 2015 CNN December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203170209/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Inland Regional Center attack right|thumb| ABldg#2 BInjured people treated CSchool for the blind where some took shelter while awaiting hospital treatment. The Conference Center – Site where shooting happened. Shortly before 11:00a.m., the event went on an unscheduled break due to a technical problem. At 10:58a.m. PST, Farook and Malik, armed with semi-automatic pistols and rifles, opened fire outside the building, killing two people. Farook entered the building a minute later, firing on those in attendance. He was followed quickly by Malik.Two Suspects Dead, Including a Woman https://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/two-suspects-dead-including-a-woman The New York Times December 2, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206072007/http://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/two-suspects-dead-including-a-woman/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/suspects-in-san-bernadino-shooting-had-a-small-arsenal/2015/12/03/9b5d7b52-99db-11e5-94f0-9eeaff906ef3_story.html Guns used in San Bernardino shooting were purchased legally from dealers The Washington Post December 3, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205121703/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/suspects-in-san-bernadino-shooting-had-a-small-arsenal/2015/12/03/9b5d7b52-99db-11e5-94f0-9eeaff906ef3_story.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all Daly Michael December 4, 2015 http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/12/04/san-bernardino-the-most-twisted-terrorist-plot-yet.html San Bernardino: The Most Twisted Terrorist Plot Yet The Daily Beast December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151207094742/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/12/04/san-bernardino-the-most-twisted-terrorist-plot-yet.html December 7, 2015 live mdy-all They wore ski masks and black tactical gear (including load bearing vests holding magazines and ammunition), but not ballistic or bulletproof vests.Camila Domonoske https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/03/458277103/san-bernardino-shootings-what-we-know-one-day-after San Bernardino Shootings: What We Know, One Day After NPR December 5, 2015 April 4, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180407142018/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/03/458277103/san-bernardino-shootings-what-we-know-one-day-after April 7, 2018 live mdy-all The entire shooting took two or three minutes, during which the shooters fired more than 100 bullets before fleeing.http://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0808-pub Bringing Calm to Chaos Police Foundation September 9, 2016 September 9, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160914223838/http://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0808-pub September 14, 2016 usurped mdy-all One year after the San Bernardino attack, police offer a possible motive https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/12/02/one-year-after-san-bernardino-police-offer-a-possible-motive-as-questions-still-linger/ During the shooting, many of those in attendance managed to escape the room and flee deeper into the building, while those who remained hid underneath tables or in bathrooms, closets, and cupboards. A bullet hit a fire sprinkler pipe, causing water to pour down the banquet room, making it difficult to see. The perpetrators moved between tables, shooting anyone who moved or made a sound. One person was struck by a bullet that tore through an interior wall, while another was shot while trying to escape through a glass door near where the shooters had entered. Three men attempted to stop one of the shooters, but all were shot; it was unclear if any of them survived. One victim was killed while shielding a coworker with his body. Some initially mistook the attack as an active shooter drill; as some previous active shooter drills had taken place in the same banquet room.https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/10/us/it-finally-clicked-that-this-wasnt-an-exercise-report-recounts-san-bernardino-shooting.html subscription 'It Finally Clicked That This Wasn't an Exercise': Report Recounts San Bernardino Shooting The New York Times September 9, 2016 September 9, 2016 Richard Pérez-Peña Adam Goldman https://web.archive.org/web/20160910004731/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/10/us/it-finally-clicked-that-this-wasnt-an-exercise-report-recounts-san-bernardino-shooting.html September 10, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504025469/san-bernardino-shootings-signs-have-faded-but-memories-remain-piercing San Bernardino Shooting's Signs Have Faded, But Memories Remain Piercing NPR December 2, 2016 December 2, 2016 Nathan Rott https://web.archive.org/web/20161202112441/http://www.npr.org/2016/12/02/504025469/san-bernardino-shootings-signs-have-faded-but-memories-remain-piercing December 2, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-san-bernardino-terror--20160909-snap-story.html 'The worst thing imaginable:' Bodies and blood everywhere after San Bernardino terrorist attack, DOJ report shows Los Angeles Times September 9, 2016 September 9, 2016 Joe Mozingo https://web.archive.org/web/20160910002742/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-san-bernardino-terror--20160909-snap-story.html September 10, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.foxnews.com/us/three-men-tried-to-stop-san-bernardino-attack-report-finds Three men tried to stop San Bernardino attack, report finds Fox News Channel Associated Press September 10, 2016 September 10, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160910045427/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/09/10/three-men-tried-to-stop-san-bernardino-attack-report-finds.html September 10, 2016 live mdy-all An unidentified source told an NPR journalist that witnesses appeared to recognize Farook by his voice and build.Dean Hopkins Christopher Laura Wagner Police Identify Suspects Killed After Deadly San Bernardino Shooting https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/02/458196942/active-shooter-situation-reported-in-san-bernardino-calif December 3, 2015 NPR December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203101614/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/02/458196942/active-shooter-situation-reported-in-san-bernardino-calif December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Other witnesses easily identified one of the shooters as a female because of her build and clothes. Sources reported that Malik pledged bay'ah (allegiance) to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), on a Facebook account associated with her as the attack was underway.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-isis-idUSKBN0TN1SR20151204 FBI investigating California massacre as 'act of terrorism' Reuters December 4, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204161411/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-isis-idUSKBN0TN1SR20151204 December 4, 2015 live mdy-all Michael S. Schmidt Richard Pérez-Peña https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/tashfeen-malik-islamic-state.html subscription F.B.I. Treating San Bernardino Attack as Terrorism Case The New York Times December 4, 2015 March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170206212323/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/tashfeen-malik-islamic-state.html February 6, 2017 live mdy-all Later reports described the posting as being made on behalf of both shooters.Officials: San Bernardino shooters pledged allegiance to the Islamic State http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-san-bernardino-shooting-20151208-story.html Chicago Tribune December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209114336/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-san-bernardino-shooting-20151208-story.html December 9, 2015 live mdy-all The perpetrators left three explosive devices connected to one another at the Inland Regional Center, contained inside the backpack left by Farook during the departmental event. The devices were described as pipe bombs constructed with Christmas lights and tied together, combined with a remote controlled car that was switched on. The poorly constructed devices failed to explode.http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/san-bernardino-shooting-aftermath-bomb-was-poorly-built-law-enforcement-sources-tell-ap-1.11388607 AP sources: Bomb in San Bernardino attack was poorly built Newsday Associated Press January 25, 2016 January 25, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160126001117/http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/san-bernardino-shooting-aftermath-bomb-was-poorly-built-law-enforcement-sources-tell-ap-1.11388607 January 26, 2016 dead mdy-all Suspects in California Massacre Could Have Terror Links http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernadino-shooting-suspects-left-baby-daughter-grandma-n473261 NBC News December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203201745/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernadino-shooting-suspects-left-baby-daughter-grandma-n473261 December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Melissa Chan https://time.com/4135215/san-bernardino-remote-bomb/ San Bernardino Suspects Left Behind Failed Remote-Controlled Bomb Time December 3, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204032952/http://time.com/4135215/san-bernardino-remote-bomb/ December 4, 2015 live mdy-all Authorities believe that the pipe bombs were meant to target the emergency personnel responding to the scene.Winton Richard Serrano Richard A. Knoll Corina San Bernardino shooting: Attackers may have left bomb behind to kill police https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-attackers-bomb-mainbar-20151208-story.html Los Angeles Times December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208214428/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-attackers-bomb-mainbar-20151208-story.html December 8, 2015 live mdy-all The device was hidden inside a canvas bag, and its build was similar to schematics published in al Qaeda's Inspire magazine. Coworkers noticed the bag before the attack occurred, but thought that Farook would return for it and therefore did not investigate it. Police response It took 3 minutes and 32 seconds for the first police unit to respond to the shooting following the initial 9-1-1 emergency call. Two police officers with the San Bernardino Police Department (SBPD) arrived almost simultaneously at 11:04a.m. When two other SBPD officers arrived two minutes later, the four officers entered the building through the southeast side and began to search for shooters. Another team of four officers (one from SBPD and the others from the Fontana Police Department) entered the building from the northern side and joined the first team in clearing all of the first-floor rooms. At 11:14a.m., the San Bernardino Fire Department made a Twitter post (or Tweet) about an emergency on the 1300 block of Waterman Avenue, with the police working to clear the scene.672131690978906112 SBCityFire SBFD units responding to reports of 20 victim shooting incident in 1300 block of S. Waterman. SBPD is working to clear the scene. San Bernardino Fire Department December 2, 2015 https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/authorities-respond-report-shooting-san-bernardino-california-n472976 Authorities Respond to Report of Shooting in San Bernardino, California December 2, 2015 NBC News Siemaszko Corey December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151202193953/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/authorities-respond-report-shooting-san-bernardino-california-n472976 December 2, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-idUSKBN0TL2F120151202 Reports of 20 victims wounded in shooting in San Bernardino, California December 2, 2015 Reuters Whitcomb Dan December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151202195103/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/12/02/us-california-shooting-idUSKBN0TL2F120151202 December 2, 2015 live mdy-all http://www.ktvu.com/news/55237712-story Up to 20 victims reported at active shooting in San Bernardino December 2, 2015 KTVU December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203004200/http://www.ktvu.com/news/55237712-story December 3, 2015 dead mdy-all Roads in the area were closed to traffic.http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Multiple-Victims-Reported-in-San-Bernardino-Shooting-360080371.html 14 Killed in SoCal Massacre, 2 Suspected Shooters Dead Avila Willian Iannetta Gabriella December 2, 2015 NBC Southern California December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151202205740/http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Multiple-Victims-Reported-in-San-Bernardino-Shooting-360080371.html December 2, 2015 live mdy-all The San Bernardino SWAT team happened to be conducting its monthly training exercise a few miles away from the scene at the time of the attack, which allowed them to arrive at the scene within eleven minutes.Jim Carleton https://www.wsj.com/articles/san-bernardino-police-chief-credits-training-luck-1449413689 San Bernardino Police Chief Credits Training, Luck The Wall Street Journal December 6, 2015 March 4, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20160503005259/http://www.wsj.com/articles/san-bernardino-police-chief-credits-training-luck-1449413689 May 3, 2016 live mdy-all Police used a battering ram to get into the complex.Whitcomb Dan Three deaths reported, up to 20 wounded in San Bernardino, California shooting https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-idUSKBN0TL2F120151202 Reuters December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151202195103/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/12/02/us-california-shooting-idUSKBN0TL2F120151202 December 2, 2015 live mdy-all The first floor was cleared by 11:17a.m., and a secondary sweep of the building began fourteen minutes later. As officers searched for shooters inside the building, others aided the wounded. Probation officers initially set up a makeshift triage center near the entrance of the building, but deemed it to be too close and relocated it across the street by 11:15a.m. Because survivors were soaked from water pouring from the fire sprinkler pipe, they became slippery for officers to hold. Injured victims were carried out on blankets and chairs, as litters and tactical stretchers were unavailable at the time. An SBPD tactical medic supervised the extraction operation. It took 57 minutes to get the last of the injured to a hospital. Ultimately, about 300 officers and agents from city, county, state, and federal agencies responded to the active-shooter event, converging on the scene as people were being evacuated.20 victims reportedly wounded in San Bernardino, Calif., shooting http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/mass-shooting-san-bernardino-california-1.3347432 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203024616/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/mass-shooting-san-bernardino-california-1.3347432 December 3, 2015 live mdy-all The FBI, the ATF, and the Los Angeles Police Department counter-terrorism unit were called in to assist.Rosenfeld Everett https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/02/authorities-responding-to-reports-of-mass-shooting-in-san-bernardino-california-nbc-los-angeles.html NBC News reports identity of suspected San Bernardino attacker CNBC December 2, 2015 December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151202223127/http://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/02/authorities-responding-to-reports-of-mass-shooting-in-san-bernardino-california-nbc-los-angeles.html December 2, 2015 live mdy-all Authorities ID 2 suspects in San Bernardino attack that killed 14 https://abc7news.com/san-bernardino-shooting-suspect-syed-rizwan-farook-female-shooter-tashfeen-malik-mass/1106857/ ABC7 News December 3, 2015 5 April 2021 Police were on the lookout for a black SUV used by the perpetrators to flee the scene.Police: At least 14 people killed, 14 others injured in mass shooting in San Bernardino, Calif. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/02/police-in-san-bernadino-calif-responding-report-of-shooting/ The Washington Post December 2, 2015 December 2, 2015 0190-8286 Mark Berman Elahe Izadi Wesley Lowery https://web.archive.org/web/20151202223101/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/02/police-in-san-bernadino-calif-responding-report-of-shooting/ December 2, 2015 live mdy-all At 5:08p.m., the explosive devices placed by Farook were discovered by an FBI SWAT officer. They were later detonated individually by a bomb squad, with the last detonation occurring at 8:37p.m.Amanda Lee Myers Justin Pritchard http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/dec/02/california-police-respond-to-report-of-active/ 14 dead, 17 wounded in California shooting; 2 suspects dead Associated Press U-T San Diego December 2, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208083744/http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/dec/02/california-police-respond-to-report-of-active/ December 8, 2015 live mdy-all Earlier, at 11:33a.m., an abandoned roller luggage bag was found in a second-floor office and mistaken for a suspicious device, but was deemed safe by 2:22p.m. The Inland Regional Center was declared clear by authorities at 9:29p.m. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security sent a Pilatus PC-12 surveillance aircraft to the area, which circled the skies above San Bernardino for hours, mainly in the area where the shooting took place and in areas under investigation by police, and departed after the shootout between the perpetrators and police.Glawe Justin At Least 14 People Are Dead and More Wounded in a California Mass Shooting https://www.vice.com/en/article/multiple-victims-in-san-bernardino-california-mass-shooting/ December 3, 2015 Vice December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204054109/http://www.vice.com/read/multiple-victims-in-san-bernardino-california-mass-shooting December 4, 2015 live mdy-all Farooq Saeed: Possible San Bernardino Shooting Suspect http://www.inquisitr.com/2605302/farooq-saeed-possible-san-bernardino-shooting-suspect-identified-by-news-outlets-police-manhunt-continues/ December 3, 2015 The Inquisitr December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203032956/http://www.inquisitr.com/2605302/farooq-saeed-possible-san-bernardino-shooting-suspect-identified-by-news-outlets-police-manhunt-continues/ December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Car pursuit and shootout thumb|right|The shootout occurred on the south side of San Bernardino Avenue just east of Sheddon Drive; the red "A" marks the location of the Inland Regional Center. Law enforcement began a search for the suspects. A witness gave Farook's name to police, who quickly learned that he had rented a black Ford Expedition EL SUV with Utah license plates four days before the attack.Christine Hauser https://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/police-21-wounded-12-pipe-bombs-discovered/ Police: 21 Wounded, 12 Pipe Bombs Discovered The New York Times December 3, 2015 March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20160320075618/http://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/police-21-wounded-12-pipe-bombs-discovered/ March 20, 2016 live mdy-all SUV in San Bernardino shooting had Utah tags, was rented in California December 2, 2015 http://fox13now.com/2015/12/02/officials-at-least-20-victims-in-san-bernardino-mass-shooting/ Fox 13 Salt Lake City December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206140204/http://fox13now.com/2015/12/02/officials-at-least-20-victims-in-san-bernardino-mass-shooting/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all Based on information provided by one of Farook's neighbors, two plainclothes investigators went to the perpetrators' Redlands home on North Center Street for surveillance shortly before 3:00p.m., about four hours after the initial attack at the Inland Regional Center had begun. They spotted Farook's vehicle leaving the residence and gave chase onto the freeway at 3:08:19p.m.14 people killed in shooting at Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino December 3, 2015 http://abc7.com/news/12-killed-in-shooting-at-san-bernardino-social-services-facility/1106844 ABC7 Los Angeles December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203003905/http://abc7.com/news/12-killed-in-shooting-at-san-bernardino-social-services-facility/1106844/ December 3, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/05/31/san-bernardino-shooting-horror-of-dec-2-attack-remains-with-rescuers/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Horror of Dec. 2 attack remains with rescuers The Press-Enterprise May 27, 2016 May 29, 2016 Suzanne Hurt https://web.archive.org/web/20160529061655/http://www.pe.com/articles/san-804078-bernardino-officers.html May 29, 2016 live mdy-all Officers from other agencies joined the pursuit shortly afterward. At least one fake explosivea metal pipe stuffed with cloth made to resemble a pipe bombwas thrown at the police during the pursuit. The SUV exited the freeway onto North Tippecanoe Avenue and briefly stopped at a stoplight, where a pursuing officer observed the perpetrators putting on tactical vests and equipping themselves with rifles. The SUV then continued onward onto East San Bernardino Avenue and entered a suburban area, where the shooter in the backseat, identified as Malik, began firing at police through the back window at 3:08:43p.m. thumb|The shooters' Ford Expedition SUV, involved in the shootout Released by the San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department Eventually, at 3:09:22p.m., the SUV stopped in a neighborhood about 1.7 mi km away from the scene of the initial attack. The couple continued to exchange fire with police from inside their vehicle. Malik opened the side passenger door and shot at the first police vehicle, which was about 210 ft m away from the SUV. Farook exited the driver's front door, stood between the two open doors, and opened fire on the same vehicle. As more officers converged, Farook walked across the street towards some homes while continuing to fire, pinning officers behind their squad cars. He intended to flank the sheriff's deputy who had first stopped. Realizing this, several officers repositioned themselves and focused their gunfire on Farook. One police officer eventually shot Farook in the right side, allowing others to flank and shoot at him. Farook fell to the ground, shot several times in the legs and upper body. He fired at the police once with a handgun as he lay wounded on the ground, injuring an officer before the gun malfunctioned. Farook was shot again several times and killed. His body was handcuffed and positioned to lie face-down afterwards. Officers then fired on the SUV as Malik continued to shoot at them. During this exchange of gunfire, a second police officer was wounded. Using a police cruiser as cover, officers fired into the back of the SUV while rescuing the wounded officer and a second one. At 3:14:53p.m., Malik was killed by several bullets that struck her in the body and head. The gunfire lasted for around five minutes before both perpetrators were killed.December 3, 2015 http://abc7.com/news/2-suspects-in-san-bernardino-mass-shooting-identified/1107640/ Suspects in San Bernardino mass shooting identified as Syed Farook and Tashfeen Malik ABC7 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204075202/http://abc7.com/news/2-suspects-in-san-bernardino-mass-shooting-identified/1107640/ December 4, 2015 live mdy-all http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/12/us/beyond-the-call-of-duty-andy-capps/ Gunfire, a text and a tear: A hero behind the San Bernardino shootout CNN February 12, 2016 February 12, 2016 Kyung Lah Jason Kravarik https://web.archive.org/web/20160213092610/http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/12/us/beyond-the-call-of-duty-andy-capps/ February 13, 2016 live mdy-all Police used BearCat armored personnel carriers in confronting the shooters.Caitlin Conrad http://www.ksbw.com/news/controversial-military-style-police-vehicles-in-demand-during-san-bernardino-attack/36786868 Controversial military style police vehicles in demand during San Bernardino attack KSBW December 4, 2015 December 7, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208134625/http://www.ksbw.com/news/controversial-military-style-police-vehicles-in-demand-during-san-bernardino-attack/36786868 December 8, 2015 live mdy-all Because authorities feared that the vehicle could contain explosives, the "Rook"—a motorized battering ram with a protective shield—was used to investigate the SUV. The sheriff's department confirmed that a man and a woman were killed.San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department sbcountysheriff 672228500699394049 December 2, 2015 Two suspects confirmed dead. 1 male & 1 female. The vehicle was cleared of any explosive devices. December 2, 2015 Seven police agencies were involved in the final shootout, with 23 officers firing a combined total of at least 440 rounds. The perpetrators fired at least 81 rounds. During the shootout, police asked residents to stay indoors.https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/san-bernardino-sheriffs-department-advises-residents-stay-indoors-35543757 San Bernardino Sheriff's Department Advises Residents to Stay Indoors ABC News December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203132907/https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/san-bernardino-sheriffs-department-advises-residents-stay-indoors-35543757 December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Ariel Zambelich Dana Farrington https://www.npr.org/2015/12/03/458238271/photos-scenes-from-san-bernardino-calif PHOTOS: Scenes From San Bernardino, Calif. NPR December 3, 2015 April 4, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20161112153439/http://www.npr.org/2015/12/03/458238271/photos-scenes-from-san-bernardino-calif November 12, 2016 live mdy-all Nearly 2,500 rounds of .223-caliber and 9mm ammunition were recovered from the vehicle, along with medical supplies and a trigger apparatus believed to be for the explosives left behind at the Inland Regional Center. Farook was struck 25 times, Malik was struck 15 times. Victims + Dead Name Age Robert Adams 40 Isaac Amanios 60 Bennetta Betbadal 46 Harry Bowman 46 Sierra Clayborn 27 Juan Espinoza 50 Aurora Godoy 26 Shannon Johnson 45 Larry Daniel Kaufman 42 Damian Meins 58 Tin Nguyen 31 Nicholas Thalasinos 52 Yvette Velasco 27 Michael Wetzel 37 Fatalities In the Inland Regional Center attack, 14 civilians were killed.Rosenfeld Everette Upwards of 14 people dead in San Bernardino mass shooting: Police department chief https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/02/authorities-responding-to-reports-of-mass-shooting-in-san-bernardino-california-nbc-los-angeles.html CNBC December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151202223127/http://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/02/authorities-responding-to-reports-of-mass-shooting-in-san-bernardino-california-nbc-los-angeles.html December 2, 2015 live mdy-all Myers Amanda 14 dead, more than a dozen wounded in California shooting http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e5660a0b4ae1436fb2c51354cef8f6db/california-police-respond-report-active-shooter Associated Press December 2, 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20151203021542/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/e5660a0b4ae1436fb2c51354cef8f6db/california-police-respond-report-active-shooter December 3, 2015 They ranged in age from 26 to 60. Nine were residents of San Bernardino County, five from nearby Riverside, Los Angeles, and Orange counties. Three (Isaac Amanios, Bennetta Betbadal, and Tin Nguyen‍) were refugees from Eritrea, Iran, and Vietnam, respectively.Poston Ben Hamilton Matt Nelson Laura J. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html San Bernardino shooting victims: Who they were Los Angeles Times December 5, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204163948/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html December 4, 2015 live mdy-all Thirteen were county employees;https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shootings-victims/index.html San Bernardino shooting: Who were the victims? Faith Karimi December 5, 2015 December 6, 2015 CNN https://web.archive.org/web/20151206011649/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shootings-victims/index.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all ten were environmental health inspectors, comprising about a quarter of that department's workforce. https://ohsonline.com/articles/2015/12/04/ten-killed-in-san-bernardino-were-environmental-health-specialists.aspx?admgarea=news Ten Killed in San Bernardino Were Environmental Health Specialists Occupational Health and Safety Magazine December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141934/https://ohsonline.com/articles/2015/12/04/ten-killed-in-san-bernardino-were-environmental-health-specialists.aspx?admgarea=news December 8, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/06/01/san-bernardino-shooting-county-recovering-slowly-but-steadily-six-months-after-attack/ SAN BERNARDINO MASS SHOOTING: County recovering slowly but steadily six months after attack The Press-Enterprise May 29, 2016 May 30, 2016 Joe Nelson https://web.archive.org/web/20160601133724/http://www.pe.com/articles/county-804246-health-services.html June 1, 2016 live mdy-all According to autopsy reports released on May 27, 2016, all died from multiple gunshot wounds, mostly to their backs. Twelve died almost immediately. Shannon Johnson and Bennetta Betbadal later died at a makeshift triage center across the street from the Inland Regional Center.https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-attack-autopsies-20160527-snap-story.html Coroner releases autopsies of San Bernardino terror victims: 'The room was in disarray' Los Angeles Times May 27, 2016 May 29, 2016 Sarah Parvini Joseph Serna https://web.archive.org/web/20160529112313/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-attack-autopsies-20160527-snap-story.html May 29, 2016 live mdy-all http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/05/27/61062/san-bernardino-mass-shooting-victim-autopsies-rele/ San Bernardino mass shooting victim autopsies released, reveal terror attack details KPCC May 27, 2016 May 29, 2016 Amanda Lee Myers Southern California Public Radio https://web.archive.org/web/20160528125912/http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/05/27/61062/san-bernardino-mass-shooting-victim-autopsies-rele/ May 28, 2016 live mdy-all Injured The attack injured 22 civilians, some seriously. Several were hospitalized about 15 minutes after leaving the building. Five went to nearby Loma Linda University Medical CenterAuthorities Respond to 20-victim Shooting Incident in San Bernardino Fire Department http://ktla.com/2015/12/02/authorities-respond-to-20-victim-shooting-incident-in-san-bernardino-fire-dept Bloom Tracy Melissa Pamer John A. Moreno Chambers Rick December 2, 2015 KTLA 5 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203001007/http://ktla.com/2015/12/02/authorities-respond-to-20-victim-shooting-incident-in-san-bernardino-fire-dept/ December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Loma Linda University Medical Center is the only Level I trauma center in the region. and six to Arrowhead Regional Medical Center.https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-respond-reports-active-shooter-san-bernardino/story?id=35535995 San Bernardino Shooting: At Least 14 Dead in California, Suspect Hit in Shootout Keneally Meghan December 2, 2015 ABC News December 2, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203122803/https://abcnews.go.com/US/police-respond-reports-active-shooter-san-bernardino/story?id=35535995 December 3, 2015 live mdy-all The 22nd injured victim didn't realize at first that she was injured, and later checked herself into a hospital.https://abcnews.go.com/US/fbi-searching-california-lake-connection-san-bernardino-shooting/story?id=35700346 FBI Searching California Lake in Connection to San Bernardino Shooting Margolin Josh December 10, 2015 ABC News December 10, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151210221810/https://abcnews.go.com/US/fbi-searching-california-lake-connection-san-bernardino-shooting/story?id=35700346 December 10, 2015 live mdy-all The last discharged was from Loma Linda on March 3, 2016.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/03/04/san-bernardino-shooting-last-of-those-wounded-in-terrorist-attack-goes-home/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Last of those wounded in terrorist attack goes home The Press-Enterprise March 3, 2016 March 6, 2016 Brian Rokos Alejandra Molina https://web.archive.org/web/20160305114024/http://www.pe.com/articles/patient-796087-last-wounded.html March 5, 2016 live mdy-all One police officer was shot during the gunfight,https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shooting.html subscription San Bernardino Shooting Kills at Least 14; Two Suspects Are Dead December 3, 2015 The New York Times March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170302220956/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/03/us/san-bernardino-shooting.html March 2, 2017 live mdy-all San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department sbcountysheriff 672204909924605952 December 2, 2015 Update: an officer working the #ActiveShooter was struck non life threatening injuries #SanBernardino and one was injured by flying glass or shrapnel.Ashley Soley-Cerro Steve Kuzj Melissa Pamer http://ktla.com/2015/12/03/san-bernardino-shooting-suspects-were-reportedly-married-motive-sought/ Majority of San Bernardino Shooters' Victims Were County Employees: Police Chief KTLA December 3, 2015 December 18, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151212075819/http://ktla.com/2015/12/03/san-bernardino-shooting-suspects-were-reportedly-married-motive-sought/ December 12, 2015 live mdy-all Both were struck in the thigh; one realized he was hit thirteen hours later. Investigation Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik After the attack, police identified married couple Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik as the perpetrators.http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/02/multiple-victims-reported-shot-in-san-bernardino/ 2 Suspects Named In Shootings That Killed 14, Wounded 17 In San Bernardino CBS News December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208060047/http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/02/multiple-victims-reported-shot-in-san-bernardino/ December 8, 2015 live mdy-all They used two illegally transferredhttps://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/california-man-charged-conspiring-provide-material-support-terrorism-and-being-straw California Man Charged with Conspiring to Provide Material Support to Terrorism and Being 'Straw Purchaser' of Assault Rifles Ultimately Used in San Bernardino, California, Attack US Department of Justice December 17, 2015 December 19, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151219234252/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/california-man-charged-conspiring-provide-material-support-terrorism-and-being-straw December 19, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/california-gun-laws-san-bernardino_56606dd8e4b079b2818d7034 Why California's Strict Gun Laws Didn't Matter In San Bernardino HuffPost December 3, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205090628/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/california-gun-laws-san-bernardino_56606dd8e4b079b2818d7034 December 5, 2015 live mdy-all .223-caliber semi-automatic rifles which had been modified to defeat California's magazine release requirements,https://www.thetrace.org/2015/12/san-bernardino-shooting-high-capacity-magazine-clips/ Were the San Bernardino Shooters' Assault Rifles Modified to Thwart California Gun Laws? 2015-12-03 The Trace 2018-02-28 en-US https://web.archive.org/web/20180228161904/https://www.thetrace.org/2015/12/san-bernardino-shooting-high-capacity-magazine-clips/ February 28, 2018 live mdy-all two 9 mm caliber semi-automatic pistols, and an improvised explosive device in the attack.San Bernardino Suspects Left Trail of Clues, but No Clear Motive subscription https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/us/san-bernardino-shooting.html The New York Times December 3, 2015 Jennifer Medina Richard Pérez-Peña Michael S. Schmidt Laurie Goodstein December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203144254/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/us/san-bernardino-shooting.html December 3, 2015 live mdy-all Neither shooter had a criminal record,Patrick McGreevy https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-san-bernardino-gun-control-20151204-story.html California lawmakers revive gun control ideas after San Bernardino attack Los Angeles Times December 4, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206144618/http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-san-bernardino-gun-control-20151204-story.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all and neither was on Terrorist Screening Database lists.https://www.voanews.com/a/california-mass-shooting/3085687.html Police: Married California Shooters Were Heavily Armed VOA News December 3, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151207093001/http://www.voanews.com/content/california-mass-shooting/3085687.html December 7, 2015 live mdy-all The New York Times reported that "by all accounts so far, the government had no concrete intelligence warning of the assault," although the federal government has long feared "homegrown, self-radicalized individuals operating undetected before striking one of many soft targets" in the United States.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/06/us/politics/california-attack-has-us-rethinking-strategy-on-homegrown-terror.html subscription California Attack Has U.S. Rethinking Strategy on Homegrown Terror The New York Times December 5, 2015 Peter Baker Eric Schmitt March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170305143305/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/06/us/politics/california-attack-has-us-rethinking-strategy-on-homegrown-terror.html March 5, 2017 live mdy-all On December 3, 2015, the FBI took over as the leading federal law enforcement agency on the case,FBI takes over San Bernardino investigation as Obama says it is 'possible' it was terrorism https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/03/fbi-takes-over-san-bernardino-investigation-as-authorities-seek-motive-for-attack-that-killed-14-people/ The Washington Post December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204000122/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/03/fbi-takes-over-san-bernardino-investigation-as-authorities-seek-motive-for-attack-that-killed-14-people/ December 4, 2015 live mdy-all treating the probe as a counter-terrorism investigation.Botelho Greg Ellis Ralph http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/04/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html San Bernardino shooting investigated as 'act of terrorism' CNN December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204230857/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/04/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html December 4, 2015 live mdy-all The FBI conducted a "massive" investigation, and by December 7, 2015, had already conducted about 400 interviews and collected about 320 pieces of evidence.Richard A. Serrano Richard Winton Joseph Tanfani Sarah Parvini San Bernardino shooters had been radicalized 'for some time,' went to shooting ranges before attack https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shootings-fbi-raid-20151207-story.html Los Angeles Times December 7, 2015 December 7, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151207164511/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shootings-fbi-raid-20151207-story.html December 7, 2015 live mdy-all Adam Nagourney https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/06/us/politics/california-attack-has-us-rethinking-strategy-on-homegrown-terror.html F.B.I. Says San Bernardino Assailants Were 'Radicalized' The New York Times December 6, 2015 March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170305143305/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/06/us/politics/california-attack-has-us-rethinking-strategy-on-homegrown-terror.html March 5, 2017 live mdy-all On January 5, 2016, the FBI began investigating what the perpetrators' activities were during an 18-minute period from 12:59p.m. to 1:17p.m. on the day of the shooting, and they appealed to the public for assistance.Marisa Gerber James Queally Richard Winton https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooters-movements-after-massacre-center-of-fbi-probe-20160105-story.html FBI probes mystery of San Bernardino shooters' whereabouts for 18 minutes after massacre Los Angeles Times January 5, 2016 January 5, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160105204211/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooters-movements-after-massacre-center-of-fbi-probe-20160105-story.html January 5, 2016 live mdy-all Devlin Barrett https://www.wsj.com/articles/san-bernardino-shooting-fbi-seeks-publics-help-with-missing-18-minutes-1452028745 San Bernardino Shooting: FBI Seeks Public's Help With Missing 18 Minutes The Wall Street Journal January 5, 2016 January 5, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160106065054/http://www.wsj.com/articles/san-bernardino-shooting-fbi-seeks-publics-help-with-missing-18-minutes-1452028745 January 6, 2016 live mdy-all Investigators believe that the two were driving around the city in an apparent attempt to remotely detonate the explosive device they left behind at the scene of the attack. Motive The investigation found that the perpetrators were inspired by Islamic terrorists and Islamic terrorist organizations.Joe Mozingo 'The worst thing imaginable:' Bodies and blood everywhere after San Bernardino terrorist attack, DOJ report shows https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-san-bernardino-terror--20160909-snap-story.html September 28, 2016 Los Angeles Times September 9, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160928005016/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-san-bernardino-terror--20160909-snap-story.html September 28, 2016 live mdy-all In Senate Judiciary Committee testimony given on December 9, 2015, FBI Director James B. Comey said that they "were talking to each other about jihad and martyrdom," before their engagement and as early as the end of 2013.Pete Williams Halimah Abdullah http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/fbi-san-bernardino-shooters-radicalized-they-met-n476971 FBI: San Bernardino Shooters Radicalized Before They Met NBC News December 9, 2015 December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209202003/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/fbi-san-bernardino-shooters-radicalized-they-met-n476971 December 9, 2015 live mdy-all Goldman Adam Berman Mark San Bernardino Attackers Talked 'About Jihad and Martyrdom' in 2013 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/09/san-bernardino-attackers-talked-about-jihad-and-martyrdom-in-2013 The Washington Post December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209214502/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/09/san-bernardino-attackers-talked-about-jihad-and-martyrdom-in-2013/ December 9, 2015 live mdy-all They reportedly spent at least a year preparing for the attack, including taking target practice and making plans to take care of their child and Farook's mother.Andrew Blankstein Robert Windrem Pete Williams Richard Esposito Hannah Rappleye San Bernardino Shooters Practiced for Attack a Year in Advance http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernardino-shooters-planned-attack-least-year-advance-n476521 NBC News December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209004332/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/san-bernardino-shooters-planned-attack-least-year-advance-n476521 December 9, 2015 live mdy-all Comey has said that although the investigation has shown that the couple was radicalized and possibly inspired by foreign terrorist organizations, there is no indication that they were directed by such a group or part of a broader cell or network.ISIL radio: Two supporters carried out San Bernardino massacre Gregg Zoroya https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/12/05/isil-radio-two-supporters-carried-out-san-bernardino-massacre/76828170 USA Today December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206022545/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2015/12/05/isil-radio-two-supporters-carried-out-san-bernardino-massacre/76828170/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/12/04/suspects-family-shocked-killings/76773382 FBI: No evidence San Bernardino killers were part of a cell December 4, 2015 USA Today August 23, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171116134709/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/12/04/suspects-family-shocked-killings/76773382/ November 16, 2017 live mdy-all On December 16, 2015, Comey said, "We can see from our investigation that in late 2013, before there is a physical meeting of these two people [Farook and Malik] resulting in their engagement and then journey to the United States, they are communicating online, showing signs in that communication of their joint commitment to jihadism and to martyrdom. Those communications are direct, private messages."Al Baker Marc Santora https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/17/us/san-bernardino-attackers-discussed-jihad-in-private-messages-fbi-says.html San Bernardino Attackers Discussed Jihad in Private Messages, F.B.I. Says The New York Times December 16, 2015 March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170519053651/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/17/us/san-bernardino-attackers-discussed-jihad-in-private-messages-fbi-says.html May 19, 2017 live mdy-all Paul Lewis https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/16/san-bernardino-attackers-jihad-social-media-fbi San Bernardino attackers did not post about jihad on social media, FBI says The Guardian December 16, 2015 December 13, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20170808153317/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/16/san-bernardino-attackers-jihad-social-media-fbi August 8, 2017 live mdy-all Comey said that the FBI's investigation had revealed that the perpetrators were "consuming poison on the Internet" and both had become radicalized "before they started courting or dating each other online" and "before the emergence of ISIL."Michael Martinez Catherine E. Shoichet Pamela Brown San Bernardino shooting: Couple radicalized before they met, FBI says http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/09/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html CNN December 9, 2015 December 14, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151213031858/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/09/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html December 13, 2015 live mdy-all As a result, Comey said that "untangling the motivations of which particular terrorist propaganda motivated in what way remains a challenge in these investigations, and our work is ongoing there." In one Arabic-language online radio broadcast, ISIL described the perpetrators as "supporters" following the attack. During the police investigation into the attack, The New York Times reported that this language indicated "a less direct connection" between the shooters and the terrorist group.Callimachi Rukmini https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/06/world/middleeast/islamic-state-san-bernardino-massacre.html Islamic State Says 'Soldiers of Caliphate' Attacked in San Bernardino The New York Times December 5, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206033630/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/06/world/middleeast/islamic-state-san-bernardino-massacre.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all FBI probes ISIS, terror links to San Bernardino massacre https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-isis-20151204-story.html Los Angeles Times December 5, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205020925/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-isis-20151204-story.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all In a December 5, 2015, English-language broadcast on its Bayan radio station, ISIL referred to the couple as "soldiers of the caliphate", which is a phrase ISIL uses to denote members of the terrorist organization. The New York Times reported that it was unclear why the two versions differed. On December 1, 2016, nearly one year after the attack, authorities speculated on Farook's forced participation in the training event and Christmas party as the trigger. Newly discovered emails indicated that Malik had objected to the party and did not want her husband to participate. San Bernardino Police Chief Jarrod Burguan said in an interview with ABC News that Malik stated that "she didn't think that a Muslim should have to participate in a non-Muslim holiday or event" in an online account.https://abcnews.go.com/US/christmas-party-triggered-san-bernardino-terror-attack-police/story?id=43884973 Christmas Party May Have Triggered San Bernardino Terror Attack: Police ABC News December 1, 2016 December 1, 2016 Megan Christie Rhonda Schwartz Josh Margolin Brian Ross https://web.archive.org/web/20161201063444/https://abcnews.go.com/US/christmas-party-triggered-san-bernardino-terror-attack-police/story?id=43884973 December 1, 2016 live mdy-all Searches After the deaths of the perpetrators, the focus shifted to a small townhouse in Redlands, a few miles away from San Bernardino; the place where Farook and Malik met after the shooting and where they lived.Focus Shifts to Redlands Townhouse https://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/focus-shifts-to-redlands-townhouse The New York Times December 2, 2015 December 3, 2015 Jennifer Medina Ashley Southall https://web.archive.org/web/20151206071816/http://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/focus-shifts-to-redlands-townhouse/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all Medina Jennifer Police Raid Townhouse of Suspect in San Bernardino Shooting The New York Times December 3, 2015 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/us/police-redlands-townhouse-san-bernardino-shooting.html December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204212832/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/04/us/police-redlands-townhouse-san-bernardino-shooting.html December 4, 2015 live mdy-all By 6:00 p.m. PST on December 2, 2015, police were executing a search warrant on the house. According to the San Bernardino police chief, Farook and Malik were listed in the rental agreement.Richard Winton Louis Sahagun Kate Mather https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-corona-home-20151204-story.html FBI agents search home in Corona again as San Bernardino probe continues Los Angeles Times December 4, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205083216/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-corona-home-20151204-story.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all Police used robots to search the house. Investigators found 2,000 9-mm handgun rounds, 2,500 .223-caliber rounds, and the tools that could be used to make improvised explosive devices.Police: Investigators found 12 pipe bombs at home searched after killings in California http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/NEW-INFORMATION-Police-search-home-in-connection-to-shooting-360424831.html Associated Press WEAU December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206030723/http://www.weau.com/home/headlines/NEW-INFORMATION-Police-search-home-in-connection-to-shooting-360424831.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all The FBI also initially reported that it had removed twelve pipe bombs from the perpetrators' home; the FBI clarified several days later that it had recovered 19 types of pipes that could be converted into bombs from the home. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) was able to complete an "urgent trace" on the firearms less than two hours after the guns were recovered. The couple was not completely successful in destroying their personal electronics, including mobile phones and hard drives, prior to the attack.Richard A. Serrano Brian Bennett Jack Dolan Soumya Karlamangla https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-isis-20151204-story.html San Bernardino massacre probed as terrorism, FBI says Los Angeles Times December 4, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205020925/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-isis-20151204-story.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all Pierre Thomas Jack Date https://abcnews.go.com/US/san-bernardino-shooters-destroy-phones-hard-drives-sources/story?id=35570286 San Bernardino Shooters Tried to Destroy Phones, Hard Drives, Sources Say ABC News December 3, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204144945/https://abcnews.go.com/US/san-bernardino-shooters-destroy-phones-hard-drives-sources/story?id=35570286 December 4, 2015 live mdy-all Pursuant to a federal search warrant, the authorities also searched a townhouse in Corona twice, where Farook's brother and father lived.http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/03/fbi-searches-farook-family-home-in-corona-as-part-of-investigation/ FBI Searches Farook Family Home In Corona as Part of Investigation CBS News Los Angeles December 3, 2015 December 4, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206030445/http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/03/fbi-searches-farook-family-home-in-corona-as-part-of-investigation/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all The FBI said that the family was cooperating and authorities did not arrest anyone. On December 10, 2015, federal authorities began searching Seccombe Lake park in downtown San Bernardino after receiving a tip that the shooters visited the area on the day of the attack. A dive team was sent into the shallow edge of the lake to search for evidence;https://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-sb-shooting-20151211-story.html San Bernardino shooters planned bigger attack, investigators believe Los Angeles Times December 10, 2015 December 11, 2015 Richard A. Serrano Richard Winton Sarah Parvini James Queally https://web.archive.org/web/20151211074328/http://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-sb-shooting-20151211-story.html December 11, 2015 live mdy-all https://abcnews.go.com/US/fbi-searching-california-lake-connection-san-bernardino-shooting/story?id=35700346 FBI Searching California Lake in Connection to San Bernardino Shooting ABC News December 10, 2015 December 11, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151210221810/https://abcnews.go.com/US/fbi-searching-california-lake-connection-san-bernardino-shooting/story?id=35700346 December 10, 2015 live mdy-all For a satellite map of the location shown in the article, see Google Maps https://web.archive.org/web/20180915091626/https://www.google.com/maps/place/34%C2%B006%2737.7%22N+117%C2%B016%2754.1%22W/%4034.110478%2C-117.2822352%2C157m/data%3D%213m2%211e3%214b1%214m2%213m1%211s0x0%3A0x0 September 15, 2018 nothing relevant was found.http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html Items found in San Bernardino lake not related to attack, source says CNN December 13, 2015 December 13, 2015 Faith Karimi Ana Cabrera https://web.archive.org/web/20151213105258/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/13/us/san-bernardino-shooting/index.html December 13, 2015 live mdy-all Media reporters enter shooters' home After the FBI completed a search of the perpetrators' townhouse, it was turned over to its landlord.Joseph Ax Dan Levine https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-media-idUSKBN0TO01N20151205 Reporters allowed into California shooters' home, FBI defends its search Reuters December 4, 2015 June 30, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170302092800/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-media-idUSKBN0TO01N20151205 March 2, 2017 live mdy-all Kate Mather Joel Rubin https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-reporters-redlands-home-shooters-20151204-story.html In surreal scene, reporters swarm Redlands home rented by shooters Los Angeles Times December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205112504/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-reporters-redlands-home-shooters-20151204-story.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all Rick Rojas https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/landlord-lets-reporters-into-san-bernardino-suspects-apartment.html Landlord Lets Reporters Into San Bernardino Suspects' Home December 5, 2015 The New York Times March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170406213319/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/landlord-lets-reporters-into-san-bernardino-suspects-apartment.html April 6, 2017 live mdy-all On December 4, 2015, the landlord used a crowbar to open the door to the home and allowed reporters and photographers to "swarm" the home.CNN's Anderson Cooper called the scene "bizarre" during the network's live broadcast.Fiegerman Seth Ethics went out the window when media mobbed the San Bernardino shooters' apartment http://mashable.com/2015/12/04/news-ethics-san-bernardino-apartment/ Mashable December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151207073556/http://mashable.com/2015/12/04/news-ethics-san-bernardino-apartment/ December 7, 2015 live mdy-all NBC News correspondent Kerry Sanders said that Inside Edition paid the building's landlord 1,000 yes to access the home.Michael Calderone https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nbc-live-tv-images-san-bernardino-shooting-suspects_5661d3bce4b072e9d1c5f047 NBC Reporter Touts Network's Ethics Before Broadcasting Live From Inside San Bernardino Suspects' Apartment HuffPost December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205170030/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nbc-live-tv-images-san-bernardino-shooting-suspects_5661d3bce4b072e9d1c5f047 December 5, 2015 live mdy-all MSNBC, CNN, and Fox News all broadcast live video from the home, showing images of personal photographs, documents, identification cards, and baby items.Nick Gass https://www.politico.com/story/2015/12/msnbc-cnn-inside-apartment-san-bernardino-216431 Cable networks blasted after showing live footage inside Calif. killers' apartment Politico December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206023150/http://www.politico.com/story/2015/12/msnbc-cnn-inside-apartment-san-bernardino-216431 December 6, 2015 live mdy-all The scene was described as having a "media circus" atmosphere.David Folkenflik https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/04/458502872/frenzied-media-pour-over-home-of-san-bernardino-killers-during-live-broadcasts Frenzied Media Pore Over Home of San Bernardino Killers During Live Broadcasts All Things Considered NPR December 4, 2015 April 4, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180305200018/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/04/458502872/frenzied-media-pour-over-home-of-san-bernardino-killers-during-live-broadcasts March 5, 2018 live mdy-all Al Tompkins http://www.poynter.org/news/mediawire/388204/dont-let-media-circus-distract-from-san-bernardino-killings/ Media circus in San Bernardino distracts from mass shooting story Poynter Institute December 5, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206213740/http://www.poynter.org/news/mediawire/388204/dont-let-media-circus-distract-from-san-bernardino-killings/ December 6, 2015 dead mdy-all Sanders, in particular, was criticized for showing close-up images of children's photographs and Farook's mother's identification card; the network later said it regretted doing so.Erik Wemple https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2015/12/04/msnbcs-terrible-live-tour-of-the-san-bernardino-attackers-apartment/ MSNBC's terrible live tour of the San Bernardino attackers' apartment The Washington Post December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205125441/https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2015/12/04/msnbcs-terrible-live-tour-of-the-san-bernardino-attackers-apartment/ December 5, 2015 live mdy-all According to legal experts, the broadcast was not illegal, but it raised concerns about journalistic ethics. The Washington Post media critic Erik Wemple wrote that the media's behavior was "terrible" and opined that "this was a story poorly suited to live coverage, without the time and ability to document a scene, determine what's relevant and provide the filtered product to readers." Al Tompkins of the Poynter Institute for Media Studies said that the decision to enter the apartment was "ludicrous" and critiqued the "callous and competitive behavior" of the media on a grave story. Phone decryption FBI–Apple encryption dispute thumb|alt=Rear side of blue iPhone 5c.|upright=0.7|An iPhone 5C, the model used by one of the shootershttps://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-wants-apple-to-help-unlock-iphone-used-by-san-bernardino-shooter/2016/02/16/69b903ee-d4d9-11e5-9823-02b905009f99_story.html Apple vows to resist FBI demand to crack iPhone linked to San Bernardino attacks The Washington Post February 17, 2016 February 18, 2016 Ellen Nakashima https://web.archive.org/web/20160217224411/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-wants-apple-to-help-unlock-iphone-used-by-san-bernardino-shooter/2016/02/16/69b903ee-d4d9-11e5-9823-02b905009f99_story.html February 17, 2016 live mdy-all On February 9, 2016, the FBI announced that it was unable to unlock one of the mobile phones they had recovered because of the phone's advanced security features. The phone was an iPhone 5C owned by the county and issued to its employee, the shooter Farook.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-encryption-idUSKCN0VI22A FBI director says investigators unable to unlock San Bernardino shooter's phone content Reuters February 9, 2016 February 16, 2016 Dustin Volz Mark Hosenball https://web.archive.org/web/20160217161620/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-encryption-idUSKCN0VI22A February 17, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/02/16/san-bernardino-shooting-apple-ordered-help-us-hack-killer8217s-phone/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Apple must help US hack killer's phone The Press-Enterprise February 16, 2016 February 16, 2016 Tami Abdollah Eric Tucker https://web.archive.org/web/20160218092719/http://www.pe.com/articles/washington-794488-help-killer.html February 18, 2016 live mdy-all The FBI first asked the National Security Agency to break into the phone, but the NSA was unable to do so.https://theintercept.com/2016/06/10/nsa-looking-to-exploit-internet-of-things-including-biomedical-devices-official-says/ NSA Looking to Exploit Internet of Things, Including Biomedical Devices, Official Says The Intercept June 12, 2016 Jenna McLaughlin June 12, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160612041005/https://theintercept.com/2016/06/10/nsa-looking-to-exploit-internet-of-things-including-biomedical-devices-official-says/ June 12, 2016 live mdy-all As a result, the FBI asked Apple Inc. to create a new version of the phone's iOS operating system that could be installed and run in the phone's random access memory to disable certain security features. Apple declined due to its policy to never undermine the security features of its products. The FBI responded by successfully applying to a United States magistrate judge, Sherri Pym, to issue a court order, mandating Apple to create and provide the requested software.http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/judge-forces-apple-help-unlock-san-bernardino-shooter-iphone-n519701 Judge Forces Apple to Help Unlock San Bernardino Shooter iPhone NBC News February 16, 2016 February 16, 2016 Andrew Blankstein https://web.archive.org/web/20160217043031/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/judge-forces-apple-help-unlock-san-bernardino-shooter-iphone-n519701 February 17, 2016 live mdy-all The order was not a subpoena, but rather was issued under the All Writs Act of 1789.Robert M. Chesney https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/apple-vs-fbi-going-dark-dispute-moves-congress-courtroom Apple vs FBI: The Going Dark Dispute Moves from Congress to the Courtroom Lawfare February 17, 2016 February 20, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20240113123605/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/apple-vs-fbi-going-dark-dispute-moves-congress-courtroom January 13, 2024 live mdy-all Apple announced their intent to oppose the order, citing the security risks that the creation of a backdoor would pose towards its customers.http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/16/us/san-bernardino-shooter-phone-apple/ Apple opposes judge's order to hack San Bernardino shooter's iPhone CNN February 17, 2016 February 17, 2016 Evan Perez Tim Hume https://web.archive.org/web/20160218092519/http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/16/us/san-bernardino-shooter-phone-apple/ February 18, 2016 live mdy-all It also stated that no government had ever asked for similar access.https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/19/apple-fbi-encryption-battle-san-bernardino-shooting-syed-farook-iphone Apple says the FBI is making access demands even China hasn't asked for The Guardian February 19, 2016 February 20, 2016 Danny Yadron https://web.archive.org/web/20160220042614/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/19/apple-fbi-encryption-battle-san-bernardino-shooting-syed-farook-iphone February 20, 2016 live mdy-all The company was given until February 26, 2016, to fully respond to the court order.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/02/19/san-bernardino-shooting-apple-gets-more-time-to-file-its-response/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Apple gets more time to file its response The Press-Enterprise February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160220103553/http://www.pe.com/articles/apple-794741-time-bernardino.html February 20, 2016 live mdy-all In response to the opposition, on February 19, 2016, the U.S. Department of Justice filed a new application urging a federal judge to compel Apple to comply with the order.https://abcnews.go.com/US/doj-escalates-battle-apple-san-bernardino-shooters-phone/story?id=37056775 DOJ Escalates Battle With Apple Over San Bernardino Shooter's Phone ABC News February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 Mike Levine Jack Date Jack Cloherty https://web.archive.org/web/20160220102425/https://abcnews.go.com/US/doj-escalates-battle-apple-san-bernardino-shooters-phone/story?id=37056775 February 20, 2016 live mdy-all The new application stated that the company could install the malware on the phone in its own premises, and after the FBI had hacked the phone via remote connection, Apple could remove and destroy the malware.http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/19/57752/san-bernardino-justice-department-files-new-motion San Bernardino shooting: US says Apple could keep, destroy software to help FBI hack iPhone KPCC Associated Press February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160220090543/http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/19/57752/san-bernardino-justice-department-files-new-motion/ February 20, 2016 live mdy-all The same day, Apple revealed that it had discussed with the FBI four methods to access data in the iPhone in early January, but one of the more promising methods was ruled out by a mistake during the investigation of the attack. After the shooter's phone had been recovered, the FBI asked San Bernardino County, the owner of the phone, to reset the password to the shooter's iCloud account in order to acquire data from the iCloud backup. However, this rendered the phone unable to back up recent data to iCloud unless its passcode is entered.https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-tn-apple-fbi-call-20160219-story.html Apple and feds reveal San Bernardino shooter's iCloud password was reset hours after attack Los Angeles Times February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 Paresh Dave https://web.archive.org/web/20160221034818/http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-tn-apple-fbi-call-20160219-story.html February 21, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.yahoo.com/gma/san-bernardino-shooters-apple-id-passcode-changed-while-234003785--abc-news-topstories.html San Bernardino Shooter's Apple ID Passcode Changed While in Government Possession, Apple Says Yahoo! GMA February 19, 2016 February 19, 2016 Jack Date https://web.archive.org/web/20180309053127/https://www.yahoo.com/gma/san-bernardino-shooters-apple-id-passcode-changed-while-234003785--abc-news-topstories.html March 9, 2018 live mdy-all Volz Dustin Edwards Julia U.S., Apple ratchet up rhetoric in fight over encryption https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-encryption-doj-idUSKCN0VS2FT Reuters February 20, 2016 February 20, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160219231104/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-encryption-doj-idUSKCN0VS2FT February 19, 2016 live mdy-all This was confirmed by the Department of Justice, which then added that any backup would have been "insufficient" because they would not have been able to recover enough information from it.http://ktla.com/2016/02/20/apple-says-law-enforcement-missed-chance-to-back-up-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone Apple Says Law Enforcement Missed Chance to Back Up San Bernardino Shooter's iPhone KTLA February 20, 2016 February 20, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160221090353/http://ktla.com/2016/02/20/apple-says-law-enforcement-missed-chance-to-back-up-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone/ February 21, 2016 live mdy-all The San Bernardino County District Attorney, Michael Ramos, filed a brief claiming the iPhone may contain evidence of a possible third shooter and a "dormant cyber pathogen" that could have been introduced into the San Bernardino County computer network.https://abcnews.go.com/US/san-bernardino-da-clues-unconfirmed-3rd-shooter-cyber/story?id=37399545 San Bernardino DA: Clues to Unconfirmed 3rd Shooter, 'Cyber Pathogen' Could Be on iPhone ABC News March 4, 2016 March 4, 2016 Lee Ferran Jack Date https://web.archive.org/web/20160305101253/https://abcnews.go.com/US/san-bernardino-da-clues-unconfirmed-3rd-shooter-cyber/story?id=37399545 March 5, 2016 live mdy-all David Kravets San Bernardino DA says seized iPhone may hold 'dormant cyber pathogen' https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/03/san-bernardino-da-says-seized-iphone-may-hold-dormant-cyber-pathogen/ Ars Technica March 3, 2016 March 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160305023142/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2016/03/san-bernardino-da-says-seized-iphone-may-hold-dormant-cyber-pathogen/ March 5, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/03/04/san-bernardino-shooting-da-fears-terrorists-iphone-could-have-launched-cyber-attack/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: DA fears terrorist's iPhone could have launched cyber attack The Press-Enterprise March 4, 2016 March 5, 2016 David Downey https://web.archive.org/web/20160306110731/http://www.pe.com/articles/san-796176-bernardino-launced.html March 6, 2016 live mdy-all On March 28, the Department of Justice announced that it had unlocked the iPhone and withdrew its suit.https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/justice-department-withdraws-request-apple-iphone-encryption-case/story Justice Department Withdraws Request in Apple iPhone Encryption Case After FBI Accesses San Bernardino Shooter's Phone ABC News Jack Dale Mike Levine Alyssa Newcomb March 28, 2016 March 29, 2016 Initial reports, citing anonymous sources, stated that Israeli company Cellebrite was assisting the FBI with this alternative.http://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-may-have-found-way-to-unlock-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone/ FBI may have found way to unlock San Bernardino shooter's iPhone CBS News Associated Press March 21, 2016 March 22, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160325150230/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/fbi-may-have-found-way-to-unlock-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone/ March 25, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/03/23/san-bernardino-shooting-israeli-company-is-helping-the-fbi-reports-say-update/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Israeli company is helping the FBI, reports say The Press-Enterprise March 23, 2016 March 23, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160324171813/http://www.pe.com/articles/company-797859-fbi-israeli.html March 24, 2016 live mdy-all However, The Washington Post, citing anonymous sources, reported that the FBI instead paid "professional hackers" who used a zero-day vulnerability in the iPhone's software to bypass its ten-try limitation, and did not need Cellebrite's assistance.Ellen Nakashima https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-paid-professional-hackers-one-time-fee-to-crack-san-bernardino-iphone/2016/04/12/5397814a-00de-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html FBI paid professional hackers one-time fee to crack San Bernardino iPhone The Washington Post April 12, 2016 April 14, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160414134313/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/fbi-paid-professional-hackers-one-time-fee-to-crack-san-bernardino-iphone/2016/04/12/5397814a-00de-11e6-9d36-33d198ea26c5_story.html April 14, 2016 live mdy-all In April 2021, The Washington Post reported that the Australian company Azimuth Security, a white hat hacking firm, had been the one to help the FBI.Nakashima Ellen Albergotti Reed April 14, 2021 The FBI wanted to unlock the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone. It turned to a little-known Australian firm. The Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/04/14/azimuth-san-bernardino-apple-iphone-fbi/ April 15, 2021 In September 2016, the Associated Press, Vice Media, and Gannett (the owner of USA Today) filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) lawsuit against the FBI, seeking to compel the agency to reveal who it hired to unlock Farook's iPhone, and how much was paid.https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2016/09/16/usa-today-lawsuit-fbi-iphone-hack-san-bernardino/90477540/ USA TODAY, others sue FBI for info on phone hack of San Bernardino shooter USA Today September 16, 2016 September 17, 2016 Brad Heath https://web.archive.org/web/20160917012058/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2016/09/16/usa-today-lawsuit-fbi-iphone-hack-san-bernardino/90477540/ September 17, 2016 live mdy-all Josh Gerstein, Judge: FBI can keep cost of iPhone hack secret https://web.archive.org/web/20171029083803/https://www.politico.com/blogs/under-the-radar/2017/10/01/judge-fbi-need-not-release-cost-of-iphone-hack-243338 October 29, 2017 , Politico (October 1, 2017). On September 30, 2017, a federal court ruled against the media organizations and granted summary judgment in the government's favor.Associated Press v. Federal Bureau of Investigation https://web.archive.org/web/20190420090447/https://ecf.dcd.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/show_public_doc?2016cv1850-22 April 20, 2019 , Civil Action No. 16-cv-1850 (TSC) (D.D.C. September 13, 2017). The court ruled that the company that hacked the iPhone and the amount paid to it by the FBI were national security secrets and "intelligence sources or methods" that are exempt from disclosure under FOIA; the court additionally ruled that the amount paid "reflects a confidential law enforcement technique or procedure" that also falls under a FOIA exemption. National reactions to Apple's opposition of the order were mixed.http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/18/us/san-bernardino-shooter-phone-apple-reaction Anger, praise for Apple for rebuffing FBI over San Bernardino killer's phone CNN February 18, 2016 February 19, 2016 Greg Botelho Lorenza Brascia Michael Martinez https://web.archive.org/web/20160219103313/http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/18/us/san-bernardino-shooter-phone-apple-reaction/ February 19, 2016 live mdy-all A CBS News poll that sampled 1,022 Americans found that 50% of the respondents supported the FBI's stance, while 45% supported Apple's stance.http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-americans-split-on-unlocking-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone/ CBS News poll: Americans split on unlocking San Bernardino shooter's iPhone CBS News March 18, 2016 March 19, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160320032136/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-americans-split-on-unlocking-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone/ March 20, 2016 live mdy-all In March 2018, the Los Angeles Times reported that "the FBI eventually found that Farook's phone had information only about work and revealed nothing about the plot."https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-fbi-iphone-san-bernardino-20180327-story.html Race to unlock San Bernardino shooter's iPhone was delayed by poor FBI communication, report finds Los Angeles Times March 27, 2018 July 21, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180722011321/http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-fbi-iphone-san-bernardino-20180327-story.html July 22, 2018 live mdy-all Possibility of third shooter Initial news reports and witness accounts following the attack led to a search for up to three shooters, but police eventually determined that there were only two since only two firearms were used in the attack according to ballistics evidence.San Bernardino Shooting: At Least 14 People Killed December 2, 2015 http://fox40.com/2015/12/02/san-bernardino-shooting-at-least-14-people-killed/ FOX40 Sacramento December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151210181714/http://fox40.com/2015/12/02/san-bernardino-shooting-at-least-14-people-killed/ December 10, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-sb-third-shooter-20160306-story.html After San Bernardino attack, third shooter claims are just 'human nature' Los Angeles Times March 5, 2016 March 5, 2016 Sarah Parvini James Queally https://web.archive.org/web/20160306105541/http://www.latimes.com/local/crime/la-me-sb-third-shooter-20160306-story.html March 6, 2016 live mdy-all Immediately following the shootout that killed the perpetrators, investigators in armored vehicles at the perpetrators' townhouse considered ordering an evacuation, but instead ordered the neighborhood to shelter in place and cordoned off the area. From 4:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m., police asked residents of the area to stay in their homes with doors locked and secure after residents reported a person jumping fences. No one was found; the reports may have been from officers at the scene.San Bernardino mass shooting: 2 suspects killed in shootout with police http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20151202/san-bernardino-mass-shooting-2-suspects-killed-in-shootout-with-police San Bernardino County Sun December 2, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206054506/http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20151202/san-bernardino-mass-shooting-2-suspects-killed-in-shootout-with-police December 6, 2015 live mdy-all A person detained after running away from the scene of the shootout was thought to be a possible third suspect, but police determined that he was not connected to the shooting; the person was booked on an unrelated outstanding misdemeanor warrant. On February 18, 2016, the FBI revealed that they have not ruled out the possibility of a third shooter, but clarified that they are continuing to operate under the assumption that only two shooters were involved. Some witnesses who claimed to have seen three gunmen at the Inland Regional Center continued to assert their accounts.https://abcnews.go.com/US/unanswered-questions-fbi-ruled-3rd-militant-san-bernardino/story?id=37028168 Unanswered Questions: FBI Hasn't Ruled Out 3rd Militant in San Bernardino Killings ABC News February 18, 2016 March 4, 2016 Allan Lengel James Gordon Meek https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031109/https://abcnews.go.com/US/unanswered-questions-fbi-ruled-3rd-militant-san-bernardino/story?id=37028168 March 4, 2016 live mdy-all As of December 1, 2016, it was reported that the FBI had yet to rule out that possibility.https://time.com/4588231/san-bernardino-shooting-anniversary/ 5 Things We Still Don't Know a Year After the San Bernardino Shooting Time December 1, 2016 December 2, 2016 Josh Sanburn https://web.archive.org/web/20161202015034/http://time.com/4588231/san-bernardino-shooting-anniversary/ December 2, 2016 live mdy-all Related arrests and prosecutions Enrique Marquez Jr. Enrique Marquez Jr.,https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/17/us/document-SB-Shooting-Marquez-COMPLAINT.html Criminal complaint in United States of America v. Enrique Marquez, Jr., 5:15-mj-498 The New York Times United States District Court for the Central District of California December 17, 2015 March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170302044129/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/12/17/us/document-SB-Shooting-Marquez-COMPLAINT.html March 2, 2017 live mdy-all a next-door neighbor of Farook's until May 2015,Serrano Richard San Bernardino shooter's friend Enrique Marquez charged with aiding plot https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-marquez-20151217-story.html December 17, 2015 Los Angeles Times December 17, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151217215617/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-marquez-20151217-story.html December 17, 2015 live mdy-all and who is connected to him by an immigration fraud sham marriage, was investigated in connection with his purchase of the two rifles used in the attack,Dan Frosch Zusha Elinson Joe Palazzolo https://www.wsj.com/articles/suspected-shooter-in-san-bernardino-massacre-made-purchase-from-kentucky-arms-store-1449343406 FBI Searches Home of Man Linked to Guns Used in San Bernardino Shooting The Wall Street Journal December 5, 2015 March 4, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170411054815/https://www.wsj.com/articles/suspected-shooter-in-san-bernardino-massacre-made-purchase-from-kentucky-arms-store-1449343406 April 11, 2017 live mdy-all Kate Mather Matt Hamilton Richard A. Serrano Jack Dolan https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-sb-marquez-20151210-story.html Enrique Marquez, who bought rifles used in San Bernardino attack, had deep ties to gunman Los Angeles Times December 10, 2015 December 10, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151211070047/http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-sb-marquez-20151210-story.html December 11, 2015 live mdy-all Chris Francescani Pete Williams Andrew Blankstein http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/fbi-searches-home-farook-friend-who-bought-guns-n474911 FBI Searches Home of Farook Friend Who Bought Guns NBC News December 5, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206034957/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/fbi-searches-home-farook-friend-who-bought-guns-n474911 December 6, 2015 live mdy-all James Gordon Meek Megan Christie https://abcnews.go.com/US/neighbor-purportedly-bought-assault-style-weapons-san-bernardino/story?id=35599482 Official: Neighbor Purportedly Bought 'Assault-Style' Weapons Used in San Bernardino Rampage ABC News December 5, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206170101/https://abcnews.go.com/US/neighbor-purportedly-bought-assault-style-weapons-san-bernardino/story?id=35599482 December 6, 2015 live mdy-all a charge to which he agreed to plead guilty.http://bigstory.ap.org/article/44e042ec473640b69c588e688dc98bc0/records-man-plead-guilty-aiding-san-bernardino-attack Records: Man to plead guilty to aiding San Bernardino attack The Big Story Associated Press February 15, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170215004915/http://www.bigstory.ap.org/article/44e042ec473640b69c588e688dc98bc0/records-man-plead-guilty-aiding-san-bernardino-attack February 15, 2017 dead mdy-all There is no record of a transfer of the weapons from Marquez to the attackers.https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-marquez-20151217-story.html The man who bought the rifles: Who is Enrique Marquez? Los Angeles Times December 5, 2015 December 17, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151217215617/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-marquez-20151217-story.html December 17, 2015 live mdy-all Personal background Marquez converted to Islam in 2007.Koren Martina The First Criminal Charges in the San Bernardino Shooting https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/12/san-bernardino-gun-charges/420966 December 18, 2015 The Atlantic December 17, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151219000046/http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/12/san-bernardino-gun-charges/420966/ December 19, 2015 live mdy-all Though not regularly, Marquez attended both the Islamic Center of Riverside and the Islamic Society of Corona-Norco four or five years before the attack, and stood out because of his Hispanic background. Federal prosecutors allege that in 2011, Farook and Marquez conspired to carry out shooting and bombing attacks at the library or cafeteria at Riverside Community College, where both were students, and on rush-hour traffic on California State Route 91 in Corona.https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-marquez-faces-more-charges-in-san-bernardino-terrorist-attack-20151230-story.html Enrique Marquez Jr. faces more charges in San Bernardino terrorist attack Los Angeles Times December 30, 2015 January 2, 2016 Richard Winton James Queally https://web.archive.org/web/20160101194456/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-marquez-faces-more-charges-in-san-bernardino-terrorist-attack-20151230-story.html January 1, 2016 live mdy-all Marquez reportedly told authorities that he and Farook tried to carry out the attack in 2011 or 2012. This plan was abandoned after three men in the Inland Empire were arrested for their plan to kill Americans in Afghanistan.Richard A. Serrano Richard Winton San Bernardino shooter's friend Enrique Marquez charged with aiding plot https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-marquez-20151217-story.html Los Angeles Times December 17, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151217215617/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-marquez-20151217-story.html December 17, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.wsj.com/articles/california-shooting-suspects-radicalized-before-they-started-dating-fbi-says-1449680547 San Bernardino Shooter Said to Have Planned an Attack in 2012 Devlin Barrett Tamara Audi December 10, 2015 The Wall Street Journal December 16, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151216022441/http://www.wsj.com/articles/california-shooting-suspects-radicalized-before-they-started-dating-fbi-says-1449680547 December 16, 2015 live mdy-all Though the FBI had previously disputed this fact, Marquez was found to have ties to these men in 2016.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/06/01/san-bernardino-shooting-marquez-had-ties-to-california-jihadists-fbi-says/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Marquez had ties to 'California jihadists,' FBI says The Press-Enterprise June 1, 2016 June 1, 2016 Richard K. De Atley https://web.archive.org/web/20160602125908/http://www.pe.com/articles/marquez-804428-conspiracy-ties.html June 2, 2016 live mdy-all Chris White Feds Admit San Bernardino Terrorist's Friend Had Connections to 2012 California Terror Cell http://lawnewz.com/high-profile/feds-admit-san-bernardino-terrorists-friend-had-connections-to-2012-california-terror-cell/ LawNewz June 1, 2016 November 11, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161112144245/http://lawnewz.com/high-profile/feds-admit-san-bernardino-terrorists-friend-had-connections-to-2012-california-terror-cell/ November 12, 2016 live mdy-all By 2011, Marquez spent most of his time in Farook's home, listening to, watching, and reading radical Islamist propaganda, including Inspire magazine, the official publication of Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), and videos produced by Al-Shabaab as well as the sermons of Anwar al-Awlaki. On November 29, 2014, Marquez entered into a sham marriage with Mariya Chernykh, a Russian woman who arrived in the U.S. on a J-1 visa and the sister of the wife of Farook's older brother. According to The New York Times, Marquez was said to have been paid between $5,000 and $10,000 to enter the green card marriage so that Chernykh could become a U.S. citizen.Lovett Ian San Bernardino Attackers' Friend Spoke of 'Sleeper Cells' Before Rampage subscription https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/12/us/enrique-marquez-san-bernardino-attacks.html December 17, 2015 The New York Times December 11, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151215223954/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/12/us/enrique-marquez-san-bernardino-attacks.html December 15, 2015 live mdy-all Michael S. Schmidt Richard Pérez-Peña https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/san-bernardino-enrique-marquez-charges-justice-department.html Neighbor of San Bernardino Attackers Faces Terrorism Charges, Officials Say December 17, 2015 The New York Times March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170406092319/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/san-bernardino-enrique-marquez-charges-justice-department.html April 6, 2017 live mdy-all Christie Megan San Bernardino Attack: Visas, Wives and Terror https://abcnews.go.com/International/san-bernardino-attack-visas-wives-terror/story?id=35674749 December 17, 2015 ABC News December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151217012218/https://abcnews.go.com/International/san-bernardino-attack-visas-wives-terror/story?id=35674749 December 17, 2015 live mdy-all Early on December 5, 2015, federal authorities searched Marquez's Riverside home under a federal search warrant.Michael S. Schmidt Salman Masood https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/10/us/san-bernardino-massacre-fbi.html San Bernardino Couple Spoke of Attacks in 2013, F.B.I. Say The New York Times December 9, 2015 March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170207131917/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/10/us/san-bernardino-massacre-fbi.html February 7, 2017 live mdy-all He waived his Miranda rightsScott Glover Lorenza Brascia Evan Perez http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/08/us/san-bernardino-investigation-neighbor Enrique Marquez: San Bernardino killer and I plotted in 2012 CNN December 8, 2015 December 17, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151215065635/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/08/us/san-bernardino-investigation-neighbor/ December 15, 2015 live mdy-all and cooperated "extensively" with federal investigators, "discussing at length his relationship with" Farook. Arrest and legal proceedings On December 17, 2015, Marquez was arrested and charged in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California with three federal criminal counts: conspiracy to provide material support for terrorism (i.e., himself, a firearm, and explosives); making a false statement in connection with acquisition of firearms ("straw purchase"); and immigration fraud. Another "straw purchase"-related charge and another immigration fraud charge were added on December 30, 2015. He faced a maximum of 50 years in prison if convicted on all of the charges.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2015/12/31/san-bernardino-shooting-marquez-charges-grow-as-grand-jury-hands-down-indictment/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Marquez charges grow (UPDATE) The Press-Enterprise December 30, 2015 January 1, 2016 Gail Wesson Richard K. De Atley https://web.archive.org/web/20160101120530/http://www.pe.com/articles/bernardino-790565-indicted-federal.html January 1, 2016 live mdy-all The court ordered Marquez held without bail, saying that Marquez would pose a danger to the community if released.Richard K. De Atley Gail Wesson SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Bail denied; Marquez to remain in custody on terror-related charges (UPDATE 3) https://www.pressenterprise.com/2015/12/22/san-bernardino-shooting-bail-denied-marquez-to-remain-in-custody-on-terror-related-charges-update-3/ Press-Enterprise December 21, 2015 January 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20151224174523/http://www.pe.com/articles/court-789907-marquez-hearing.html December 24, 2015 live mdy-all Marquez initially pleaded not guilty to all of the charges against him.https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-enrique-marquez-arraignment-san-bernardino-20160106-story.html Enrique Marquez Jr. pleads not guilty to federal terror charges Los Angeles Times January 6, 2016 January 6, 2016 Paloma Esquivel https://web.archive.org/web/20160107025748/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-enrique-marquez-arraignment-san-bernardino-20160106-story.html January 7, 2016 live mdy-all On April 28, 2016, he was named in an indictment as a co-conspirator in document fraud in relation to the arrest of Mariya Chernynk.https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-fbi-serves-san-bernardino-warrants-20160428-story.html FBI arrests brother of San Bernardino terrorist and 2 others on marriage fraud charges Los Angeles Times April 28, 2016 April 29, 2016 James Queally Richard Winton Paloma Esquivel https://web.archive.org/web/20160428215629/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-fbi-serves-san-bernardino-warrants-20160428-story.html April 28, 2016 live mdy-all In February 2017, as part of a plea agreement with federal prosecutors, Marquez pleaded guilty to conspiracy to provide material support to terrorists and to making false statements in connection with the purchase of a firearm. Marquez also admitted to plotting with Farook the alleged abandoned terror plots in 2011. As part of the plea agreement, the government agreed to dismiss the marriage fraud charges.Paloma Esquivel https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sb-terror-plea-20170216-story.html Father of San Bernardino terror victim condemns plea agreement for gunman's friend Los Angeles Times February 16, 2017 February 16, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170216201825/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sb-terror-plea-20170216-story.html February 16, 2017 live mdy-all The maximum sentence is 25 years in prison plus a $500,000 fine.Brian Rokos https://www.pressenterprise.com/2017/07/20/sentencing-for-marquez-in-dec-2-related-firearms-case-reset-for-nov-6/ Sentencing for Marquez in Dec. 2-related firearms case reset for Nov. 6 The Press-Enterprise July 20, 2017 July 20, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170721004811/http://www.pe.com/2017/07/20/sentencing-for-marquez-in-dec-2-related-firearms-case-reset-for-nov-6/ July 21, 2017 live mdy-all Testifying in court when Marquez's guilty plea was entered, the father of one of the victims denounced the plea agreement, saying that it would lead to a sentence that was too light; the U.S. Attorney explained that while he understood the father's pain, the government did not have enough sufficient evidence to prosecute Marquez for more serious offenses. The sentencing hearing was initially set for November 6, 2017, but it was postponed to February 26, 2018, four days before.https://www.sbsun.com/2017/11/02/sentencing-for-riverside-man-who-aided-san-bernardino-shooter-is-postponed/ Sentencing for Riverside man who aided San Bernardino shooter is postponed The San Bernardino Sun November 2, 2017 February 14, 2018 Brian Rokos https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024304/https://www.sbsun.com/2017/11/02/sentencing-for-riverside-man-who-aided-san-bernardino-shooter-is-postponed/ February 15, 2018 live mdy-all Sentencing was postponed indefinitely on June 26, 2018, after Marquez obtained a new attorney.Rokos Brian Sentencing for friend who supplied rifles to San Bernardino terrorists is postponed San Bernardino Sun 2018-06-26 https://www.sbsun.com/sentencing-for-friend-who-supplied-rifles-to-san-bernardino-terrorists-is-postponed 2018-08-26 On October 23, 2020, Marquez was sentenced to 20 years in prison.https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/riverside-california-man-who-admitted-planning-mass-casualty-attacks-and-purchasing-firearms Office of Public Affairs | Riverside, California Man Who Admitted Planning Mass Casualty Attacks and Purchasing Firearms Later Used in 2015 Terrorist Attack in San Bernardino Ordered to Serve 20-Year Federal Prison Sentence | United States Department of Justice October 23, 2020 2020-10-23 US man jailed for supplying guns used in San Bernardino shootings en-GB BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-54669918 2020-10-24 Raheel Farook, Tatiana Farook, and Mariya Chernykh Syed Raheel Farook, the brother of gunman Rizwan Farook, 31; his wife Tatiana Farook, 31; and her sister Mariya Chernykh, who was Marquez's "wife" in the sham marriage, were all subject to an investigation into Chernykh's sham marriage with Marquez, which arose during the investigation into the attack. Personal backgrounds Raheel Farook served in the U.S. Navy in the Iraq War from 2003 to 2007, and was awarded two medals for service during the war on terror. He was described by friends and neighbors as sociable and extroverted compared with his brother Rizwan. In 2011, he married Tatiana, a Russian citizen who immigrated to the U.S. in 2003 from her home village of Vysokiy, located 400 mi from Moscow.http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/brother-san-bernardino-shooter-arrested-marriage-scam-article-1.2617665 Brother of San Bernardino mass shooter pleads not guilty to marriage scam The New York Daily News April 28, 2016 April 29, 2016 Nancy Dillon https://web.archive.org/web/20160428215629/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/brother-san-bernardino-shooter-arrested-marriage-scam-article-1.2617665 April 28, 2016 live mdy-all http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article74425757.html FBI arrests brother, other relatives of San Bernardino shooter The Miami Herald April 28, 2016 April 29, 2016 Amanda Lee Myers https://web.archive.org/web/20160502092651/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/national/article74425757.html May 2, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-adv-sb-terror-sisters-20151227-story.html Russian sisters' low profile vanished with the San Bernardino attack Los Angeles Times December 27, 2015 September 30, 2016 Matt Hamilton Richard Winton Kate Mather https://web.archive.org/web/20160925062248/http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-adv-sb-terror-sisters-20151227-story.html September 25, 2016 live mdy-all Tatiana had first settled into Richmond, Virginia, immediately after arriving into the U.S. on a J-1 visa. There, she married another man, but the couple divorced in 2010 and Tatiana moved to southern California, where she met Raheel. In California, she began launching several businesses, including a kiosk in The Shops at Montebello, a shopping mall. Mariya Chernykh, the younger sister of Tatiana Farook and also from the village of Vysokiy, left Russia and entered the U.S. on a J-1 visa in July 2009 and failed to depart on October 30 of the same year as required by her visa.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/04/30/san-bernardino-shooting-wife-of-enrique-marquez-now-in-immigration-custody/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Wife of Enrique Marquez now in Immigration custody The Press-Enterprise April 29, 2016 May 1, 2016 Brian Rokos https://web.archive.org/web/20160501101738/http://www.pe.com/articles/bernardino-801536-san-case.html May 1, 2016 live mdy-all At some point since her arrival in the U.S., she made an application for asylum, though it is currently unknown if it was ruled on. She dated a Los Angeles man for years and had a child with him, but were forced to split up due to the sham marriage. On November 29, 2014, Chernykh entered into a sham marriage with Marquez in order to gain legal status in the U.S. According to The Los Angeles Times, after the sham marriage, Chernykh struggled to play her part; on Christmas 2014, she was urged by Tatiana to stop posting online photos of herself with her ex-boyfriend. She began working with her sister as a saleswoman at her sister's kiosk. In January 2017, she pled guilty to immigration fraud.Hamilton Matt Russian 'wife' of man accused of conspiring with gunman in San Bernardino attack pleads guilty https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-russian-wife-guilty-san-bernardino-20170126-story.html February 15, 2017 Los Angeles Times January 26, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170215041031/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-russian-wife-guilty-san-bernardino-20170126-story.html February 15, 2017 live mdy-all In late 2015, Chernykh and Marquez were set to be interviewed by immigration officials. As a result, according to the indictment, Raheel Farook created a fraudulent back-dated lease agreement that claimed the two were living with him and his wife since their marriage. Raheel and Tatiana Farook also allegedly staged family photos of Chernykh and Marquez, and established a joint transaction account for them. Prosecutors allege that on December 3, the day after the Inland Regional Center attack, Tatiana Farook lied to investigators about Chernykh and Marquez's marriage.http://ktla.com/2016/04/28/warrants-served-in-san-bernardino-terror-attack-investigation-fbi/ San Bernardino Shooter's Brother, 2 Others Arrested on Marriage Fraud Charges KTLA April 28, 2016 April 29, 2016 Tracy Bloom Kareen Wynter https://web.archive.org/web/20160429081159/http://ktla.com/2016/04/28/warrants-served-in-san-bernardino-terror-attack-investigation-fbi/ April 29, 2016 live mdy-all On February 18, 2016, the FBI searched a residence belonging to Raheel Farook, but did not comment on the exact nature of the search.https://abcnews.go.com/US/fbi-searches-home-san-bernardino-shooters-brother/story?id=37029140 FBI Searches Home of San Bernardino Shooter's Brother ABC News February 18, 2016 February 18, 2016 Julia Jacobo https://web.archive.org/web/20160219085604/https://abcnews.go.com/US/fbi-searches-home-san-bernardino-shooters-brother/story?id=37029140 February 19, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/02/19/san-bernardino-shooting-fbi-searching-farook8217s-corona-home/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: FBI searching Farook's Corona home The Press-Enterprise February 18, 2016 February 18, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160219091611/http://www.pe.com/articles/home-794623-corona-brother.html February 19, 2016 live mdy-all Raheel was not arrested or named a suspect at that time.http://www.cbsnews.com/news/san-bernardino-shooting-investigation-fbi-syed-rizwan-farook-brother FBI searches home of San Bernardino killer's sibling Associated Press February 18, 2016 February 18, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160219091946/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/san-bernardino-shooting-investigation-fbi-syed-rizwan-farook-brother/ February 19, 2016 live mdy-all Arrests and legal proceedings On April 28, 2016, the Farooks and Chernykh were arrested and charged with conspiracy to knowingly make false statements under oath with respect to immigration documents.John Bacon https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2016/04/28/three-people-links-san-bernardino-attack-arrested/83650410/ Brother of San Bernardino terrorist, 2 others arrested USA Today April 28, 2016 April 28, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160428215629/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2016/04/28/three-people-links-san-bernardino-attack-arrested/83650410/ April 28, 2016 live mdy-all These charges carry a maximum sentence of five years.Ian Lovett Richard Pérez-Peña https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/us/3-charged-in-connection-with-san-bernardino-shooting.html 3 Tied to San Bernardino Gunman Are Indicted The New York Times April 28, 2016 April 28, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160503041152/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/us/3-charged-in-connection-with-san-bernardino-shooting.html May 3, 2016 live mdy-all All three pleaded not guilty to the charges against them in a federal court in Riverside. Raheel Farook's mother and Chernykh's ex-boyfriend agreed to post their bails. The day following her arrest, Chernykh posted her bail, but she was transferred to the custody of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement by the U.S. Marshals Service and is being held at Adelanto Detention Center. Deportation proceedings against her are pending, but are on hold until the criminal case is resolved. U.S. Attorney Eileen Decker issued a statement, saying that the charges arose from the investigation into the attack. The indictment alleged that Chernykh paid Marquez to enter into a sham marriage to obtain U.S. immigration benefits. The U.S. Attorney's Office said in a statement that Raheel and Tatiana Farook conspired in the sham marriage by "witnessing Marquez and Chernykh's wedding, taking staged family pictures of Marquez and Chernykh, establishing a joint checking account for the couple and creating a back-dated lease for Marquez and Chernykh to create the illusion that they shared a marital residence." Chernykh pleaded guilty to conspiracy, perjury, and two counts of making false statements.Nelson Joe Rokos Brian As local San Bernardino terrorist attack probe closes, FBI inquiry continues https://www.pressenterprise.com/2017/05/25/as-local-investigation-into-dec-2-shooting-ends-federal-probe-continues/ June 1, 2017 Press Enterprise May 26, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170531074736/http://www.pe.com/2017/05/25/as-local-investigation-into-dec-2-shooting-ends-federal-probe-continues/ May 31, 2017 live mdy-all While she faced up to 20 years in prison, on May 17, 2021, she was sentenced to three years probation, serving no jail time, and her Russian passport was returned to her by the court.Rokos Brian 2021-05-17 Woman in sham marriage, discovered during probe into 2015 San Bernardino massacre, gets probation https://www.sbsun.com/2021/05/17/woman-in-sham-marriage-discovered-during-probe-into-2015-san-bernardino-massacre-gets-probation/ 2023-08-20 San Bernardino Sun en-US In January 2017, Raheel Farook pleaded guilty to one felony count of conspiracy to commit immigration fraud, arising from his making of a false statement in support of Chernykh's application for permanent residency.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2017/01/10/san-bernardino-shooters-brother-pleads-guilty-to-federal-immigration-fraud-charge/ San Bernardino shooter's brother pleads guilty to federal immigration-fraud charge The Press-Enterprise Brian Rokos January 10, 2017 January 10, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170504005310/http://www.pe.com/2017/01/10/san-bernardino-shooters-brother-pleads-guilty-to-federal-immigration-fraud-charge/ May 4, 2017 live mdy-all The following month, Tatiana Farook pleaded guilty to the same crime.http://www.ocregister.com/2017/02/09/tatiana-farook-sister-in-law-of-dec-2-shooter-pleads-guilty-in-marriage-fraud-case/ Tatiana Farook, sister-in-law of Dec. 2 shooter, pleads guilty in marriage-fraud case The Orange County Register February 9, 2017 February 9, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170504232027/http://www.ocregister.com/2017/02/09/tatiana-farook-sister-in-law-of-dec-2-shooter-pleads-guilty-in-marriage-fraud-case/ May 4, 2017 live mdy-all The maximum sentence in both cases is five years in prison, three years of supervised release, and a $250,000 fine. Both were initially set to be sentenced on November 13, 2017, but this was postponed to March 19, 2018, three days before.https://www.sbsun.com/2017/11/10/sentencings-for-couple-related-to-dec-2-2015-san-bernardino-shooter-are-postponed/ Sentencings for couple related to Dec. 2, 2015, San Bernardino shooter are postponed The San Bernardino Sun November 10, 2017 February 14, 2018 Brian Rokos https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024024/https://www.sbsun.com/2017/11/10/sentencings-for-couple-related-to-dec-2-2015-san-bernardino-shooter-are-postponed/ February 15, 2018 live mdy-all Both were later sentenced to three years of probation.2021-02-06 Sister-in-law of San Bernardino terror attack gunman gets probation for role in sham marriage scheme https://ktla.com/news/local-news/sister-in-law-of-san-bernardino-terror-attack-gunman-gets-probation-for-role-in-sham-marriage-scheme/ 2022-02-14 KTLA en-US Service City News Team KESQ News 2020-11-10 Brother of San Bernardino terrorist sentenced to three years probation https://kesq.com/news/crime/2020/11/09/brother-of-san-bernardino-terrorist-sentenced-to-three-years-probation/ 2022-02-14 KESQ en-US Rafia Sultana Shareef (Rafia Farook) In March 2020, Rafia Sultana Shareef, the mother of Syed Rizwan Farook and Syed Raheel Farook, pleaded guilty to one count of destroying evidence, becoming the only person prosecuted for a crime directly related to the December 2015 terrorist attack. Assistant U.S. Attorney Julius Nam argued, "The defendant chose to deliberately destroy a document that was central to the understanding of the planning". The FBI recovered what prosecutors called the "attack plan" from a shredder in Raheel Farook's home in Corona and reconstructed it using a computer and scanner, according to Assistant U.S. Attorney Christopher Grigg.2021-02-11 San Bernardino terrorist's mother, who destroyed attack plan, is sentenced to house arrest https://www.sbsun.com/2021/02/11/san-bernardino-terrorists-mother-who-destroyed-attack-plan-is-sentenced-to-home-confinement 2021-07-29 San Gabriel Valley Tribune en-US Prosecutors did not allege in court that Shareef, who shared a townhouse with Farook and Malik, knew in advance about the terrorists' plans, but in a statement on March 3, 2020, said, "Shareef admitted that she knew her son had produced the document, and she believed it was directly related to his planning of the IRC attack."Mother of San Bernardino attacker to plead guilty to destroying evidence https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/mother-san-bernardino-attacker-plead-guilty-destroying-evidence-n1149111 2021-07-29 NBC News March 4, 2020 en The "attack plan" included a diagram of the Inland Regional Center conference room and a pathway for the shooters to take between the tables. It also listed action items such as practicing at a shooting range, destroying electronics that authorities could use for tracking, purchasing parts to construct IEDs, and transferring funds to Shareef's bank account. On February 11, 2021, U.S. District Court Judge Jesus G. Bernal sentenced Shareef to six months of home confinement and three years of probation. While the maximum sentence had been 20 years in federal prison, under her plea agreement she faced at most 18 months in custody. Prior to sentencing, Shareef apologized to the handful of victims and survivors who were in the Riverside courthouse gallery, saying, "I pray for each of your family members" and to the judge, saying, "I am sorry for what I did." Aftermath Emergency response discussion On March 18, 2016, California State Assemblyman Freddie Rodriguez of the Joint Legislative Committee on Emergency Management conducted a hearing in which first responders were to share details of the response to the attack and possible aspects that could be improved on. During the hearing, Michael Madden, a lieutenant with the San Bernardino Police Department and one of the first responders to respond to the Inland Regional Center, requested state aid in encrypting police radio channels. He explained that police communications were playing out real-time across the U.S. during the attack, being broadcast on YouTube and other network systems. According to Madden, this put first responders at risk, as potential suspects could have been monitoring the communications and tracking the actions of law enforcement. He added that the City of San Bernardino, as well as San Bernardino County, were moving towards a radio system that will incorporate encrypted frequencies.https://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20160318/assemblyman-hosts-hearing-today-in-san-bernardino-on-terror-attack Assemblyman hosts hearing today in San Bernardino on terror attack San Bernardino County Sun March 18, 2016 March 18, 2016 Joe Nelson https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/03/18/san-bernardino-shooting-radio-restrictions-armored-vehicles-discussed-in-terrorist-attack-hearing/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Radio restrictions, armored vehicles discussed in terrorist attack hearing The Press-Enterprise March 18, 2016 March 18, 2016 Richard K. De Atley https://web.archive.org/web/20160320115735/http://www.pe.com/articles/radio-797436-bernardino-san.html March 20, 2016 live mdy-all Gun control discussion President Barack Obama called for "common sense" gun safety laws and stronger background checks as part of a bipartisan effort to reduce the frequency of such shootings.President Obama responds to San Bernardino shootings December 2, 2015 http://abc7.com/news/president-obama-responds-to-san-bernardino-shootings/1107280 ABC7 Los Angeles December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203213240/http://abc7.com/news/president-obama-responds-to-san-bernardino-shootings/1107280/ December 3, 2015 live mdy-all In an interview with CBS News' Norah O'Donnell, Obama said, "We have a pattern now of mass shootings in this country that has no parallel anywhere else in the world."Bryon Tau https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2015/12/02/in-grim-ritual-barack-obama-again-calls-for-stricter-gun-control-after-mass-shooting In Grim Ritual, Barack Obama Again Calls for Stricter Gun Control After Mass Shooting The Wall Street Journal December 2, 2015 August 4, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170227181009/http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2015/12/02/in-grim-ritual-barack-obama-again-calls-for-stricter-gun-control-after-mass-shooting/ February 27, 2017 live mdy-all Obama called for legislation to block people on the anti-terrorism No Fly List from purchasing weapons. Speaker of the House Paul Ryan opposed this proposal, saying that denying persons on the list the right to bear arms would violate their due process rights.Donovan Slack Paul Singer Erin Kelly https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/12/03/ryan-urges-caution-on-gun-legislation/76714608 House Republicans urge caution on gun legislation USA Today December 3, 2015 August 23, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170902233938/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/12/03/ryan-urges-caution-on-gun-legislation/76714608/ September 2, 2017 live mdy-all After the shooting, some Democrats sought to tighten federal gun control regulations, "laying blame on a culture that allows even people who are not permitted to board airplanes to buy guns with ease," while some Republicans criticized what they believe to be "the Obama administration's unwillingness to come to terms with the true threat posed by Muslim extremists."Noah Bierman Evan Halper https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-san-bernardino-shooting-national-politics-20151203-story.html After shooting, Republicans want a 'wake-up call' on terrorism, Democrats on gun control Los Angeles Times December 3, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206141231/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/la-na-san-bernardino-shooting-national-politics-20151203-story.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all Members of the California State Legislature also proposed to revisit some gun-control proposals that had previously stalled, with one assemblyman proposing a prohibition of the sale of guns to those on the federal No Fly List. On January 8, 2016, Representative Pete Aguilar of Redlands spoke on the floor of the House of Representatives and called for gun control.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/01/08/san-bernardino-shooting-pete-aguilar-stumps-for-gun-control-on-house-floor/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Pete Aguilar stumps for gun control on House floor The Press-Enterprise January 8, 2016 January 8, 2016 Jeff Horseman https://web.archive.org/web/20160109230132/http://www.pe.com/articles/control-791216-floor-aguilar.html January 9, 2016 live mdy-all After the shooting, gun sales in California increased by more than 18,000, following an overall down year for statewide sales.http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/20/56927/gun-sales-spiked-in-california-after-san-bernardin Gun sales spiked in California after San Bernardino shooting KPCC January 20, 2016 January 20, 2016 Aaron Mendelson https://web.archive.org/web/20160122153937/http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/20/56927/gun-sales-spiked-in-california-after-san-bernardin/ January 22, 2016 live mdy-all Applications for concealed carry permits also rose 750 percent in San Bernardino County.http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20160109/concealed-weapons-permit-requests-soar-in-wake-of-san-bernardino-terror-attack Concealed weapons permit requests soar in wake of San Bernardino terror attack The San Bernardino Sun January 9, 2016 January 19, 2016 Jim Steinberg https://web.archive.org/web/20160114070913/http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20160109/concealed-weapons-permit-requests-soar-in-wake-of-san-bernardino-terror-attack January 14, 2016 live mdy-all The families of the shooting victims reacted to President Obama's executive action to tighten gun regulation and expand background checks. A number of family members expressed support for the plans as necessary and long overdue, while a few doubted whether they would reduce gun violence.Liset Márquez http://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20160105/san-bernardino-shooting-victims-families-react-to-obamas-action-on-gun-laws San Bernardino shooting victims' families react to Obama's action on gun laws Inland Valley Daily Bulletin January 5, 2016 February 13, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160209142436/http://www.sbsun.com/government-and-politics/20160105/san-bernardino-shooting-victims-families-react-to-obamas-action-on-gun-laws February 9, 2016 live mdy-all Mark Muckenfuss https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/01/05/san-bernardino-shooting-victims8217-families-weigh-obama8217s-gun-control-speech/ San Bernardino Shooting: Victims' families weigh Obama's gun-control speech The Press-Enterprise January 5, 2016 February 13, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160109092424/http://www.pe.com/articles/gun-790934-bernardino-san.html January 9, 2016 live mdy-all Prior to the attack, a measure was sponsored by Senator Dianne Feinstein; it would allow the U.S. to ban sales of guns and explosives to people listed on government watch lists of suspected terrorists. The so-called "Feinstein Amendment" came to the Senate floor one day after the attack, but failed on a party-line vote, with Democrats in favor and Republicans opposed.https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/06/15/us/politics/ap-us-guns-congress.html Dem Senator Frustrated by Inaction on Guns Begins Filibuster June 15, 2016 The New York Times Associated Press 0362-4331 July 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160619132141/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/06/15/us/politics/ap-us-guns-congress.html June 19, 2016 live mdy-all On June 16, 2016, Tina Meins, the daughter of one of the fourteen people killed in the attack, spoke in a press conference arranged by Connecticut Senator Chris Murphy, just a day after Murphy launched a fifteen-hour filibuster on the U.S. Senate floor, regarding federal gun control legislation. In the press conference, Meins asserted her support for gun control and questioned the Senate's vote against the Feinstein Amendment, explaining that more than 2,000 terror suspects were able to purchase firearms since 2004.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/06/16/orlando-mass-shooting-san-bernardino-shooting-victim8217s-daughter-8216it8217s-time-to-disarm-hate8217/ ORLANDO MASS SHOOTING: San Bernardino shooting victim's daughter: 'It's time to disarm hate.' The Press-Enterprise June 16, 2016 July 4, 2016 Suzanne Hurt https://web.archive.org/web/20160619204621/http://www.pe.com/articles/meins-805953-shooting-prevent.html June 19, 2016 live mdy-all The New York Times published a front-page editorial, the first in 95 years, which called for gun-control measures. https://www.npr.org/2015/12/05/458573109/new-york-times-publishes-first-front-page-editorial-in-nearly-100-years New York Times Publishes First Front Page Editorial In Nearly 100 Years Weekend Edition Saturday NPR December 5, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206002811/http://www.npr.org/2015/12/05/458573109/new-york-times-publishes-first-front-page-editorial-in-nearly-100-years December 6, 2015 live mdy-all The Times editorial board wrote: "It is a moral outrage and a national disgrace that civilians can legally purchase weapons designed specifically to kill people with brutal speed and efficiency."Editorial Board, The https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/opinion/end-the-gun-epidemic-in-america.html End the Gun Epidemic in America The New York Times December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205050658/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/opinion/end-the-gun-epidemic-in-america.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all Arthur O. Sulzberger, Jr., publisher of the Times, said the placement of the editorial on the front page was "to deliver a strong and visible statement of frustration and anguish about our country's inability to come to terms with the scourge of guns."Ravi Somaiya https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/gun-debate-yields-page-1-editorial.html Gun Debate Yields Page One Editorial The New York Times December 5, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205050657/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/05/us/gun-debate-yields-page-1-editorial.html December 5, 2015 live mdy-all On April 20, 2016, California state lawmakers gave initial approval to five gun control bills, which outlawed assault weapons with detachable magazines, prohibited the sale of rifles with the "bullet button" device, banned possession of magazines holding more than ten rounds, required the collection of information on people intending to buy ammunition for any kind of firearm, and required improvised firearms to be registered with the state and given a serial number. The measures have been opposed by a number of politicians and gun rights organizations such as the National Rifle Association and Gun Owners of California.https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-gun-control-bills-20160419-story.html Lawmakers advance gun control measures in response to San Bernardino massacre Los Angeles Times April 20, 2016 April 20, 2016 Patrick McGreevy https://web.archive.org/web/20160420111824/http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-gun-control-bills-20160419-story.html April 20, 2016 live mdy-all Some of the bills were approved by Governor Brown on July 1, 2016, and went into effect in 2017.http://www.newsy.com/videos/california-tightens-gun-laws-in-aftermath-of-san-bernardino-orlando/ California Tightens Gun Laws In Aftermath Of San Bernardino, Orlando NewsY July 2, 2016 July 3, 2016 Ethan Weston https://web.archive.org/web/20160705063828/http://www.newsy.com/videos/california-tightens-gun-laws-in-aftermath-of-san-bernardino-orlando/ July 5, 2016 live mdy-all Lawsuits On January 13, 2016, the wife of one of the slain victims filed wrongful death claims against San Bernardino County and dozens of unidentified individuals, and also sought damages totaling $58 million, saying that her husband's death was preventable and caused by negligence.http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-san-bernardino-shooting-damages-20160113-story.html Widow of San Bernardino shooting victim files $58 million in wrongful death claims Chicago Tribune wire reports January 13, 2016 April 29, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160331032400/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-san-bernardino-shooting-damages-20160113-story.html March 31, 2016 live mdy-all On January 22, 2016, three relatives of another slain victim filed identical claims against the county for similar reasons and also claimed that the county fostered a hostile workplace environment and failed to provide safety to the Inland Regional Center's employees. The three relatives sought for a total of $204 million.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/01/22/san-bernardino-shooting-family-members-of-victim-seek-204-million-from-county/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Family members of victim seek $204 million from county The Press-Enterprise January 22, 2016 January 22, 2016 Brian Rokos https://web.archive.org/web/20160124022143/http://www.pe.com/articles/county-792427-million-san.html January 24, 2016 live mdy-all At least five San Bernardino city residents filed claims with the City of San Bernardino seeking reimbursement for least $12,000 in property damage caused by bullets in the shootout, which hit a resident's truck and other items; the city council voted 5–2 to deny the claims. The city police were one of seven law enforcement agencies on the scene, and it is uncertain which agency fired what bullets.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/01/14/san-bernardino-shooting-claim-is-just-first-step-in-long-process/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Claim is just first step in long process The Press-Enterprise January 13, 2016 January 14, 2016 Richard K. De Atley https://web.archive.org/web/20160118071441/http://www.pe.com/articles/wetzel-791682-claim-county.html January 18, 2016 live mdy-all http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20160122/san-bernardino-denies-claims-from-response-to-dec-2-attack San Bernardino denies claims from response to Dec. 2 attack The San Bernardino Sun January 22, 2016 January 23, 2016 Ryan Hagen https://web.archive.org/web/20160124090937/http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20160122/san-bernardino-denies-claims-from-response-to-dec-2-attack January 24, 2016 live mdy-all On May 31, 2016, federal prosecutors filed a lawsuit against Farook's family. This lawsuit would allow them to seize both the proceeds of two life insurance policies (and the policies themselves) held by Farook, both of which listed Farook's mother as the beneficiary. One policy worth $25,000 was taken out by Farook in 2012 when he started working for the county, while the other, worth $250,000, was taken out the following year. According to NBC News, "Under federal law, assets derived from terrorism are subject to forfeiture. A federal judge must approve an application before the government can seize the money."https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-attack-life-insurance-lawsuit-20160531-snap-story.html Should a terrorist's family collect insurance money after he killed 14 people in the San Bernardino attack? Los Angeles Times May 31, 2016 June 1, 2016 Joseph Serna Sarah Parvini Matt Hamilton Corina Knoll https://web.archive.org/web/20160601020449/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-attack-life-insurance-lawsuit-20160531-snap-story.html June 1, 2016 live mdy-all http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/feds-file-suit-against-family-san-bernardino-shooter-seize-life-n583781 Feds File Suit Against Family of San Bernardino Shooter to Seize Life Insurance Policies NBC News June 1, 2016 June 1, 2016 Andrew Blankstein Elizabeth Chuck https://web.archive.org/web/20160602025431/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/feds-file-suit-against-family-san-bernardino-shooter-seize-life-n583781 June 2, 2016 live mdy-all http://www.cbsnews.com/news/feds-file-suit-to-seize-san-bernardino-shooters-life-insurance/ Feds file suit to seize San Bernardino shooter's life insurance CBS News Associated Press May 31, 2016 June 1, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160602131653/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/feds-file-suit-to-seize-san-bernardino-shooters-life-insurance/ June 2, 2016 live mdy-all In the six-page lawsuit, the life insurance company claimed that Farook's mother was aware of her son's intentions to carry out the attack, and reasoned that she should not be entitled to the benefits as a result.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/06/09/san-bernardino-shooting-lawsuit-reveals-quandary-over-shooters-life-insurance-benefits/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Lawsuit reveals quandary over shooter's life insurance benefits The Press-Enterprise June 9, 2016 June 12, 2016 Joe Nelson https://web.archive.org/web/20160611131746/http://www.pe.com/articles/life-805336-farook-lawsuit.html June 11, 2016 live mdy-all On September 2, 2016, government officials said they wanted to give the money to the victims' families.http://abc7.com/news/judge-may-decide-if-san-bernardino-shooters-life-insurance-money-goes-to-victims-or-mom/1496372/ Government Wants Money From Life Insurance Policies of San Bernardino Terror Shooter Given to Families' Victims KABC-TV September 2, 2016 September 5, 2016 Rob McMillan https://web.archive.org/web/20160904030659/http://abc7.com/news/judge-may-decide-if-san-bernardino-shooters-life-insurance-money-goes-to-victims-or-mom/1496372/ September 4, 2016 live mdy-all In December 2022, The Press-Enterprise reported the insurance company had paid the claims, but the money was being held by the court pending resolution of the case.Rokos Brian 2022-12-02 Feds still seeking life insurance payout left by shooter in San Bernardino terror attack https://www.sbsun.com/2022/12/02/feds-still-seeking-life-insurance-payout-left-by-shooter-in-san-bernardino-terror-attack 2023-01-23 Press Enterprise en-US Planned memorial On May 5, 2016, a group created by San Bernardino County announced plans for a memorial dedicated to the victims and survivors of the attack, as well as the first responders involved.https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-memorial-terror-attack-20160505-story.html San Bernardino County plans to create a memorial to the terror attack victims Los Angeles Times May 5, 2016 May 6, 2016 Paloma Esquivel https://web.archive.org/web/20160506075725/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-memorial-terror-attack-20160505-story.html May 6, 2016 live mdy-all Details about the design of the memorial, meant to be a fountain and garden, were released on the next day. Groundbreaking was slated to begin on June 2, the six-month anniversary of the attack.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/05/06/san-bernardino-shooting-union-unveils-memorial-plans-for-victims/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Union unveils memorial plans for victims May 6, 2016 May 6, 2016 Alejandra Molina Press Enterprise https://web.archive.org/web/20160601155823/http://www.pe.com/articles/memorial-802174-mendoza-bernardino.html June 1, 2016 live mdy-all As of 2017, however, the memorial was still in the development stage.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2017/06/02/permanent-san-bernardino-terrorist-attack-memorial-plans-in-development/ Permanent San Bernardino terrorist attack memorial plans in development The Press-Enterprise June 2, 2017 February 14, 2018 Richard K. De Atley https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024330/https://www.pe.com/2017/06/02/permanent-san-bernardino-terrorist-attack-memorial-plans-in-development/ February 15, 2018 live mdy-all Such memorials usually take five to ten years to be completed.https://www.sbsun.com/2017/12/01/after-two-years-san-bernardino-county-selects-consultant-for-memorial-to-honor-victims-of-terrorist-attack/ After two years, San Bernardino County selects consultant for memorial to honor victims of terrorist attack The San Bernardino Sun December 1, 2017 February 14, 2018 Joe Nelson https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024300/https://www.sbsun.com/2017/12/01/after-two-years-san-bernardino-county-selects-consultant-for-memorial-to-honor-victims-of-terrorist-attack/ February 15, 2018 live mdy-all Threats against schools Hours after the attack, classes were canceled at California State University, San Bernardino and at Loma Linda University following a bomb threat that was called in to the university's medical center, where many injured victims were being treated. On December 15, after the Los Angeles Unified School District received a threat of attack by "explosive devices" and other means, Superintendent of Schools Ramon Cortines ordered the closure of all schools in the district for the day. Cortines cited the San Bernardino incident as an influence in his decision to close the schools. New York City received the same threat, but the New York City Department of Education determined it was a hoax and took no action.Brown Emma All Los Angeles public schools closed due to threat to 'many' schools https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/education/wp/2015/12/15/all-los-angeles-public-schools-closed-due-to-threat December 15, 2015 The Washington Post November 15, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151215201230/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/education/wp/2015/12/15/all-los-angeles-public-schools-closed-due-to-threat/ December 15, 2015 live mdy-all Threats Against 'Many Schools' Prompt LAUSD To Shut Down All Campuses http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/15/lausd-considers-closing-all-campuses-school-buses-recalled-to-yard CBS Los Angeles November 15, 2015 December 15, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151218062237/http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/15/lausd-considers-closing-all-campuses-school-buses-recalled-to-yard/ December 18, 2015 live mdy-all Release of after-action report On September 9, 2016, the Police Foundation and the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office) released a review of law enforcement response to the attack.https://cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2889 COPS Office: Department of Justice Releases Critical Incident Review of the San Bernardino Public Safety Response United States Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services September 9, 2016 November 11, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161114165442/https://cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2889 November 14, 2016 live mdy-all The review provided a detailed overview of the incident response; lessons learned to improve responding agencies' policies, procedures, tactics, systems, culture, and relationships; and guidance to other agencies and first responders as they prepare for responses to terrorist, active shooter, or other hostile events, and mass-casualty incidents.https://www.policefoundation.org/new-report-bringing-calm-to-chaos-a-police-foundation-review-of-the-san-bernardino-terrorist-attacks/ New Report: Bringing Calm To Chaos: A Police Foundation review of the San Bernardino terrorist attacks National Police Foundation Police Foundation September 9, 2016 November 11, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161114085507/https://www.policefoundation.org/new-report-bringing-calm-to-chaos-a-police-foundation-review-of-the-san-bernardino-terrorist-attacks/ November 14, 2016 live mdy-all Survivors On the one-year anniversary of the attack, it was reported that a number of survivors were accusing San Bernardino County of cutting off support for them. This included a lack of access to counseling or antidepressant medication, the injured attempting to get surgeries approved and physical therapy covered, a lack of assistance in dealing with a complex workers' compensation program, and health insurers refusing to cover injuries because they occurred during an act of workplace violence. A county spokesman denied the accusations and said, "The county is, and always has been, committed to ensuring our employees get all the care they need." Anniversary commemoration events On the first anniversary of the attack, a bicycle ride hosted by the Redlands-based club "Ride Yourself Fit" was held at 7:30a.m.; dozens of local bicyclists, many of them police officers, rode 14 mi, with one mile representing each person killed in the attack. The remembrance bicycle ride continues to be held every December 2. A remembrance ceremony was held at a local blood bank at 8:00a.m. Later that morning, over 200 people at the Inland Regional Center held a moment of silence outside the building. At 3:30p.m., a "Peace Garden" was opened on the campus of California State University, San Bernardino; it was dedicated in the memory of five of the victims, who were all alumni of the university.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-anniversary-idUSKBN13R13R In San Bernardino, solemn ceremony marks mass shooting Reuters December 2, 2016 December 2, 2016 Alex Dobuzinskis Patrick Fallon https://web.archive.org/web/20161202110600/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-california-shooting-anniversary-idUSKBN13R13R December 2, 2016 live mdy-all http://ktla.com/2016/12/02/memorials-to-mark-1-year-anniversary-of-san-bernardino-terror-attack/ Memorials Mark 1-Year Anniversary of San Bernardino Terror Attack December 2, 2016 December 2, 2016 Tracy Bloom Eric Spillman Elizabeth Espinosa KTLA https://web.archive.org/web/20161203145208/http://ktla.com/2016/12/02/memorials-to-mark-1-year-anniversary-of-san-bernardino-terror-attack/ December 3, 2016 live mdy-all Reactions Local and county reactions Following the attack, county offices, including the Department of Public Health, were closed the remainder of the week, with only the most essential services remaining open.http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/03/most-san-bernardino-county-offices-to-remain-closed-after-mass-shooting Most San Bernardino County Offices To Remain Closed After Mass Shooting CBS Los Angeles December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204135949/http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/12/03/most-san-bernardino-county-offices-to-remain-closed-after-mass-shooting/ December 4, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/county-offices-closed County Offices Closed The New York Times December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206130634/http://www.nytimes.com/live/san-bernardino-shooting/county-offices-closed/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all Most of the county's 20,000 employees returned to work on December 7, 2015,Amy Taxin Brian Skoloff https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2015/12/06/woman-in-deadly-california-rampage-became-fervently-devout San Bernardino County to Reopen for Business After Attacks Associated Press December 7, 2015 August 23, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171116035839/https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2015/12/06/woman-in-deadly-california-rampage-became-fervently-devout November 16, 2017 live mdy-all though Inland Regional Center personnel worked remotely.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/01/03/san-bernardino-shooting-inland-regional-center-to-reopen-county-honoring-victims/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: New year of hope and farewells The Press-Enterprise December 31, 2015 January 3, 2016 Richard K. De Atley https://web.archive.org/web/20160103215751/http://www.pe.com/articles/center-790699-county-attack.html January 3, 2016 live mdy-all The Inland Regional Center remained closed until January 4, 2016.John Rogers http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/4893690-181/story.html Site of San Bernardino shootings closed until 2016 Associated Press December 8, 2015 December 15, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151222085420/http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/4893690-181/story.html December 22, 2015 dead mdy-all https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-inland-regional-center-reopening-20160102-story.html Inland Regional Center reopening with heightened security, one month after San Bernardino attack Los Angeles Times January 2, 2016 January 2, 2016 Abby Sewell https://web.archive.org/web/20160103071421/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-inland-regional-center-reopening-20160102-story.html January 3, 2016 live mdy-all Its two main buildings now operated under heightened security; the building where the attack took place will remain closed indefinitely.http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-california-shootings-20160104-story.html Workers return to site of San Bernardino massacre as offices reopen Chicago Tribune Associated Press January 4, 2016 January 4, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160106003047/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-california-shootings-20160104-story.html January 6, 2016 live mdy-all The location of a planned train station next to the center was moved eastward due in part to the center's new security procedures.http://www.redlandsrailproject.org/newsletter/ Newsletter Redlands Passenger Rail Project March 23, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170321172845/http://www.redlandsrailproject.org/newsletter/ March 21, 2017 usurped mdy-all The City of San Bernardino incurred up to 1 million in unforeseen expenses (such as the deployment of more police officers on extended shifts) as a result of the attack, and planned to seek state and federal emergency funds to help cover the costs.Paloma Esquivel Richard Winton https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-1215-sb-terror-costs-20151215-story.html San Bernardino seeks help to pay $1 million in costs from shooting Los Angeles Times December 15, 2015 December 15, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151215223828/http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-1215-sb-terror-costs-20151215-story.html December 15, 2015 live mdy-all California governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency in San Bernardino County, since roughly 35 percent of the Department of Public Health employees were among those killed or wounded in the attack, and the attack left the county with very few health inspectors to do critical work. The emergency declaration will allow the state of California to send in additional health inspectors for assistance.https://news.yahoo.com/california-governor-declares-emergency-response-san-bernardino-attack-022855587.html California governor declares emergency in response to San Bernardino attack Yahoo! News Reuters December 18, 2015 December 18, 2015 Sharon Bernstein https://web.archive.org/web/20151220131451/http://news.yahoo.com/california-governor-declares-emergency-response-san-bernardino-attack-022855587.html December 20, 2015 live mdy-all On March 22, 2016, San Bernardino County unanimously voted to accept a 1.5 million agreement with the California Association of Environmental Health Administrators to provide up to 30 temporary health inspectors to replace those currently on leave.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/03/23/san-bernardino-shooting-county-to-hire-temp-environmental-health-workers/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: County to hire temp environmental health workers The Press-Enterprise March 22, 2016 March 25, 2016 Alejandro Molina https://web.archive.org/web/20160325144944/http://www.pe.com/articles/county-797765-san-bernardino.html March 25, 2016 live mdy-all As of May 29, 2016, 50 percent of county environmental health staff remain on leave, and temporary staff remain on loan from Riverside, Orange, Los Angeles, Contra Costa, Marin, Ventura, and San Luis Obispo Counties. About 2,000 local residents gathered at a candlelight vigil at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino the day after the attack. At the vigil, Mayor R. Carey Davis praised the first responders, said that the tragedy "has forever impacted our community," and talked about how the community had come together following the attack.Peter Hecht https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/article47902585.html Residents attending San Bernardino stadium vigil share grief The Sacramento Bee December 3, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208160348/http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/article47902585.html#storylink=cpy December 8, 2015 live mdy-all Melissa MacBride http://abc7.com/news/thousands-gather-for-san-bernardino-vigil/1109241 Thousands gather for San Bernardino vigil following mass shooting ABC News December 3, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206123738/http://abc7.com/news/thousands-gather-for-san-bernardino-vigil/1109241/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all Five of the victims and one of the killers were graduates of California State University, San Bernardino; on December 8, 2015, more than 1,000 students, alumni, and community members attended a candlelight vigil on campus in honor of the victims.M. Alex Johnson http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/they-attacked-all-people-emotional-vigils-remember-san-bernardino-victims-n475996 San Bernardino Shooting: Emotional Vigils Mourn the Victims NBC News December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209045228/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/they-attacked-all-people-emotional-vigils-remember-san-bernardino-victims-n475996 December 9, 2015 live mdy-all Taylor Goldenstein https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-university-vigil-20151208-story.html San Bernardino shooting vigil: Victim was 'Superman,' friends say Los Angeles Times December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208223046/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-university-vigil-20151208-story.html December 8, 2015 live mdy-all On January 4, 2016, a memorial for the slain victims was held at the Citizens Business Bank Arena in nearby Ontario, with thousands in attendance, including Governor Brown, California Attorney General Kamala Harris, former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani, and Christian pastor Rick Warren.http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Thousands-Expected-at-Memorial-for-Victims-in-San-Bernardino-Mass-Shooting-364163291.html Memorial for Victims of San Bernardino Mass Shooting Features Pastor Rick Warren Speech NBC Los Angeles January 4, 2016 January 4, 2016 Patrick Healy Jason Kandel https://web.archive.org/web/20160301092932/http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/Thousands-Expected-at-Memorial-for-Victims-in-San-Bernardino-Mass-Shooting-364163291.html March 1, 2016 live mdy-all https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/01/04/san-bernardino-shooting-8216you-can8217t-beat-us-rudy-giuliani-tells-terrorists-in-memorial-speech/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: 'You can't beat us,' Rudy Giuliani tells terrorists in memorial speech The Press-Enterprise January 4, 2016 January 4, 2016 Stephen Wall Alicia Robinson https://web.archive.org/web/20160108044352/http://www.pe.com/articles/employees-790847-county-arena.html January 8, 2016 live mdy-all After the attack, a relief fund for San Bernardino was set up and has raised 2.48 million as of March 3, 2016.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/03/03/san-bernardino-shooting-relief-fund-reaches-248-million/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: Relief fund reaches $2.48 million The Press-Enterprise March 3, 2016 March 3, 2016 Alejandra Molina https://web.archive.org/web/20160305111743/http://www.pe.com/articles/fund-796074-relief-clergy.html March 5, 2016 live mdy-all On July 5, 2016, the relief fund finished distributing the entirety of its raised money to the families of the deceased victims (which all received 80 percent of the funds), the 22 people injured (who received 15.5 percent), and witnesses to the shooting (who received 4.5 percent). There were 75 named recipients in total, though the two police officers injured in the shootout with the perpetrators declined their share of the compensation.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/07/05/san-bernardino-shooting-all-united-way-money-given-to-victims/ SAN BERNARDINO SHOOTING: All United Way money given to victims The Press-Enterprise July 5, 2016 July 5, 2016 Ryan Hagen https://web.archive.org/web/20160707153016/http://www.pe.com/articles/united-807505-way-money.html July 7, 2016 live mdy-all Nationwide reactions President Barack Obama ordered U.S. flags to be flown at half-staff at the White House, public buildings, military installations, Navy ships, embassies, and diplomatic missions.Associated Press http://wjhl.com/2015/12/03/the-latest-obama-orders-flags-at-half-staff-after-shooting Obama orders flags at half-staff after shooting WJHL December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206041938/http://wjhl.com/2015/12/03/the-latest-obama-orders-flags-at-half-staff-after-shooting/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/03/politics/san-bernadino-shooting-political-reaction Obama: 'It's possible' San Bernardino shooting was terrorism CNN December 3, 2015 Tom LoBianco Allie Malloy December 11, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095855/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/03/politics/san-bernadino-shooting-political-reaction/ December 22, 2015 live mdy-all On December 18, 2015, President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama met in San Bernardino with families of the fatal victims, and emergency personnel who first responded to the incident.http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/18/politics/san-bernardino-obama-visit/ President Obama visits San Bernardino shooting victims, families, responders CNN December 18, 2015 December 19, 2015 Paul Vercammen Ben Brumfield Kevin Liptak https://web.archive.org/web/20151219203841/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/18/politics/san-bernardino-obama-visit/ December 19, 2015 live mdy-all The governors of several states also ordered flags to be lowered to half-staff in their states as well.http://www.ktvz.com/news/Gov-orders-flags-to-half-staff-to-honor-Calif-shooting-victims/36778918 Gov orders flags to half-staff to honor Calif. shooting victims KTVZ December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208065704/http://www.ktvz.com/news/Gov-orders-flags-to-half-staff-to-honor-Calif-shooting-victims/36778918 December 8, 2015 live mdy-all David Moran http://www.courant.com/breaking-news/hc-malloy-flag-half-staff-1204-20151203-story.html Malloy Orders Flags to Half-Staff to Honor San Bernardino Shooting Victims Hartford Courant December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208223431/http://www.courant.com/breaking-news/hc-malloy-flag-half-staff-1204-20151203-story.html December 8, 2015 live mdy-all John Boyd http://www.kwch.com/news/local-news/govenror-orders-flags-at-half-staff-in-wake-of-california-shooting/36778334 Governor orders flags at half staff in wake of California shooting KWCH December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208042925/http://www.kwch.com/news/local-news/govenror-orders-flags-at-half-staff-in-wake-of-california-shooting/36778334 December 8, 2015 dead mdy-all In California, the annual Christmas tree lighting ceremony at the State Capitol was canceled and all flags were lowered to half-staff.Bryan Alexander https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/12/02/governor-cancels-capitol-christmas-tree-ceremony-wake-shooting/76696228 Governor cancels capitol Christmas tree ceremony in wake of shooting USA Today December 2, 2015 August 23, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20161203012900/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/12/02/governor-cancels-capitol-christmas-tree-ceremony-wake-shooting/76696228/ December 3, 2016 live mdy-all Factbox: Political reactions to deadly shooting in San Bernardino, California https://news.yahoo.com/factbox-political-reactions-deadly-shooting-san-bernardino-california-002904360.html Yahoo News December 3, 2015 December 3, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206132215/http://news.yahoo.com/factbox-political-reactions-deadly-shooting-san-bernardino-california-002904360.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all Twelve of the dead were members of the Service Employees International Union; SEIU international president Mary Kay Henry said, "Our hearts are broken from this tragedy. ... We will unite to demand that our nation does everything possible to ensure that no more families have to feel this pain, sadness and loss ever again."Dave Jamieson https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/union-workers-killed-san-bernardino_5662157de4b079b2818ec90e Union Says 10 of 14 Killed in San Bernardino Were Members HuffPost December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151205011019/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/union-workers-killed-san-bernardino_5662157de4b079b2818ec90e December 5, 2015 live mdy-all Muslim reactions American Muslim organizations, including Council on American–Islamic Relations (CAIR) and Islamic Society of Orange County, condemned the attacks.American Muslim Organizations Condemn San Bernardino Shooting http://www.newsweek.com/american-muslim-organizations-condemn-san-bernardino-shooting-400727 Newsweek December 3, 2015 Lucy Westcott December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151204202201/http://www.newsweek.com/american-muslim-organizations-condemn-san-bernardino-shooting-400727 December 4, 2015 live mdy-all A night vigil was held the day after the attacks at the largest mosque in the San Bernardino County, the Ahmadiyya Baitul Hameed Mosque.http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/12/4/southern-california-pakistanis-shaken-by-shooters-identity.html Southern California Pakistanis shaken by shooters' identities Haya El Nasser Al Jazeera December 4, 2015 December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206003042/http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/12/4/southern-california-pakistanis-shaken-by-shooters-identity.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20151203/ahmadiyya-muslim-community-to-hold-prayer-vigil-in-chino-for-san-bernardino-shooting-victims Ahmadiyya Muslim Community to hold prayer vigil in Chino for San Bernardino shooting victims December 3, 2015 San Bernardino County Sun December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208130024/http://www.sbsun.com/general-news/20151203/ahmadiyya-muslim-community-to-hold-prayer-vigil-in-chino-for-san-bernardino-shooting-victims December 8, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.voanews.com/a/muslim-community-condemns-violent-acts-of-mass-shooting-suspects/3087693.html Muslims Condemn Violent Acts of Mass Shooting Suspects December 4, 2015 Voice of America December 5, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208055036/http://www.voanews.com/content/muslim-community-condemns-violent-acts-of-mass-shooting-suspects/3087693.html December 8, 2015 live mdy-all In the aftermath of the shooting, CAIR reported an escalation in anti-Muslim hate crimes in the U.S., including the throwing of a pig's head at a mosque in Philadelphia, the beating of a Queens shop owner, and incidents of death threats and vandalism.Muslims report more bias cases across USA https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/12/08/us-muslims-report-more-bias-cases-across-nation/76982412 USA Today December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209095038/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/12/08/us-muslims-report-more-bias-cases-across-nation/76982412/ December 9, 2015 live mdy-all A number of attacks and incidents of vandalism in southern California in the weeks following the attack were investigated as anti-Muslim hate crimes.https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/vandals-spray-paint-mosques-southern-california-35751101 California Cases Investigated as Anti-Muslim Hate Crimes December 15, 2015 Associated Press December 15, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151216063136/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/vandals-spray-paint-mosques-southern-california-35751101 December 16, 2015 live mdy-all A "Muslims United for San Bernardino" campaign to raise money to assist victims' families with funeral expenses and other needs raised more than 152,000 from more than 1,000 donors, becoming the most successful crowdfunding venture Muslim Americans have ever launched.Teresa Watanabe American Muslims raise more than $100,000 for families of San Bernardino shooting victims https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-muslim-fundraise-20151208-story.html Los Angeles Times December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209212801/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-muslim-fundraise-20151208-story.html December 9, 2015 live mdy-all Melissa Chan American Muslims Are Raising $1,000 an Hour for San Bernardino Victims https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-muslim-fundraise-20151208-story.html Los Angeles Times December 9, 2015 December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209212801/http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-muslim-fundraise-20151208-story.html December 9, 2015 live mdy-all On December 15, 2015, three senior White House officialsValerie Jarrett, Cecilia Muñoz, and Ben Rhodesmet with American Muslim and Sikh leaders to discuss the increase in violent attacks upon members of the American Muslim and Sikh community following the attack (Sikhs are not Muslims but have been occasionally targeted in anti-Islamic bias-motivated crimes).Kristin Donnelly Chris Jansing Corky Siemaszko http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/white-house-holds-meeting-muslims-sikhs-n479896 White House Holds Meeting With Muslims and Sikhs December 15, 2015 NBC News December 15, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151215215712/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/san-bernardino-shooting/white-house-holds-meeting-muslims-sikhs-n479896 December 15, 2015 live mdy-all Bryon Tau https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2015/12/14/white-house-to-convene-muslim-and-sikh-leaders-to-discuss-discrimination-violence White House to Convene Muslim and Sikh Leaders to Discuss Discrimination, Violence December 15, 2015 The Wall Street Journal August 4, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20160407122821/http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2015/12/14/white-house-to-convene-muslim-and-sikh-leaders-to-discuss-discrimination-violence/ April 7, 2016 live mdy-all On January 19, 2016, Dabiq, the online propaganda magazine of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, released an issue praising the shooting and the perpetrators.https://www.pressenterprise.com/2016/01/20/san-bernardino-shooting-isis-magazine-praises-shooters-as-martyrs/ San Bernardino Shooting: ISIS magazine praises shooters as martyrs The Press-Enterprise January 19, 2016 January 20, 2016 Suzanne Hurt https://web.archive.org/web/20160122105757/http://www.pe.com/articles/magazine-792174-san-bernardino.html January 22, 2016 live mdy-all Political reactions Governor Brown said, "Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims' families and everyone affected by the brutal attack." On September 12, 2016, Brown and California Attorney General Kamala Harris awarded eight police officers the Medal of Valor for their roles in emergency response during the attack and the subsequent shootout with the perpetrators.http://www.capradio.org/articles/2016/09/12/san-bernardino-shooting-heroes-awarded-medals-of-valor/ San Bernardino Shooting Heroes Awarded Medals Of Valor Capital Public Radio News September 12, 2016 September 12, 2016 Ben Adler https://web.archive.org/web/20160914194251/http://www.capradio.org/articles/2016/09/12/san-bernardino-shooting-heroes-awarded-medals-of-valor/ September 14, 2016 live mdy-all Pakistani interior minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan said the Pakistani government will continue to offer "all possible legal assistance" to the U.S. in the investigation, and that: [No] sane Pakistani or Muslim could even think about doing such acts, and only few people are using the name of Islam for their wrongdoings, which is defaming our religion. Such heinous acts also lead to serious difficulties for millions of Muslims who live in Western and other countries, and the extremists and nationalist elements in those societies look at Muslims with suspicions. Islamophobia is being spread around the world. What the terrorists are doing has nothing to do with Islam.San Bernardino investigation targets man thought to have bought 2 weapons https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/06/san-bernardino-investigation-targets-man-thought-to-have-bought-2-weapons The Washington Post December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206220207/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2015/12/06/san-bernardino-investigation-targets-man-thought-to-have-bought-2-weapons/ December 6, 2015 live mdy-all In an address to the nation delivered from the Oval Office on December 6, 2015, President Obama declared the shooting an act of terrorism, referring to the shooters as having "gone down the dark path of radicalization" and embracing a "perverted version of Islam".President Obama's full Oval Office address https://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2015/12/07/president-obama-oval-office-terror-speech-full.cnn CNN December 7, 2015 December 14, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151214220726/http://edition.cnn.com/videos/us/2015/12/07/president-obama-oval-office-terror-speech-full.cnn December 14, 2015 live mdy-all Obama said that "the threat from terrorism is real, but we will overcome it" and promised that the United States will "destroy ISIL and any other organization that tries to harm us." Obama also outlined the ongoing fight against ISIL (including U.S. airstrikes, financial sanctions, and targeted special operations) and urged Americans to not give in to fear.Shear Michael D. Gardiner Harris https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/07/us/politics/president-obama-terrorism-threat-speech-oval-office.html Obama Says of Terrorist Threat: 'We Will Overcome It' The New York Times December 6, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151207033515/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/07/us/politics/president-obama-terrorism-threat-speech-oval-office.html December 7, 2015 live mdy-all It was just the third speech from the Oval Office in the seven years of Obama's presidency.Shear Michael D https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/07/us/politics/president-obama-islamic-state-speech-oval-office.html For Speech, Obama Selects a Setting He Usually Shuns: The Oval Office The New York Times December 6, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151206223914/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/07/us/politics/president-obama-islamic-state-speech-oval-office.html December 6, 2015 live mdy-all https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/06/heres-what-obama-said-in-his-sunday-night-address-an-annotated-transcript Here's what Obama said in his Sunday night address: An annotated transcript The Washington Post December 6, 2015 December 6, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208004926/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/12/06/heres-what-obama-said-in-his-sunday-night-address-an-annotated-transcript/ December 8, 2015 live mdy-all Many Republican U.S. presidential candidates at the time, among them Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, and Donald Trump, responded by claiming the United States was at war. Chris Christie, who was campaigning in Iowa at the time, declared, "What the fact is this is a new world war and one that won't look like the last two. And this is one where it's radical Islamic jihadists everyday are trying to kill Americans and disrupt and destroy our way of life."Reena Flores http://www.cbsnews.com/news/chris-christie-we-are-already-in-world-war-iii/ Chris Christie: "We're already in World War III" CBS News December 16, 2016 March 30, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160405041615/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/chris-christie-we-are-already-in-world-war-iii/ April 5, 2016 live mdy-all Jeb Bush stated, "If this is a war, and I believe it is since they have declared war on us, we need to declare war on them."James Oliphant John Whitesides https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-war-idUSKBN0TS16420151209 For Republican presidential candidates, war rolls easily off the tongue Reuters December 9, 2015 March 30, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160325124710/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-war-idUSKBN0TS16420151209 March 25, 2016 live mdy-all In the New York Review of Books, Wyatt Mason observed that a mass shooting at a Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood clinic, committed by a devout Christian a week earlier, did not lead to the kind of rhetorical outpouring produced by the San Bernardino attack, and argued that the difference in response suggested racism was at work.Wyatt Mason Wyatt Mason http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/02/11/laila-lalami-muslim-in-the-west/ To Be a Muslim in the West New York Review of Books February 11, 2016 March 30, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160410144054/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/2016/02/11/laila-lalami-muslim-in-the-west/ April 10, 2016 live mdy-all Some Muslim leaders objected to Obama's request that American Muslims help to "root out" extremism in their communities.Gjelten Palestinian-American activist Linda Sarsour commented, "I'm tired of this idea that extremism can only mean Muslims or Islam or people who are associated with Islam ... why is it that we're only obsessed with Islam and Muslim communities?".Solis Marie 10 Actual Facts About Muslims You'll Never Hear From Donald Trump's Mouth https://mic.com/articles/130105/10-actual-facts-about-muslims-you-ll-never-hear-from-donald-trump-s-mouth Mic December 7, 2015 October 15, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170321185032/https://mic.com/articles/130105/10-actual-facts-about-muslims-you-ll-never-hear-from-donald-trump-s-mouth March 21, 2017 live mdy-all "We would never ask any other faith community to stand up and condemn acts of violence committed by people within their groups", she said.Gjelten Tom Some American Muslims Irritated By Obama's Call For Them To 'Root Out' Extremism https://www.npr.org/2015/12/08/458869660/some-muslim-americans-irritated-by-obamas-call-for-them-to-root-out-extremism NPR December 8, 2015 April 4, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180118164111/https://www.npr.org/2015/12/08/458869660/some-muslim-americans-irritated-by-obamas-call-for-them-to-root-out-extremism January 18, 2018 live mdy-all On June 18, 2016, President Obama issued a Weekly Address addressing the San Bernardino attack and a mass shooting that occurred at a gay nightclub six days earlier. In the speech, he addressed the topics of homegrown terrorism and gun control.https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/06/18/weekly-address-standing-orlando Weekly Address: Standing with Orlando The White House June 18, 2016 June 24, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20170124022909/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/06/18/weekly-address-standing-orlando January 24, 2017 live mdy-all Being tough on terrorism, particularly the sorts of homegrown terrorism that we've seen now in Orlando and San Bernardino, means making it harder for people who want to kill Americans to get their hands on assault weapons that are capable of killing dozens of innocents as quickly as possible. That's something I'll continue to talk about in the weeks ahead. Controversies In response to the shooting, then-candidate Donald Trump called for a "total and complete" ban on Muslims entering the United States "until our country's representatives can figure out what is going on."Donald J. Trump Statement on Preventing Muslim Immigration https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration Press Release Donald J. Trump for President December 7, 2015 December 7, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20170508054010/https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-statement-on-preventing-muslim-immigration May 8, 2017 dead mdy-all https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-idUSKBN0TQ2N320151207 Donald Trump urges ban on Muslims entering U.S December 7, 2015 Reuters Steve Holland Emily Stephenson June 30, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170702062327/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-trump-idUSKBN0TQ2N320151207 July 2, 2017 live mdy-all Annie Gowen https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the-world-reacts-to-trumps-proposed-ban-on-muslims-entering-us/2015/12/08/50eea1dc-9d4a-11e5-9ad2-568d814bbf3b_story.html Trump's Muslim ban call 'endangers US security' December 8, 2015 The Washington Post December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151210033715/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the-world-reacts-to-trumps-proposed-ban-on-muslims-entering-us/2015/12/08/50eea1dc-9d4a-11e5-9ad2-568d814bbf3b_story.html December 10, 2015 live mdy-all Trump's statement drew widespread condemnation,Dan Blefsky https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/world/europe/donald-trumps-call-to-bar-muslims-reverberates-abroad.html Trump's Plan to Bar Muslims Is Widely Condemned Abroad The New York Times December 8, 2015 March 1, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20161208061750/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/09/world/europe/donald-trumps-call-to-bar-muslims-reverberates-abroad.html December 8, 2016 live mdy-all including from the White House,Tal Kopan Eric Bradner http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/08/politics/donald-trump-josh-earnest-disqualified-president-muslims White House: Donald Trump Muslim plan 'disqualifies' him from presidency CNN December 18, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151213164749/http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/08/politics/donald-trump-josh-earnest-disqualified-president-muslims/ December 13, 2015 live mdy-all the Pentagon,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35047105 Trump's Muslim ban call 'endangers US security' December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 BBC https://web.archive.org/web/20151209144649/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35047105 December 9, 2015 live mdy-all the United Nations, and foreign leaders such as British prime minister David Cameron and French prime minister Manuel Valls.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-35037553 David Cameron criticises Donald Trump 'Muslim ban' call BBC News December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151209225150/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-35037553 December 9, 2015 live mdy-all Trump's suggestion was met with condemnation from both Democratic and Republican candidates for the presidency in 2016.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35037701 Donald Trump's Muslim US ban call roundly condemned BBC News December 8, 2015 December 8, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208112738/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-35037701 December 8, 2015 live mdy-all Alan Rappeport https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/12/07/donald-trumps-republican-rivals-condemn-his-call-to-ban-muslims-from-entering-u-s/ Trump's Republican Rivals Condemn His Call to Bar Muslims From Entering U.S. The New York Times December 7, 2015 December 18, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151218075323/http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/12/07/donald-trumps-republican-rivals-condemn-his-call-to-ban-muslims-from-entering-u-s/ December 18, 2015 live mdy-all Trump, in an interview on Good Morning America, cited the internment of Japanese Americans, German Americans, and Italian Americans during World War II as precedent for his proposal.https://gma.yahoo.com/donald-trump-cites-fdr-policies-defend-muslim-ban-180436247--abc-news-topstories.html Donald Trump Cites These FDR Policies to Defend Muslim Ban Good Morning America Yahoo! News December 8, 2015 December 12, 2015 Meghan Keneally "I mean, take a look at what FDR did many years ago and he's one of the most highly respected presidents. I mean respected by most people. They named highways after him." https://web.archive.org/web/20151210182615/https://gma.yahoo.com/donald-trump-cites-fdr-policies-defend-muslim-ban-180436247--abc-news-topstories.html December 10, 2015 live mdy-all The attack reignited the debate over whether U.S. government should expand electronic surveillance of Americans, and specifically whether Congress should adopt legislation mandating that technology companies provide a backdoor so that law enforcement has access to encrypted communication. Technology companies oppose such legislation, arguing that it would unacceptably undermine security.Ellen Nakashima https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/after-terrorist-attacks-the-debate-over-encryption-gets-new-life/2015/12/09/3bb73f22-9e99-11e5-8728-1af6af208198_story.html After terrorist attacks, the debate over encryption gets new life December 9, 2015 The Washington Post December 10, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151210060722/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/after-terrorist-attacks-the-debate-over-encryption-gets-new-life/2015/12/09/3bb73f22-9e99-11e5-8728-1af6af208198_story.html December 10, 2015 live mdy-all At a December 9, 2015, hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee, FBI Director Comey called upon tech companies offering end-to-end encryption (such as Apple) to revise their "business model".Dan Froomkin Jenna McLaughlin https://theintercept.com/2015/12/09/comey-calls-on-tech-companies-offering-end-to-end-encryption-to-reconsider-their-business-model Comey Calls on Tech Companies Offering End-to-End Encryption to Reconsider 'Their Business Model' December 9, 2015 The Intercept December 10, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151211085941/https://theintercept.com/2015/12/09/comey-calls-on-tech-companies-offering-end-to-end-encryption-to-reconsider-their-business-model/ December 11, 2015 live mdy-all There is no evidence that the shooters in San Bernardino used encrypted communications, although Comey said the attackers in the Curtis Culwell Center attack earlier the same year exchanged encrypted text messages. Senators Richard Burr and Dianne Feinstein, the chairman and ranking member, respectively, of the Senate Intelligence Committee, are working on encryption legislation. Additionally, Feinstein reintroduced legislation that would require tech companies to report "knowledge of any terrorist activity" they become aware of, a measure that worried Silicon Valley technology companies, which object to such measures on privacy grounds.Sean Cockerham http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/congress/article48904230.html Feinstein proposes social media rules as FBI says shooters talked jihad in 2013 December 9, 2015 McClatchy DC December 10, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151211035208/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/congress/article48904230.html December 11, 2015 live mdy-all The use of BearCat armored vehicles by police during the shootout revived debate over use of military and military-style equipment by police, with some law-enforcement officials saying that the shooting showed a need for police to acquire such equipment.Pat Reavy http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865642992/Does-San-Bernardino-shootout-warrant-need-for-armored-vehicles-in-Utah.html?pg=all Does San Bernardino shootout warrant need for armored vehicles in Utah? December 3, 2015 Deseret News December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151211004018/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865642992/Does-San-Bernardino-shootout-warrant-need-for-armored-vehicles-in-Utah.html?pg=all December 11, 2015 dead mdy-all Graham Kates http://www.cbsnews.com/news/san-bernardino-shooting-experts-say-most-police-departments-dont-need-armored-trucks Experts: Most police depts. don't need armored trucks December 3, 2015 CBS News Associated Press December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151211052659/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/san-bernardino-shooting-experts-say-most-police-departments-dont-need-armored-trucks/ December 11, 2015 live mdy-all Allegra Kirkland http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/san-bernardino-shooting-military-equipment After San Bernardino Massacre, Police Depts Ask For Their Military Gear Back December 3, 2015 Talking Points Memo December 9, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151210020723/http://talkingpointsmemo.com/news/san-bernardino-shooting-military-equipment December 10, 2015 live mdy-all See also List of homicides in California Gun violence in the United States Gun law in the United States Gun politics in the United States Mass shootings in the United States List of rampage killers (religious, political, or ethnic crimes) Islamic terrorism 2009 Fort Hood shooting 2015 Chattanooga shootings Orlando nightclub shooting Curtis Culwell Center attack List of terrorist incidents, 2015 2017 North Park Elementary School shooting Law Notes References 30em External links 2015 San Bernardino shooting Coverage at the Los Angeles Times Statement from Association of Regional Center Agencies Category:2015 crimes in California Category:2015 mass shootings in the United States Category:2015 murders in the United States Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2015 Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in California Category:Attacks on government buildings and structures in the United States Category:Deaths by firearm in California Category:December 2015 crimes in the United States Category:History of San Bernardino, California Category:Islamic terrorism in California Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015 Category:Mass murders in California Category:2010s mass murders in the United States Category:Mass shootings in California Category:Mass shootings involving AR-15–style rifles Category:Mass shootings involving semi-automatic pistols in the United States Category:Massacres in 2015 Category:Massacres in the United States Category:Terrorist incidents in the United States in 2015 Category:Workplace violence in the United States Category:Islamic State terrorist incidents in the United States