1939 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1939 Tour de France Route of the 1939 Tour de France.png Route of the 1939 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris 360px 10–30 July 1939 18, including eight split stages 4224 km 132h 03' 17" Sylvère Maes BEL yellow Belgium René Vietto FRA South-East Lucien Vlaemynck BEL Belgium B Belgium B Sylvère Maes BEL Belgium 1938 1947 The 1939 Tour de France was the 33rd edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 10 to 30 July. The total distance was 4224 km 0 on. Taking place on the eve of World War II, there was already much animosity in Europe. Italy, Germany and Spain all declined to send teams to the race, so the 1938 Italian champion Gino Bartali would not be defending his title.http://enenvor.fr/eeo_revue/numero_2/velo/du_cliquetis_des_p%C3%A9dales_au_bruit_des_bottes.pdf Du cliquetis des pédales au bruit des bottes : un été cycliste perturbé en Bretagne (juillet-septembre 1939) Evanno Yves-Marie En Envor, revue d'histoire contemporaine en Bretagne 2013 16 December 2013 fr https://web.archive.org/web/20131019223305/http://enenvor.fr/eeo_revue/numero_2/velo/du_cliquetis_des_p%C3%A9dales_au_bruit_des_bottes.pdf 19 October 2013 bot: unknown To fill out the ranks, Belgium sent two teams, and France had five teams. This would be the final Tour for eight years, until 1947. Between the second and the seventh stage, the last rider in the general classification was eliminated. The race was won by Belgian Sylvère Maes who also won the mountains classification. Innovations and changes For the first time, a mountain time trial was scheduled: stage 16b.McGann McGann 2006 144–147 A rule was added to make it more difficult to finish the race: from the second stage to the seventh stage, the last rider in the classification was to be removed from the race. The nutrition of the cyclists became more professional: cyclists were reporting that the use of vitamins increased their performance.Applegate Elizabeth A. Grivetti Louis E. 1997 Search for the Competitive Edge: A History of Dietary Fads and Supplements The Journal of Nutrition 127 9164254 5 869S–873S http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/127/5/869S 10.1093/jn/127.5.869S free Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1939 Tour de France Because Italy, Germany and Spain did not send teams,Bowen 2006 152 the Tour organisation were short on participating cyclists. To solve this, they allowed Belgium to send two teams, and France to send four additional regional teams.http://veloarchive.com/races/tour/1939.php 1939: "Le Roi René" and the regionals James, Tom 15 August 2003 25 January 2010 VeloArchive The French cyclists had been successful in the 1930s, but their Tour winners were absent in 1939: 1930 and 1932 winner André Leducq had retired in 1938, as had 1931 and 1934 winner Antonin Magne; 1933 winner Georges Speicher did not ride, and 1937 winner Roger Lapébie was injured. This all made the Belgian team favourite.McGann McGann 2006 144–147 The teams entering the race were:The history of the Tour de France – Year 1939 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1939/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 14 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201114210103/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1939/partants.html dead 20em Belgium Switzerland Luxembourg Netherlands France Belgium B France North-East/Île de France France West France South-West France South-East Route and stages The highest point of elevation in the race was 2770 m ft on at the summit of the Col de l'Iseran mountain pass on stage 16b.Augendre 2016 178Et voici, dix ans apres... Le Tour de France 1939 And here, ten years later... The Tour de France 1939 https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97984033/f3.item Le Miroir des sports 11 July 1939 3 fr Gallica + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1939.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120306131903/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1939.php 6 March 2012 28 October 2016 dead Mémoire du cyclisme 33ème Tour de France 1939 frAugendre 2016 37http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1939 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live 20 April 2009 The history of the Tour de France – Year 1939 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1939/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403002800/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1939/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeThe icons shown here indicate whether the stage was run as a time trial, the stage was flat or the stage included mountains for the mountains classification. Stage 16b was a time trial that included a mountain. Winner 110 July Paris to Caen 215 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Amédée Fournier FRA 2a11 July Caen to Vire 64 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Romain Maes BEL 2b Vire to Rennes 119 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Éloi Tassin FRA 312 July Rennes to Brest 244 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Pierre Cloarec FRA 413 July Brest to Lorient 174 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Raymond Louviot FRA 514 July Lorient to Nantes 207 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Amédée Fournier FRA 6a15 July Nantes to La Rochelle 144 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Lucien Storme BEL 6b La Rochelle to Royan 107 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Edmond Pagès FRA 16 July Royan Rest day 717 July Royan to Bordeaux 198 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Raymond Passat FRA 8a18 July Bordeaux to Salies-de-Béarn 210 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marcel Kint BEL 8b Salies-de-Béarn to Pau 69 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Karl Litschi SUI 919 July Pau to Toulouse 311 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Edward Vissers BEL 20 July Toulouse Rest day 10a21 July Toulouse to Narbonne 149 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Pierre Jaminet FRA 10b Narbonne to Béziers 27 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Maurice Archambaud FRA 10c Béziers to Montpellier 70 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Maurice Archambaud FRA 1122 July Montpellier to Marseille 212 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Fabien Galateau FRA 12a23 July Marseille to Saint-Raphaël 157 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage François Neuens LUX 12b Saint-Raphaël to Monaco 122 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Maurice Archambaud FRA 1324 July Monaco to Monaco 101 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Pierre Gallien FRA 1425 July Monaco to Digne 175 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Pierre Cloarec FRA 1526 July Digne to Briançon 219 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Sylvère Maes BEL 16a27 July Briançon to Briançon 126 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Pierre Jaminet FRA 16b Bonneval to Bourg-Saint-Maurice 64 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Mountain time trial Sylvère Maes BEL 16c Bourg-Saint-Maurice to Annecy 104 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Antoon van Schendel NED 28 July Annecy Rest day 17a29 July Annecy to Dôle 226 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) François Neuens LUX 17b Dôle to Dijon 59 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Maurice Archambaud FRA 18a30 July Dijon to Troyes 151 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage René Le Grevès FRA 18b Troyes to Paris 201 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marcel Kint BEL Total 4224 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 Race overview 1939 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 10c 1939 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 18b thumb|upright|Sylvère Maes (pictured at the Tour 1936), winner of the general classification In the first stage, regional Amedée Fournier won the sprint of a group of nine cyclists, and was the first cyclist in 1939 to wear the yellow jersey. In the next stage, Romain Maes, who had finished in the same group as Fournier, won the time trial, and captured the lead. He lost it in the second part of that stage, when a group got away.McGann McGann 2006 144–147 Three regional riders were now on top of the general classification, led by Jean Fontenay. René Vietto, leader of the regional South-East team, was in second place. In the fourth stage, Vietto got into the winning break, and took over the lead, closesly followed by Mathias Clemens on six seconds.McGann McGann 2006 144–147 In the ninth stage, the single Pyrenees stage of 1939, Edward Vissers attacked instead of helping his team leader Sylvère Maes. Vissers won the stage, but Vietto was able to stay with Maes. Maes climbed to the second place in the general classification, three minutes behind Vietto.McGann McGann 2006 144–147 Maes was able to win back a little time, and just before the Alps were climbed from stage 15 on, Vietto was still leading, with Maes still in second place, two minutes behind. Sylvère Maes attacked on that stage, and Vietto was not able to follow. Vietto finished 17 minutes behind Maes, and lost the lead. The next stage was split in three split stages. In the first part, Vietto was able to stay close to Maes, but in the second part, the individual mountain time trial, Maes won ten minutes on Vietto. Maes was now leading with a margin of 27 minutes, and the victory seemed secure.McGann McGann 2006 144–147 In the last stages, Maes was able to extend his lead with a few more minutes. Maes became the winner, with a margin of more than half an hour. Classification leadership and minor prizes The time that each cyclist required to finish each stage was recorded, and these times were added together for the general classification. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. Of the 79 cyclists that started the race, 49 finished. For the mountains classification, 10 mountains were selected by the Tour organisation. The mountains classification in 1939 was won by Sylvère Maes. The first cyclist to reach the top received 10 points, the second cyclist 9 points, and so on until the tenth cyclist who received 1 point. The team classification was calculated in 1939 by adding up the times of the best three cyclists of a team; the team with the least time was the winner. In 1939, there were ten teams of eight cyclists. There were the national teams of Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, and France. Belgium also sent a second team, "Belgium B". Finally, there were four regional French teams: North-East, West, South-West and South-East. The South-West team was registered with eight cyclist, but only seven cyclists started the race. Only two of the South-West cyclists finished the race, so they were not in the team classification. +Classification leadership by stagevan den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1939 Information about the Tour de France from 1939 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1939 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302050021/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1939 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Winner General classification25px|link= Mountains classificationmountains-jersey No jersey was awarded to the leader of the mountains classification until a white jersey with red polka dots was introduced in 1975.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Team classification 1 Romain Maes Amédée Fournier no award Belgium A 2a Éloi Tassin Romain Maes 2b Pierre Cloarec Jean Fontenay France-West 3 Raymond Louviot 4 Amédée Fournier René Vietto 5 Lucien Storme 6a Edmond Pagès 6b Raymond Passat 7 Marcel Kint Belgium B 8a Karl Litschi 8b Edward Vissers 9 Pierre Jaminet Edward Vissers 10a Pierre Jaminet 10b Maurice Archambaud 10c Maurice Archambaud 11 Fabien Galateau 12a François Neuens 12b Maurice Archambaud 13 Pierre Gallien 14 Pierre Cloarec 15 Sylvère Maes Sylvère Maes 16a Pierre Jaminet 16b Sylvère Maes Sylvère Maes 16c Antoon van Schendel 17a François Neuens 17b Maurice Archambaud 18a René Le Grevès 18b Marcel Kint FinalSylvère Maes Sylvère Maes Belgium B Final standings General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1939 – Stage by stage http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1939/1802/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220250/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1939/1802/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time1 Sylvère Maes BEL Belgium 132h 03' 17"2 René Vietto FRA South-East + 30' 38"3 Lucien Vlaemynck BEL Belgium B + 32' 08"4 Mathias Clemens LUX Luxembourg + 36' 09"5 Edward Vissers BEL Belgium + 38' 05"6 Sylvain Marcaillou FRA France + 45' 16"7 Albertin Disseaux BEL Belgium B + 46' 54"8 Jan Lambrichs NED Netherlands + 48' 01"9 Albert Ritserveldt BEL Belgium B + 48' 27"10 Cyriel Vanoverberghe BEL Belgium B + 49' 44" Final general classification (11–49) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Dante Gianello FRAFrance + 55' 55" 12 Raymond Passat FRASouth-West + 57' 23" 13 Auguste Mallet FRAFrance + 1h 02' 05" 14 Maurice Archambaud FRAIle de France/North East + 1h 06' 24" 15 Albert van Schendel NEDNetherlands + 1h 10' 01" 16 Pierre Gallien FRAIle de France/North East + 1h 10' 22" 17 Louis Thiétard FRAIle de France/North East + 1h 13' 33" 18 Christophe Didier LUXLuxembourg + 1h 19' 07" 19 Georges Naisse FRAFrance + 1h 23' 53" 20 Pierre Clemens LUXLuxembourg + 1h 24' 48" 21 Albert Perikel BELBelgium B + 1h 26' 59" 22 Fabien Galateau FRASouth-East + 1h 28' 59" 23 Edmond Pagès FRASouth-West + 1h 35' 24" 24 Oreste Bernardoni FRASouth-East + 1h 46' 01" 25 Victor Cosson FRAFrance + 1h 47' 47" 26 Albert Hendrickx BELBelgium + 2h 04' 42" 27 François Neuville BELBelgium + 2h 15' 24" 28 André de Korver NEDNetherlands + 2h 15' 34" 29 Raymond Louviot FRAFrance + 2h 16' 58" 30 Josef Wagner SUISwitzerland + 2h 18' 38" 31 Pierre Cloarec FRAWest + 2h 19' 48" 32 Éloi Tassin FRAWest + 2h 21' 19" 33 Charles Berty FRASouth-East + 2h 23' 45" 34 Marcel Kint BELBelgium + 2h 24' 35" 35 Lucien Le Guével FRAFrance + 2h 37' 54" 36 Trino Yelamos FRASouth-East + 2h 38' 04" 37 Joseph Aureille FRASouth-East + 2h 46' 15" 38 Antoon van Schendel NEDNetherlands + 2h 51' 06" 39 Jozef Dominicus NEDNetherlands + 2h 53' 19" 40 Victor Codron FRAIle de France/North East + 3h 07' 02" 41 Théo Perret SUISwitzerland + 3h 14' 40" 42 François Neuens LUXLuxembourg + 3h 15' 54" 43 Jean Fontenay FRAWest + 3h 16' 59" 44 René Pedroli SUISwitzerland + 3h 19' 33" 45 René Le Grevès FRAWest + 3h 35' 53" 46 Janus Hellemons NEDNetherlands + 3h 44' 16" 47 Amédée Fournier FRAIle de France/North East + 4h 01' 56" 48 Joseph Soffietti FRASouth-East + 4h 18' 46" 49 Armand Le Moal FRAWest + 4h 26' 39" Mountains classification + Mountains in the mountains classificationAugendre 2016 175–192Stage RiderHeightMountain range Winner 9Aubisque1709 m ftPyreneesEdward Vissers 9Tourmalet2115 m ftPyreneesEdward Vissers 9Aspin1489 m ftPyreneesEdward Vissers 13Braus1002 m ftAlps-MaritimesSylvère Maes 15Allos2250 m ftAlpsEdward Vissers 15Vars2110 m ftAlpsEdward Vissers 15Izoard2361 m ftAlpsSylvère Maes 16aGalibier2556 m ftAlpsDante Gianello 16Iseran2770 m ftAlpsSylvère Maes 17aFaucille1320 m ftAlpsSylvère Maes + Final mountains classification (1–10)https://www.tour-giro-vuelta.net/ Tour-Giro-Vuelta 14 October 2009 Van Lonkhuyzen, Michielhttps://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k46355559/f3.item.zoom 3 Le tableau d'honneur des grimpeurs du Tour 39 fr 30 July 1939 L'Auto No 15000 Rank Rider Team Points1 Sylvère Maes BELBelgium 862 Edward Vissers BELBelgium 843 Albert Ritseveldt BELBelgium B 714 Dante Gianello FRAFrance 615 René Vietto FRA South-East 225 Christophe Didier LUX Luxembourg 227 Victor Cosson FRA France 188 Pierre Gallien FRA North-East 179 Louis Thiétard FRA North-East 169 Oreste Bernardoni FRA South-East 16 Team classification + Final team classification (1–9)http://www.archiefleeuwardercourant.nl/site/article.do?code=LC&date=19390731&id=LC-19390731-11007 De Ronde van Frankrijk – Sylver Maes winnaar 31 July 1939 14 October 2009 Leeuwarder Courant nl Rank Team Time1 Belgium B 398h 17' 20"2 France + 35' 47"3 Belgium + 36' 18"4 Luxembourg + 1h 12' 35"5 France North-East + 1h 23' 20"6 France South-East + 1h 38' 09"7 Netherlands + 2h 06' 07"8 France West + 5h 50' 37"9 Switzerland + 6h 45' 27" Aftermath Although he did not win the race, René Vietto became a popular cyclist. He was the most popular runner-up in France until Raymond Poulidor. The sales of the organising newspaper l'Auto had dropped to 164000, and the newspaper was sold to Raymond Patenôtre.Thompson 2008 310 A few months after Germany had conquered France in the Second World War, Patenôtre sold l'Auto to the Germans.Thompson 2008 35 Directly after the Tour, the organisation announced the 1940 Tour de France would be run in 20 stages and five rest days.http://emeroteca.coni.it/?q=node/6&f=3804&p=1 Novita per l'edizione 1940 Il littoriale Biblioteca digitale it 31 July 1939 11 February 2010 But the Second World War made it impossible to hold a Tour de France in the next years, although some replacing races were held. Only in 1947 would the Tour be held again, and Vietto would again play an important role then, holding the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for 15 of the 21 stages.http://veloarchive.com/races/tour/1947.php 1947: Robic snatches it at the death James, Tom 15 August 2003 25 January 2010 VeloArchive The victory of Maes would be the last Belgian Tour victory for 30 years, until Eddy Merckx won the 1969 Tour de France.http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=DMF20090721_001 21 juli 1969. Eddy Merckx wint zijn eerste Tour 21 July 2009 De Standaard nl 25 January 2010 Notes References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Bowen Wayne H https://archive.org/details/spainduringworld00bowe_0 registration Spain During World War II Columbia, MO University of Missouri Press 2006 978-0-8262-1658-8 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara, CA 978-1-59884-300-2 Thompson Christopher S. The Tour de France: A Cultural History https://books.google.com/books?id=UpzzPqexF00C University of California Press Oakland, CA 2008 978-0-520-25630-9 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 90–91 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1939 Tour de France 1 10c 11 18b Tour de France Category:Tour de France by year Tour de France