1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan

Mass starvation in the Tatar ASSR 1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan Famine_in_Russia_1921.jpg Victims of the famine in Buzuluk, 1921 Soviet Union Tatar ASSR 1921–1922 500,000Dronin Bellinger 2005 98–2,000,000Mizelle 2002 281 Aid provided by the Tatpomgol, Workers International Relief, and American Relief Administration 10% of the Tatar ASSR population died while another 13% fled to other parts of the country Russian famine of 1891–92 Soviet famine of 1932–33 Failures of collectivization The 1921–1922 famine in Tatarstan was a period of mass starvation and drought that took place in the Tatar ASSR as a result of the Russian Civil War,Mizelle 2002 18The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression October 1999 https://books.google.com/books?id=H1jsgYCoRioC Werth Panné Paczkowski Bartosek Margolin Nicolas Jean-Louis Andrzej Karel Jean-Louis Nicolas Werth Andrzej Paczkowski 92–97; 116–21 Harvard University Press Courtois Stéphane Stéphane Courtois 978-0-674-07608-2Graziosi Andrea 2017-08-01 Political Famines in the USSR and China: A Comparative Analysis https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS_a_00744 Journal of Cold War Studies 19 3 42–103 10.1162/JCWS_a_00744 57562220 1520-3972 subscription in which 500,000Dronin Bellinger 2005 98 to 2,000,000Mizelle 2002 281 peasants died. The event was part of the greater Russian famine of 1921–22 that affected other parts of what became the Soviet Union,Millar 2004 56 in which up to 5,000,000 people died in total.Millar 2004 270http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2011/pr-famine-040411.html How the U.S. saved a starving Soviet Russia: PBS film highlights Stanford scholar's research on the 1921-23 famine Haven Cynthia 4 April 2011 Stanford News Service 28 April 2017 30 January 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120130064356/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2011/pr-famine-040411.html dead According to Roman Serbyn, a Ukrainian professor of Russian and East European history, the Tatarstan famine was the first man-made famine in the Soviet Union and systematically targeted ethnic minorities such as Volga Tatars and Volga Germans.Serbyn Roman The first man-made famine in Soviet Union 1921-1923 http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1988/458814.shtml The Ukrainian Weekly 28 April 2017 6 November 1988 7 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170307140226/http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1988/458814.shtml dead Background Soviet leadership had long sought to suppress Tatar nationalism. Tatars were frequently charged with "bourgeois nationalism" and other revisionist crimes. Tatar leadership was executed or imprisoned, which many fled the USSR to Turkey for refuge. Collectivization of Tatar agriculture began in 1921. According to historian James Minahan, Crimean Tatars in particular "suffered proportionally greater population losses than any other Soviet national group during the first decades of Soviet rule."https://books.google.com/books?id=wXejvEgKs9oC&pg=PA164 The Former Soviet Union's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook Minahan James 2004 ABC-CLIO 9781576078235 164How is this related to the famine targeted at Volga Tatars and Volga Germans? January 2025 Farming methods in the Tatar ASSR were outdated, similar to most non-Russian nationalities in the Soviet Union. In addition, very few indigenous Tatar proletariats existed due to Russian imperial dominance.Mizelle 2002 154 Famine In early spring of 1921, the Cheka reported massive protests and riots among peasants. By 23 March, reports began to describe the developments in some kantons as a "famine" and documented peasants starving to death and committing suicide. In response to the lack of food, many peasants prevented grain trucks from leaving Tatarstan and some refused to sow their fields.Dronin Bellinger 2005 98 The famine also saw a large rise in the number of children submitted to orphanages, with poorer parents leaving their children in state institutions and some just abandoning them on the streets to fend for themselves. Orphanages could not keep up with demand, and the Tatar ASSR government devoted resources to expand the number of institutions available. For example, the Sviyazhsk kanton had two orphanages, which kept 64 children in July 1920. By, January 1922, this had expanded to 12 orphanages with 704 children.November 2019 By March 1922, some villages had lost half their population.Dronin Bellinger 2005 100 The famine also led to a sharp decline in the number of livestock and farming equipment as starving peasants sold off their property or slaughtered the draft animals for food.Mizelle 2002 3 KGB records from the time note the deaths of at least 500,000 people in Tatarstan,Dronin Bellinger 2005 98 but more recent estimates conclude the actual value was much higher at 2,000,000.Mizelle 2002 281 Historian James Long approximates that roughly 13% of the Tatar ASSR population fled to other parts of the country while another 10% died.Mizelle 2002 2 Relief In the summer of 1922, the special committee Tatpomgol was established to cope with the famine.Mizelle 2002 176 By August 1922, Tatpomgol imported 8 million pood of food, including 2 million pounds of seed, with a loan.Mizelle 2002 184 From the affected regions, hundreds of thousands of people, mostly children, were evacuated to Central Asia, Belarus and Siberia.Mizelle 2002 206 Emergency feeding points were established throughout the republic.Mizelle 2002 230 The Soviet government invited international organizations, such as Workers International Relief to assist.https://books.google.com/books?id=SlRc3KqcDygC&pg=PA176 American Communism and Soviet Russia Draper Theodore 1960 Transaction Publishers 9781412816915 176 en The United States government provided aid to starving Tatars in from 1920 to 1923 through the American Relief Administration.Millar 2004 56 Aftermath Though the most hard-hitting phase of the famine ended in 1922, shortages, starvation, and illness continued in the Volga region throughout 1923 and into 1924,Mizelle 2002 3 and the Soviet government settled ethnic Russians into the Tatar ASSR and in Idel-Ural region in this time causing the Tatars' share of the population to eventually decline to less than 50%.Mizelle 2002 304 In 2008, the All-Russian Tatar Social Center (VTOTs) asked the United Nations to condemn the 1921–22 Tatarstan famine as genocide of Muslim Tatars.Tatar Nationalists Ask UN to condemn 1921 famine as genocide Globe Paul 6 November 2008 Homin UkrainiChaudet Didier June 2009 When the Bear Confronts the Crescent: Russia and the Jihadist Issue https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/105451/CEFQ200905.pdf The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program 7 2 49 See also Droughts and famines in Russia and the Soviet Union Kazakh famine of 1919–1922 Russian famine of 1921–1922 References 2 Sources https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofru0001unse Encyclopedia of Russian History Volume 2: A-D James R. Millar 0-02-865907-4 2004 Macmillan Reference New York, USA 2017-04-28 registration Mizelle Peter Christopher "Battle with Famine:" Soviet Relief and the Tatar Republic 1921-1922 May 2002 University of Virginia District of Columbia, USA https://books.google.com/books?id=UpJEtwAACAAJ https://books.google.com/books?id=9a5j_JL6cqIC Climate Dependence and Food Problems in Russia, 1900-1990: The Interaction of Climate and Agricultural Policy and Their Effect on Food Problems Dronin N. M. Bellinger E. G. 2005 Central European University Press 9789637326103 en Further reading Açlıq 1921-1922, Tatarstanda/Ачлык 1921-22, Татарстанда expanded Category:1921 in Europe Category:1922 in Europe Category:1921 in Russia Category:1922 in Russia Category:1920s famines Category:1921 mass murders Category:1922 mass murders Category:20th century in Tatarstan Category:Russian famine of 1921–1922 Category:Famines in the Soviet Union Category:Tatar diaspora Category:Anti–Central Asian sentiment in Russia Category:Tatarophobia Category:Anti-German sentiment Category:Persecution of Muslims Category:Soviet war crimes in the Russian Civil War Category:Genocides in Europe