1916 Spanish general election

none 1916 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1914 Spanish general election 1914 1918 Spanish general election 1918 All 409 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate205 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 9 April 1916 (Congress)"2Apr" Candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law were proclaimed on 2 April 1916.1 January 1917 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=78546066-d144-490c-990e-81aed4ba0f30&page=87 Abril de 1916. Día 2. Las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes. El artículo 29 es National Library of Spain El Año Político 17 March 202323 April 1916 (Senate) 170x170px Count of Romanones Liberal–Democratic Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 1912 Guadalajara 117 D Congress of Deputies53 S SenateResults for PL (84 deputies and 41 senators) and PLD (33 deputies and 12 senators) in the 1914 election. 228 D Congress of Deputies112 S Senate 10px 111 D Congress of Deputies10px 59 S Senate 170x170px Eduardo Dato Conservative Party (Spain) 1913 Vitoria 191 D Congress of Deputies79 S Senate 89 D Congress of Deputies35 S Senate 10px 102 D Congress of Deputies10px 44 S Senate 170x170px Antonio Maura Maurist Party 1913 Palma 25 D Congress of Deputies14 S Senate 18 D Congress of Deputies6 S Senate 10px 7 D Congress of Deputies10px 8 S Senate 170x170px Enric Prat de la Riba Regionalist 1902 Did not run 13 D Congress of Deputies6 S Senate 13 D Congress of Deputies7 S Senate 10px 0 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px Melquíades Álvarez Reformist Party (Spain) 1912 Castropol 12 D Congress of Deputies3 S Senate 14 D Congress of Deputies2 S Senate 10px 2 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px Roberto Castrovido Republican–Socialist Conjunction 1914 Madrid 13 D Congress of Deputies2 S SenateResults for CRS (12 deputies and 2 senators) and PURA (1 deputy and 0 senators) in the 1910 election. 13 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 0 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Count of Romanones Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) Count of Romanones Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) A general election was held in Spain on 9 April 1916 (for the Congress of Deputies),"2Apr" and on 23 April 1916 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 16th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 409 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The es turno system—under which Conservatives and Liberals had alternated in power by determining in advance the outcome of elections through caciquism and electoral fraud—had entered a phase of decline derived from the internal crises of the two dynastic parties, which had turned into a set of factions that made political rotation difficult. The Conservatives had fragmented between those supporting the continuity of the es turno (the es idóneos or "suitable ones", led by Prime Minister Eduardo Dato) and those following the political doctrine of Antonio Maura (the Maurist faction or es mauristas), who had grown disaffected with it. In the Liberal camp, divisions were a result of personal rivalries between the Count of Romanones and the Marquis of Alhucemas. Dato and Romanones initially agreed to support each other in maintaining the es turno and fighting their respective dissidents, helped by a lessening of partisanship in 1914 due to the outbreak of World War I. The conflict saw an expansion of industrial activity as demand for Spanish goods rose among the warring powers—a result of the Dato government proclaiming the country's neutrality in the war—but the inflow of capital caused inflation and a drop in imports, exacerbating poverty in some areas of the country as the shortage of basic commodities led to food riots. Dato's attempt to avoid parliament (which was only in session for seven out of his 25-month tenure) alienated the Maurists, whereas his refusal to establish a free-trade zone in the port of Barcelona enraged Catalan regionalists. With Romanones and Alhucemas agreeing to a united front against the Conservative cabinet in the summer of 1915, Dato found himself isolated, resigning in December that year after being unable to pass a proposed military reform.Fayanás Escuer Edmundo 31 January 2025 La política española de los años 1913 al año 1917 https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/cultura---ocio/historia-politica-espanola-anos-1913-1917-socialismo/20250131192203234945.html es Nueva Tribuna 19 August 2025 Re-appointed as prime minister by King Alfonso XIII, Romanones formed a cabinet with representation from all liberal factions, subsequently calling a general election that saw his government securing an overall majority. This would the last election until 1923 in which a single party or alliance would secure a majority of parliamentary support. Background Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 8 March 1914 for the Congress and on 22 March 1914 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 8 and 22 March 1919, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 16 March 1916, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 9 April (Congress) and 23 April 1916 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 10 May.Royal Decree of 16 March 1916 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty. It was compulsory, excepting those over 70, the clergy and—within their territories—trial judges and public notaries.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 1–3.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90García Muñoz 2002 107–108Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 8 August 1907 art. 3. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing ten seats or more could choose up to four candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between eight and ten seats, up to three less; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 20–21.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89–92 Candidates in uncontested seats were automatically elected.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 29.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90–91Uncontested districts were those where the number of candidates was equal to or fewer than the available seats. Whenever vacancies remained, a by-election was held to fill the remaining seats. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 311 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 28, electing 98 seats) was entitled the following seats:Law of 8 August 1907 add. arts. 2–3 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3, and Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1; am. amended by Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, Law of 10 July 1888, Law of 18 June 1895, Law of 2 August 1895, Law of 5 July 1898, Law of 7 August 1899, Law of 24 March 1902, Law of 11 July 1912, and Royal Decree of 20 March 1916). Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 7 Barcelona 5 Palma, Seville 4 Cartagena 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Gran Canaria, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santander, Tarragona, Tenerife, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31 & 53; Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 arts. 1–2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 55–58. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 3–7. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. Servants in the judiciary or the prosecution ministry. Additionally, candidates were required to either have previously served as deputies or be nominated by two current or former senators (or same-province deputies); three current or former provincial deputies (from the same province); or at least one twentieth of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from nominating more than one candidate (except in multi-member constituencies, which used the same partial block voting system for nominations as for elections).Law of 8 August 1907 art. 24. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.). The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 9 April 1916 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % A.29 Candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law. Cont. Candidates elected in contested districts. Total Liberal Party–Liberal Democrats (PL–LD) 90 138 228 Conservative Party (PC) 37 52 89 Maurist Party (PM) 5 13 18 Reformist Party (PRef) 4 10 14 Republican–Socialist Conjunction (CRS) 1 12 13 Regionalist League (LR) 1 12 13 Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 2 7 9 Republican Coalition (PRR–UFNR) 2 5 7 Ciervist Conservatives (CC) 1 6 7 Integrist Party (PI) 0 2 2 Autonomist Republican Bloc (BRA) 0 1 1 Burgalese Regionalist Party (PRB) 0 1 1 Independents (INDEP) 2 5 7 Total 145 264 409 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters Sources"2Apr"23 March 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=cdb8d3ab-e0bb-4291-8f5e-e207d57388a7 Los futuros diputados a Cortes es National Library of Spain El Parlamentario 20 August 202511 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=e65a0322-b8fc-4ebd-aa6b-8f5b41d205fc&page=3 Las elecciones del domingo es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 18 March 202311 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=6d3eeb75-317d-4856-b6d9-5b7a05cf9b30&page=3 Después de las elecciones es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia Militar 18 March 202312 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=5a9cf52c-03dd-413c-a5f1-25844c646d87 El futuro Congreso es National Library of Spain La Mañana 18 March 202312 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=6c7478ad-a0dc-4844-b959-1c05eee70db6&page=3 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 18 March 202312 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=cba26cd9-7349-4d13-8262-d5a1359e7f3c El nuevo Congreso es National Library of Spain El Heraldo Militar 18 March 20231 January 1917 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=78546066-d144-490c-990e-81aed4ba0f30&page=92 Abril de 1916. Día 9. Elecciones generales de Diputados a Cortes es National Library of Spain El Año Político 17 March 2023 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PL–LD Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 55.75 PC Conservative Party (Spain) 21.76 PM Maurist Party 4.40 PRef Reformist Party (Spain) 3.42 CRS Republican–Socialist Conjunction 3.18 LR Regionalist League 3.18 CT Traditionalist Communion 2.20 PRR–UFNR Republican Coalition (Spain, 1914) 1.71 CC Ciervists 1.71 PI Integrist Party 0.49 BRA Autonomist Republican Bloc 0.24 PRB Burgalese Regionalist Party 0.24 INDEP Independent politician 1.71 Senate + ← Summary of the 23 April 1916 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Liberal Party–Liberal Democrats (PL–LD) 112 Conservative Party (PC) 35 Regionalist League (LR) 7 Maurist Party (PM) 6 Reformist Party (PRef) 2 Ciervist Conservatives (CC) 2 Republican–Socialist Conjunction (CRS) 1 Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 1 Integrist Party (PI) 1 Independents (INDEP) 4 Archbishops (ARCH) 9 Total elective seats 180 Sources24 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=41a9559f-d3db-4410-aa02-c7695c09d993 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Liberal 6 April 202324 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=50ec1f24-6748-46ea-9cec-046a61ca1355 Los senadores es National Library of Spain La Mañana 6 April 202324 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=a5086b07-977e-49b7-b6a1-9386387c3e86 Nuevos senadores es National Library of Spain El Heraldo Militar 6 April 202324 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=84eb2627-d69f-42f7-8f44-fd75bb0e8525&page=4 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 6 April 202324 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=c34310cf-bf15-4377-a17c-d21a6f91f809&page=3 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia Militar 6 April 202324 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=5de6f697-4535-45fe-9e52-2ed58f1a49d5&page=2 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Globo 6 April 202324 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=13145478-294b-4bdc-91e4-5fadfa6dec32&page=4 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 6 April 202324 April 1916 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=471311e1-c58a-4f07-805c-5bc9351cf8f6 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 6 April 20231 January 1917 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=78546066-d144-490c-990e-81aed4ba0f30&page=120 Abril de 1916. Día 23. La elección de Senadores es National Library of Spain El Año Político 6 April 2023 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PL–LD Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 62.22 PC Conservative Party (Spain) 19.44 LR Regionalist League 3.89 PM Maurist Party 3.33 PRef Reformist Party (Spain) 1.11 CC Ciervists 1.11 CRS Republican–Socialist Conjunction 0.56 CT Traditionalist Communion 0.56 PI Integrist Party 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 2.22 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.00 Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 16th Restoration Cortes (1916–1918) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PL–LD Liberal Party–Liberal Democrats (PL–LD) 225 112 340 Monarchist Coalition (MON) 3 0 PC Conservative Party (PC) 88 35 125 Monarchist Coalition (MON) 2 0 PM Maurist Party (PM) 17 6 23 LR Regionalist League (LR) 13 7 20 PRef Reformist Party (PRef) 14 2 16 CRS Republican Party (PRep) 10 1 14 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1 0 Autonomist Republican Union Party (PURA) 1 0 Independent Republicans (R.IND) 1 0 CT Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 9 1 10 CC Ciervist Conservatives (CC) 7 2 9 PRR–UFNR Radical Republican Party (PRR) 5 0 7 Republican Nationalist Federal Union (UFNR) 2 0 PI Integrist Party (PI) 2 1 3 BRA Autonomist Republican Bloc (BRA) 1 0 1 PRB Burgalese Regionalist Party (PRB) 1 0 1 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 3 2 11 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 2 Independent Catholics (CAT) 2 0 Independent Liberals (L.IND) 1 0 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 9 9 Total 409 180 589 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Ley disponiendo que las primeras y sucesivas elecciones que se verifiquen en la provincia de Zamora se dividirá en siete distritos en la forma que se expresa Law 18 June 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/170/A01001-01001.pdf 14 August 2025 Law of 18 June 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral de las provincias de León y Vizcaya Law 2 August 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/216/A00457-00458.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 2 August 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral en las provincias de Sevilla y de Barcelona Law 5 July 1898 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1898/190/A00140-00140.pdf 22 September 2022 Law of 5 July 1898 y Real decreto disponiendo el número de Senadores que han de elegir las provincias que se citan Royal Decree 16 March 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/076/A01021-01021.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 y Ley mandando que en lo sucesivo sean cuatro los Diputados a Cortes que elegirá la circunscripción electoral de Cartagena Law 7 August 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/222/A00517-00517.pdf 10 October 2022 Law of 7 August 1899 y Ley estableciendo una circunscripción para elegir tres Diputados a Cortes, que la constituirán los cuatro partidos judiciales de Ayamonte, Hueva, Moguer y la Palma, con todas las poblaciones que de ellos forman parte Law 24 March 1902 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/086/A01315-01315.pdf 30 October 2022 Law of 24 March 1902 y Ley reformando la Electoral vigente Law 8 August 1907 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1907/222/A00584-00592.pdf 28 November 2022 Law of 8 August 1907 y Ley disponiendo que el territorio de la Nación española que constituye el Archipiélago canario, cuya capitalidad reside en Santa Cruz de Tenerife, conserve su unidad, ateniéndose los servicios públicos en el modo y forma que se determina en esta ley Law 11 July 1912 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1912/195/A00105-00107.pdf 29 November 2022 Law of 11 July 1912 y Real decreto declarando disuelto el Congreso de los Diputados y la parte electiva del Senado; que las elecciones de Diputados se verifiquen el 9 de Abril próximo y las de Senadores el 23 de igual mes, y que las Cortes se reúnan en Madrid el 10 de Mayo siguiente Royal Decree 16 March 1916 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1916/080/A00661-00661.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1916 y Real decreto disponiendo que la isla de La Palma (Canarias) se divida, a los efectos de las elecciones para Diputados a Cortes, en dos distritos, que se denominarán de Santa Cruz de la Palma y de Los Llanos Royal Decree 20 March 1916 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1916/082/A00669-00669.pdf 29 November 2022 Royal Decree of 20 March 1916 Other 30em Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. 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Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1923). España y la I Guerra Mundial https://ocw.uc3m.es/pluginfile.php/6928/mod_page/content/22/T3_Espa%C3%B1a-I-Guerra-Mundial.pdf 2024a es Charles III University of Madrid 19 August 2025 Ruiz Franco Rosario Historia Contemporánea de España. Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1923). Consecuencias de la I Guerra Mundial en España https://ocw.uc3m.es/pluginfile.php/6928/mod_page/content/22/T3_Consecuencias-I-Guerra-Mundial-en-Espa%C3%B1a.pdf 2024b es Charles III University of Madrid 19 August 2025 Category:1916 elections in Spain 1916 Category:April 1916 in Europe