1475

1475 250px|thumb |June 15: Pope Sixtus IV (right) creates the Vatican Library and appoints Bartolomeo Platina as its first librarian. Year 1475 (MCDLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March January 10 – At the Battle of Vaslui during the Moldavian–Ottoman Wars, in what is now Romania, Stephen III of Moldavia leads his troops to defeat Ottoman invaders commanded by General Hadım Suleiman Pasha.The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Brill 2013 266 9789004246065 Leiden http://www.brill.com/european-tributary-states-ottoman-empire-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries Gábor Kármán Lovro Kunčević January 15 – At Madrid, Queen Isabella I of Castile, who had been crowned on December 11, declares her husband Prince Fernando de Aragón to be the joint ruler with her, and is proclaimed as King Fernando V of Castile.John Edwards, The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs 1474–1520 (Blackwell Publishers, 2000) Fernando, the oldest son and heir to the throne of King Juan II of Aragon, will make Isabella co-ruler of Aragon when he ascends the throne upon his father's death in 1479. January 30 – An alliance between the Duchy of Burgundy (ruled by Charles the Bold), the Duchy of Savoy (ruled by Filiberto the Hunter) and the Duchy of Milan (ruled by Galeazzo Maria Sforza) is created by the signing of a treaty at the city of Moncalieri, in Savoy near Turin.Vaughan Richard Paravicini Wener Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy Woodbridge 2002 The Boydell Press 304 9780851159188 February 20 – The joint Spanish rulers of Castile and León, Queen Isabella and King Fernando, issue a decree of monetary reform at Segovia, setting a standard value for the real as 30 maravedí coins, and the dobla castellana as 870 maravedis. "Money and its value", in Chriatian Córdoba: The city and its region in the late Middle Ages, by John Edwards (The Library of Iberian Resources Online, 2001) February 27 – At Racibórz (now in Poland, but at the time under the control of the Kingdom of Bohemia), the Bohemian King Matyáš Korvín arrests the Duke of Gliwice, Jan IV of Oświęcim and holds him prisoner until Jan relinquishes half of his lands to Bohemian control."Jan (Janusz) IV oświęcimski (gliwicki)", Poczet.com (in Polish) March 10 – The city of Perpignan is recaptured by the army of the Kingdom of France after having been captured by the Spanish king John II of Aragon.Hernández Cardona F. Xavier Història militar de Catalunya. Vol. III La defensa de la Terra Military history of Catalonia, Vol. III: The defense of the territory ca 2003 Rafael Dalmau Editorial Barcelona 84-232-0664-5 35–39 March 14 – King Edward IV, gives royal assent to several acts passed by the English Parliament, including the Safe Conducts Act and the Wool Act.14° Edw. IV. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915526&seq=467 The Statutes of the Realm 1963 2: 1377 to 1509 https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=pst.000017915526 HathiTrust 445–451 Dawsons of Pall Mall April–June April 3 – While in Valladolid, capital of the Kingdom of Castile and León, to celebrate a tournament in their honor, the joint rulers of Castile, Queen Isabella and King Fernando II are interrupted by a messenger sent by King Afonso V of Portugal. King Afonso announces a declaration of war against the crown of Castile and León. Menéndez y Pidal Ramón Historia de España, Tomo XVII, Volumen 1, La España de los Reyes Católicos 1983 Editorial Espasa-Calpe 116 84-239-4819-6 May 10 – The War of the Castilian Succession begins as Portugal's army invades the Spanish kingdom of Castile and León with King Afonso of Portugal in command. The troops advance to the town of Plasencia, where King Afonso's fiancée Juana la Beltraneja (who claims to be the daughter of the late King Enrique IV of Castile) lives.Navarro Sainz Jose María El consejo de Sevilla en el reinado de Isabel I (1474–1504) University of Seville 2004 44 https://idus.us.es/bitstream/handle/11441/15219/Original_TD1319.pdf;jsessionid=15B07C7A99DBDAB3E257E011F26A6952?sequence=1 May 25 – Having invaded Castile, King Afonso V of Portugal is betrothed to his first cousin, Juana la Beltraneja, Princess of Asturias, who had been identified on May 9, 1462, as heir to the Castilian throne as the daughter of King Enrique IV, and claims his right to rule the Kingdom of Castile and León.Nancy Rubin Stuart Stuart Nancy Rubin Isabella of Castile: The First Renaissance Queen 1991 136 0-312-05878-0 St. Martin's Press New York https://archive.org/details/isabellaofcastil00nanc On May 30, Afonso and Juana then hold court at the small town of Toro for the former proclamation of themselves as joint rulers of Castile, an office held in the rest of the kingdom by Queen Isabella and King Fernando.http://www.arqnet.pt/dicionario/joanad1.html November 24, 2012 Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico (Joana (D.) 1033-1034, Vol. III Lisbon 1915 pt June 15 – The Vatican Library in Rome is created by the papal bull Ad decorem militantis ecclesiae and names Bartolomeo Platina as the first librarian for the Vatican."Origins of the Library", Vatican Library website, February 14, 2004 June 19 – After Queen consort Dorothea of Denmark visits Rome, Pope Sixtus IV issues a papal bull permitting King Christian I to establish a university in Denmarkhttps://universitetshistorie.ku.dk/overblik/1479-1788/grundlaeggelsen/ History of the University of Copenhagen about 1479 23 September 2010 University of Copenhagen 25 August 2020 1 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190401061506/https://universitetshistorie.ku.dk/overblik/1479-1788/grundlaeggelsen/ live June 27 – After an 11-month siege, Charles the Bold abandons the Siege of Neuss when an imperial relief army from the Holy Roman Empire approaches; a papal legate of Pope Sixtus IV threatens excommunication of both Charles and Emperor Frederick III should the fighting continue, allowing both rulers to withdraw without loss of honor.Pat McGill, et al.,The Burgundian Army of Charles the Bold: The Ordonnance Companies and their Captains (Lincoln: Freezywater Publications, 2001), pp.8–15. July–September July 4 – Burgundian Wars: Edward IV of England lands in Calais, in support of the Duchy of Burgundy against France.Williams Hywel Cassell's Chronology of World History https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will registration London Weidenfeld & Nicolson 2005 0-304-35730-8 185–187 August 29 – The Treaty of Picquigny ends the brief war between France and England.Robert Knecht The Valois: Kings of France 1328–1589 Continuum 2007 100–101 978-1-85285-420-1 registration https://archive.org/details/valoiskingsoffra00knec/page/100 September 9 – The city of Köln (Cologne), already separate from the surrounding Köln is granted the status of a "free imperial city" by the Holy Roman Empire, with representation in the Imperial Diet and self-government within the Empire. September 17 – At the royal capital, Pekan, Ahmad Shah I of Pahang becomes the new Sultan of Pahang (now one of the federal states within Malaysia) upon the death of his younger brother, Muhammad Shah. Linehan William History of Pahang Malaysian Branch Of The Royal Asiatic Society, Kuala Lumpur 1973 978-0710-101-37-2 October–December October 13 – The Swiss Confederacy Canton of Bern invades the Canton of Vaud, at the time under the control of Jacques of Savoy, one of the nobles in the Duchy of Savoy. October 22 – In retaliation for the resistance of the village of Les Clées against the Swiss invasion of Vaud, the army of Bern destroys the city and kills the members of the garrison at the Vaud Castle."Les Clées", Historical Dictionary of Switzerland online November 13 – Burgundian Wars – In the Battle on the Planta, near Sion in the Swiss Canton of Valais, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious against those of the Duchy of Savoy.Richard Vaughan, Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy (Boydell Press, 2002) p.364 November 14 – The original Landshut Wedding takes place, between George, Duke of Bavaria, and Hedwig Jagiellon. November 17 – The Emirate of Granada, led by the Emir Abu'l-Hasan Ali and now part of Spain's Mediterranean coast, signs a peace treaty with the Spanish Kingdom of Castile and León, led by the joint monarchs Isabella and Fernando. In the agreement, Granada offers to assist the Castilians against any attempt by Portugal to invade the Castilian region, Córdoba, that borders Granada.John Edwards, The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520 (Blackwell Publishers, 2000) p.37 December 2 – In the Spanish kingdom of Castile, the siege by Portugal of the Castle of Burgos ends with the commander of the garrison agreeing to surrender within 70 days, "the waiting period decreed by chivalric courtesy" and Queen Isabella enters the city to a welcoming crowd.Peggy K. Liss Isabel the Queen: Life and Times https://books.google.com/books?id=VZt0BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA125 20 December 2004 University of Pennsylvania Press 978-0-8122-1897-8 125 December – The Principality of Theodoro falls to the Ottoman Empire,Vasiliev Alexander A. http://archive.org/details/Vasiliev1936Goths The Goths in the Crimea 1936 Medieval Academy of America Cambridge, MA 259 en arguably taking with it the final territorial remnant of the successor to the Roman Kingdom after nearly 2,228 years of Roman civilization since the legendary Founding of Rome in 753 BC. Date unknown Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye is the first book to be printed in English, by William Caxton in Bruges (or 1473–74?). Rashi's commentary on the Torah is the first dated book to be printed in Hebrew, in Reggio di Calabria.The Earliest Printed Book in Hebrew http://menachemmendel.net/blog/2007/04/11/the-earliest-printed-book-in-hebrew/ https://web.archive.org/web/20210827093605/http://menachemmendel.net/blog/2007/04/11/the-earliest-printed-book-in-hebrew/ usurped August 27, 2021 Menachem Mendel 2007 2011-12-09 Conrad of Megenberg's book, Buch der Natur, is published in Augsburg. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3158/ Book of Nature World Digital Library 2013-08-07 2013-08-30 2020-03-21 https://web.archive.org/web/20200321201935/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/3158/ dead In Wallachia, Radu cel Frumos loses the throne (for the last time), and is again replaced by Basarab Laiotă. Births thumb|110px|Michelangelo Buonarroti January 9 – Crinitus, Italian humanist (d. 1507) January 29 – Giuliano Bugiardini, Italian painter (d. 1555) February 25 – Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the House of York (d. 1499) March 6 – Michelangelo Buonarroti, Italian sculptor (d. 1564)Barbara A. Somervill Michelangelo: Sculptor and Painter https://books.google.com/books?id=AD9SAcJ55_0C&pg=PA102 February 2008 Capstone 978-0-7565-1060-2 102 March 12 – Luca Gaurico, Italian astrologer (d. 1558) March 30 – Elisabeth of Culemborg, German noble (d. 1555) June 29 – Beatrice d'Este, duchess of Bari and Milan (d. 1497) September 6 Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy, French nobleman and politician (d. 1519) Sebastiano Serlio, Italian Mannerist architect (d. 1554) September 8 – John Stokesley, English prelate (d. 1539)Stokesley, John (1475–1539), bishop of London https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26563 2004 26 October 2021 en 10.1093/ref:odnb/26563 978-0-19-861412-8 September 13 or April 1476 – Cesare Borgia, illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI (approximate date; d. 1507) October 20 – Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai, Italian Renaissance man of letters (d. 1525) November 2 – Anne of York, seventh child of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville (d. 1511)Levin Carole Bertolet Anna Riehl Carney Jo Eldridge A Biographical Encyclopedia of Early Modern Englishwomen: Exemplary Lives and Memorable Acts, 1500-1650 3 November 2016 Taylor & Francis 978-1-315-44071-2 275 https://books.google.com/books?id=kDglDwAAQBAJ&dq=Anne+of+York+2+november+1475+1511&pg=PA275 en November 28 – Anne Shelton, elder sister of Thomas Boleyn (d. 1556) December 11 – Pope Leo X (d. 1521)Leo X pope https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-X Encyclopedia Britannica 1 December 2020 en December 24 – Thomas Murner, German satirist (d. c. 1537) date unknown Valerius Anshelm, Swiss chronicler Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Spanish conquistador (approximate date; d. 1519) Gendun Gyatso, 2nd Dalai Lama (d. 1541) probable Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr (d. 1554) Margaret Drummond, mistress of James IV of Scotland (d. 1502) Pierre Gringoire, French poet and playwright (d. 1538) Filippo de Lurano, Italian composer (d. 1520) Gunilla Bese, Finnish noble and fiefholder (d. 1553) Deaths January – Radu cel Frumos, Voivoid of Wallachia (b. c. 1437) February 3 – John IV, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1410) March – Simon of Trent, Italian saint, subject of a blood libel March 20 – Georges Chastellain, Burgundian chronicler and poetA New Survey of Universal Knowledge https://books.google.com/books?id=SpsbqwOe0fQC 1952 313 9780690841152 Ogg Oscar Crowell May 20 – Alice Chaucer, Duchess of Suffolk (born c.1404)Thelma Anna Leese Blood Royal: Issue of the Kings and Queens of Medieval England, 1066-1399: the Normans and Plantagenets https://books.google.com/books?id=OvscAAAAYAAJ 1996 Heritage Books 978-0-7884-0525-9 302 June 13 – Joan of Portugal, Queen of Castile (b. 1439) September 6 – Adolph II of Nassau, Archbishop of Mainz (b. c. 1423) December 10 – Paolo Uccello, Italian painter (b. 1397) date unknown Theodorus Gaza, Greek scholar, one of the leaders of the revival of learning in the 15th century (b. c. 1400) Theodosius, Metropolitan of Moscow Masuccio Salernitano, Italian poet (b. 1410) References