1944 in science

none 1944 science 1944 The year 1944 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy Hendrik van de Hulst predicts the 21 cm hyperfine line of neutral interstellar hydrogen. Biology February 1 – Oswald T. Avery and colleagues publish the Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experimentStudies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: Induction of TransFormation by a Desoxyribonucleic Acid Fraction Isolated from Pneumococcus Type III Avery Oswald T. MacLeod Colin M. McCarty Maclyn Journal of Experimental Medicine 1944-02-01 79 Rockefeller University Press 137–158 19871359 2135445 10.1084/jem.79.2.137 2 (Received for publication 1 November 1943.) showing that a DNA molecule can carry an inheritable trait to a living organism. This is important because many biologists thought that proteins were the hereditary material and nucleic acids too simple chemically to serve as genetic storage molecules.Fruton Joseph S. Proteins, Enzymes, Genes: the interplay of chemistry and biology Yale University Press New Haven, Conn 1999 0-300-07608-8 438–440 The lipopolysaccharide character of enteric endotoxins is elucidated by M. J. Shear.Shear M. J. 1944 Chemical treatment of tumors, IX: Reactions of mice with primary subcutaneous tumors to injection of a hemorrhage-producing bacterial polysaccharide Journal of the National Cancer Institute 4 5 461–76 10.1093/jnci/4.5.461 Erwin Schrödinger publishes What is Life?, containing conceptual discussion of the genetic code and of negentropy. Donald Griffin with G. W. Pierce demonstrate that bats use high-frequency sound in a technique which Griffin describes as echolocation.Yoon Carol Kaesuk https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/14/nyregion/donald-r-griffin-88-dies-argued-animals-can-think.html Donald R. Griffin, 88, Dies; Argued Animals Can Think The New York Times 2003-11-14 2010-07-16 Last known evidence for existence of the Asiatic lion in the wild in Iran (Khuzestan province).Guggisberg Charles Albert Walter Simba: the life of the lion 1961 Howard Timmins Cape Town Chemistry February – Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model.Crystal Statistics. I. A Two-Dimensional Model with an Order-Disorder Transition Physical Review 65 117–149 10.1103/PhysRev.65.117 1944PhRv...65..117O 1944 Onsager Lars 3–4 Americium discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, et al. Computer science August 7 – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, best known as the Harvard Mark I. Geology March 18 – Last eruption of Mount Vesuvius. History of science November 4 – The Whipple Museum of the History of Science is established when Robert Whipple presents his collection of scientific instruments to the University of Cambridge, England. C. Doris Hellman publishes her Columbia University thesis The Comet of 1577: Its Place in the History of Astronomy. Mathematics John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern's book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior is published by Princeton University Press. Medicine November 19 – Minnesota Starvation Experiment begins. Hans Asperger describes Asperger syndrome.Asperger H. 1944 'Autistic psychopathy' in childhood Frith, Uta Autism and Asperger Syndrome https://archive.org/details/autismaspergersy00frit limited 1991 Cambridge University Press 0-521-38448-6 37–92 Franz Josef Kallmann describes Kallmann syndrome.Kallmann, F. J. Schönfeld, W. A. Barrera, S. E. The genetic aspects of primary eunuchoidism American Journal of Mental Deficiency 48 203–36 1944synd 2549 David S. Sheridan invents the disposable plastic tracheal tube catheter.Inventor: the Dave Sheridan Story W. C. Heinz 1988 Albany Medical Center Albany, New York Dorothea and Alexander Leighton's book Navajo at the Door is "the earliest example of applied medical anthropology".Peoples James Bailey Garrick Humanity: An Introduction to Cultural Anthropology https://books.google.com/books?id=pucbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT410 2014 Cengage 9781285733371 410 Meteorology June 5 – Group Captain James Stagg correctly forecasts a brief improvement in weather conditions over the English Channel which permits the following day's Normandy landings to take place. August 6 – Ball lightning observed in Uppsala, Sweden.http://www.hvi.uu.se/Lightning/blixtar/Klotblixt.html sv Uppsala University Ett fenomen som gäckar vetenskapen Anders Larsson 2002-04-23 2016-01-05 2016-03-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20160313072419/http://www.hvi.uu.se/Lightning/blixtar/Klotblixt.html dead Physics November 6 – Hanford Site in Washington (state) produces its first plutonium. Technology March 27 – In Sweden, Ruben Rausing patents Erik Wallenberg's method of packaging milk in paper, origin of the company Tetra Pak.Sedig Kjell 2002 Swedish Innovations Stockholm The Swedish Institute 45 91-520-0910-6 June 13 – First operational use of the German V-1 flying bomb, the first operational cruise missile, containing a gyroscope guidance system and propelled by a simple pulsejet engine. September 8 – First operational use of the German V-2 rocket, the first ballistic missile. On June 20 one has become the first man-made object to cross the Kármán line and reach the edge of space.The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780029228951 registration Neufeld Michael J. The Free Press 1995 New York 158, 160–162, 190 December 9 – First flight of the Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger, the second jet engined fighter aircraft to be introduced by the Luftwaffe in World War II. First operational use of a snorkel on a submarine. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Isidor Isaac Rabi Chemistry – Otto Hahn6 Women Scientists Who Were Snubbed Due to Sexism https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/5/130519-women-scientists-overlooked-dna-history-science/ https://web.archive.org/web/20190903184929/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/5/130519-women-scientists-overlooked-dna-history-science/ dead September 3, 2019 National Geographic News 19 January 2021 19 May 2013 Medicine – Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser Births January 5 – David Canter, English pioneer environmental and investigative psychologist.David Canter on how psychology can save lives and catch killers The Life Scientific Presenter: Jim Al-Khalili BBC Radio 4 2026-09-22 February 8 – Howard Dalton (died 2008), English microbiologist. February 15 – Sigurd Hofmann, German physicist. March 7 – Michael Rosbash, American geneticist and chronobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. March 23 – Francis Halzen, Belgian-born particle physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics. June 1 – Colin Blakemore, English neurobiologist (died 2022). June 5 – Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer. June 6 – Phillip Allen Sharp, American geneticist and molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. June 22 – Gérard Mourou, French electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics. July 13 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor and architect. August 24 – Gregory Jarvis (died 1986), American astronaut. October 11 – William T. Greenough (died 2013), American neuroscientist. October 16 – Elizabeth Loftus, American psychologist. October 21 – Jean-Pierre Sauvage, French coordination chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. December 19 – Richard Leakey (died 2022), Kenyan palaeoanthropologist. December 28 – Kary Mullis (died 2019), American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Deaths January 19 – Emily Winifred Dickson (born 1866), British gynaecologist.March 1944 Emily Winifred Dickson Martin The Lancet 243 6288 327 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)42291-9 January 20 – James McKeen Cattell (born 1860), American psychologist. February 8 – Bernard Sachs (born 1858), American neurologist. March – John R. F. Jeffreys (born 1918), British mathematician and cryptanalyst (tuberculosis). March 2 – Ida Maclean (born 1877), English biochemist. March 5 – Ernst Cohen (born 1869), Dutch Jewish chemist (in Auschwitz concentration camp). March 29 – Grace Chisholm Young (born 1868), English mathematician. April 16 – Percy Lane Oliver (born 1878), British pioneer of voluntary blood donation August 23 – Margarete Zuelzer (born 1877), German Jewish microbiologist (in Westerbork transit camp). June 18 – Harry Fielding Reid (born 1859), American geophysicist. July 25 – Jakob Johann von Uexküll (born 1864), Baltic German pioneer of biosemiotics.Carlo Brentari Jakob von Uexküll: The Discovery of the Umwelt between Biosemiotics and Theoretical Biology Springer 2015 November 2 – Thomas Midgley Jr. (born 1889), American chemist and inventor. November 22 – Sir Arthur Eddington (born 1882), English astrophysicist. References Category:20th century in science Category:1940s in science