2014 Winter Olympics

Multi-sport event in Sochi, Russia Sochi 2014 the Winter Paralympics 2014 Winter Paralympics 2014 Olympics the Summer Youth Olympics held in Nanjing, China 2014 Summer Youth Olympics August 2024 August 2024 2014 Winter Olympics Sochi 2014 (Emblem).svg 250 Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics official logo Emblem of the 2014 Winter Olympics Sochi, Russia Hot. Cool. Yours.(ru Жаркие. Зимние. Твои. Zharkie. Zimnie. Tvoi gb) 88 98 in 7 sports (15 disciplines) 2,865 (1,762 men, 1,103 women) 7 February 2014 23 February 2014 President Vladimir Putin IOC President Thomas Bach Irina Rodnina Vladislav Tretiak Fisht Olympic Stadium Vancouver 2010 PyeongChang 2018 London 2012 Rio 2016 The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (ru XXII Олимпийские зимние игры XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry gb) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 (ru Сочи 2014), were an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Russia. Opening rounds in certain events were held on 6 February 2014, the day before the opening ceremony. These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee (IOC) presidency of Thomas Bach. Both the Olympics and Paralympics were organised by the Sochi Organizing Committee (SOOC). Sochi was selected as the host city on 4 July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City, Guatemala. It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state and former Warsaw Pact state after the Revolutions of 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic previously hosted the Summer Olympics in 1980. A record ninety-eight medal events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games. A number of new competitions—a total of twelve accounting for gender—were held during the Games, including biathlon mixed relay, women's ski jumping, mixed-team figure skating, mixed-team luge, half-pipe skiing, ski and snowboard slopestyle, and snowboard parallel slalom. The events were held around two clusters of new venues: an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea, with Fisht Olympic Stadium, and the Games' indoor venues located within walking distance; and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana. The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics. While originally budgeted at US$12 billion, major cost overruns caused this figure to expand to US$51 billion, more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated cost of US$44 billion for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. The 2014 Games achieved a record broadcast audience of 2.1 billion people worldwide.Sochi 2014 Facts & figures https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Games/Winter-Games/Games-Sochi-2014-Winter-Olympic-Games/Facts-and-Figures/Factsheet-Facts-and-Figures-Sochi-2014.pdf International Olympic Committee 1 February 2015 6 June 2018 1 October 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161001015101/https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/Games/Winter-Games/Games-Sochi-2014-Winter-Olympic-Games/Facts-and-Figures/Factsheet-Facts-and-Figures-Sochi-2014.pdf live In 2016, an independent report commissioned by the World Anti-Doping Agency confirmed allegations that the Russian Olympic team had been involved in a state-sponsored doping program, active from at least late 2011 through August 2015. The program was active during the Winter Olympics in Sochi, and athletes had benefited from the cover-up. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/sports/russia-doping-mclaren-report.html Russia's Doping Program Laid Bare by Extensive Evidence in Report The New York Times Rebecca R. Ruiz 9 December 2016 16 December 2017 2 March 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180302201732/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/09/sports/russia-doping-mclaren-report.html live https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2016/dec/09/mclaren-report-into-doping-in-sport-part-two-live McLaren report: more than 1,000 Russian athletes involved in doping conspiracy The Guardian Lawrence Ostlere 9 December 2016 16 December 2017 30 November 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171130123449/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2016/dec/09/mclaren-report-into-doping-in-sport-part-two-live live https://apnews.com/8be9cb7fcb5b4d65b1031597bb9f9e5e/Emails-show-how-Russian-officials-covered-up-mass-doping Emails show how Russian officials covered up mass doping James Ellingworth Associated Press 13 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161214061329/https://apnews.com/8be9cb7fcb5b4d65b1031597bb9f9e5e/Emails-show-how-Russian-officials-covered-up-mass-doping 14 December 2016 live The IOC stripped thirteen medals from Russian athletes in 2017, but nine were reinstated by the Court of Arbitration for Sport. In December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, with an option for whitelisted athletes to compete independently during the 2018 Winter Olympics.Ruiz Rebecca Panja Tariq Russia Banned from Winter Olympics by I.O.C. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/05/sports/olympics/ioc-russia-winter-olympics.html?mtrref=t.co 5 December 2017 The New York Times 5 December 2017 6 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171206074511/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/05/sports/olympics/ioc-russia-winter-olympics.html?mtrref=t.co livehttps://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/russia-banned-from-2018-olympics-following-doping-allegations/2017/12/05/9ab49790-d9d4-11e7-b859-fb0995360725_story.html Russia banned from 2018 Olympics for widespread doping program Hobson Will 5 December 2017 The Washington Post 5 December 2017 en-US 0190-8286 17 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171217000822/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/russia-banned-from-2018-olympics-following-doping-allegations/2017/12/05/9ab49790-d9d4-11e7-b859-fb0995360725_story.html live Bidding process Bids for the 2014 Winter Olympics thumb|Fans celebrating Sochi's bid win Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th International Olympic Committee (IOC) session held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, defeating bids from Salzburg, Austria; and Pyeongchang, South Korea.http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=2221 Sochi Elected as Host City of XXII Olympic Winter Games, International Olympic Committee Olympic.org 4 July 2007 17 January 2014 5 December 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101205235120/http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=2221 live This is the first time that the Russian Federation has hosted the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in and around Moscow. + 2014 host city election – ballot resultshttps://www.olympic.org/sochi-2014 IOC's Sochi 2014 Page (refer to the Election of Sochi section) International Olympic Committee 4 July 2007 23 September 2020 dmy-all 19 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140319031732/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/athlete-benoit-valentin live City Country Round 1 2SochiRussia3451PyeongchangSouth Korea3647Salzburg25— Cost and financing Cost of the Olympic Games As of October 2013, the estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$51 billion.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10414885/Sochi-chaos-behind-the-scenes-of-worlds-most-expensive-Winter-Olympics.html Sochi: chaos behind the scenes of world's most expensive Winter Olympics Daily Telegraph 30 October 2013 5 February 2014 Oliphant, Roland London 13 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140113024452/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10414885/Sochi-chaos-behind-the-scenes-of-worlds-most-expensive-Winter-Olympics.html live This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects (roads, railroads, power plants). This total is over four times the initial budget of $12 billion (compared to the $8 billion spent for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver), and made the Sochi games the most expensive Olympics in history, exceeding the estimated $44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing,https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2013/oct/09/sochi-2014-olympics-money-corruption Sochi 2014: the costliest Olympics yet but where has all the money gone? The Guardian 9 October 2013 6 February 2014 Owen Gibson 28 January 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170128202048/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2013/oct/09/sochi-2014-olympics-money-corruption live which hosted 3 times as many events.The Waste and Corruption of Vladimir Putin's 2014 Winter Olympics https://web.archive.org/web/20140209040048/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2014-01-02/the-2014-winter-olympics-in-sochi-cost-51-billion 9 February 2014 , businessweek, 2 January 2014 Dmitry Kozak was the main overseer for the events in Sochi. Kuzmin Vladimir ru:Назначенцы-2012 http://rg.ru/2012/05/24/pravitelstvo.html Appointees 2012 ru Rossiyskaya Gazeta The Kremlin in Moscow 24 May 2012 4 March 2016 6 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070210/http://rg.ru/2012/05/24/pravitelstvo.html live Dawisha Karen Karen Dawisha Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia? https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1476795207 2014 Simon & Schuster 87, 377 978-1-4767-9519-5 Sukhov Oleg From Olympics to Crimea, Putin Loyalist Kozak Entrusted with Kremlin Mega-Projects http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/from-olympics-to-crimea-putin-loyalist-kozak-entrusted-with-kremlin-mega-projects/497007.html The Moscow Times 28 March 2014 4 March 2016 4 April 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160404210157/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/from-olympics-to-crimea-putin-loyalist-kozak-entrusted-with-kremlin-mega-projects/497007.html live In its final budget published in June 2014, Olimpstroy—the state corporation that oversaw the Sochi Olympics development—reported the total allocated funds for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics of 1,524 billion rubles (US$49.5 billion).Golubchikov Oleg 31 January 2017 From a sports mega-event to a regional mega-project: the Sochi winter Olympics and the return of geography in state development priorities International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 9 2 237–255 10.1080/19406940.2016.1272620 131822552 1940-6940 http://orca.cf.ac.uk/96568/1/From%20a%20sports%20mega%20event%20to%20a%20regional%20mega%20project%20the%20Sochi%20winter%20Olympics%20and%20the%20return%20of%20geography%20in%20state%20development%20priorities.pdf 26 November 2018 19 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180719035959/http://orca.cf.ac.uk/96568/1/From%20a%20sports%20mega%20event%20to%20a%20regional%20mega%20project%20the%20Sochi%20winter%20Olympics%20and%20the%20return%20of%20geography%20in%20state%20development%20priorities.pdf live free However, only about a fifth of that budget ($10.8 billion) was directly related to the Olympic games, while the rest went into urban and regional regeneration and the conversion of the Sochi region into an all-year round sea and alpine resort. The breakdown table below is based on a report that has analysed the distribution of Olimpstroy's $49.5 billion budget.From a sports mega-event to a regional mega-project: the Sochi winter Olympics and the return of geography in state development priorities Golubchikov Oleg International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics 2017-04-03 9 2 10.1080/19406940.2016.1272620 237–255 en free Estimates also suggest that additional unrecoverable operational costs (including for security) could have added another $3 billion. The breakdown of the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics costs + Costs breakdown Item Cost million RUB million US$Direct Olympics costs (a)+(b)+(c)331,09810,753(a) Olympic venues221,5927,197Coastal Cluster96,3663,130Fisht Olympic Stadium18,994617Bolshoy Ice Dome10,102328Shayba Arena3,484113Adler Arena Skating Centre7,406241Iceberg Skating Palace8,127264Ice Cube Curling Centre73524Main Media Centre17,426566The Olympic Park9,871321Olympic Village (3000 places)12,217397A complex for Olympic partners (1285 apartments)8,003260Mountain Cluster125,2264,067Rosa Khutor Extreme Park (freestyle skiing, snowboarding)3,393110Rosa Khutor Alpine Skiing Centre11,911387Sanki Sliding Centre (bobsleigh, luge, skeleton)7,487243RusSki Gorki Jumping Centre (ski jumps, Nordic combined)9,889321Laura Centre (biathlon and cross-country) and Olympic Village (1100 places)74,5252,420Main Alpine Olympic Village (2600 places) at Rosa Khutor18,021585(b) Site preparation and supporting infrastructure85,3702,773Key infrastructure for Olympic venues (roads, energy, water, waste, security), planning and other works81,4132,644SOCOG office building3,957129(c) Operational costs (part of)24,135784Opening/closing ceremonies (equipment and organisation)3,444112Broadcasting and photo equipment13,330433Vehicles for visitors and logistics6,958226Live Sites city programme40313INDIRECT COSTS (d)+(e)1,193,34838,758(d) Skiing and tourist resorts189,9376,169Gazprom Alpine Tourist Centre60,7231,972Rosa Khutor35,0781,139Gornaya Karusel/Gorky Gorod72,7282,362Alpika Service21,408695(e) Other projects1,003,41132,589Hotels and health resorts130,7554,247Formula One racing11,982389Olympic University12,946420Combined road and railroad linking the two clusters317,22410,303Railways and rail terminals38,0151,235Road infrastructure189,5326,156Sochi Airport22,895744Sochi Seaport27,673899Housing projects11,379370Power generation and grids74,3052,413Gasification projects46,0481,496Other engineering, water, waste, telecommunications and other infrastructure104,9123,407Nature and culture parks11,346369Two hospitals4,399143Total (a)+(b)+(c)+(d)+(e)1,524,44549,511 Venues Venues of the 2014 Winter Olympics Europe 260 right Location of Sochi, Russia Location of Sochi on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in Europe. Sochi white 43.585278 39.720278 thumb|upright=1.2|Sochi from space, showing locations of Olympic park and ski venues With an average February temperature of 8.3 C F and a humid subtropical climate, Sochi is the warmest city to host a Winter Olympic Games.Vancouver Olympics: Embarrassed Russia looks to 2014 Sochi Olympics https://web.archive.org/web/20120916201414/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2010/0301/Vancouver-Olympics-Embarrassed-Russia-looks-to-2014-Sochi-Olympics 16 September 2012 The Christian Science Monitor, 1 March 2010 Sochi 2014 is the 12th straight Olympics to outlaw smoking; all Sochi venues, Olympic Park bars and restaurants and public areas were smoke-free during the Games.http://www.aroundtherings.com/ Rio Golf Course; Women's World Cup; IOC Nominee for Japan? – No Smoking in Sochi 23 December 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20111126220340/http://www.aroundtherings.com//articles/view.aspx?pv=xqv&id=37492 26 November 2011 dmy Around the Rings, 14 July 2011 It is also the first time that an Olympic Park has been built for hosting winter games.December 2017 Sochi Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster) Sochi Olympic Park thumb|upright=1.15|Aerial view of the Sochi Olympic Park thumb|upright=1.15|Panoramic view of the Sochi Olympic Park The Sochi Olympic Park was built by the Black Sea coast in the Imeretinsky Valley, about 4 km (2.5 miles) from Russia's border with Abkhazia/Georgia.http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7746114.stm Sochi's mixed feelings over Olympics BBC News 26 November 2008 17 January 2014 21 February 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090221105502/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7746114.stm liveRussian Deputy PM leads Sochi delegation to inspect Munich Olympic Park https://web.archive.org/web/20120816001307/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/9667-russian-deputy-pm-leads-sochi-delegation-to-inspect-munich-olympic-park 16 August 2012 Inside the Games, 22 May 2010 The venues were clustered around a central water basin on which the Medals Plaza is built, allowing all indoor venues to be within walking distance. It also features "The Waters of the Olympic Park" (designed by California-based company WET), a choreographed fountain which served as the backdrop in the medals awards and the opening and closing ceremonies of the event. Madler Mark 24 February 2014 WET Design Runs Rings Around Rivals http://sfvbj.com/accounts/login/?next=/news/2014/feb/24/wet-design-runs-rings-around-rivals/ San Fernando Business Journal Los Angeles, California California Business Journals 26 February 2014 27 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140227073819/http://sfvbj.com/accounts/login/?next=%2Fnews%2F2014%2Ffeb%2F24%2Fwet-design-runs-rings-around-rivals%2F live http://www.gizmag.com/sochi-olympic-fountains/30934/ Gizmag California-based WET makes the waters dance at Sochi 26 February 2013 18 October 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141018015242/http://www.gizmag.com/sochi-olympic-fountains/30934/ live The new venues include:Посмотрели свысока https://web.archive.org/web/20130807063407/http://www.yugopolis.ru/galleries/sport/2013/07/16/423/sochi-2014-sochi-olimpiada-v-sochi-olimpiiskoe-stroitelstvo 7 August 2013 Yugopolis, 16 July 2013 Fisht Olympic Stadium – ceremonies (opening/closing) 40,000 spectators Bolshoy Ice Dome – ice hockey (final), 12,000 spectators Shayba Arena – ice hockey, 7,000 spectators Adler Arena Skating Center – speed skating, 8,000 spectators Iceberg Skating Palace – figure skating, short track speed skating, 12,000 spectators Ice Cube Curling Center – curling, 3,000 spectators Main Olympic village International broadcasting centre and main press room Sochi 2014 olympic coastal cluster map-en.svg 500px A sketch of the layout of Sochi Olympic Park. Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster) Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai thumb|Chairlift in Krasnaya Polyana Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex – biathlon, cross-country skiing Rosa Khutor Extreme Park – freestyle skiing and snowboarding Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort – alpine skiing Sliding Center Sanki – bobsleigh, luge and skeleton RusSki Gorki Jumping Center – ski jumping and Nordic combined (both ski jumping and cross-country skiing on a 2 km route around the arena) Roza Khutor plateau Olympic Village Sochi 2014 olympic mountain cluster map-en.svg 460px center 2014 Winter Olympics Mountain Cluster Venues Post-Olympic usage thumb|right|Fisht Olympic Stadium under re-construction in 2015. A street circuit known as the Sochi Autodrom was constructed in and around Olympic Park. Its primary use is to host the Formula One Russian Grand Prix, which held its inaugural edition in October 2014.Korsunskaya Darya Gennady Fydorov Alan Baldwin Sochi to host Russian GP from 2014–2020 Reuters 14 October 2010 http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE69D1X020101014 20 October 2010 12 September 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190912021259/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-motor-racing-russia/sochi-to-host-russian-gp-from-2014-2020-idUKTRE69D1X020101014 deadIOC threatens to postpone Russian Grand Prix http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/250388/ioc-threatens-to-postpone-russian-grand-prix/ GP Update 13 January 2011 30 April 2012 6 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150906092412/http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/250388/ioc-threatens-to-postpone-russian-grand-prix/ live In January 2015, work began on adapting Fisht Olympic Stadium into an open-air football stadium to host matches during the 2018 FIFA World Cup.Russia to Spend $50 Million Taking Roof Off Sochi Olympic Stadium http://www.themoscowtimes.com/articles/russia-to-spend-50-million-taking-roof-off-sochi-olympic-stadium-43058 The Moscow Times 20 January 2015 19 July 2016 19 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181119075259/https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/russia-to-spend-50-million-taking-roof-off-sochi-olympic-stadium-43058 liveRussia 2018 preparations suffer setback as Sochi Olympic Stadium completion date pushed back http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1036155/russia-2018-preparations-suffer-setback-as-sochi-olympic-stadium-completion-date-pushed-back InsideTheGames.biz 6 April 2016 19 July 2016 8 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160808011311/http://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1036155/russia-2018-preparations-suffer-setback-as-sochi-olympic-stadium-completion-date-pushed-back live A new ice hockey team in the Kontinental Hockey League, HC Sochi Leopards, now plays in Bolshoy Arena. Marketing 2014 Winter Olympics marketing Construction thumb|right|Vladimir Putin with George W. Bush and Laura Bush examining the models of the Olympic facilities for Sochi, April 2008 thumb|upright|100 Russian ruble banknote issued in 2013 by the Central Bank of Russia The Olympic infrastructure was constructed according to a Federal Target Program (FTP). In June 2009, the Games' organisers reported they were one year ahead in building the main Olympic facilities as compared to recent Olympic Games."Russia prepares for Olympic Games 2014 faster than scheduled". March 2017 medicmedic ITAR-TASS, 27 June 2009 In November 2011, IOC President Jacques Rogge was in Sochi and concluded that the city had made significant progress since he last visited eighteen months earlier.http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135972.html IOC Head Praises Sochi 2014 November 24, 2011 Game Bids June 6, 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20111128104324/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135972.html 28 November 2011 Telecommunications Telecommunications in Russia According to the FTP, US$580 million would be spent on construction and modernisation of telecommunications in the region. Avaya was named by the Sochi Organizing Committee as the official supplier of telecommunications equipment. Avaya provided the data network equipment, including switches, routers, security, telephones and contact-centre systems. It provided engineers and technicians to design and test the systems, and worked with other technology partners to provide athletes, dignitaries and fans information about the Games.http://www.slideshare.net/AvayaInc/dn7191-en-sochi Avaya Customer Case Study: Sochi 2014 Olympics Avaya Slideshare 23 April 2013 9 December 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225957/http://www.slideshare.net/AvayaInc/dn7191-en-sochi 2 December 2013 http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/15030-us-firm-avaya-named-as-sochi-2014-network-equipment-supplier US firm Avaya named as Sochi 2014 network equipment supplier insidethegames.biz - Olympic, Paralympic and Commonwealth Games News Insidethegames.biz 30 November 2011 17 January 2014 15 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140115014532/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/15030-us-firm-avaya-named-as-sochi-2014-network-equipment-supplier live Owen David The 2014 Olympics is the first "fabric-enabled" Games using Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) technology.Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games http://www.avaya.com/ru/resource/assets/casestudies/DN7191EN-Sochi.pdf Avaya 2013 10 December 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140513215409/http://www.avaya.com/ru/resource/assets/casestudies/DN7191EN-Sochi.pdf 13 May 2014 The network is capable of handling up to 54 Tbit/s of traffic.Avaya builds massive Wi-Fi net for 2014 Winter Olympics http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/121613-avaya-wifi-olympics-276776.html?source=NWWNLE_nlt_network_systems_2013-12-16 December 2013 James Careless Network World dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190642/http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/121613-avaya-wifi-olympics-276776.html?source=NWWNLE_nlt_network_systems_2013-12-16 16 December 2013 dmy Infrastructure built for the games included: A network of TETRA mobile radio communications for 100 user groups (with capacity of 10,000 subscribers); 712 km on of fibre-optic cables along the Anapa-Dzhubga-Sochi highways and Dzhubga–Krasnodar branch; Digital broadcasting infrastructure, including radio and television broadcasting stations (building and communications towers) with coverage from Grushevaya Polyana (Pear Glade) to Sochi and Anapa cities. The project also included construction of infocommunications centre for broadcasting abroad via three HDTV satellites. During the Games, the core networks of Rostelecom and Transtelekom were used."Сочи-2014 выходит на связь" https://web.archive.org/web/20070930165629/http://www.osp.ru/nets/2007/10/4275795/ 30 September 2007 . Открытые системы, 2007 ru In January 2012, the newest equipment for the television coverage of the Games arrived in the port of Adler. Prepared specifically for the Games, a team of regional specialists and the latest technology provide a qualitatively new level of television production in the region.http://www.broadcasting.ru/articles2/event/innovacionnoe-olimpiiskoe-televizionnoe-oborydovanie-vpervie-v-sochi Инновационное олимпийское телевизионное оборудование впервые в Сочи Broadcasting.ru 9 December 2013 2 December 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131202224517/http://www.broadcasting.ru/articles2/event/innovacionnoe-olimpiiskoe-televizionnoe-oborydovanie-vpervie-v-sochi live The fibre-optic channel links Sochi between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana. The 46 km mi mid -long channel enables videoconferencing and news reporting from the Olympics."Fiber-optic communications in Olympic Sochi". Mayak Radio, 28 March 2008 ru https://web.archive.org/web/20080415073350/http://www.radiomayak.ru/doc.html?id=67646 15 April 2008 In November 2013, it was reported that the fibre-optic cable that was built by the Federal Communications Agency, Rossvyaz, had no operator. With Rostelecom and Megafon both refusing to operate it, the line was transferred to the ownership of the state enterprise Center for Monitoring & Development of Infocommunication Technologies (ru no Центр МИР ИТ).http://www.comnews.ru/node/77741 'МИР ИТ' приютил олимпийскую ВОЛС comnews.ru 17 November 2013 9 November 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131109002532/http://www.comnews.ru/node/77741 live Russian mobile phone operator Megafon expanded and improved Sochi's telecom infrastructure with over 700 new 2G/3G/4G cell towers. Sochi was the first Games to offer 4G connectivity at a speed of 10 MB/sec. In January 2014, Rostelecom reported that it had connected the Olympic media centre in Sochi to the Internet and organised channels of communication with the main media centre of the Olympic Games in the coastal cluster and press centre in Moscow. The media centre was built at total cost of 17 million rubles.http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/27225 https://web.archive.org/web/20140125115135/http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/27225 dead 25 January 2014 'Ростелеком' обеспечил телекоммуникационными услугами олимпийский медиацентр в Сочи TASS-TELECOM 23 January 2014 http://en.itar-tass.com/non-political/716037 Olympics' press center and Mountain Cluster's media center open in Sochi ITAR-TASS 24 January 2014 24 January 2014 28 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140128054529/http://en.itar-tass.com/non-political/716037 live Power infrastructure thumb|Night view of Sochi during the Olympics, taken by Expedition 38 members from the International Space Station A five-year strategy for increasing the power supply of the Sochi region was presented by Russian energy experts during a seminar on 29 May 2009, held by the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee, and attended by International Olympic Committee (IOC) experts and officials from the Russian Ministry of Regional Development, the Russian Ministry of Energy, the State Corporation Olimpstroy and the Krasnodar Krai administration.Games 2014 Will Double Sochi Power Supply https://web.archive.org/web/20140207211443/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-games-2014-will-double-sochi-power-supply 7 February 2014 Sochi 2014, 29 May 2009 According to the strategy, the capacity of the regional energy network would increase by two and a half times by 2014, guaranteeing a stable power supply during and after the Games. The power demand of Sochi at the end of May 2009 was 424 MW. The power demand of the Olympic infrastructure was expected to be about 340 MW. Poselkovaya electrical substation became operational in early 2009. Sochi thermal power station reconstructed (expected power output was 160 MW) Laura and Rosa Khutor electrical substations were completed in November 2010 Mzymta electrical substation was completed in March 2011 Krasnopolyanskaya hydroelectric power station was completed in 2010 Adler CHP station design and construction was completed in 2012. Expected power output was 360 MW"Gazprom launches construction of Adler CHPS". https://web.archive.org/web/20100101060023/http://gazprom.com/press/news/2009/september/article68506/ 1 January 2010 Gazprom, 28 September 2009 Bytkha substation, under constructionMust be complete by 2022 if it played a part in the 2014 Olympics!! March 2022 with two transformers 25 MW each, includes dependable microprocessor-based protection Earlier plans also include building combined cycle (steam and gas) power stations near the cities of Tuapse and Novorossiysk and construction of a cable-wire powerline, partially on the floor of the Black Sea."The power capacities of the Sochi region will increase before the Olympics by a factor of four". https://web.archive.org/web/20071002141904/http://top.rbc.ru/economics/06/07/2007/108439.shtml 2 October 2007 RBC, 6 July 2007 ru Transportation Transport in Russia The transport infrastructure prepared to support the Olympics includes many roads, tunnels, bridges, interchanges, railroads and stations in and around Sochi. Among others, 8 flyovers, 102 bridges, tens of tunnels and a bypass route for heavy trucks – 367 km mi of roads were paved.http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1667 https://web.archive.org/web/20140224055843/http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1667 24 February 2014 Sochi welcomes 2014 Winter Olympics with traditional Russian hospitality En.itar-tass.com 7 February 2014 The Sochi Light Metro is located between Adler and Krasnaya Polyana connecting the Olympic Park, Sochi International Airport, and the venues in Krasnaya Polyana."Sochi opens new rail line for 2014 Winter Olympics". https://web.archive.org/web/20120329074732/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/15926-sochi-opens-new-rail-line-for-2014-winter-olympics 29 March 2012 Inside the Games, 17 February 2012 thumb|Olympic Park railway station The existing 102 km mi in on, Tuapse-to-Adler railroad was renovated to provide double track throughout, increasing capacity and enabling a reliable regional service to be provided and extending to the airport. In December 2009, Russian Railways ordered 38 Siemens Mobility Desiro trains for delivery in 2013 for use during the Olympics, with an option for a further 16 partly built in Russia."Siemens signs Russian Olympic train order". https://web.archive.org/web/20100130065322/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/10/siemens-signs-russian-olympic-train-order.html 30 January 2010 Railway Gazette International, 1 January 2010 At Sochi International Airport, a new terminal was built along a 3.5 km mi in on runway extension, overlapping the Mzymta River."Runway in Sochi airport will cross the river". https://web.archive.org/web/20080415150113/http://www.yuga.ru/news/99375/ 15 April 2008 YuGA.ru, 8 July 2007 ru thumb|Sochi seaport At the Port of Sochi, a new offshore terminal 1.5 km mi on from the shore allows docking for cruise ships with capacities of 3,000 passengers.http://www.wagmag.com/playing-in-the-snow/ Playing in the snow Cappy Devlin Wag Mag 27 December 2013 June 6, 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20140222014102/http://www.wagmag.com/playing-in-the-snow/ 22 February 2014 The cargo terminal of the seaport would be moved from the centre of Sochi. Roadways were detoured, some going around the construction site and others being cut off.http://www.dp.ru/msk/news/transport/2007/10/08/240832/print/ Sochi authorities close the entrance to the city 1 June 2016 DP.ru 8 October 2007 ruJune 2016 medicmedic thumb|left|upright=1.05|A "Lastochka" (Siemens Desiro) train, which serves the Tuapse–Sochi route In May 2009, Russian Railways started the construction of tunnel complex No. 1 (the final total is six) on the combined road (automobile and railway) from Adler to Alpica Service Mountain Resort in the Krasnaya Polyana region. The tunnel complex No. 1 is located near Akhshtyr in Adlersky City District, and includes:http://sochi2014.com/87553 Russian Railways started mountain tunnel complex construction from Sochi to Krasnaya Polyana 25 January 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100125071827/http://sochi2014.com/87553 25 January 2010 dmy Interfax, 27 May 2009 ru Escape tunnel, 2.25 km, completed in 2010 Road tunnel, 2153 m, completed in 2013 One-track railway tunnel, 2473 m, completed in 2013 Russian Railways president Vladimir Yakunin stated the road construction costed more than 200 billion rubles.http://eng.rzd.ru/isvp/public/rzdeng?STRUCTURE_ID=15&layer_id=4839&id=105753 Russian Railways President Yakunin sums up investment programme for first 7 months of 2011 Russian Railways 17 August 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110924192945/http://eng.rzd.ru/isvp/public/rzdeng?STRUCTURE_ID=15 24 September 2011 In addition, Sochi's railway stations were renovated. These are Dagomys, Sochi, Matsesta, Khosta, Lazarevskaya, and Loo railway stations. In Adler, a new railway station was built while the original building was preserved, and in the Olympic park cluster, a new station was built from scratch, the Olympic Park railway station. Another new railway station was built in Estosadok, close to Krasnaya Polyana. Other infrastructure thumb|Sochi at night from spacehttp://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83149 NASA – Sochi at night 17 February 2014 20 February 2014 25 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140225030459/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83149 live Funds were spent on the construction of hotels for 10,300 guests."Sochi is not a place for recreation". https://web.archive.org/web/20120311011841/http://sport.gazeta.ru/sport/2007/07/a_1880984.shtml 11 March 2012 Gazeta.ru, 5 July 2007 ru The first of the Olympic hotels, Zvezdny (Stellar), was rebuilt anew."Construction of the first olympic hotel starts in Sochi". https://web.archive.org/web/20080415094433/http://rian.ru/sport/olympic_games/20070807/70510471.html 15 April 2008 RIA Novosti, 7 August 2007 ru Significant funds were spent on the construction of an advanced sewage treatment system in Sochi, designed by Olimpstroy. The system meets BREF standards and employs top available technologies for environment protection, including tertiary treatment with microfiltration.Archived copy at WebCite (20 December 2006). Press Service of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russian Federation, 13 July 2009 ru Six post offices were opened at competition venues, two of them in the main media centre in Olympic Park and in the mountain village of Estosadok. In addition to standard services, customers had access to unique services including two new products, Fotomarka and Retropismo. Fotomarka presents an opportunity to get a stylised sheet of eight souvenir stamps with one's own photos, using the services of a photographer in the office. Retropismo service allows a customer to write with their own stylus or pen on antique paper with further letters, winding string and wax seal affixing. All the new sites and post offices in Sochi were opened during the Olympics until late night 7 days a week, and employees were trained to speak English.http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/26896 https://web.archive.org/web/20140109190257/http://tasstelecom.ru/news/one/26896 dead 9 January 2014 Гости Олимпиады смогут отправить написанное пером письмо, оплатив почтовые услуги маркой с собственной фотографией Guests of the Olympics will be able to send a letter written with a pen, paying for postage with a stamp with their own photo TASS Telecom 9 January 2014 The Games Torch relay 2014 Winter Olympics torch relaythumb|Torch relay in Moscow On 29 September 2013, the Olympic torch was lit in Ancient Olympia, beginning a seven-day journey across Greece and on to Russia, then the torch relay started at Moscow on 7 October 2013 before passing 83 Russian cities and arriving at Sochi on the day of the opening ceremony, 7 February 2014.Russia anti-gay law casts a shadow over Sochi's 2014 Olympics https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russia-anti-gay-law-casts-a-shadow-over-sochis-2014-olympics/2013/09/29/3646344c-27a6-11e3-9372-92606241ae9c_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost Washington Post 29 September 2013 Kathy Lally 1 October 2013 4 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140404232207/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russia-anti-gay-law-casts-a-shadow-over-sochis-2014-olympics/2013/09/29/3646344c-27a6-11e3-9372-92606241ae9c_story.html?Post+generic=%3Ftid%3Dsm_twitter_washingtonpost live It is the longest torch relay in Olympic history, a 60,000 km miles on 1 route that passes through all regions of the country, from Kaliningrad in the west to Chukotka in the east. The Olympic torch reached the North Pole for first time via a nuclear-powered icebreaker (50 Let Pobedy). The torch was also passed for the first time in space, though not lit for the duration of the flight for safety reasons, on flight Soyuz TMA-11M to the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft itself was adorned with Olympic-themed livery including the Games' emblem. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazansky waved the torch on a spacewalk outside the ISS. The torch returned to Earth five days later on board Soyuz TMA-09M.Soyuz TMA-09M safely returns crew back to Earth http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/11/soyuz-tma-09m-undocking-landing/ NASASpaceFlight 10 November 2013 4 February 2014 28 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140228112953/http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2013/11/soyuz-tma-09m-undocking-landing/ live iDNES.cz, ČTK http://technet.idnes.cz/kosmonauti-si-predali-olympijskou-pochoden-fzw-/tec_vesmir.aspx?c=A131109_174531_tec_vesmir_vez Kosmonauti si poprvé ve volném vesmíru předali olympijskou pochodeň 9 November 2013 Technet.idnes.cz 9 December 2013 13 November 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131113090024/http://technet.idnes.cz/kosmonauti-si-predali-olympijskou-pochoden-fzw-/tec_vesmir.aspx?c=A131109_174531_tec_vesmir_vez live The torch also reached Europe's highest mountain, Mount Elbrus, and Siberia's Lake Baikal.Loumena Dan https://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-sochi-olympic-torch-lake-baikal-20131123,0,1499071.story Sochi Olympic torch takes plunge into world's deepest lake Associated Press Los Angeles Times 23 November 2013 9 December 2013 12 December 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131212112056/http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-sochi-olympic-torch-lake-baikal-20131123,0,1499071.story live Opening ceremony 2014 Winter Olympics opening ceremony 2014 Winter Olympics Parade of Nations thumb|Fireworks over Fisht Olympic Stadium following the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron. thumb|The Olympic Rings at Sochi Olympic Park The opening ceremony of the 2014 Winter Olympics was held on 7 February 2014 at Fisht Olympic Stadium, an indoor arena built specifically for the ceremonies. The ceremony featured scenes based around aspects of Russian history and arts, including ballet, classical music, the Russian Revolution, and the age of the Soviet Union. The opening scene of the ceremony featured a notable technical error, where one of five snowflakes, which were to expand to form the Olympic rings, malfunctioned and did not expand (a mishap mocked by the organisers at the closing ceremony where one of the roundrelay dance groups symbolising the Olympic rings "failed" to expand). The torch was taken into the stadium by Maria Sharapova, who then passed it to Yelena Isinbayeva who, in turn, passed it to wrestler Aleksandr Karelin. Karelin then passed the torch to gymnast Alina Kabaeva. Figure skater Irina Rodnina took the torch and was met by former ice hockey goalkeeper Vladislav Tretiak, who exited the stadium to jointly light the Olympic cauldron located near the centre of Olympic Park.Sochi 2014 begins with teams, classical music and a flying girl Faith Karimi Michael Martinez CNN 7 February 2014 http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/07/world/europe/russia-sochi-winter-olympics/ 7 February 2014 5 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171205095709/http://www.cnn.com/2014/02/07/world/europe/russia-sochi-winter-olympics/ liveOlympics open in Sochi with extravagant pageant 7 February 2014 The Washington Post Kathy Lally Will Englund https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/olympics-open-in-sochi-with-extravagant-pageant/2014/02/07/bba8a5e2-9011-11e3-b227-12a45d109e03_story.html 8 February 2014 13 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160313040248/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/olympics-open-in-sochi-with-extravagant-pageant/2014/02/07/bba8a5e2-9011-11e3-b227-12a45d109e03_story.html liveNews http://www.sochi2014.com/en/voice-of-the-games sochi2014.com 10 February 2014 24 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181224153049/https://www.olympic.org/news liveVladislav Tretyak and Irina Rodnina lit the Olympic flame at the Fisht Stadium in Sochi http://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/718089 4 March 2014 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140331105705/http://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/718089 31 March 2014 Participating National Olympic Committees A record 88 nations qualified to compete,Record 88 nations to participate in Winter Games http://globalnews.ca/news/1123578/record-88-nations-to-participate-in-winter-games/ Global News Sochi, Russia Associated Press 2 February 2014 2 February 2014 24 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181224013942/https://globalnews.ca/news/1123578/record-88-nations-to-participate-in-winter-games/ live which beat the previous record of 82 set at the previous Winter Olympics in Vancouver. The number of athletes who qualified per country is listed in the table below (number of athletes shown in parentheses). Seven nations made their Winter Olympics debut: Dominica, Malta, Paraguay, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, and Zimbabwe.MacKenzie Eric 16 January 2014 Sochi Spotlight: Zimbabwe's first Winter Olympian http://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/whistler/sochi-spotlight-zimbabwes-first-winter-olympian/Content?oid=2542948 Pique Newsmagazine Whistler, British Columbia, Canada 16 January 2014 1 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140201144447/http://www.piquenewsmagazine.com/whistler/sochi-spotlight-zimbabwes-first-winter-olympian/Content?oid=2542948 live Meanwhile, the Philippines returned to the Winter games after a 22-year absence, and Thailand, Virgin Islands, Luxembourg and Venezuela returned after 8 years. The Winter debut of Malta meant that for the first time ever, all of the current members of the European Olympic Committees participated at the Winter Olympics. Kristina Krone qualified to compete in her second consecutive games for Puerto Rico, but the island's Olympic Committee once again chose not to send her to compete.Pagan Rivera Esteban 12 January 2014 Kristina Krone: Quería ir a Sochi, pero nunca recibió contestación del Comité Olímpico http://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/kristinakronequeriairasochiperonuncarecibiocontestaciondelcomiteolimpico-982330/ es Primerahora 12 January 2014 13 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140113092013/http://www.primerahora.com/deportes/otros/nota/kristinakronequeriairasochiperonuncarecibiocontestaciondelcomiteolimpico-982330/ live Similarly, South Africa decided not to send alpine skier Sive Speelman to Sochi.http://www.iol.co.za/sport/more-sport/sascoc-crush-speelman-s-olympic-dream-1.1635894#.UuMtRhAo7IU Sascoc crush Speelman's Olympic dream 23 January 2014 IOL Sport 24 January 2014 24 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140124142808/http://www.iol.co.za/sport/more-sport/sascoc-crush-speelman-s-olympic-dream-1.1635894#.UuMtRhAo7IU live Algeria also did not enter its only qualified athlete, Mehdi-Selim Khelifi.Dubault Fabrice 24 January 2014 L'histoire invraisemblable de Mehdi Khelifi privé de J.O par l'Algérie http://languedoc-roussillon.france3.fr/2014/01/24/l-histoire-invraisemblable-de-mehdi-khelifi-prive-de-jo-par-l-algerie-401707.html France 3 24 January 2014 29 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140129050654/http://languedoc-roussillon.france3.fr/2014/01/24/l-histoire-invraisemblable-de-mehdi-khelifi-prive-de-jo-par-l-algerie-401707.html live India's athletes originally competed as Independent Olympic Participants and marched under the Olympic flag during the opening ceremony, as India was originally suspended in December 2012 over the election process of the Indian Olympic Association.31 December 2013 Sochi Games: Four Indian skiers to go as independent athletes http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/sochi-games-four-indian-skiers-to-go-as-independent-athletes_777046.html Zee news 31 December 2013 2 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140102160545/http://zeenews.india.com/sports/others/sochi-games-four-indian-skiers-to-go-as-independent-athletes_777046.html live On 11 February, the Indian Olympic Association was reinstated and India's athletes were allowed the option to compete under their own flag from that time onward.IOC Executive Board lifts suspension of NOC of India http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-executive-board-lifts-suspension-of-noc-of-india/224038 11 February 2014 11 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140211224032/http://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-executive-board-lifts-suspension-of-noc-of-india/224038 live Although Shiva Keshavan competed as an Independent athlete and is recorded as such, he was permitted to walk under the flag of India at the closing ceremony. thumb|center|upright=2.75|#00ff7f The participating countries at the 2014 Winter Olympics #1e90ff Debuting countries at the Winter Olympicsyellow Yellow circle is host city (Sochi) thumb|center|upright=2.75|Number of participating athletes by country #F90000 100+#F7931D 30–99#FFE600 10–29#00BB05 4–9#0093F7 1–3 Participating National Olympic Committees (number of qualifying athletes)15em ALB 2014 Winter 2 AND 2014 Winter 6 ARG 2014 Winter 7 ARM 2014 Winter 4 AUS 2014 Winter 60 AUT 2014 Winter 130 AZE 2014 Winter 4 BLR 2014 Winter 25 BEL 2014 Winter 7 BER 2014 Winter 1 BIH 2014 Winter 5 BRA 2014 Winter 13 IVB 2014 Winter 1 BUL 2014 Winter 18 CAN 2014 Winter 217 CAY 2014 Winter 1 CHI 2014 Winter 6 CHN 2014 Winter 66 TPE 2014 Winter 3 CRO 2014 Winter 11 CYP 2014 Winter 2 CZE 2014 Winter 88 DEN 2014 Winter 12 DMA 2014 Winter 2 EST 2014 Winter 25 FIN 2014 Winter 103 FRA 2014 Winter 116 GEO 2014 Winter 4 GER 2014 Winter 153 GBR 2014 Winter 56 GRE 2014 Winter 7 HKG 2014 Winter 1 HUN 2014 Winter 16 ISL 2014 Winter 5 IND 2014 Winter 2 IRI 2014 Winter 5 IRL 2014 Winter 5 ISR 2014 Winter 5 ITA 2014 Winter 113 JAM 2014 Winter 2 JPN 2014 Winter 113 KAZ 2014 Winter 52 KGZ 2014 Winter 1 LAT 2014 Winter 58 LIB 2014 Winter 2 LIE 2014 Winter 4 LTU 2014 Winter 9 LUX 2014 Winter 1 MKD 2014 Winter 3 MLT 2014 Winter 1 MEX 2014 Winter 1 MDA 2014 Winter 4 MON 2014 Winter 5 MGL 2014 Winter 2 MNE 2014 Winter 2 MAR 2014 Winter 2 NEP 2014 Winter 1 NED 2014 Winter 41 NZL 2014 Winter 15 NOR 2014 Winter 134 PAK 2014 Winter 1 PAR 2014 Winter 1 PER 2014 Winter 3 PHI 2014 Winter 1 POL 2014 Winter 58 POR 2014 Winter 2 ROU 2014 Winter 24 RUS 2014 Winter 232 (host) SMR 2014 Winter 2 SRB 2014 Winter 8 SVK 2014 Winter 63 SLO 2014 Winter 66 KOR 2014 Winter 71 ESP 2014 Winter 20 SWE 2014 Winter 106 SUI 2014 Winter 163 TJK 2014 Winter 1 THA 2014 Winter 2 TLS 2014 Winter 1 TOG 2014 Winter 2 TGA 2014 Winter 1 TUR 2014 Winter 6 UKR 2014 Winter 43 USA 2014 Winter 222 UZB 2014 Winter 3 VEN 2014 Winter 1 ISV 2014 Winter 1 ZIM 2014 Winter 1NOCs that participated in 2010, but not in 2014.NOCs that participated in 2014, but not in 2010.15em ALG 2010 Winter COL 2010 Winter ETH 2010 Winter GHA 2010 Winter PRK 2010 Winter SEN 2010 Winter RSA 2010 Winter15em IVB 2014 Winter DMA 2014 Winter TLS 2014 Winter LUX 2014 Winter MLT 2014 Winter PAR 2014 Winter PHI 2014 Winter THA 2014 Winter TOG 2014 Winter TGA 2014 Winter VEN 2014 Winter ISV 2014 Winter ZIM 2014 Winter National houses During the Games some countries had a national house, a meeting place for supporters, athletes and other followers.National Olympic Houses http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowTopic-g298536-i3244-k7094879-National_Olympic_Houses-Sochi_Greater_Sochi_Krasnodar_Krai_Southern_District.html tripadvisor 24 January 2014 3 April 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150403143059/http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/ShowTopic-g298536-i3244-k7094879-National_Olympic_Houses-Sochi_Greater_Sochi_Krasnodar_Krai_Southern_District.html live Houses could be either free for visitors to access or have limited access by invitation only. Nation Location Name WebsiteAUT 2014 WinterMountain ClusterAustria Tirol HouseCAN 2014 WinterOpening Canada House http://olympics.cbc.ca//videos/video/opening-canada-house.html?cid=mrss CBC 6 February 2014 7 February 2014 nl 7 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140207205510/http://olympics.cbc.ca//videos/video/opening-canada-house.html?cid=mrss liveCoastal Cluster (Next to Fisht Olympic Stadium)Canada HouseCHN 2014 WinterChina House opens in Sochi http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-02/07/c_133095731.htm XinHua Net 7 February 2014 10 February 2014 11 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140211015450/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2014-02/07/c_133095731.htm deadZhemchuzhina hotelChina HouseCZE 2014 WinterZeman slavnostně otevřel Český dům a pravil: Budu váš maskot http://sport.lidovky.cz/zeman-slavnostne-otevrel-cesky-dum-a-pravil-budu-vas-maskot-pqv-/olympijske-hry-2014.aspx?c=A140208_115113_ln-sport-oh2014_lso cs Lidové noviny 8 February 2014 8 February 2014 15 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140315034916/http://sport.lidovky.cz/zeman-slavnostne-otevrel-cesky-dum-a-pravil-budu-vas-maskot-pqv-/olympijske-hry-2014.aspx?c=A140208_115113_ln-sport-oh2014_lso liveAdlerCzech HouseFRA 2014 WinterDossier de presse Sotchi 201 http://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/fichiers/File/JO/JO_Sotchi/dossier-de-presse.pdf Esprit Bleu France Olympic 28 January 2014 28 January 2014 fr 3 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140203012913/http://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/fichiers/File/JO/JO_Sotchi/dossier-de-presse.pdf liveGornaya Karusel (Mountain Cluster)Club Francehttp://espritbleu.franceolympique.com/espritbleu/actus/1902-un-club-france-au-coeur-de-lmotion-olympique.htmlGER 2014 Winterhttps://www.dosb.de/de/olympia/olympische-spiele/winterspiele/sotschi-2014/news/detail/news/deutsches_haus_sotschi_2014_in_russlands_bergen/ Deutsches Haus Sotschi 2014 in Russlands Bergen DOSB 25 April 2013 3 February 2014 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140220012003/https://www.dosb.de/de/olympia/olympische-spiele/winterspiele/sotschi-2014/news/detail/news/deutsches_haus_sotschi_2014_in_russlands_bergen/ 20 February 2014 dmy-all Estosadok, Krasnaya Polyana (Mountain Cluster)German Househttp://www.dosb.de/de/olympia/olympische-spiele/winterspiele/sotschi-2014/news/detail/news/deutsches_haus_botschaft_des_deutschen_sports/ITA 2014 Winter5 min fa http://www.gazzetta.it/Sport-Invernali/06-02-2014/sochi-gazzetta-casa-italia-cantieri-optional-sobrieta-8019932704.shtml Sochi, la Gazzetta entra a Casa Italia: tra cantieri, optional e sobrietà – La Gazzetta dello Sport 6 February 2014 Gazzetta.it 8 February 2014 7 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140207220146/http://www.gazzetta.it/Sport-Invernali/06-02-2014/sochi-gazzetta-casa-italia-cantieri-optional-sobrieta-8019932704.shtml live Olympic Park (Coastal Cluster)Italy Househttp://sochi2014.coni.it/it/home/casa-italia.htmlJPN 2014 WinterOlympic Park (Coastal Cluster)Japan HouseLAT 2014 Winterlsm.lv http://www.lsm.lv/lv/raksts/sochi-2014/sports/linda-leen-nozog-hokejistu-sirdis.a77055 Linda Leen nozog hokejistu sirdis 10 February 2014 22 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140222054716/http://www.lsm.lv/lv/raksts/sochi-2014/sports/linda-leen-nozog-hokejistu-sirdis.a77055 live Radisson HotelLatvian HouseNED 2014 WinterHolland Heineken House dichter bij olympiërs dan ooit http://www.nusport.nl/sotsji-nieuws/3673697/holland-heineken-house-dichter-bij-olympiers-dan-ooit.html nusport.nl 13 January 2014 24 January 2014 nl 27 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140127192104/http://www.nusport.nl/sotsji-nieuws/3673697/holland-heineken-house-dichter-bij-olympiers-dan-ooit.html liveAzimut Hotel Resort (near Coastal Cluster)Holland Heineken Househttp://www.hollandheinekenhouse.nl/RUS 2014 WinterOlympic Parc; Hospitality Houses http://www.sochi2014.com/en/spectators-olympic-park sochi2014.com 24 January 2014 22 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140122021911/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/spectators-olympic-park liveOlympic Park (Coastal Cluster)Russia HouseSVK 2014 Winterhttp://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/52795/2/slovak_athletes_set_for_sochi.html Slovak athletes set for Sochi The Slovak Spectator 3 February 2014 7 February 2014 22 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140222035348/http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/52795/2/slovak_athletes_set_for_sochi.html live Sochi railway stationSlovak PointKOR 2014 Winterko:대한체육회, 소치에 코리아하우스 오픈 http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/article/ArticlePhoto/YIBW_showArticlePhotoPopup.aspx?contents_id=PYH20140206126800007&from=search Korean Olympic Committee, open the Korea House in Sochi Yonhap News ko 6 February 2014 24 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140301193537/http://app.yonhapnews.co.kr/YNA/Basic/article/ArticlePhoto/YIBW_showArticlePhotoPopup.aspx?contents_id=PYH20140206126800007&from=search 1 March 2014 dead nlOlympic Park (Coastal Cluster)Korea HouseSUI 2014 WinterOlympic Park (Coastal Cluster)House of Switzerlandhttp://www.houseofswitzerland.org/USA 2014 WinterUSOC plans USA House sites in Sochi, at home http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/10/21/Olympics/USA-House.aspx sportsbusinessdaily.com 21 October 2013 24 January 2014 26 December 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131226030459/http://www.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Journal/Issues/2013/10/21/Olympics/USA-House.aspx liveOlympic Park (Coastal Cluster)USA Househttp://www.teamusa.org/Road-to-Sochi-2014/ Sports The 2014 Winter Olympics featured 98 medal events over 15 disciplines in 7 sports. A total of twelve new events were contested, making it the largest Winter Olympics to date.http://www.olympic.org/news/what-s-new-for-sochi/218742 Discover the twelve new winter sports events for Sochi 2014! International Olympic Committee 18 December 2013 4 February 2014 10 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140410020422/http://www.olympic.org/news/what-s-new-for-sochi/218742 live Biathlon Biathlon 11 Bobsleigh Bobsleigh 3 Skeleton 2 Curling Curling 2 Ice hockey Ice hockey 2 Luge Luge 4 Skating Figure skating 5 Short track speed skating 8 Speed skating 12 Skiing Alpine skiing 10 Cross-country skiing 12 Freestyle skiing 10 Nordic combined 3 Ski jumping 4 Snowboarding 10 Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline. New events thumb|Postage stamps of Transnistria, Sochi Olympic Games (2014) On 6 April 2011, the IOC accepted a number of events that were submitted by their respective sports federations to be considered for inclusion into the official program of these Olympic Games.https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/winter-sports/12986716 Women's ski jumping gets 2014 Sochi Olympics go-ahead Bbc.co.uk 6 April 2011 19 February 2014 14 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140414043455/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/winter-sports/12986716 live The events included a Figure skating team event, Women's ski jumping, Mixed relay biathlon, Ski half-pipe, and Team relay luge. On 4 July 2011, the IOC announced that three events would be added to the program.Thompson Anna https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/winter-sports/14027838 Slopestyle given Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics go-ahead Bbc.co.uk 5 July 2011 19 February 2014 11 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140411084503/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/winter-sports/14027838 live These events, which were officially declared by Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge on 4 July 2011, were: Ski slopestyle, Snowboard slopestyle, Snowboard parallel special slalom.July 4, 2011 Slopestyle Approved For Sochi 2014 http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135778.html https://web.archive.org/web/20110904041143/http://www.gamesbids.com/eng/other_news/1216135778.html September 4, 2011 Team alpine skiing was also presented as a candidate for inclusion in the Olympic program but the executive board of the IOC rejected this proposal. The International Ski Federation persisted with the nomination and this was considered.http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/news/pressreleases/press-releases-2010/fis-congress-2010-decisi.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120224214045/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/news/pressreleases/press-releases-2010/fis-congress-2010-decisi.html dead 24 February 2012 Decisions of the 47th International Ski Congress in Antalya (TUR) FIS-Ski 23 March 2011 There were reports of bandy possibly being added to the sports program,http://infox.ru/sport/hockey/2010/06/04/FHR_nye_pomozhyet_by.phtml Russian ice hockey will be skating in Sochi AktivMedia Infox.ru 7 June 2010 23 March 2011 8 December 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101208043626/http://infox.ru/sport/hockey/2010/06/04/FHR_nye_pomozhyet_by.phtml livehttps://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/sports/olympics/29bandy.html?pagewanted=all It's Not Hockey, It's Bandy The New York Times 29 January 2010 23 February 2017 6 October 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171006162757/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/29/sports/olympics/29bandy.html?pagewanted=all live Klein Jeff Z.http://www.eastbourneherald.co.uk/news/comment/no-time-to-relax-the-show-must-go-on-again-1-1432453 No time to relax! The show must go on...again! Eastbourne Herald 10 March 2010 June 6, 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20131204202129/http://www.eastbourneherald.co.uk/news/columnists/no-time-to-relax-the-show-must-go-on-again-1-1432453 December 4, 2013 but the IOC rejected this request. Subsequently, the international governing body, Federation of International Bandy, decided that Irkutsk and Shelekhov in Russia would host the 2014 Bandy World Championship just before the Olympics. On 28 November 2006, the executive board of the IOC decided not to include ski mountaineering,http://themountainworld.blogspot.com/2006/12/no-olympics-for-ski-mountaineering.html No Olympics for Ski Mountaineering 12 December 2006 2 April 2012 The Mountain World 26 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140226142947/http://themountainworld.blogspot.com/2006/12/no-olympics-for-ski-mountaineering.html live ski-orienteering,http://orienteering.org/no-inclusion-of-ski-orienteering-in-the-ioc-review-process-for-2014/ No inclusion of ski orienteering in the IOC review process for 2014 2 April 2012 International Orienteering Federation https://web.archive.org/web/20120920092843/http://orienteering.org/no-inclusion-of-ski-orienteering-in-the-ioc-review-process-for-2014/ 20 September 2012 dead or winter triathlon in the review process of the program.Olympic Programme Updates 28 November 2006 http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=1972 International Olympic Committee Olympic.org 20 August 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20080915063849/http://www.olympic.org/uk/news/olympic_news/full_story_uk.asp?id=1972 15 September 2008 live dmy Closing ceremony 2014 Winter Olympics closing ceremony The closing ceremony was held on 23 February 2014 between 20:14 MSK (UTC+4) and 22:25 MSK (UTC+4) at the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi.http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-sochi-2014-closing-ceremony-unites-olympic-generations Sochi 2014 Closing Ceremony Unites Olympic Generations Sochi 2014 23 February 2014 24 February 2014 24 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140224194445/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/news-sochi-2014-closing-ceremony-unites-olympic-generations live The ceremony was dedicated to Russian culture featuring world-renowned Russian stars like conductor and violinist Yuri Bashmet, conductor Valery Gergiev, pianist Denis Matsuev, singer Hibla Gerzmava and violinist Tatiana Samouil. These artists were joined by performers from the Bolshoi and Mariinsky theaters. Medals thumb|250px|Medals of the 2014 Winter Olympics List of 2014 Winter Olympics medal winners Sochi's medal design was unveiled in May 2013. The design is intended to resemble Sochi's landscape, with a semi-translucent section containing a "patchwork quilt" of diamonds representing mountains; the diamonds themselves contain designs that reflect Russia's regions.Sochi 2014 Unveils Olympic Medals http://www.olympic.org/news/sochi-2014-unveils-olympic-medals/199839 Olympic.org 4 February 2014 3 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140203214302/http://www.olympic.org/news/sochi-2014-unveils-olympic-medals/199839 live Those who won gold medals on 15 February received special medals with fragments of the Chelyabinsk meteor, marking the first anniversary of the event where pieces of the cosmic body fell into the Chebarkul Lake in the Ural Mountains in central Russia. Winners at Sochi Winter Olympics to receive pieces of Russia meteorite 26 July 2013 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10203817/Winners-at-Sochi-Winter-Olympics-to-receive-pieces-of-Russia-meteorite.html The Telegraph 28 July 2013 London 28 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130728121646/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10203817/Winners-at-Sochi-Winter-Olympics-to-receive-pieces-of-Russia-meteorite.html live Medal table 2014 Winter Olympics medal table The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below. The host nation, Russia, is highlighted. ‡ = Post-competition changes in medal standings (totals after changes) Podium sweeps +DateSportEventNOCGoldSilverBronze8 FebruarySpeed skatingMen's 5000 metresNED 2014 WinterSven KramerJan BlokhuijsenJorrit Bergsma10 FebruarySpeed skatingMen's 500 metresNED 2014 WinterMichel MulderJan SmeekensRonald Mulder13 FebruaryFreestyle skiingMen's slopestyleUSA 2014 WinterJoss ChristensenGus KenworthyNick Goepper16 FebruarySpeed skatingWomen's 1500 metresNED 2014 WinterJorien ter MorsIreen WüstLotte van Beek18 FebruarySpeed skatingMen's 10000 metresNED 2014 WinterJorrit BergsmaSven KramerBob de Jong20 FebruaryFreestyle skiingMen's ski crossFRA 2014 WinterJean-Frédéric ChapuisArnaud BovolentaJonathan Midol22 FebruaryCross-country skiingWomen's 30 kilometre freestyleNOR 2014 WinterMarit BjørgenTherese JohaugKristin Størmer Steira23 FebruaryCross-country skiingMen's 50 kilometre freestyleRUS 2014 WinterAlexander Legkova aMaxim Vylegzhanina aIlia Chernousov a a Legkov and Vylegzhanin were initially disqualified by the IOC for doping offenses in November 2017, and their 2014 Olympic medals (gold and silver respectively) were stripped. However, their results were restored on 1 February 2018 following a successful appeal. Calendar Chronological summary of the 2014 Winter Olympics Calendar Security Measures Security during both the Olympics and Paralympics were handled by over 40,000 law enforcement officials, including police and the Russian Armed Forces.http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131030/184432800.html Russian Police to Speak 3 Languages at Sochi Olympics – Ministry RIA Novosti 6 December 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131210021753/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131030/184432800.html 10 December 2013 http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20130930/183866130/Russian-Military-to-Ensure-Security-at-2014-Olympics.html Russian Military to Ensure Security at 2014 Olympics 30 September 2013 RIA Novosti 6 December 2013 10 December 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131210021320/http://en.ria.ru/military_news/20130930/183866130/Russian-Military-to-Ensure-Security-at-2014-Olympics.html live A presidential decree signed by President Vladimir Putin took effect on 7 January, requiring that any protests and demonstrations in Sochi and the surrounding area through 21 March (the end of the Paralympics) be approved by the Federal Security Service.http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131206/185305332/Sochi-Olympic-Protests-to-Require-Approval-from-Russias-Security.html Sochi Olympic Protests to Require Approval from Russia's Security Service RIA Novosti 6 December 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131210023449/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20131206/185305332/Sochi-Olympic-Protests-to-Require-Approval-from-Russias-Security.html 10 December 2013 For the duration of the decree, travel restrictions were also in effect in and around Sochi: "controlled" zones, dubbed the "ring of steel" by the media, covered the Coastal and Mountain clusters which encompass all of the Games' venues and infrastructure, including transport hubs such as railway stations. To enter controlled areas, visitors were required to pass through security checkpoints with X-ray machines, metal detectors and explosive material scanners.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10613022/Sochi-Olympic-organisers-face-accommodation-crisis.html Sochi Olympic organisers face accommodation crisis The Daily Telegraph 2 February 2014 2 February 2014 London Roland Oliphant Jack Lundy 3 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140203144910/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10613022/Sochi-Olympic-organisers-face-accommodation-crisis.html live Several areas were designated as "forbidden", including Sochi National Park and the border with Abkhazia.The shambles behind the scenes at Sochi https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10618744/The-shambles-behind-the-scenes-at-Sochi.html The Daily Telegraph 5 February 2014 London Roland Oliphant 5 February 2014 5 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140205225130/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/10618744/The-shambles-behind-the-scenes-at-Sochi.html live An unmanned aerial vehicle squadron, along with S-400 and Pantsir-S1 air defense rockets were used to protect Olympic airspace. Four gunboats were also deployed on the Black Sea to protect the coastline.http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1630 Russia takes unprecedented security measures ahead of Sochi Olympics ITAR TASS 11 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140111210701/http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1630 11 January 2014 dead A number of security organisations and forces began stationing in and around Sochi in January 2014; Russia's Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM) was stationed in Sochi for the Games beginning on 7 January 2014.http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/713964 Space monitoring systems of emergency situations deployed in Sochi ITAR TASS 9 January 2014 9 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140109104001/http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/713964 livehttp://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/716490 Russian emergencies minister praises Sochi security system ITAR TASS 27 January 2014 27 January 2014 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140204055623/http://en.itar-tass.com/sochi-2014-winter-olympics/716490 4 February 2014 A group of 10,000 Internal Troops of the Ministry of Interior also provided security services during the Games.http://rbth.co.uk/news/2014/01/15/internal_troops_to_provide_security_at_sochi_olympics_33250.html Internal Troops to provide security at Sochi Olympics Russia Beyond the Headlines 15 January 2014 16 January 2014 12 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140212005305/http://rbth.co.uk/news/2014/01/15/internal_troops_to_provide_security_at_sochi_olympics_33250.html live In mid-January, 1,500 Siberian Regional Command troops were stationed in a military town near Krasnaya Polyana.http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/siberia-joins-national-effort-to-make-the-sochi-olympics-safe-and-successful/ Siberia joins national effort to make the Sochi Olympics safe and successful Siberia Times 16 January 2014 16 January 2014 18 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140118061230/http://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/siberia-joins-national-effort-to-make-the-sochi-olympics-safe-and-successful/ live A group of 400 Cossacks in traditional uniforms were also present to accompany police patrols.http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140109/186366774/Sochi-Drafts-In-Cossacks-for-Olympic-Security.html Sochi Drafts In Cossacks for Olympic Security 9 January 2014 RIA Novosti 9 January 2014 9 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140109225002/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140109/186366774/Sochi-Drafts-In-Cossacks-for-Olympic-Security.html livehttp://en.ria.ru/russia/20130719/182323209/Some-300-Cossacks-to-Help-Police-Sochi-Olympics.html Some 300 Cossacks to Help Police Sochi Olympics 19 July 2013 RIA Novosti 9 January 2014 9 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140109222923/http://en.ria.ru/russia/20130719/182323209/Some-300-Cossacks-to-Help-Police-Sochi-Olympics.html live The 58th Army unit of the Russian Armed Forces were defending the Georgia–Russia border.http://www.themoscowtimes.com/sochi2014/Olympic-Teams-Prepare-for-Possible-Security-Crisis-in-Sochi.html Olympic Teams Prepare for Possible Security Crisis in Sochi The Moscow Times 22 January 2014 23 January 2014 23 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140123043543/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/sochi2014/Olympic-Teams-Prepare-for-Possible-Security-Crisis-in-Sochi.html live The United States also supplied Navy ships and other assets for security purposes.https://www.foxnews.com/politics/obama-offers-us-security-assistance-to-putin-as-olympic-terror-fears-mount/ Obama offers US security assistance to Putin as Olympic terror fears mount Fox News 22 January 2014 4 February 2014 10 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140210013827/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/01/22/olympic-fears-mount-despite-putin-assurances/ live All communication and Internet traffic by Sochi residents was captured and filtered through deep packet inspection systems at all mobile networks using the SORM system.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/sochi-olympic-venues-kremlin-surveillance As Sochi Olympic venues are built, so are Kremlin's surveillance networks 6 October 2013 The Guardian 13 December 2016 29 November 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161129190553/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/sochi-olympic-venues-kremlin-surveillance livehttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/russia-monitor-communications-sochi-winter-olympics Russia to monitor 'all communications' at Winter Olympics in Sochi Walker Shaun 6 October 2013 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 14 April 2016 13 April 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160413223031/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/06/russia-monitor-communications-sochi-winter-olympics live Former professional speed skater and current deputy of the Russian State Duma Svetlana Zhurova has stated that the 2014 Sochi Olympics were Vladimir Putin's personal project to showcase Russia to the world.https://sportfm.ru/news/zhurova-olimpiada-v-sochi-eto-proekt-putina.html Журова: Олимпиада в Сочи - это проект Путина - Спорт FM 24 December 2017 24 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171224214309/https://sportfm.ru/news/zhurova-olimpiada-v-sochi-eto-proekt-putina.html live Incidents and threats Organisers received several threats prior to the Games. In a July 2013 video release, Chechen Islamist commander Dokka Umarov called for attacks on the Games, stating that the Games were being staged "on the bones of many, many Muslims killed ... and buried on our lands extending to the Red Sea".Caucasus Emirate Leader Calls On Insurgents To Thwart Sochi Winter Olympics https://www.rferl.org/a/sochi-olympics-terrorism-umarov/25035408.html Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 3 July 2013 13 February 2014 30 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140130071614/http://www.rferl.org/content/sochi-olympics-terrorism-umarov/25035408.html live Threats were received from the group Vilayat Dagestan, which had claimed responsibility for the Volgograd bombings under the demands of Umarov, and a number of National Olympic Committees had also received threats via e-mail, threatening that terrorists would kidnap or "blow up" athletes during the Games. However, while the IOC did state that the letters "[contained] no threat and appears to be a random message from a member of the public", the U.S. ski and snowboarding teams hired a private security agency to provide additional protection during the Games.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/winter-olympics/10590826/Winter-Olympics-2014-email-threat-to-blow-up-athletes-at-Sochi-Games-dismissed-by-IOC.html Winter Olympics 2014: email threat to 'blow up' athletes at Sochi Games dismissed by IOC The Telegraph 22 January 2014 30 January 2014 London Ben Rumsby 29 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140129002113/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/winter-olympics/10590826/Winter-Olympics-2014-email-threat-to-blow-up-athletes-at-Sochi-Games-dismissed-by-IOC.html livehttp://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140122/186809712.html European Olympic Committees Report Sochi Terror Threats En.ria.ru 22 January 2014 7 February 2014 7 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140207225822/http://en.ria.ru/sochi2014/20140122/186809712.html live Media Broadcasting rights List of 2014 Winter Olympics broadcasters In most regions, broadcast rights to the 2014 Winter Olympics were packaged together with broadcast rights for the 2016 Summer Olympics, but some broadcasters obtained rights to further games as well. Domestic broadcast rights were sold by Sportfive to a consortium of three Russian broadcasters: Channel One, VGTRK, and NTV Plus.Love Tom Sportfive concludes Olympic agreement in Russia http://sportspromedia.com/news/sportfive_concludes_olympic_agreement_in_russia/ 4 September 2012 SportsPro 3 September 2012 2 June 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160602124206/http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/sportfive_concludes_olympic_agreement_in_russia live In the United States, the 2014 Winter Olympics were the first in a new, US$4.38 billion contract with NBCUniversal, extending its broadcast rights to the Olympic Games through 2020.Lazarus: We Believe Sochi Olympics Will Be Profitable http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/491704-Lazarus_We_Believe_Sochi_Olympics_Will_Be_Profitable.php Broadcasting & Cable 13 August 2013 5 October 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131005001110/http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/491704-Lazarus_We_Believe_Sochi_Olympics_Will_Be_Profitable.php live In Canada, after losing the 2010 and 2012 Games to Bell Media and Rogers Media, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation re-gained broadcast rights to the Olympics for the first time since 2008, gaining rights to the 2014 and 2016 Games. Bell and Rogers sub-licensed pay-TV rights for their TSN, Sportsnet and Réseau des sports networks, as well as TVA Group's TVA Sports.Sportsnet to air 200 hours of Sochi Games http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/2013/02/07/sportsnet_reaches_olympic_sub_license_deal/ Sportsnet 8 February 2013 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130213143302/http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/2013/02/07/sportsnet_reaches_olympic_sub_license_deal/ 13 February 2013 dmy-allCBC/Radio Canada welcomes partners in 2014 Sochi Olympics coverage https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.723/cbc-radio-canada-welcomes-partners-in-2014-sochi-olympics-coverage-1.1411840 CBC 8 February 2013 10 February 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130210053524/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/story/2013/02/07/sp-cbc-sports-sochi-olympics-tv-coverage.html liveCBC/Radio-Canada seals agreement with TVA Sports for the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1157471/cbc-radio-canada-seals-agreement-with-tva-sports-for-the-sochi-2014-olympic-winter-games 3 May 2013 Canada Newswire 2 May 2013 25 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130525124723/http://www.newswire.ca/en/story/1157471/cbc-radio-canada-seals-agreement-with-tva-sports-for-the-sochi-2014-olympic-winter-games liveCBC wins rights to 2014, 2016 Olympic Games https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-wins-rights-to-2014-2016-olympic-games-1.1170919 CBC Sports 1 August 2012 3 August 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120803132739/http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2012/08/01/cbc-olympics-rights.html live In Australia, after all three major commercial networks pulled out of bidding on rights to both the 2014 and 2016 Games due to cost concerns, the IOC awarded broadcast rights to just the 2014 Winter Olympics to Network Ten for A$20 million.Olympic fury over rules for TV sport https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/media/olympic-fury-over-rules-for-tv-sport/news-story/027e6c6c8314110ceacc9e8c3f5d2d4b 13 August 2013 The Australian 7 April 2012 14 March 2014 subscription https://web.archive.org/web/20140314081133/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/media/olympic-fury-over-rules-for-tv-sport/story-e6frg996-1226320796182 liveSeven withdraws from bidding for Olympics as price tag proves too great for TV networks http://www.foxsports.com.au/other-sports/seven-withdraws-from-bidding-for-olympics-as-price-tag-proves-too-great-for-tv-networks/story-e6frf56c-1226614918163#.UgooyX_4Xmt 13 August 2013 Fox Sports 8 April 2013 8 October 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131008152220/http://www.foxsports.com.au/other-sports/seven-withdraws-from-bidding-for-olympics-as-price-tag-proves-too-great-for-tv-networks/story-e6frf56c-1226614918163#.UgooyX_4Xmt liveMacKay Duncan Ten Network signs $20 million deal to broadcast Sochi 2014 in Australia, claim reports http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/1014188-ten-network-sign-20-million-deal-to-broadcast-sochi-2014-in-australia-claim-reports 13 August 2013 Inside the Games 12 May 2013 4 October 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222342/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/1014188-ten-network-sign-20-million-deal-to-broadcast-sochi-2014-in-australia-claim-reports live Filming Several broadcasters used the Games to trial the emerging ultra high definition television (UHDTV) standard. Both NTV Plus and Comcast filmed portions of the Games in 4K resolution; Comcast offered its content through smart TV apps, while NTV+ held public and cinema viewings of the content. NHK filmed portions of the Games in 8K resolution for public viewing. Olympic sponsor Panasonic filmed the opening ceremony in 4K.Comcast to Produce Olympics 2014 in Ultra HD https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/comcast-produce-olympics-2014-ultra-668955 The Hollywood Reporter 27 January 2014 Adrian Pennington 24 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140124215249/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/comcast-produce-olympics-2014-ultra-668955 liveStout Andy 16 September 2013 Russia to transmit 4K from Sochi https://www.tvbeurope.com/ibc/russia-to-transmit-4k-from-sochi TVBEurope NewBay Media 27 January 2014 http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1591 Putin cancels New Year holidays for officials responsible for Winter Games ITAR-TASS 30 November 2013 3 December 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014534/http://en.itar-tass.com/opinions/1591 livePennington Adrian http://www.streamingmediaglobal.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=94593&PageNum=2 Sochi Games to Set Record for Live and VOD Streaming Streaming Media Europe 4 February 2014 8 February 2014 22 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140222175503/http://www.streamingmediaglobal.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=94593&PageNum=2 live Concerns and controversies Concerns and controversies at the 2014 Winter Olympics A variety of concerns over the Games, or Russia's hosting of the Games, had been expressed by various entities. Concerns were shown over Russia's policies surrounding the LGBT community, including the government's denial of a proposed Pride House for the Games on moral grounds, and a federal law passed in June 2013 which criminalised the distribution of "propaganda of non-traditional sexual relationships" among minors.Judge bans Sochi 2014 gay Pride House claiming it would offend 'public morality' http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/16259-judge-bans-winter-olympics-gay-pride-house Inside the Games 18 March 2012 12 February 2014 11 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140211222053/http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/winter-olympics/2014/16259-judge-bans-winter-olympics-gay-pride-house live Gold David Johnson Ted Russia's Anti-Gay Laws Present Challenge for NBC's Olympics Coverage https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/russia-7-1200567694/ 25 July 2013 Variety 24 July 2013 26 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130726171019/http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/russia-7-1200567694/ liveFierstein Harvey Russia's Anti-Gay Crackdown https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/opinion/russias-anti-gay-crackdown.html?_r=0 25 July 2013 The New York Times 21 July 2013 25 July 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130725165740/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/22/opinion/russias-anti-gay-crackdown.html?_r=0 liveGays in Russia Find No Haven, Despite Support From the West https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/12/world/europe/gays-in-russia-find-no-haven-despite-support-from-the-west.html The New York Times 10 February 2014 David M. Herszenhorn 11 August 2013 4 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140304193056/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/12/world/europe/gays-in-russia-find-no-haven-despite-support-from-the-west.html liveSkybenko Ella Companies can help advance human rights; Sochi shows they rarely use it https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sochi-winter-olympics-sponsor-companies-human-rights 8 February 2014 The Guardian 7 February 2014 7 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140207210349/http://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/sochi-winter-olympics-sponsor-companies-human-rights live Severe cost overruns made the 2014 Winter Olympics the most expensive Olympics in history, with Russian politician Boris Nemtsov citing allegations of corruption among government officials,Bennetts Marc https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/10581829/Sochi-Olympics-Nothing-but-a-monstrous-scam-says-Kremlin-critic.html Winter Olympics 2014: Sochi Games 'nothing but a monstrous scam', says Kremlin critic Boris Nemtsov Telegraph 19 January 2014 4 February 2014 London 24 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140124122617/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/10581829/Sochi-Olympics-Nothing-but-a-monstrous-scam-says-Kremlin-critic.html live and Allison Stewart of the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford citing tight relationships between the government and construction firms.https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21581764-most-expensive-olympic-games-history-offer-rich-pickings-select-few-castles The Sochi Olympics: Castles in the sand The Economist 13 July 2013 8 August 2013 9 August 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130809153715/http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21581764-most-expensive-olympic-games-history-offer-rich-pickings-select-few-castles live It was reported that Putin's annexation of Crimea may have been intended to distract local Russians from corruption stories related to the Games.March 26, 2014 Crimea: Putin's Olympic diversion The Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/26/crimea-putins-olympic-diversion/ https://web.archive.org/web/20210116202409/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/03/26/crimea-putins-olympic-diversion/ January 16, 2021Fernholz Tim February 9, 2018 Maybe this year Russia won't start a war during the Olympics https://qz.com/1203504/2018-winter-olympics-russia-probably-wont-start-a-war-during-this-years-olympics/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032024/https://qz.com/1203504/2018-winter-olympics-russia-probably-wont-start-a-war-during-this-years-olympics/ April 14, 2021 Quartz en Media coverage American broadcaster NBC largely avoided broadcasting material critical of Russia, although several segments deemed "overly friendly to Russia" were criticised by some commentators.Farhi Paul 21 February 2014 In coverage of Olympics, NBC has largely steered clear of controversy The New York Times https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/olympics/in-coverage-of-olympics-nbc-has-largely-steered-clear-of-controversy/2014/02/21/5e68a088-99aa-11e3-80ac-63a8ba7f7942_story.html live 25 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140225032004/http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/olympics/in-coverage-of-olympics-nbc-has-largely-steered-clear-of-controversy/2014/02/21/5e68a088-99aa-11e3-80ac-63a8ba7f7942_story.html 25 February 2014 Following the closing ceremony, commentators evaluated the Games to have been successful overall.Sappenfield Mark 24 February 2014 Sochi Olympics report card: So how good were Putin's Games? The Christian Science Monitor https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2014/0224/Sochi-Olympics-report-card-So-how-good-were-Putin-s-Games-video live 25 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140224215834/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Olympics/2014/0224/Sochi-Olympics-report-card-So-how-good-were-Putin-s-Games-video 24 February 2014Grohmann Karolos 23 February 2014 'Excellent' Sochi Games proved critics wrong, says IOC's Bach Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/olympics-sochi-bach-idINDEEA1M08W20140223 live 25 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141104170742/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/02/23/olympics-sochi-bach-idINDEEA1M08W20140223 4 November 2014 Circassian genocide thumb|Circassians in Turkey commemorate the Circassian genocide in Taksim, Istanbul Some Circassian organisations objected to the Games being held on land their ancestors held until 1864,Jaimoukha Amjad Ancient Circassian Cultures and Nations in the First Millennium BCE The Circassians: A Handbook 42–45 2001 Routledgehttps://www.britannica.com/topic/Circassian Circassian Encyclopædia Britannica From ancient times Circassia, comprising roughly the northwestern region of the Caucasus, acquired the exotic reputation common to lands occupying a crucial area between rival empires... August 7, 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250729061540/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Circassian July 29, 2025 when most of them were displaced at the end of the Russian-Circassian War (1763–1864), in the Circassian genocide.https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS104971+22-May-2009+PRN20090522 145th Anniversary of the Circassian Genocide and the Sochi Olympics Issue 22 May 2009 Reuters 28 November 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120702174523/https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/22/idUS104971%2B22-May-2009%2BPRN20090522 2 July 2012 dmy-allhttps://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/21/world/europe/21georgia.html Georgia Says Russia Committed Genocide in 19th Century Ellen Barry 20 May 2011 The New York Times 23 February 2017 14 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170314221518/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/21/world/europe/21georgia.html live The use of Krasnaya Polyana ("Red Hill" or "Red Glade") as an event site was considered insensitive, as it was named for a group of Circassians who were defeated in a bloody battle with Russians while attempting to return home over it in 1864.9 February 2010 Andrea Alexander North Jersey Circassians 'in exile' launch Olympic protest http://www.northjersey.com/news/state/North_Jersey_Circassians_in_exile_launch_Olympic_protest.html?c=y&page=1 The Record 13 February 2014 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140221155528/http://www.northjersey.com/news/state/North_Jersey_Circassians_in_exile_launch_Olympic_protest.html?c=y&page=1 21 February 2014 6 February 2014 Gabriele Barbati Circassians Protest Winter Olympics Being Held At Sochi Genocide Site International Business Times http://www.ibtimes.com/circassians-protest-winter-olympics-being-held-sochi-genocide-site-1553582 10 February 2014 16 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140216183938/http://www.ibtimes.com/circassians-protest-winter-olympics-being-held-sochi-genocide-site-1553582 live Some Circassian groups demanded that the Games be cancelled or moved unless Russia apologised for their actions. https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL9255154 Reuters Olympics-IOC says Russia-Georgia conflict 'a sad reality' 9 August 2008 6 October 2017 17 September 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200917131803/https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL9255154 live Other groups did not outright object to the Games, but suggested that symbols of Circassian history and culture be incorporated into the Games, as Australia, the United States and Canada did for their indigenous cultures in 2000, 2002, and 2010 respectively.Azamat Bram. "Circassians Voice Olympian Anger". https://web.archive.org/web/20160108124552/https://iwpr.net/?p=crs&s=f&o=339641&apc_state=henpcrs 8 January 2016 . Institute for War and Peace Reporting Caucasus Reporting Service No. 413, 5 October 2007. Retrieved on 2 April 2010. Russian doping scandal Doping in Russia McLaren Report Russia at the 2014 Winter Olympics Following the Games, reports began to emerge that the Russian Olympic team had participated in a state-run doping program, which supplied their athletes with performance-enhancing drugs. These allegations first emerged in a December 2014 documentary by German public broadcaster ARD,Olterman Philip Russia accused of athletics doping cover-up on German TV https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/03/russia-accused-athletics-doping-cover-up-olympics 9 November 2015 Guardian 3 December 2014 7 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151107212022/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2014/dec/03/russia-accused-athletics-doping-cover-up-olympics live and were detailed further in a May 2016 report by The New York Times—which published allegations by Dr. Grigory Rodchenkov, the former director of Russia's anti-doping laboratory. Rodchenkov alleged that a conspiracy of corrupt anti-doping officials, FSB intelligence agents, and compliant Russian athletes used banned substances to gain an unfair advantage during the Games. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html Russian Insider Says State-Run Doping Fueled Olympic Gold Rebecca R. Ruiz Michael Schwirtz The New York Times 12 May 2016 23 February 2017 30 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171230032229/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html live Mystery in Sochi Doping Case Lies With Tamper-Proof Bottle Rebecca R. Ruiz Michael Schwirtz The New York Times 13 May 2016 https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html?_r=0 14 May 2016 17 May 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160517132147/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/sports/russia-doping-sochi-olympics-2014.html?_r=0 live Rodchenkov stated that the FSB tampered with over 100 urine samples as part of a cover-up, and that at least fifteen of the Russian medals won in Sochi were the result of doping. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/01/wada-world-anti-doping-russia-olympics-games-sochi-david-howman New doping report will influence decision on Russia's place at Olympics Owen Gibson The Guardian 1 June 2016 6 July 2016 4 November 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161104180102/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/01/wada-world-anti-doping-russia-olympics-games-sochi-david-howman live Russian athletics: IAAF upholds ban before Rio Olympics https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/17/russia-rio-olympics-ban-doping-iaaf-sebastian-coe The Guardian 17 June 2016 21 July 2016 12 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160712032130/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/jun/17/russia-rio-olympics-ban-doping-iaaf-sebastian-coe live The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) commissioned an independent report by Richard McLaren, which corroborated claims that Russian authorities had been discreetly swapping out urine samples that tested positive for performance-enhancing substances. The report concluded that the program had been operating from "at least late 2011 to August 2015", and had covered up 643 positive samples across Olympic and non-Olympic sports.http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17100024 Takeaways from McLaren report? Confusion, corruption, cynicism 18 July 2016 ESPN.com en 3 October 2018 3 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181003062002/http://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/17100024 live https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/sports/olympics/russia-doping.html?_r=0 Russians No Longer Dispute Olympic Doping Operation Rebecca R. Ruiz The New York Times 27 December 2016 23 February 2017 31 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161231063547/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/27/sports/olympics/russia-doping.html?_r=0 live https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/doping-control-process/mclaren-independent-investigations-report-into-sochi-allegations McLaren Independent Investigations Report into Sochi Allegations 18 July 2016 WADA 3 October 2018 23 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160723002111/https://www.wada-ama.org/en/resources/doping-control-process/mclaren-independent-investigations-report-into-sochi-allegations live As a result, WADA considered the Russian Anti-Doping Agency to be non-compliant with the World Anti-Doping Code, and recommended that Russia be banned from competing in the 2016 Summer Olympics.https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2016-07/wada-statement-independent-investigation-confirms-russian-state-manipulation-of WADA Statement: Independent Investigation confirms Russian State manipulation of the doping control process 18 July 2016 WADA 3 October 2018 3 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171203122912/https://www.wada-ama.org/en/media/news/2016-07/wada-statement-independent-investigation-confirms-russian-state-manipulation-of live Russia was not banned from the 2016 Olympics by the IOC, a decision that was widely criticised by both athleteshttps://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36879353 Rio Olympics 2016: Wada criticises IOC for failing to ban Russian team BBC Sport 1 August 2016 5 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160805002938/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36879353 livehttp://www.thespec.com/sports-story/6781079-canadian-athletes-critical-of-ioc-decision/ Canadian athletes critical of IOC decision 24 July 2016 The Hamilton Spectator 1 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20170829032908/https://www.thespec.com/sports-story/6781079-canadian-athletes-critical-of-ioc-decision/ 29 August 2017 deadhttps://sports.yahoo.com/news/british-olympians-slam-spineless-ioc-over-russia-112117699--oly.html British Olympians slam 'spineless IOC' over Russia Yahoo! Sports 1 August 2016 28 August 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170828193716/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/british-olympians-slam-spineless-ioc-over-russia-112117699--oly.html live and writers;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/olympics/2016/07/24/international-olympic-committees-dereliction-of-duty-over-russia/ International Olympic Committee's dereliction of duty over Russia weakens bond between spectator and spectacle The Daily Telegraph 24 July 2016 1 August 2016 27 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160727092455/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/olympics/2016/07/24/international-olympic-committees-dereliction-of-duty-over-russia/ live Hayward Paulhttps://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/jul/24/ioc-chaos-russia-olympics-rio-2016-doping IOC chooses obfuscation and chaos on Russia competing at Olympics 24 July 2016 The Guardian en-GB 0261-3077 1 August 2016 13 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160813193521/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2016/jul/24/ioc-chaos-russia-olympics-rio-2016-doping livehttps://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/sports/olympics/russia-doping-ioc-president-thomas-bach.html Russia Decision Muddies Legacy of I.O.C. President Thomas Bach Macur Juliet 25 July 2016 The New York Times 0362-4331 1 August 2016 31 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160731034200/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/26/sports/olympics/russia-doping-ioc-president-thomas-bach.html live the IOC only required Russia's athletes to be cleared by an internal panel and their respective sports federations. https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36970627 Rio 2016: 270 Russians cleared to compete at Olympic Games BBC Sport https://web.archive.org/web/20160804174234/http://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/36970627 4 August 2016 4 August 2016 The IAAF had suspended Russia from international track and field events due to the scandal, but did allow Darya Klishina to participate in the Olympics because she was confirmed not to be a part of a doping program, despite claims that surfaced in her appeal that a sample of Klishina's that had been collected on 26 February 2014 had yielded an illegal testosterone/epitestosterone ratio of 8.5 had been subject to a "SAVE" order by the Ministry of Sport on 3 March 2014.https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/OG%2016-024.pdf#search=klishina Arbitration CAS ad hoc Division (OG Rio) 16/024 Darya Klishina v. International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), award of 16 August 2016 (operative part of 15 August 2016) - Archived copy 8 January 2022 17 July 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210717194256/https://jurisprudence.tas-cas.org/Shared%20Documents/OG%2016-024.pdf#search=klishina live Athletics doping: Russia provisionally suspended by IAAF BBC Sport https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/34811896 14 November 2015 13 November 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151113220344/http://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/34811896 live https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-russia-klishina-exclusiv-idUSKCN10Q0BK Exclusive: Russia's Klishina to compete after appeal upheld Jack Stubbs Reuters 15 August 2016 4 October 2018 5 August 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170805022117/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-olympics-rio-russia-klishina-exclusiv-idUSKCN10Q0BK live The International Paralympic Committee suspended the Russian Paralympic Committee and banned the team from the 2016 Summer Paralympics.Rio Paralympics 2016: Russian athletes banned after doping scandal https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/disability-sport/37002582 BBC Sport 7 August 2016 7 August 2016 7 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160807160615/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/disability-sport/37002582 live On 5 December 2017, the IOC voted to suspend the Russian Olympic Committee, thus banning it from sending athletes under the Russian flag to the 2018 Winter Olympics. Cleared Russian athletes were allowed to participate as "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR). Two of them – curler Alexander Krushelnitskiy, who won a bronze medal, and bobsledder Nadezhda Sergeeva – failed drug tests during the Games. The IOC's Oswald Commission disqualified and banned 43 Russian athletes, and stripped thirteen medals they earned in Sochi.https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/01/russian-doping-scandal-athletes-bans-overturned-courts-of-arbitration-for-sport-athletics IOC dismayed after doping bans on 28 Russian athletes overturned by Cas Ingle Sean 1 February 2018 The Guardian en 3 October 2018 15 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180815121026/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/01/russian-doping-scandal-athletes-bans-overturned-courts-of-arbitration-for-sport-athletics live In December 2017, 42 of the 43 punished athletes appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). On 1 February 2018, the CAS found that the IOC provided insufficient evidence and cleared 28 athletes from IOC sanctions. In total, Russian athletes won back 9 of the 13 medals collected. For 11 other athletes, the CAS decided that there was sufficient evidence to uphold their Sochi sanctions, but reduced their lifetime bans to only the 2018 Winter Olympics.https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/02/04/icass-coates-responds-to-bach-over-ioc-concerns/110114676/ ICAS's Coates responds to Bach over IOC concerns 4 February 2018 Associated Press USA Today 3 October 2018 3 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181003142825/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/02/04/icass-coates-responds-to-bach-over-ioc-concerns/110114676/ live The IOC said in a statement that "the result of the CAS decision does not mean that athletes from the group of 28 will be invited to the [2018 Winter Olympic] Games. Not being sanctioned does not automatically confer the privilege of an invitation" and that "this [case] may have a serious impact on the future fight against doping". The IOC found it important to note that the CAS Secretary General "insisted that the CAS decision does not mean that these 28 athletes are innocent” and that they would consider an appeal against the court's decision.https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/russia-doping-scandal-overturned-bans-wada-athletes-cause-dismay-frustration-a8190811.html Wada: Clearing Russian athletes may cause 'dismay and frustration' Aspin, Guy 2 February 2018 The Independent 3 October 2018 3 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181003101337/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/russia-doping-scandal-overturned-bans-wada-athletes-cause-dismay-frustration-a8190811.html livehttps://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-statement-on-cas-decision IOC Statement on CAS decision 1 February 2018 Olympic Games 3 October 2018 1 February 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180201135755/https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-statement-on-cas-decision live Later that month, the Russian Olympic Committee was reinstated by the IOC, despite failed doping tests during the 2018 Olympics,https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/28/russia-says-ioc-reinstated-membership-after-doping-allegations Russia's Olympic membership restored by IOC after doping ban Kelner Martha 28 February 2018 The Guardian en 3 October 2018 22 September 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180922042055/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/feb/28/russia-says-ioc-reinstated-membership-after-doping-allegations live and the Russian Anti-Doping Agency was re-certified in September, despite the Russian officials not accepting the McLaren report.https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/09/20/olympics-wada-reinstates-russia-ends-suspension-after-doping-scandal/1365815002/ Russia reinstated by WADA, ending nearly 3-year suspension after doping scandal USA Today 3 October 2018 3 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181003063430/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/2018/09/20/olympics-wada-reinstates-russia-ends-suspension-after-doping-scandal/1365815002/ live Subsequent events Just 4 days after the closing of the Games, Russian troops entered Ukrainian Crimea and started the formal annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Russia formally incorporated Crimea into its territory on 14 March 2014.https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/crimea_annexion/id2593565/ Four years since Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea Government.no 14 March 2018 28 March 2019 4 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210504151336/https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/crimea_annexion/id2593565/ livePutin reveals secrets of Russia's Crimea takeover plot BBC News 9 March 2015 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31796226 9 March 2015 6 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210506233813/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-31796226 liveSoldatkin Vladimir Stamp David 9 March 2014 Putin says plan to take Crimea hatched before referendum https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-putin-crimea-idUSKBN0M51DG20150309 Reuters 10 March 2015 4 April 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404015150/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-putin-crimea-idUSKBN0M51DG20150309 live This marked the second of three times (2008, 2014, and 2022) that Russia under Vladimir Putin invaded a neighbouring country during or immediately after the Olympic games.https://www.newsnationnow.com/world/russia-at-war/russia-uses-olympics-as-cover-for-invasions/ Russia uses Olympics as cover for invasions NewsNation 16 February 2022 See also Olympic Games Russia 2010s 2014 Winter Olympics 2014 Summer Youth Olympics References External links Sochi 2014 Sochi 2014 Olympic and Paralympic Games 2014 Winter Olympics http://www.sochi2014.com/en Official website 25 November 2015 bot: unknown https://web.archive.org/web/20140801014759/http://www.sochi2014.com/en 1 August 2014 dmy ru, en, fr Olympstroy State Corporation ru en - responsible for Sochi Olympics construction and development Sochi 2014 links on Open Directory Project (DMOZ) Sochi satellite image on Google Maps woly Vancouver XXII Olympic Winter GamesSochi 2014 Pyeongchang Olympics Russia Sports 2010s 2014 Winter Olympics Olympics Category:2014 in multi-sport events Category:2014 in Russian sport Category:Olympic Games in Russia Category:Sports competitions in Sochi 2014 Category:Articles containing video clips Category:February 2014 sports events in Europe Category:Winter multi-sport events in Russia Category:2014 in Sochi Category:Doping in Russia Category:February 2014 in Russia