1990 in spaceflight

none January 2014 July 2021 1990 Liftoff STS-31.jpg The launch of 103 with the Hubble Space Telescope 1 January 27 December 121 114 5 2 Ariane 4 40Ariane 4 42PAtlas ICommercial Titan IIIDelta II 6920Delta II 7925Long March 2EPegasus Standard Delta 4925Long March 4A 9 39 Timeline of spaceflight 1989 1991 The following is an outline of 1990 in spaceflight. Launch of Hubble Space Telescope STS-31 1 2 right on Launches 1990 |colspan="8"| January |- 2 1 January 00:07 (UTC)10th Try the Charm as Titan 3 Blasts Off https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78548844/10th-try-the-charm-as-titan-3-blasts-off/ 29 May 2021 Los Angeles Times Times Wire Service 1 January 1990 https://web.archive.org/web/20210529183847/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78548844/10th-try-the-charm-as-titan-3-blasts-off/ 29 May 2021 Cape Canaveral, Florida 4 live Newspapers.com USACommercial Titan III USACape Canaveral LC-40 USAMartin Marietta Maiden flight of Commercial Titan III UKSkynet 4A MoD Geosynchronous Communications Successful; placed in graveyard orbit 20 June 2005UK Registry of Outer Space Objects https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/988206/UK_Registry_of_Space_Objects_May_2021.pdf#page=16 gov.uk UK Space Agency 29 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210529190000/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/988206/UK_Registry_of_Space_Objects_May_2021.pdf 29 May 2021 Swindon, Wiltshire 16 May 2021 live JPNJCSAT 2 JSAT Geosynchronous Communications Successful; placed in graveyard orbit 2002Yanagisawa Toshifumi Lightcurve observations of LEO objects in JAXA https://www.jsforum.or.jp/stableuse/2016/pdf/19.%20yanagisawa.pdf#page=23 Japan Space Forum JAXA 29 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210529190855/https://www.jsforum.or.jp/stableuse/2016/pdf/19.%20yanagisawa.pdf 29 May 2021 Tokyo, Japan 23 3 March 2016 live 2 9 January 12:35 (UTC)Harwood William Columbia thunders into orbit https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78594527/columbia-thunders-into-orbit/ 30 May 2021 Kilgore News Herald United Press International 9 January 1990 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530132225/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78594527/columbia-thunders-into-orbit/ 30 May 2021 Cape Canaveral, Florida 1 live Newspapers.com USA102 USAKennedy LC-39A USA Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronautsLong Duration Exposure Facility retrieval missionLeasat F5 retired 24 September 2015.Fisher Jack LEASAT F5, The Final Chapter-Andy Ott https://www.hughesscgheritage.com/leasat-f5-the-final-chapter-andy-ott/ hughesscgheritage.com 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530130832/https://www.hughesscgheritage.com/leasat-f5-the-final-chapter-andy-ott/ 30 May 2021 2 November 2015 live USASTS-32 NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment and retrieval Successful 20 January 09:35 (UTC)Siegel Lee Space shuttle lands after record flight https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78594731/space-shuttle-lands-after-record-flight/ 30 May 2021 Record-Journal Associated Press 21 January 1990 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530132713/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78594731/space-shuttle-lands-after-record-flight/ 30 May 2021 Edwards Air Force Base 3 live Newspapers.com USALeasat F5 also known as Syncom IV-5.Leasat F5 https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-002B NSSDCA Master Catalog NASA 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530131423/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1990-002B 30 May 2021 live NASA Geosynchronous Communications Successful; placed in graveyard orbit 24 September 2015. 1 17 January 14:45 (UTC)Vítek Antonín 1990-003A - Kosmos 2055 https://www.lib.cas.cz/space.40/1990/003A.HTM Library of the CAS Czech Academy of Sciences 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530135812/https://www.lib.cas.cz/space.40/1990/003A.HTM 30 May 2021 cs 10 April 2009 live USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2055 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 29 January 1 18 January 12:52 (UTC)Vítek Antonín 1990-004A - Kosmos 2056 https://www.lib.cas.cz/space.40/1990/004A.HTM Library of the CAS Czech Academy of Sciences 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530140349/https://www.lib.cas.cz/space.40/1990/004A.HTM 30 May 2021 cs 7 March 2010 live USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 133/3 USSR USSRKosmos 2056 (Strela-2M) Low Earth Communications Successful; replaced by Kosmos 2208 12 August 1992.Rodvold D. M. Johnson N. L. 1991-1992: Europe & Asia in Space https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA338582.pdf#page=101 Defense Technical Information Center Kaman Sciences Corp. 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530141808/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA338582.pdf 30 May 2021 101 1 January 1992 live 7 22 January 01:35 (UTC)Ariane rocket carries aloft 7 satellites https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78595523/ariane-rocket-carries-aloft-7-satellites/ 30 May 2021 The Orlando Sentinel 22 January 1992 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530134624/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/78595523/ariane-rocket-carries-aloft-7-satellites/ 30 May 2021 10 live Newspapers.com FRAAriane 4 (40) FRAKourou ELA-2 FRAArianespace Maiden flight of Ariane 4 (40)UOSAT 4 ceased transmitting after 5 hours FRASPOT 2 CNES Sun-synchronous Earth observation Successful; retired July, 2009.SPOT-2 https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/3rd-party-missions/current-missions/spot-2 Earth Online ESA 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530143201/https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/3rd-party-missions/current-missions/spot-2 30 May 2021 live UKUOSAT 3 also known as UoSAT-OSCAR 14UoSAT-OSCAR 14 https://www.om3ktr.sk/druzice/uo14.html om3ktr.sk 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530145020/https://www.om3ktr.sk/druzice/uo14.html 30 May 2021 16 November 2003 live University of Surrey Sun-synchronous Communications Successful; retired from active service in 1999Where are they: UoSAT-3 http://www.ph.surrey.ac.uk/satellites/main/where_are_they2.html Messages from Space University of Surrey 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530144052/http://www.ph.surrey.ac.uk/satellites/main/where_are_they2.html 30 May 2021 live and used as an amateur FM radio relay until 11 November 2003.ARRL Satellite Bulletin ARLS015 (2003) http://www.arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive/ARLS015/2003 On The Air ARRL 30 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210530144648/http://www.arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive/ARLS015/2003 30 May 2021 Newington, Connecticut 13 November 2003 live UKUOSAT 4 University of Surrey Sun-synchronous Communications Spacecraft failure 30 hours after launchUnderwood Craig I. 18 Years of Flight Experience with the UoSAT Microsatellites http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2000ESASP.439....5U SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System Surrey Satellite Technology 31 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210531073023/http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2000ESASP.439....5U 31 May 2021 2 March 2000 live USAPACSAT AMSAT Sun-synchronous Communications Operational USAMicrosat 2 AMSAT Sun-synchronous Communications Operational USAMicrosat 3 AMSAT Sun-synchronous Communications Operational USAMicrosat 4 AMSAT Sun-synchronous Communications Operational 1 23 January 02:52 USSRMolniya-M/ML USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRMolniya 3-53L Molniya Communications Successful 23 June 2003 2 24 January 11:46 JPNMu-3S-II JPNUchinoura JPNISAS First Japanese lunar missionHagoromo suffered a transmitter malfunction prior to selenocentric orbit injection JPNHiten ISAS Lunar probe Successful 11 April 1993 JPNHagoromo ISAS Selenocentric Lunar orbiter Spacecraft failure 1 24 January 22:55:01 (UTC)Halvorson Todd Delta 2 successfully launched https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83283841/delta-2-successfully-launched/ 12 August 2021 Florida Today 25 January 1990 https://web.archive.org/web/20210812072341/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83283841/delta-2-successfully-launched/ 12 August 2021 6A live Newspapers.com McDowell Jonathan C. GCAT: Orbital Launches https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/ldes/O.html Jonathan's Space Report 12 August 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210812073954/https://planet4589.org/space/gcat/data/ldes/O.html 12 August 2021 12 August 2021 live USADelta II 6925 USACape Canaveral LC-17A USAMcDonnell Douglas USAGPS II-6 (USA-50) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation Successful 1 25 January 17:15 (UTC) USSRSoyuz-U USSR Plesetsk Site 16/2 USSR USSRKosmos 2057 (Yantar-4K2) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 19 March 1990Cosmos 2057: Launch/Orbital information https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1990-009A NSSDCA Master Catalog NASA 12 August 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210812075414/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1990-009A 12 August 2021 live 1 30 January 11:20 (UTC) USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32 USSR USSRKosmos 2058 (Tselina-R) Low Earth ELINT Operational |colspan="8"| February |- 1 4 February 12:27:03 (UTC) PRCLong March 3 PRCXichang LC-1 PRC PRCDFH-2 A-4 Geosynchronous Communications Successful; retired in the early 1990sKrebs Gunter Dirk DFH-2A 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (STTW, ChinaSat, ZX 1, 2, 3, 4) https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dfh-2a.htm Gunter's Space Page 12 August 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210812080647/https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/dfh-2a.htm 12 August 2021 2019-07-21 All DFH-2As had exhausted fuel and halted operation by the early 1990s. live 1 6 February 16:30 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 132/2 USSR USSRKosmos 2059 (Taifun-2) Low Earth Radar calibration Successful 12 November 3 7 February 01:33 JPNH-I JPNTanegashima LA-N JPNMitsubishi JPNMOS 1B NASDA Low Earth Earth observation Operational JPNDEBUT Low Earth Technology demonstration Successful JPNJAS-1B Low Earth Communications Operational 1 11 February 06:16 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR Crewed orbital flight with 2 cosmonauts USSRSoyuz TM-9 Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-9 Successful 9 August 07:33 2 14 February 16:15:01 (UTC)Halvorson Todd Delta deploys 'Star Wars' satellites https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83284498/delta-deploys-star-wars-satellites/ 12 August 2021 Florida Today 15 February 1990 https://web.archive.org/web/20210812081842/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83284498/delta-deploys-star-wars-satellites/ 12 August 2021 live Newspapers.com USADelta II 6920-8 USACape Canaveral LC-17B USAMcDonnell Douglas Maiden flight of Delta II 6920 USALACE (USA-51) DoD Low Earth Technology demonstration Successful 24 May 2000LACE: Launch/Orbital information https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1990-015A NSSDCA Master Catalog NASA 12 August 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210812081050/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1990-015A 12 August 2021 live USARME (USA-52) DoD Low Earth Technology demonstration Successful 24 May 1992RME: Launch/Orbital information https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1990-015B NSSDCA Master Catalog NASA 12 August 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210812081319/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1990-015B 12 August 2021 live 1 15 February 07:52 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 81/23 USSR USSRRaduga 25 Geosynchronous Communications Operational 2 22 February 23:17 FRAAriane 4 (44L) FRAKourou ELA-2 FRAArianespace Blocked water line caused rocket explosion JPNSuperbird B SCC Intended: Geosynchronous transfer Communications Launch failure 2 T+ seconds 2 JPNBS 2X Intended: Geosynchronous transfer Communications inherit inherit 1 27 February 20:59 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 132/2 USSR USSRNadezhda 2 Low Earth Navigation Operational 1 28 February 00:55 USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32/2 USSR USSROkean 2 Low Earth Earth science Operational 2 28 February 07:50 USASpace Shuttle 104 no USAKennedy LC-39A USA Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts USASTS-36 NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment Successful 4 March 03:08 USAUSA-53 (Misty-1) NRO Low Earth Reconnaissance Operational 1 28 February 23:10 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR USSRProgress M-3 Low Earth (Mir) Logistics Successful 28 April 00:52 |colspan="8"| March |- 1 14 March 11:52 USACommercial Titan III USACape Canaveral LC-40 USAMartin Marietta Due to non-separation of second stage Intelsat 603 was released from its perigee motor into a Low Earth orbit. Space Shuttle 105 no on mission STS-49 attached a new perigee motor which boosted the satellite to geosynchronous orbit. UNIntelsat 603 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications Partial launch failure 1 14 March 15:27 USSRTsyklon-2 USSRBaikonur Site 90/20 USSR USSRKosmos 2060 (US-P) Low Earth Naval Reconnaissance Successful 1 September 1991 1 20 March 00:25 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 133/3 USSR USSRKosmos 2061 (Parus) Low Earth Navigation Successful 1 22 March 07:20 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2062 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 28 April 1 26 March 02:45 USADelta II 6925 USACape Canaveral LC-17A USAMcDonnell Douglas Signal anomaly on 21 May 1996 made the satellite unusable in the GPS constellation. USAGPS II-7 (USA-54) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation Spacecraft failure 1 27 March 16:40 USSRMolniya-M/2BL USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2063 (Oko) Molniya Early warning Operational |colspan="8"| April |- 1 3 April 12:02 ISRShavit ISRPalmachim ISR ISROfeq-2 Low Earth (retrograde) Reconnaissance Operational 1 3 April USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk Site 43 USSR USSRYantar-4K2 Intended: Low Earth Reconnaissance Launch failure 3 April 2 5 April 19:10 USAPegasus USABalls 8 Edwards USAOrbital Sciences Maiden flight of Pegasus USAPegsat NASA Low Earth Space Physics Successful 14 November 1998 USAUSA-55 (SECS) DoD Low Earth Communications Operational 8 6 April 03:13 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 133/3 USSR USSRKosmos 2064 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2065 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2066 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2067 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2068 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2069 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2070 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2071 (Strela-1M) Low Earth Communications Operational 1 7 April 13:30 PRCLong March 3 PRCXichang LC-1 PRC Originally launched as Westar 6 by Space Shuttle 099 no in February 1984 on mission STS-41-B. Was stranded in an incorrect orbit and was recovered in November 1984 by Space Shuttle 103 no on mission STS-51-A. Westar 6 was refurbished and sold to AsiaSat who renamed it AsiaSat 1. PRCAsiaSat 1 AsiaSat Geosynchronous Communications Operational 3 11 April 15:00 USAAtlas-E/Altair-3A USAVandenberg SLC-3W USALockheed USAUSA-56 (POGS) DoD Low Earth Technology demonstration Successful USAUSA-57 (TEX) DoD Low Earth Technology demonstration Successful USAUSA-58 (SCE) DoD Low Earth Technology demonstration Successful 1 11 April 17:00 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk Site 43/3 USSR FRA/USSRFoton 6 CNES Low Earth Microgravity research Successful 27 April 06:15 1 13 April 18:53 USSRSoyuz-U USSRBaikonur USSR USSRKosmos 2072 (Yantar-4KS1) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 22 November 1 13 April 22:28 USADelta II 6925-8 USACape Canaveral LC-17B USAMcDonnell Douglas Originally launched in February 1984 as Palapa B2 by Space Shuttle Challenger on mission STS-41-B. Was stranded in an incorrect orbit and was recovered in November 1984 by Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-51-A. IDNPalapa B2R Telkom Indonesia Geosynchronous Communications Operational 1 17 April 08:00 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2073 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 28 April 1 20 April 18:41 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 133/3 USSR USSRKosmos 2074 (Parus) Low Earth Navigation Operational 2 24 April 12:33 USASpace Shuttle 103 no USAKennedy LC-39B USA Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts USASTS-31 NASA Low Earth HST deployment Successful 29 April 13:49 USA/23pxHubble Space Telescope NASA/ESA Low Earth Space Telescope Operational 1 25 April 13:00 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 132/2 USSR USSRKosmos 2075 (Taifun-2) Low Earth Target Successful 20 February 1992 1 26 April 01:37 USSRMolniya-M/ML USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRMolniya 1-77 Molniya Communications Successful 25 February 2005 1 28 April 11:37 USSRMolniya-M/2BL USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2076 (Oko) Molniya Early warning Operational |colspan="8"| May |- 1 5 May 20:44 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR Final flight of baseline Progress spacecraft USSRProgress 42 Low Earth (Mir) Logistics Successful 27 May 12:27 1 7 May 18:39 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2077 (Yantar-4K2) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 4 July 2 9 May 17:50 USAScout G-1 USAVandenberg SLC-5 USA USAMacSat 1 DARPA Low Earth Communications Successful USAMacSat 2 DARPA Low Earth Communications Successful 1 15 May 09:55 USSRSoyuz-U USSRBaikonur USSR USSRKosmos 2078 (Yantar-1KFT) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 28 June 3 19 May 08:32 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 200/40 USSR USSRKosmos 2079 (GLONASS) Medium Earth Navigation Operational USSRKosmos 2080 (GLONASS) Medium Earth Navigation Operational USSRKosmos 2081 (GLONASS) Medium Earth Navigation Operational 1 22 May 05:14 USSRZenit-2 USSRBaikonur Site 45/2 USSR First launch from Site 45/2 USSRKosmos 2082 (Tselina-2) Low Earth ELINT Operational 1 29 May 07:19 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk Site 43/4 USSR USSRResurs-F6 Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 14 June 1 31 May 10:33 USSRProton-K USSRBaikonur Site 200/39 USSR USSRKristall Low Earth (Mir) Mir module Successful 23 March 2001 05:50 |colspan="8"| June |- 1 1 June 21:48 USADelta II 6920-10 USACape Canaveral LC-17A USAMcDonnell Douglas GERROSAT Low Earth Astronomy Successful 23 October 2011 4 8 June 05:21 USATitan IVA (405) USACape Canaveral LC-41 USAMartin Marietta USAUSA-59 (SLDCOM) US Air Force Low Earth Communications Operational USAUSA-60 (NOSS-2) US Navy Low Earth Naval Reconnaissance Operational USAUSA-61 (NOSS-2) US Navy Low Earth Naval Reconnaissance Operational USAUSA-62 (NOSS-2) US Navy Low Earth Naval Reconnaissance Operational 1 12 June 05:52 USADelta 4925 USACape Canaveral LC-17B USAMcDonnell Douglas Final flight of Delta 4925 INDINSAT 1D ISRO Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 13 June 01:07 USSRMolniya-M/ML USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRMolniya 3-47L Molniya Communications Successful 26 February 2006 1 19 June 08:45 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2083 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 3 July 1990 1 20 June 23:36 USSRProton-K/DM USSRBaikonur Site 200/40 USSR USSRGorizont 20 Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 21 June 20:45 USSRMolniya-M/2BL USSRPlesetsk Site 43/3 USSR Placed in an incorrect orbit and the satellite did not communicate with the ground. USSRKosmos 2084 (Oko) Intended: MolniyaAchieved: Low Earth Early warning Partial Failure 1 23 June 11:19 USACommercial Titan III USACape Canaveral LC-40 USAMartin Marietta UNIntelsat 604 Intelsat Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 27 June 22:30 USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32 USSR USSRMeteor-2-19 Low Earth Earth Sciences Successful |colspan="8"| July |- 1 3 July USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk Site 16/2 USSR USSRYantar-4K2 Intended: Low Earth Reconnaissance Launch failure 3 July 1 11 July 10:00 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR FRA/USSRGamma CNES Low Earth Astronomy Successful 28 February 1992 2 16 July 00:40 PRCLong March 2E PRCXichang LC-2 PRC Maiden flight of Long March 2E PAKBadr-1 SUPARCO Low Earth Communications Successful 8 December USAHS-601 Low Earth Boilerplate spacecraft Successful 1 17 July 09:29 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk Site 43/3 USSR USSRResurs-F7 Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 16 August 1 18 July 21:46 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 200/39 USSR USSRKosmos 2085 (Geizer 17L) Geosynchronous Communications Operational 1 20 July 08:40 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2086 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 3 August 2 24 July 22:25 FRAAriane 4 (44L) FRAKourou ELA-2 FRAArianespace FRATDF-2 Telediffusion Geosynchronous Communications Successful GERDFS-2 Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 25 July 18:13 USSRMolniya-M/2BL USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2087 (Oko) Molniya Early warning Operational 1 25 July 19:21 USAAtlas I USACape Canaveral LC-36B USA Maiden flight of Atlas IContact with spacecraft lost on 12 October 1991 due to onboard battery failure. USACRRES US Air Force Geosynchronous transfer Space Physics Successful 1 30 July 00:06 USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32/1 USSR USSRKosmos 2088 (Geo-IK) Low Earth Earth Science Successful |colspan="8"| August |- 1 1 August 09:32 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR Crewed orbital flight with 2 cosmonauts USSRSoyuz TM-10 Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-7 Successful 10 December 06:08 1 2 August 05:39 USADelta II 6925 USACape Canaveral LC-17A USAMcDonnell Douglas USAGPS II-8 (USA-63) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation Operational 1 3 August 19:45 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2089 (Yantar-4K2) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 1 October 6 8 August 04:15 USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32 USSR USSRKosmos 2090 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2091 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2092 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2093 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2094 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2095 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational 1 9 August 20:18 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 200/39 USSR USSREkran-M Intended: Geosynchronous Communications Launch failure 9 August 1 10 August 20:18 USSRMolniya-M/ML USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRMolniya 1-78 Molniya Communications Successful 6 July 2007 1 15 August 04:00 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR USSRProgress M-4 Low Earth (Mir) Logistics Successful 20 September 11:42 1 16 August 09:54 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk Site 43/4 USSR USSRResurs-F8 Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 1 September 1 18 August 00:42 USADelta II 6925 USACape Canaveral LC-17B USAMcDonnell Douglas UKMarco Polo 2 Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 23 August 16:17 USSRTsyklon-2 USSRBaikonur Site 90/20 USSR USSRKosmos 2096 (US-P) Low Earth Naval Reconnaissance Successful 30 August 1992 1 28 August 07:49 USSRMolniya-M/2BL USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2097 (Oko) Molniya Early warning Operational 1 28 August 09:05 JPNH-1 JPNTanegashima LA-N JPNMitsubishi JPNBS 3A Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 28 August 15:45 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 133/3 USSR USSRKosmos 2098 (Taifun-1) Low Earth Earth Science Successful 2 30 August 22:46 FRAAriane 4 (44LP) FRAKourou ELA-2 FRAArianespace UKSkynet 4C MoD Geosynchronous Communications Operational FRAEutelsat 2F1 Eutelsat Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 31 August 08:00 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2099 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 14 September |colspan="8"| September |- 3 3 September 00:53 PRCLong March 4A PRCTaiyuan LC-1 PRC Final flight of Long March 4A PRCFeng Yun 1B Sun-synchronous Weather satellite Successful PRCQi Qiu Weixing 1 Sun-synchronous Atmospheric research Successful 11 March 1991 PRCQi Qiu Weixing 2 Sun-synchronous Atmospheric research Successful 24 July 1991 1 7 September 11:59 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk Site 16/2 USSR USSRResurs-F9 Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 21 September 1 14 September 05:59 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 133/3 USSR USSRKosmos 2100 (Parus) Low Earth Navigation Operational 1 20 September 20:16 USSRMolniya-M/ML USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRMolniya 3-54L Molniya Communications Operational 1 27 September 10:37 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR USSRProgress M-5 Low Earth (Mir) Logistics Successful 28 November 11:04 1 28 September 07:30 USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32 USSR USSRMeteor-2-20 Low Earth Earth Science Successful |colspan="8"| October |- 1 1 October 11:00 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR USSRKosmos 2101 (Orlets-1) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 30 November 1 1 October 21:56 USADelta II 6925 USACape Canaveral LC-17A USAMcDonnell Douglas USAGPS II-9 (USA-64) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation Successful 1 4 October USSRZenit-2 USSRBaikonur Site 45/2 USSR First stage engine failure five seconds after launch. Subsequent explosion completely destroyed the launch pad, which was not rebuilt. USSRTselina-2 Intended: Low Earth ELINT Launch failure T+5 seconds 1 5 October 06:14 PRCLong March 2C PRCJiuquan LA-2B PRC PRCFSW-1-3 Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 13 October 03:59 2 6 October 11:47 USASpace Shuttle Discovery USAKennedy LC-39B USA Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts USASTS-41 NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment Successful 10 October 23px/USAUlysses ESA/NASA Heliocentric Solar probe Successful 2 12 October 22:58 23pxAriane 4 (44L) FRAKourou ELA-2 FRAArianespace USASBS 6 SBS Geosynchronous Communications Successful USAGalaxy 6 PanAmSat Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 16 October 19:00 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2102 (Yantar-4K2) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 12 December 1 30 October 23:16 USADelta II 6925 USACape Canaveral LC-17B USAMcDonnell Douglas UKInmarsat 2F1 Inmarsat Geosynchronous Communications Operational |colspan="8"| November |- 1 3 November 14:40 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 81/23 USSR USSRGorizont 21 Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 13 November 00:37 USATitan IVA (402)/IUS USACape Canaveral LC-41 USAMartin Marietta USAUSA-65 (DSP-15) US Air Force Geosynchronous Early warning Operational 1 14 November 06:33 USSRTsyklon-2 USSRBaikonur Site 90/20 USSR USSRKosmos 2103 (US-P) Low Earth Naval Reconnaissance Successful 3 April 1991 3 15 November 23:48 USASpace Shuttle Atlantis USAKennedy LC-39A USA Crewed orbital flight with 5 astronauts USASTS-38 NASA Low Earth Satellite deployment Successful 20 November 21:42 USAUSA-67 (SDS-2) NRO Geosynchronous Communications Operational USAProwler NRO Geosynchronous Satellite inspectionTechnology Successful 1 16 November 16:30 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2104 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 4 December 1 20 November 02:33 USSRMolniya-M/2BL USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2105 (Oko) Molniya Early warning Successful 16 January 2008 2 20 November 23:11 FRAAriane 4 (42P) FRAKourou ELA-2 FRAArianespace Maiden flight of Ariane 4 (42P) USASatcom C1 GE Americom Geosynchronous Communications Successful USAGStar 4 Spacenet Geosynchronous Communications Successful 1 23 November 03:51 USSRMolniya-M/ML USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRMolniya 1-79 Molniya Communications Successful 30 August 2005 1 23 November 13:22 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 200/39 USSR USSRGorizont 22 Geosynchronous Communications Operational 1 26 November 21:39 USADelta II 7925 USACape Canaveral LC-17A USAMcDonnell Douglas Maiden flight of Delta II 7925 USAGPS IIA-1 (USA-66) US Air Force Medium Earth Navigation Successful 1 28 November 16:33 USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32 USSR USSRKosmos 2106 (Tselina-D) Low Earth ELINT Successful 7 April 2000 |colspan="8"| December |- 1 1 December 15:57 USAAtlas-E/Star-37 USAVandenberg SLC-3W USALockheed USAUSA-68 (DMSP-5D2 F10) US Air Force Sun-synchronous Weather satellite Successful 1 2 December 06:49 USASpace Shuttle Columbia USAKennedy LC-39B USA Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts USASTS-35 NASA Low Earth Astronomy Successful 10 December 23:54 1 2 December 08:13 USSRSoyuz-U2 USSRBaikonur Site 1/5 USSR Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts including the first Japanese space traveler. USSRSoyuz TM-11 Low Earth (Mir) Mir EO-8 Successful 26 May 1991 10:04 1 4 December 00:48 USSRTsyklon-2 USSRBaikonur Site 90/20 USSR USSRKosmos 2107 (US-P) Low Earth Naval Reconnaissance Successful 6 April 1992 1 4 December 18:30 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2108 (Yantar-4K2) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 28 January 1991 3 8 December 02:43 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 81/23 USSR USSRKosmos 2109 (GLONASS) Medium Earth Navigation Operational USSRKosmos 2110 (GLONASS) Medium Earth Navigation Operational USSRKosmos 2111 (GLONASS) Medium Earth Navigation Operational 1 10 December 07:54 USSRKosmos-3M USSRPlesetsk Site 133/3 USSR USSRKosmos 2112 (Strela-2M) Low Earth Communications Successful 1 20 December 11:35 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 81/23 USSR USSRRaduga 26 Geosynchronous Communications Operational 1 21 December 06:20 USSRSoyuz-U USSRBaikonur USSR USSRKosmos 2113 (Yantar-4KS1) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 11 June 1991 6 22 December 07:28 USSRTsyklon-3 USSRPlesetsk Site 32 USSR USSRKosmos 2114 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2115 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2116 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2117 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2118 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational USSRKosmos 2119 (Strela-3) Low Earth Communications Operational 1 26 December 11:10 USSRSoyuz-U USSRPlesetsk USSR USSRKosmos 2120 (Zenit-8) Low Earth Reconnaissance Successful 17 January 1991 1 27 December 11:08 USSRProton-K/DM-2 USSRBaikonur Site 200/39 USSR USSRRaduga-1-2 Geosynchronous Communications Operational |} 1990 Deep-space rendezvous Date (GMT)SpacecraftEventRemarks10 February Galileo Flyby of Venus Gravity assist; Closest approach: 16000 km19 March Hiten Flyby of the Moon19 March Hagoromo Selenocentric orbit injection10 August Magellan Cytherean orbit injection8 December Galileo 1st flyby of the Earth Gravity assist; Closest approach: 960 km EVAs Start date/timeDurationEnd timeSpacecraftCrewRemarks8 January20:232 hours56 minutes23:19Mir EO-5USSRAlexander ViktorenkoUSSRAleksandr SerebrovInstalled new star tracker sensors launched in the Kvant-2 module onto Kvant-1.11 January18:012 hours54 minutes20:55Mir EO-5USSRAlexander ViktorenkoUSSRAleksandr SerebrovClosed out experimental racks, either retrieving for return to Earth, or discarding into space. Modified the docking node for the arrival of the Kristall module.26 January12:093 hours2 minutes15:11Mir EO-5Kvant-2USSRAlexander ViktorenkoUSSRAleksandr SerebrovTested the new Orlan-DMA spacesuit. This spacewalk team was the first use of the EVA airlock hatch on the Kvant-2 module. During the spacewalk a mooring post was attached outside the airlock, and a Kurs antenna was removed to enable future EVAs.1 February08:154 hours59 minutes13:14Mir EO-5Kvant-2USSRAlexander ViktorenkoUSSRAleksandr SerebrovTested the SPK "flying armchair", analogous to NASA's MMU. The SPK did not fly free, but remained tethered to Kvant-2 during the tests.5 February06:083 hours45 minutes09:53Mir EO-5Kvant-2USSRAlexander ViktorenkoUSSRAleksandr SerebrovConducted more tests of the SPK. Viktorenko reached as far as 45 m from Mir.17 July13:067 hours15 minutes20:22Mir EO-6Kvant-2USSRAnatoly SolovyevUSSRAleksandr BalandinAt the start of their EVA to repair torn insulation on the Soyuz TM-9, Solovyev and Balandin damaged the hatch on Kvant-2 by opening it before the airlock was completely depressurized. The spacewalking team repaired the insulation on Soyuz, but time constraints required returning to Kvant-2 before they collected their tools and ladders. Unable to securely close the damaged hatch, they used the center section of Kvant-2 as a back-up airlock.26 July11:153 hours31 minutes14:46Mir EO-6Kvant-2USSRAnatoly SolovyevUSSRAleksandr BalandinTransmitted images of the damaged hatch to TsUP, recovered the ladders and tools left outside earlier and removed debris lodged in the hinge of the airlock hatch, allowing the hatch to close and seal for repressurization.29 October21:452 hours45 minutes30 October00:30Mir EO-7Kvant-2USSRGennadi ManakovUSSRGennady StrekalovAfter removing insulation around the damaged Kvant-2 hatch, they found the hatch to be more heavily damaged than previously understood. Although unable to completely repair the hatch, they added hardware to the hatch. See also Footnotes 1990 on expanded Category:Spaceflight by year