2010 Copiapó mining accident

Cave-in and miner rescue in Atacama Region, Chile Copiapó mining accident the 2006 accident in the Alex-Aguilar mine 2006 Copiapó mining accident October 2010 August 2026 Mina San José de Copiapó en 2010.jpg Color photo of San Jose Mine from a distance with several workers in the foreground Rescue efforts at the mine on 10 August 2010 2010 08 05 2010 10 13 y (2010 08 05 2010 10 13 full) 14:05 CLT (UTC−04:00) San José Mine, near Copiapó, Atacama Region, Chile 27.158609 S 70.497655 W region:CL-AT_type:event inline,title 8 Location of the accident near Copiapó All 33 trapped miners rescued Total closure and loss 2010 8 on2011 US$1.8 million lawsuit 2010 8 on2011 A mining accident began on 5 August 2010 with a cave-in at the San José copper–gold mine in the Atacama Desert, 45 km us north of the regional capital of Copiapó, in northern Chile. Thirty-three men were trapped 700 m ft us underground and 5 km 0 us from the mine's entrance. They were all rescued 69 days later.http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2010/08/680-282082-9-onemi-confirma-33-mineros-atrapados-tras-derrumbe-en-yacimiento-en-atacama.shtml La Tercera Onemi confirma a 33 mineros atrapados en yacimiento en Atacama 6 August 2010 12 October 2010 es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110102143800/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2010/08/680-282082-9-onemi-confirma-33-mineros-atrapados-tras-derrumbe-en-yacimiento-en-atacama.shtml 2 January 2011http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N08212025.htm Illiano Cesar Rescue near for Chile miners trapped for two months 9 October 2010 11 October 2010 Reuters AlertNet https://web.archive.org/web/20101018044841/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N08212025.htm 18 October 2010 dead Although Chile is the world's top copper producer, Venditti Bruno Ranked: The World’s Top Copper Producers (2000 vs. 2024) https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-worlds-top-copper-producers-2000-2024/ 8 February 2026 Visual Capitalist 2024 en its mines had a history of fatal accidents, with as many as 43 deaths in 2008. The San José mine was owned by the San Esteban Mining Company, which had ignored warnings from the Chilean Safety Administration. This negligence contributed to the collapse and the subsequent rescue operation. The collapse occurred at 14:00 CLT on 5 August 2010 while 34 people were present. One miner escaped, but the remaining 33 were trapped. The group was forced to retreat to an emergency refuge after discovering a safety ladder, required by code, was missing. After the state-owned mining company Codelco took over the rescue efforts from the mine's owners, exploratory boreholes were drilled. Seventeen days after the accident, a note was found taped to a drill bit retrieved to the surface: "Estamos bien en el Refugio los 33" ("We are well in the Refuge – the 33"). The rescue was a multinational effort involving three separate drilling rig teams, nearly every Chilean government ministry, the United States space agency NASA, and numerous international corporations. On 13 October 2010, the men were winched to the surface one at a time in a specially built capsule, as an estimated 5.3 million people watched via live video stream."Chilean mine rescue watched by millions online", Canadian Broadcasting Corp., 14 October 2010http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/10/13/workers-begin-to-rescue-trapped-chilean-miners/?hpt=T1&iref=BN1 First of 33 trapped miners reaches surface CNN 12 October 2010 12 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101013101416/http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2010/10/13/workers-begin-to-rescue-trapped-chilean-miners/?hpt=T1&iref=BN1 13 October 2010 deadhttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8058924/Chile-Miners-Rescue-Live.html Chile Miners Rescue: Live London Daily Telegraph 12 October 2010 12 October 2010 Peter Hutchison Bonnie Malkin Andy Bloxham https://web.archive.org/web/20101013014756/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8058924/Chile-Miners-Rescue-Live.html 13 October 2010 dead With few exceptions, the miners were in good medical condition, and no long-term physical effects were anticipated. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11489439 BBC News Chile mine rescue 13 October 2010 28 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110519160213/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11489439 19 May 2011 live Private donations covered one-third of the US$20 million rescue cost, with the remainder funded by the mine owners and the government.http://www.wbay.com/Global/story.asp?S=13318937 Chile's textbook mine rescue brings global respect WBAY-TV Green Bay-Fox Cities-Northeast Wisconsin News 13 October 2010 18 October 2010 June 2017 InternetArchiveBot yes The San José mine had a history of geological instability, and its owner, the San Esteban Mining Company, had a long record of safety violations. Over the previous dozen years, the company had been fined repeatedly and was responsible for accidents that killed eight people.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11102478 Trapped Chile miner's family sues owners and officials 26 August 2010 27 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100826200316/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11102478 26 August 2010 live BBC Newshttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7966590/Families-of-trapped-Chilean-miners-to-sue-mining-firm.html Families of trapped Chilean miners to sue mining firm Govan, Fiona 26 August 2010 London Daily Telegraph 26 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100829093945/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7966590/Families-of-trapped-Chilean-miners-to-sue-mining-firm.html 29 August 2010 live Aislinn Laing Nick AllenGopal Ethiraj (14 October 2004), 69-day trapped Chilean miners being lifted one by one to safety https://web.archive.org/web/20101016001135/http://www.asiantribune.com/news/2010/10/14/69-day-trapped-chilean-miners-being-lifted-one-one-safety 16 October 2010, Asian Tribune, Hallstavik, Sweden. Lawsuits and investigations into the collapse concluded in August 2013 after three years, with no charges filed.Inquiry on Mine Collapse in Chile Ends With No Charges https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/02/world/americas/inquiry-on-mine-collapse-in-chile-ends-with-no-charges.html?_r=0 The New York Times 2 August 2013 Pascale Bonnefoy 1 August 2013 Background Copper mining in Chile 1964 Andacollo mining accident 250 San Jose Mine, Chile.jpg Satellite photo of the mine area in the Atacama Desert thumb San José Mine white 46.666667 34.5 Copiapó white right 60 100 Chile's long tradition in mining has made the country the world's top producer of copper.3 December 2022 Visualizing the world's largest copper producers https://www.mining.com/web/visualizing-the-worlds-largest-copper-producers/ 26 November 2024 Mining en-US In the 2000–2010 period an average of 34 people per year died in mining accidents in Chile, with a high of 43 in 2008, according to figures from the state regulatory agency "National Geology and Mining Service" (es Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería de Chile abbreviated to SERNAGEOMIN).Jones Sam 27 August 2010 Trapped Chilean miners sing national anthem in footage from inside mine https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/27/trapped-chilean-miners-video%20 28 May 2011 The Guardian LondonNovember 2024 yes The mine is owned by the San Esteban Mining Company, (es Compañía Minera San Esteban abbreviated to CMSE), a company notorious for operating unsafe mines. According to an official with the non-profit Chilean Safety Association, (es Asociación Chilena de Seguridad, also known as ACHS) eight workers died at the San José site between 1998 and 2010https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/23/miners-trapped-alive-chile Chilean miners found alive – but rescue will take four months Haroon Siddique 23 August 2010 The Guardian 23 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100824223118/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/23/miners-trapped-alive-chile 24 August 2010 live LondonJennifer Yang (10 October 2010), "From collapse to rescue: Inside the Chile mine disaster", Toronto Star. while CMSE was fined 42 times between 2004 and 2010 for breaching safety regulations. The mine was shut down temporarily in 2007 when relatives of a miner killed in an accident sued the company; but the mine reopened in 2008 despite non-compliance with regulations."New video gives tour of trapped miners' refuge" – Associated Press writers – Bradley Brooks and Peter Prengaman – with Federico Quilodran in Copiapo, Eduardo Gallardo in Santiago, and Michael Warren in Buenos Aires, Argentina, contributing to this report. The Associated Press, (NBC26.com) 28 August 2010 – Copyright 2010. Due to budget constraints, there were only three inspectors for the Atacama Region's 884 mines during the period leading up to the most recent collapse. Prior to the accident, CMSE had ignored warnings over unsafe working conditions in its mines. According to Javier Castillo, secretary of the trade union that represents San José's miners, the company's management operates "without listening to the voice of the workers when they say that there is danger or risk". "Nobody listens to us. Then they say we're right. If they had believed the workers, we would not be lamenting this now", said Gerardo Núñez, head of the union at a nearby Candelaria Norte mine."Unions Say Mining Becoming More Dangerous in Chile" https://web.archive.org/web/20110713182716/http://www.laht.com/article.asp?ArticleId=362450&CategoryId=14094 13 July 2011 Latin American Herald Tribune, 9 August 2010 Chilean copper mine workers are among the highest-paid miners in South America.https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2006/09/07/a-worrying-precedent A worrying precedent 7 September 2006 The Economist 23 August 2010 Although the accident has called mine safety in Chile into question, serious incidents at large mines are rare, particularly those owned by the state copper mining company (Codelco) or by multinational companies.https://www.economist.com/blogs/americasview/2010/08/chiles_trapped_miners Celebration before a hard slog 23 August 2010 The Economist 23 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100825041708/http://economist.com/blogs/americasview/2010/08/chiles_trapped_miners 25 August 2010 live However, smaller mines such as the one at Copiapó have generally lower safety standards. Wages at the San Jose Mine were around 20% higher than at other Chilean mines due to its poor safety record."The Media Circus at Chile's San José Mine" Spiegel Online, 8 September 2010 A similar but smaller-scale accident occurred in 1964 in Andacollo, in which seven trapped miners were rescued by ENAMI.Crónicas mineras de medio siglo (1950–2000) Spanish Danús Hernán RIL Editores 2007 978-956-284-555-7 Santiago de Chile V. La geología y las exploraciones mineras 184–185 Collapse thumb|alt=Abstract graphic illustration of the underground accident site in the mine with markings, annotations and depths|Schematic diagram of the accident (not to scale); depths are meters AMSL The collapse occurred at 14:00 CLT on 5 August 2010.Vila, Narayan http://www.lanacion.cl/amplio-despliegue-para-rescatar-a-mineros-atrapados/noticias/2010-08-06/210402.html Amplio despliegue para rescatar a mineros atrapados La Nación (Chile) 7 August 2010 12 October 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110628232036/http://www.lanacion.cl/amplio-despliegue-para-rescatar-a-mineros-atrapados/noticias/2010-08-06/210402.html 28 June 2011 Access to the depths of the mine was by a long helical roadway.Channel 4 British TV program Buried Alive: The Chilean Mine Rescue, 8 pm to 9 pm, Wednesday 27 October 2010 One man, an ore-truck driver, was able to get out, but a group of 33 men were trapped deep inside.Hector Tobar "Sixty-Nine Days" The New Yorker, 12 October 2010 A thick dust cloud caused by the rock fall blinded the miners for as much as six hours. Initially, the trapped miners tried to escape through ventilation shafts, but the ladders required by safety codes were missing.Chile sets sight on escape shaft for trapped miners https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN24255937 Soto, Alonso Reuters 24 August 2010 27 August 2010 Luis Urzúa, the shift supervisor, gathered his men in a room called a "refuge" and organized them and their resources. Teams were sent out to assess the vicinity.Luis Urzua, the foreman keeping hope alive for Chile's trapped miners https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners Franklin, Jonathan The Observer London 5 September 2010 14 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101012101851/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners 12 October 2010 live Initial search thumb|alt=Color image of President Piñera displaying the message in a plastic document protector sent by the miners with Mining Minister Golborne|Piñera holds the message sent by the miners alongside Mining Minister Golborne (red jacket, blue shirt) Rescuers attempted to bypass the rockfall at the main entryway through alternative passages but found each route blocked by fallen rock or threatened by ongoing rock movement. After a second collapse on 7 August, rescuers were forced to use heavy machinery while trying to gain access via a ventilation shaft.Ross Lydall "Tears of joy as Chile miners complete their great escape" London Evening Standard, 13 October 2010 Concerns that additional attempts to pursue this route would cause further geological movement halted attempts to reach the trapped miners through any of the existing shafts, and other means to find the men were sought.https://www.cooperativa.cl/ministro-golborne--el-acceso-por-la-chimena-ya-no-es-una-opcion/prontus_nots/2010-08-07/160054.html Ministro Golborne: El acceso por la chimenea ya no es una opción Radio Cooperativa (Chile) 7 August 2010 es 12 October 2010 The accident happened soon after sharp criticism of the government's handling of the Chilean earthquake and tsunami. Sebastián Piñera, the president of Chile, cut short an official trip to Colombia and returned to Chile in order to visit the mine.http://www.latercera.com/noticia/politica/2010/08/674-282431-9-pinera-vuelve-a-chile-y-viajara-a-zona-del-accidente-en-la-mina-san-jose.shtml Piñera vuelve a Chile y viajará a zona del accidente en la mina San José La Tercera 7 August 2010 es 12 October 2010 13 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110713185347/http://www.latercera.com/noticia/politica/2010/08/674-282431-9-pinera-vuelve-a-chile-y-viajara-a-zona-del-accidente-en-la-mina-san-jose.shtml dead Exploratory boreholes about 16 cm us in diameter were drilled in an attempt to find the miners."After 17 days, trapped Chilean miners send note they're alive" https://web.archive.org/web/20101017041406/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-08-22/world/chile.miners_1_miners-rescuers-rescue-workers?_s=PM%3AWORLD 17 October 2010 , CNN, 22 August 2010 Out-of-date mine shaft maps complicated rescue efforts, and several boreholes drifted off-targetLondon Daily Telegraph Camp Hope families wait in Chile's Atacama Desert for trapped miners https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7969542/Camp-Hope-families-wait-in-Chiles-Atacama-Desert-for-trapped-miners.html 28 August 2010 28 August 2010 Sherwell, Philip https://web.archive.org/web/20100830183614/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7969542/Camp-Hope-families-wait-in-Chiles-Atacama-Desert-for-trapped-miners.html 30 August 2010 live due to drilling depth and hard rock. On 19 August, one of the probes reached a space where the miners were believed to be trapped, but found no signs of life.https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67M0G820100823 Timeline: Trapped Chilean miners Reuters 22 August 2010 23 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100825154350/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67M0G820100823 25 August 2010 live thumb|alt=Image of hand written note in Spanish, reading "es "Estamos bien en el Refugio los 33"|Digital representation of the note sent by the miners (English: "We are well in the Refuge – the 33") On 22 August, the eighth borehole broke throughBrian McCullough (14 October 2010), "Chesco company proud to help with Chilean miner rescue" https://web.archive.org/web/20120301184509/http://www.pottsmerc.com/articles/2010/10/14/news/srv0000009663112.txt 1 March 2012 , The Mercury, Pennsylvania. at a depth of 688 m us, at a ramp near the shelter where the miners had taken refuge.http://www.lavoz.com.ar/noticias/sucesos/chile-sonda-llega-cerca-de-mineros-atrapados Chile: los 33 mineros están vivos, tras permanecer 17 días atrapados La Voz es 22 August 2010 23 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110706083316/http://www.lavoz.com.ar/noticias/sucesos/chile-sonda-llega-cerca-de-mineros-atrapados 6 July 2011 For days the miners had heard drills approaching and had prepared notes, which they attached to the tip of the drill with insulation tape when it poked into their space. They also tapped on the drill before it was withdrawn, and these taps could be heard on the surface.http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/24/2991575.htm?section=world Aussie drill expert called to Chile mine rescue ABC News (Australia) McMurtrie, Craig 24 August 2010 24 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100825071135/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/08/24/2991575.htm?section=world 25 August 2010 dead When the drill was withdrawn a note was attached to it: es "Estamos bien en el Refugio los 33" (English: "We are well in the Refuge – the 33"). The words became the motto of the miners' survival and the rescue effort, and appeared on websites, banners and T-shirts.https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67L1H620100822 Trapped Chile miners alive but long rescue ahead Reuters 22 August 2010 13 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100925100111/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67L1H620100822 25 September 2010 live Hours later, video cameras sent down the borehole captured the first grainy, black-and-white, silent images of the miners.Miners trapped in Chile mine for 17 days 'are alive' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11054376 BBC News 22 August 2010 22 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100823121245/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11054376 23 August 2010 live Survival thumb|alt=Partially out of focus, black and white video capture of first view of face of one of the trapped miners|First image captured by a video camera lowered down the borehole The trapped miners' emergency shelter had an area of 50 sqm us with two long benches, but ventilation problems had led them to move out into a tunnel. In addition to the shelter, they had access to some 2 km us of open tunnels in which they could move around and get some exercise or privacy.Chilean miners' families pitch up at Camp Hope https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/25/chilean-miners-families-camp-hope Franklin, Jonathan The Guardian London 25 August 2010 27 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100827031413/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/25/chilean-miners-families-camp-hope 27 August 2010 live Food supplies were severely limited, and each of the men had lost an average of 8 kg us by the time they were discovered.Chile secures lifeline to trapped miners, sends aid http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE67L1NU20100824 Soto, Alonso Reuters 24 August 2010 24 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100827222716/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE67L1NU20100824 27 August 2010 dead Although the emergency supplies stocked in the shelter were intended to last only two or three days, through careful rationing, the men made their meager resources last for two weeks, only running out just before they were discovered.Trapped Chile miners give video tour of confinement https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11106045 BBC News 27 August 2010 27 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100827190922/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11106045 27 August 2010 live After leaving the hospital, miner Mario Sepúlveda said, "All 33 trapped miners, practicing a one-man, one-vote democracy, worked together to maintain the mine, look for escape routes, and keep up morale. We knew that if society broke down, we would all be doomed. Each day a different person took a bad turn. Every time that happened, we worked as a team to try to keep the morale up." He also said that some of the older miners helped to support the younger men, but all have taken an oath of silence not to reveal certain details of what happened, particularly during the early weeks of desperation.Freed Chile miner Mario Sepulveda reveals darkest days https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8069092/PIX-AND-PUBLISH-Freed-miner-reveals-darkest-days.html 12 December 2022 The Daily Telegraph Reuters 17 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101111010453/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8069092/PIX-AND-PUBLISH-Freed-miner-reveals-darkest-days.html 11 November 2010 subscription Videos sent to the surface Shortly after their discovery, 28 of the 33 miners appeared in a 40-minute video recorded using a mini-camera delivered by the government via 1.5-metre-long (5 ft) blue plastic capsules called palomas ("doves", referring to their role as carrier pigeons). The footage showed most of the men in good spirits and reasonably healthy, though they had all lost weight.Alexei Barrionnuevo (27 August 2010), "Video of the Trapped Chilean Miners Stirs a Country's Emotions", The New York Times. The men appeared mainly bare-chested and bearded. They were all covered with a sheen of sweat due to the high heat and humidity of the mine at that depth. Several of the miners looked very thin, and some were camera-shy. The host, Sepúlveda, avoided specifics about the health of the men and used the vague term "complicated" to refer to their situation. He did, however, work to maintain an upbeat attitude, and insisted that things were looking brighter for the trapped men. The video generally portrays a positive, light atmosphere despite the grim circumstances. Leadership Foreman Luis Urzúa's level-headedness and gentle humor was credited with helping keep the miners under his charge focused on survival during their 70-day underground ordeal. Urzúa kept his cool in his first audio contact with officials on the surface, joking "it's been a bit of a long shift." He glossed over the hunger and despair he and his men felt, saying, "We're fine, waiting for you to rescue us."Jude Webber and John Paul Rathbone (15 October 2010), "Man in the News: Luis Urzúa", Financial Times, London,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/14/chile-miner-luis-urzua-interview Chile miners: Rescued foreman Luis Urzúa's first interview The Guardian Rory Carroll Rory Carroll Jonathan Franklin 14 October 2010 LondonChilean mine foreman works heroically to keep hope alive, Taipei Times, China, Jonathan Franklin, 7 September 2010Alexei Barrionuevo (31 August 2010), "Forging bonds to survive below Earth's surface" https://web.archive.org/web/20140323135826/http://www.heraldtribune.com/article/20100901/ARTICLE/9011051/2057/LIVING%26tc%3Domni?p=1&tc=pg 23 March 2014 , Herald-Tribune, US, Urzúa credited majority decision-making for the trapped men's good esprit de corps and dedication to their common goal. "You just have to speak the truth and believe in democracy", he said. "Everything was voted on; we were 33 men, so 16 plus one was a majority." Following the collapse of the mine on 5 August, Urzúa had dispatched men to find out what had happened and see if escape was possible, but they could not find an exit route. "We were trying to find out what we could do and what we could not", said Urzúa. "Then we had to figure out the food." Urzúa tried to instill a philosophical acceptance of fate so they could accept their situation and move on to embrace the essential tasks of survival. Key members of the trapped group Luis Urzúa (54), the shift foreman who immediately recognized the gravity of the situation and the difficulty of any rescue attempt. He gathered the men in a secure "refuge" then organized them and their meager resources to cope with a long-term survival situation. Sutton Robert I. Boss Luis Urzua and the Trapped Miners in Chile: A Classic Case of a Leadership, Performance, and Humanity Psychology Today 13 October 2010 6 September 2010 http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/work-matters/201009/boss-luis-urzua-and-the-trapped-miners-in-chile https://archive.today/20101016012441/http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/work-matters/201009/boss-luis-urzua-and-the-trapped-miners-in-chile 16 October 2010 live Just after the incident, he led three men to scout the tunnel. After confirming the situation, he made detailed maps of the area to aid the rescue effort. He directed the underground aspects of the rescue operation and coordinated closely with engineers on the surface over the teleconference links. Franklin Jonathan Luis Urzúa, the foreman keeping hope alive for Chile's trapped miners The Guardian London 13 October 2010 5 September 2010 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners https://web.archive.org/web/20101012101851/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/05/luis-urzua-chile-trapped-miners 12 October 2010 live Florencio Ávalos (31), second in command of the group, assisted Urzúa in organizing the men. Because of his experience, physical fitness and emotional stability, he was selected as the first miner to ride the rescue capsule to the surface in case of complications during the 15-minute ascent in the cramped shaft. Naturally shy, he served as the camera operator for videos sent up to the miners' families. He was trapped along with his younger brother Renan. Yonni Barrios (50), became the medic of the trapped miners due to his six months of training he took to care for his elderly mother. He served the group by monitoring their health and providing detailed medical reports to the team of doctors on the surface. His fellow miners jokingly referred to him as "Dr. House", an American TV medical drama character.Chile miners must move tons of rocks in own rescue https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100829/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/lt_chile_mine_collapse Prengaman, Peter Yahoo! News Associated Press 29 August 2010 13 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100905022454/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100829/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/lt_chile_mine_collapse 5 September 2010 dead Mario Gómez (63), the eldest miner, became the religious leader of the group, organizing a chapel with a shrine containing statues of saints as well as aiding counseling efforts by psychologists on the surface. José Henríquez (54), a preacher and a miner for 33 years, served as the miners' pastor and organized daily prayers. Mario Sepúlveda (40), served as the energetic host of the miners' video journals that were sent to the surface to reassure the world that they were doing well. The local media dubbed him "Super Mario" after the Super Mario Bros. video game for his energy, wit and humor."Súper Mario" Sepúlveda se convierte en estrella del rescate de los mineros https://web.archive.org/web/20110710175108/http://www.el-nacional.com/www/site/p_contenido.php?q=nodo/160022/Mundo/S%C3%BAper-Mario-Sep%C3%BAlveda-se-convierte-en-estrella-del-rescate-de-los-mineros 10 July 2011 El Nacional, 13 October 2010"El hermano de Mario Sepúlveda destacó el buen humor del minero" https://web.archive.org/web/20110708111116/http://www.cadena3.com/contenido/2010/10/14/63721.asp 8 July 2011 Cadena3, 14 October 2010 Ariel Ticona (29), served as the group's communications specialist, installing and maintaining the underground portion of the telephone and videoconferencing systems sent down by the surface team. Health of the trapped miners Miners' health issues during 2010 Copiapó mining accident thumb|alt=a color photograph of the topside opening of one of the two narrow tubes and hardware used to deliver supplies to the miners 2,000 feet below|Tube used to deliver supplies to the miners On 23 August, the first voice contact was made with the miners. Doctors reported that the miners had been provided with a 5% glucose solution and a drug to prevent stomach ulcers caused by food deprivation.http://www.radiobiobio.cl/2010/08/23/mineros-confirman-que-estan-en-perfecto-estado-de-salud-tras-contacto-por-citofono/ CMineros confirman que están en perfecto estado de salud tras contacto por citófono Radio BioBio es 23 August 2010 23 August 2010 Material was sent down the mine in palomas, which took an hour to reach the miners.Trapped Chile miners receive food and water https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11064687 BBC News 23 August 2010 23 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100823194527/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11064687 23 August 2010 liveMSNBC Chile miners face four-month wait for rescue https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna38807555 24 August 2010 23 August 2010 Associated Press https://archive.today/20121208161254/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38807555/ns/world_news-americas/38813447 8 December 2012 live Delivery of solid food began a few days later.NASA helping in historic rescue of trapped Chilean miners https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/27/AR2010082704867.html Franklin, Jonathan The Washington Post 27 August 2010 27 August 2010 Relatives were permitted to write letters, but were asked to keep them optimistic. Out of concern for their morale, rescuers were initially reluctant to tell the miners that in the worst-case scenario, the rescue might take months, with an eventual extraction date close to Christmas. However, on 25 August, the trapped men were fully briefed on the projected timeline for their rescue and the complexity of the plans involved. The mining minister later reported that the men took the potentially negative news very well.Chile's trapped miners told rescue could take months https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11092343 BBC News 25 August 2010 25 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100826035126/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11092343 26 August 2010 live Rescue workers and consultants described the miners as a very disciplined group. Psychologists and doctors worked alongside the rescue teams to ensure the miners were kept busy and mentally focused. The men below ground confirmed their ability to contribute to the rescue operation, saying "There are a large number of professionals who are going to help in the rescue efforts from down here."Chile miners give video tour of cave https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7968125/Chile-miners-give-video-tour-of-cave.html Laing, Aislinn Nick Allen London Daily Telegraph 27 August 2010 27 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100830132140/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/7968125/Chile-miners-give-video-tour-of-cave.html 30 August 2010 live Psychologists believed that the miners should have a role in their own destiny as it was important to maintain motivation and optimism.Gael Favennec (11 October 2010), "Daily rigors of underground life to end for Chile miners", AsiaOne News, AFPFiona Govan "Trapped miners form micro-society to keep them sane", The Daily Telegraph, London, 3 September 2010Victor Herrero To relieve miners' hell: Latrine, books, antidepressants?, USA Today, 26 August 2010 Sanitation became an important issue in the hot, humid environment underground, and the miners took steps to maintain hygiene throughout their ordeal. "They know how to maintain their environment. They have a designated bathroom area, garbage area and are even recycling," said Dr Andrés Llarena, an anesthesiologist with the Chilean navy. "They put plastic stuff away from biological [wastes], in different holes. They are taking care of their place." The men used a natural waterfall for regular showers and received soap and shampoo from the palomas, while dirty laundry was sent out. They dug out several fresh water sources which doctors determined to be potable and were provided water purification tablets as well.Jonathan Franklin Chilean miners: A typical day in the life of a subterranean miner, The Guardian, 9 September 2010 Environmental and safety issues were also a primary concern. Jimmy Sánchez, the youngest of the group at 19, was assigned as the "environmental assistant", and tested the air quality daily with a hand-held computerized device that measured oxygen, carbon dioxide levels and air temperature that normally averaged 31 °C (88 °F). Teams of miners also patrolled their area to identify and prevent potential rockfalls and pry loose hazardous stones from the ceiling, while others worked to divert the streams of water from the drilling operations. Chilean Health Minister Jaime Mañalich stated, "The situation is very similar to the one experienced by astronauts who spend months on end in the International Space Station."Get us out of underground 'hell,' Chile miners plead https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hHejkzmj_dWqXSObe-VR3LGdt9ag Agence France-Presse 25 August 2010 25 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100829152521/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hHejkzmj_dWqXSObe-VR3LGdt9ag 29 August 2010 dead On 31 August, a team from NASA in the United States arrived in Chile to provide assistance. The team included two physicians, one psychologist, and an engineer.NASA Provides Assistance to Trapped Chilean Miners http://www.nasa.gov/news/chile_assistance.html NASA 1 September 2010 2 September 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100904121621/http://www.nasa.gov/news/chile_assistance.html 4 September 2010 live After the rescue, Rodrigo Figueroa, chief of the Trauma Stress and Disaster unit of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, said there were serious shortcomings in the censorship of letters to and from miners' relatives above ground and in the monitoring of activities they could undertake, as being underground had suddenly turned them back into "babies." Nevertheless, the natural strength of "the 33" kept them alive, and their natural organization into teams as a response to disaster was also part of the innate human response to threat. Figueroa went on to say that as the miners' sound minds had seen them through, they would continue to be tested as they resumed life above ground.March 2011Kara Frantzich and Ricardo Pommer, "Miners' Rescue In Chile: An Inspiring Note: We're OK, All 33", The Santiago Times. Tent city and the families es Campamento Esperanza (Camp Hope) was a tent city that sprang up in the desert as word of the mine's collapse spread. At first, relatives gathered at the mine entrance and slept in cars as they waited and prayed for word on the rescue operation's progress. As days turned into weeks, friends brought them tents and other camping supplies to provide shelter from the harsh desert climate. The encampment grew with the arrival of more friends and relatives, additional rescue and construction workers, and members of the media. Government ministers held regular briefings for the families and journalists at the camp. "We're not going to abandon this camp until we go out with the last miner left", said María Segovia, "There are 33 of them, and one is my brother".Federico Quilodrán (AP) Dinner for Chile miners – 2 spoonfuls of tuna, MSNBC.com, 24 August 2010Reygadas Children "Chile miners: Family's diary", BBC News, August to October 2010 Many members of the miners' families at Camp Hope were devout Catholics who prayed almost constantly for the men. https://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFN1411723720101014?sp=true https://web.archive.org/web/20120905185636/http://af.reuters.com/article/metalsNews/idAFN1411723720101014?sp=true dead 5 September 2012 Reuters Joyous families end long vigil at Chile's 'Camp Hope' 14 October 2010 28 May 2011 As they waited, worried families erected memorials to the trapped men, lit candles and prayed. On a nearby hill overlooking the mine, the families placed 32 Chilean and one Bolivian flag to represent their stranded men. Small shrines were erected at the foot of each flag and amongst the tents, they placed pictures of the miners, religious icons and statues of the Virgin Mary and patron saints. http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/09/faith-plays-key-role-for-trapped-chilean-miners-families/ CNN Faith plays key role for trapped Chilean miners, families 9 September 2010 28 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110708171410/http://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/09/09/faith-plays-key-role-for-trapped-chilean-miners-families/ 8 July 2011 dead María Segovia, the elder sister of drill operator Darío Segovia, became known as es La Alcaldesa (the Mayoress) for her organizational skills and outspokenness.Vanessa Buschschluter High heels and hairdos: Chile countdown begins, BBC News, 11 October 2010 As the families became more organized, the government took steps to provide some comforts, eventually providing a more private area for the relatives to avoid constant interrogation by the energetic press corps. Infrastructure such as a kitchen, canteen area, sanitary facilities and security were later added. Bulletin boards sprouted up and the local government established shuttle bus stops. Over time a school house and children's play zones were built while volunteers worked to help feed the families. Clowns entertained the children and organizations provided emotional and spiritual comfort to the waiting families.Moises Avila Roldan "Miners no longer in dark: rescue months away", Sydney Morning Herald, 27 August 2010 Police and soldiers were brought in from Santiago to help maintain order and security with some patrolling the desert perimeter on horseback. In many respects the camp gradually grew into a small city.Simon Romero,Humanity Is Drawn to Scene of Rescue, The New York Times, 12 October 2010Matthew Moffett https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB20001424052748704147804575455511399879190 Underground Dreams: Beer, Hugs and Weddings The Wall Street Journal 28 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20121111104431/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB20001424052748704147804575455511399879190.html 11 November 2012 Rescue plans Exploratory boreholes were used to locate the trapped miners, with several of these subsequently used to supply the men. The Chilean government developed a comprehensive rescue plan modeled on the successful 2002 US Quecreek Mine rescue, itself based on the 1963 German Wunder von Lengede rescue operation. Both previous rescues had used a "rescue pod" or capsule to winch trapped miners to the surface one by one. Chilean rescue crews planned to use at least three drilling technologies to create bore holes wide enough to raise the miners in custom-designed rescue pods as quickly as possible. Henry Laas – managing director of Murray & Roberts Cementation, one of the companies involved in the rescue operation – said that "the mine is old and there is concern of further collapses", and that "the rescue methodology therefore has to be carefully designed and implemented."Dominique Farrell and Dustin Zarnikow, "Miners's Recue In Chile: An Unprecendent Rescue Begins", The Santiago Times. Drilling plans Drilling results final distance bored in meters (m) 598 702 Plan A, Strata 950 100% 20 yes yellow black red yes624 624 Plan B, Schramm T130 100% 20 yes green black white yes372 597 Plan C, RIG-421 100% 20 yes yellow black red yes Three large escape boreholes were drilled concurrently using several types of equipment provided by multiple international corporations and based on three different access strategies. When the first (and only) escape shaft reached the miners, the three plans in operation were: Plan A, the Strata 950 (702 meter target depth at 90°) Plan B, the Schramm T130XD (638 meter target depth at 82°) was the first to reach the miners Plan C, a RIG-421 drill (597 meter target depth at 85°)Page 5, San José Mine Rescue Operation presentation, Ministry of Mining, Republic of Chile Plan A Plan A used an Australian built Strata 950 model raise borerModel 950 Strata Raisebore Machine – Drill Rig Specifications PDF https://web.archive.org/web/20100826235240/http://www.ruc.com.au/docs/950_specs.pdf 26 August 2010 , RUC Cementation Mining Contractors, (English) type drilling rig often used to create circular shafts between two levels of a mine without using explosives. Provided by South African mining company Murray & Roberts, the drill had recently finished creating a shaft for Codelco's Andina copper mine in Chile and was immediately transferred to the San José Mine. Since it weighed 31 ST MT us, the drill had to be shipped in pieces on a large truck convoy. The Strata 950 was the first of the three drills to begin boring an escape shaft. If the pilot hole had been completed, further drilling would have caused rock debris to fall down the hole, requiring the miners to remove several tons of debris.Adrian Brown (26 August 2010), "Rescuers face tough challenge to save Chile miners", BBC News.Rescuers face tough challenge to save Chile miners https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11089726 Brown, Adrian BBC News 26 August 2010 27 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100826200714/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11089726 26 August 2010 live Plan B This drill team was the first to reach the trapped miners with an escape shaft. Plan B involved a Schramm Inc. T130XD air core drill owned by Geotec S.A. (a Chilean-American joint venture drilling company) that was chosen by Drillers Supply SA (the general contractor of Plan B) to widen one of the three 14 centimetre (5.5 in) boreholes that were already keeping the miners supplied with palomas. Normally, the drills are used to drill top holes for the oil and gas industry and for mineral exploration and water wells. This system employed Chilean Drillers Supply SA (DSI) personnel, Mijali Proestakis G.M. and Partner, Igor Proestakis Tech Mgr, Greg Hall C.E.O. (who joined his team on site for the last eight days of drilling) and their 18-centimetre (7 in) drill pipe air core drill, a team of American drillers from Layne Christensen Company and specialized Down-The-Hole drilling hammers from Center Rock, Inc., of Berlin, Pennsylvania. Center Rock's president and personnel from DSI Chile were present on-site for the 33 days of drilling. While the Schramm rig, built by privately held Schramm, Inc. of West Chester, Pennsylvania, was already on the ground in Chile at the time of the mine collapse, additional drilling equipment was flown from the United States to Chile by United Parcel Service. The percussion-technology hammer drill can drill at more than 40 m ft us a day by using four hammers instead of one.Center Rock Drill Breaks Through to Trapped Chilean Miners http://www.forconstructionpros.com/print/Equipment-Today/Featured-Equipment-Today-Online-Articles/Center-Rock-Drill-Breaks-Through-to-Trapped-Chilean-Miners/5FCP18070 For Construction Pros Cygnus 11 October 2010 13 October 2010Schramm Airdrill T130XD Rig Specifications PDF https://web.archive.org/web/20120804210537/http://www.airdrill.com.au/images/Airdrill_SchrammT130XD.pdf 4 August 2012 , Schramm Inc.Zain Shauk 14 October 2010 http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/7246077.html Cypress driller's plan helped end miners' ordeal early Houston Chronicle Texas 4 April 2018 The Schramm T-130 was directed to bore toward the workshop, a space that was accessible by the miners. The T-130 became operational on 5 September and worked in three stages. First, it needed to enlarge the 14-centimetre (5.5 in) hole to a 30-centimetre (12 in) hole. It then needed to drill the 30-centimetre (12 in) hole into a 71 centimetre (28 in) diameter hole. "If we tried to drill from a 14-centimetre (5.5 in) hole to a 71-centimetre (28 in) hole, the torque would be too high and it would ... put the drill bits under too much pressure," said Schramm, Inc. Latin American Regional Manager, Claudio Soto. However by reusing the same hole, there was still added pressure on the drill. Delays occurred because of issues with the neck of the drills caused by the angle of the drilling. Rescuers were unable to drill vertically since that would require placing the heavy rig on the unstable ground where the cave-in had happened, and the rescuers also had to avoid drilling into the production tunnels above the shelter. Soto added, during the rescue, "It's a difficult hole. It's curved and deep. The hard rock has proven to be abrasive and has worn out the steel of the drill." Plan C Plan C involved a Canadian-made RIG-421 oil drilling rig operated by Calgary-based Precision Drilling Corporation. It was the last drill to be added to the rescue process and went into operation on 19 September. The rig, normally used for oil and gas well drilling, could theoretically drill a wide enough escape shaft in a single pass without a pilot hole. RIG-421 is a 43 m ft us tall Diesel-Electric Triple, which needed 40 truckloads to bring its components from Iquique, Chile, to Copiapó. Chosen for the rescue operation because it can drill large holes deep into the ground and is faster than mining drills,Precision Drilling Corpora. RIG 421 Specifications PDF https://web.archive.org/web/20110715111754/http://www.precisiondrilling.com/files/PD-Backgrounder.pdf 15 July 2011 , Precision Drilling this plan suffered major setbacks due to the difficulty of aiming a large drill at such a small target. Furthermore, the hardness of the rock caused the drill bit to wander from its intended course and it then needed to be removed, resized and repositioned, slowing drilling progress. By comparison, the drills for Plan A and Plan B could be re-aimed while still in the hole. Many family members of the miners initially had high hopes for this rig, but it was forced to reduce its drill size and so lagged behind the other attempts.https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/canadian-effort-to-reach-trapped-chilean-miners-lagging/article1744464 Canadian effort to reach trapped Chilean miners lagging The Globe and Mail 5 October 2010 18 October 2010 Toronto https://web.archive.org/web/20101009195626/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/canadian-effort-to-reach-trapped-chilean-miners-lagging/article1744464 9 October 2010 liveCanadian drillers content with losing race to reach Chilean miners – for the most part, The Globe and Mail, Toronto, 10 October 2010 Drilling results At 08:05 CLDT on 9 October 2010, Plan B's Schramm T130XD was the first to reach the trapped miners."La perforadora llegó al refugio donde se encuentran los mineros", La Nación, 9 October 2010. By 8 October, the Plan A Strata 950's pilot hole had reached only 598 702 of the required depth (598 m us), and had not yet started widening its shaft. Plan C's RIG-421, the only machine at the site able to drill a wide enough escape shaft without a pilot hole, reached 372 m us (372 597).http://www.minmineria.gov.cl/574/w3-article-8648.html Estado del operativo de rescate Ministerio de Minería Gobierno de Chile 8 October 2010 28 May 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010743/http://www.minmineria.gov.cl/574/w3-article-8648.html 7 July 2011 The rescue operation was an international effort that involved not only technology, but the cooperation and resources of companies and individuals from around the world, including Latin America, South Africa, Australia, the United States and Canada. NASA specialists helped develop a sophisticated health agenda. Though international participation was critical to success, overall, it was a Chilean-led team effort. As one NASA specialist said during a visit early on in the rescue: "The Chileans are basically writing the book." Reaction to the 2010 Copiapó mining accident#Governments International Government Participation Reaction to the 2010 Copiapó mining accident#Corporate International Corporate Participation Extraction plans Fénix rescue capsule Fénix capsules thumb|alt=A color diagram depicting the capsule with a miner and text describing the features of the pod |Diagram of the rescue capsule "Fénix" class and the miner equipment used in the Copiapó accident of 2010 rescue. While the three drilling operations progressed, technicians worked on building the rescue capsules that would eventually carry the miners to safety.http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/americas/news/article_1590593.php/BACKGROUND-Phoenix-to-pull-Chilean-miners-out-of-the-dark 'Phoenix' to pull Chilean miners out of the dark https://web.archive.org/web/20101013212911/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/americas/news/article_1590593.php/BACKGROUND-Phoenix-to-pull-Chilean-miners-out-of-the-dark 13 October 2010 Monsters and Critics 11 October 2010 Several media organizations produced illustrations of the capsules' basic design.https://abcnews.go.com/meta/search/imageDetail?format=plain&source=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fimages%2FInternational%2F41eb84ca39dc4a2d824e02173f1ac0f9 Fénix 2 Rescue Capsule, side view, opened (Online Graphic) ABC News 14 September 2010<ref name=capsuletopview>{{cite news | url=https://abcnews.go.com/meta/search/imageDetail?format=plain&source=http%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fimages%2FBusiness%2F3b7bc91554324d38aec4208ee4964c47 | title=Fénix 2''' Rescue Capsule, top view, opened (Online Graphic) | work=ABC News | date=14 September 2010}}</ref>Images and description of the Fénix 2 BBC News Online Graphic, 12 October 2010 The steel rescue capsules, dubbed Fénix (English: Phoenix), were constructed by the Chilean shipbuilding company Astilleros y Maestranzas de la Armada (ASMAR) with design input from NASA. The navy incorporated most of NASA's suggestions and produced three rescue pods: Fénix 1, 2 and 3, all enhanced versions of the Dahlbusch Bomb used for mine rescue. Fénix 1 was presented to journalists and the miners' relatives for their assessment.Parker Laura To Design Miners' Escape Pod, NASA Thought Small http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/nasa-engineer-clinton-cragg-thought-small-to-design-rescue-capsule-for-chilean-miners/19667140 AOL News 10 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101011090743/http://www.aolnews.com/world/article/nasa-engineer-clinton-cragg-thought-small-to-design-rescue-capsule-for-chilean-miners/19667140 11 October 2010 dead http://www.theengineer.co.uk/design-engineering/news/nasa-designed-capsule-helps-free-chilean-miners/1005467.article NASA-designed capsule helps free Chilean miners 13 October 2010 The Engineer 13 October 2010 14 March 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120314020353/http://www.theengineer.co.uk/design-engineering/news/nasa-designed-capsule-helps-free-chilean-miners/1005467.article dead The eventual capsule used to rescue the 33 men was the Fénix 2, a device 54 cm in us in diameter, narrow enough to avoid hitting the sides of the tunnel. It had retractable wheels to allow for a smoother ride to the surface, an oxygen supply, lighting, video and voice communications, a reinforced roof to protect against rock falls, and an escape hatch with a safety device to allow the passenger to lower himself back down if the capsule became stuck.Chile miners: Engineers unveil 21 ins wide rescue capsule https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8002241/Chile-miners-engineers-unveil-21ins-wide-rescue-capsule.html Govan, Fiona London Daily Telegraph 14 September 2010 17 September 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100917130714/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8002241/Chile-miners-engineers-unveil-21ins-wide-rescue-capsule.html 17 September 2010 live Preparations for extraction Although drilling finished on 9 October 2010, Laurence Golborne, Chilean Minister of Mining, announced that the rescue operation was not expected to begin before 12 October due to the complex preparatory work required on both the escape shaft and the extraction system site."Chile mine rescue bid nears completion" Financial Times, 8 October 2010. These tasks included a borehole inspection to determine how much of the shaft needed casing to prevent rockfalls from jamming the escape capsule. Depending on the shaft casing requirement, installation of the requisite steel pipes could take up to 96 hours. After that, a large concrete platform for the winching rig to raise and lower the capsule had to be poured while the winching rig required assembly. Finally, thorough testing of the capsule and winching system together was required. Golborne also indicated he expected only the first 100 – 200 m us of the shaft to be cased, a task that could be performed in only 10 hours.http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1312964 El histórico rescate de los mineros arrancará el martes próximo La Nación On-Line 7 October 2010 28 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20101011085810/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1312964 11 October 2010 live In the end, only the first 56 m us were deemed to require casing. Assembly of a safe lifting system took an additional 48 hours.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11509039 Evacuation of Chile miners 'likely to start Wednesday' BBC News 10 October 2010 11 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101011043953/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11509039 11 October 2010 live Shortly before the extraction phase began, Golborne told reporters that rescuers estimated it would take about an hour to bring each miner to the surface. He therefore expected the lifting phase of the rescue operation to take up to 48 hours.Chile escape mine shaft lining 'completed' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11512355 British Broadcasting Corporation BBC News 11 October 2010 12 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101012150327/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11512355 12 October 2010 live Rescue operation San Lorenzo thumb|alt=Picture of the first rescuer with the Chilean President and fellow rescue workers before entering the rescue capsuleále|Manuel González, the first rescuer, preparing to descend The rescue effort to retrieve the miners began on Tuesday, 12 October at 19:00 CLT. Dubbed es Operación San Lorenzo (Operation St. Lawrence) after the patron saint of miners,"Operation St. Lawrence a success, all 33 Chilean miners saved", Asia News, 14 October 2010"DJ First Of Trapped Chile Miners Returns To Surface In Rescue Ops" https://web.archive.org/web/20110717083231/http://www.news.tradingcharts.com/futures/7/6/146842267.html 17 July 2011 , 12 October 2010 a three-hour initial delay ensued while final safety tests were carried out. At 23:18 CLT, the first rescuer, Manuel González, an experienced rescue expert and employee of Codelco, was lowered into the mine."Chile Rescue: First miners out after 69 days underground" https://web.archive.org/web/20101016045335/http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/chile-rescue-first-miners-out-after-69-days-undergorund/story-e6frg12c-1225938259664 16 October 2010  – Perth Now – Copyright 2010 – The Sunday Times, 13 October 2010 During the 18-minute descent, the waiting families and surface rescue team members sang the es Canción Nacional, Chile's national anthem. González arrived in the collapsed mine and made contact with the miners at 23:36. Extraction Although Chilean officials played down the risks of the rescue, the miners still needed to be alert during the ascent in case of problems. As a result, and according to the rescue plan, the first four men to be brought up the narrow shaft were those "deemed the fittest of body and mind".Frank Bajak and Vivian Sequera, with contributions from Michael Warren and Eva Vergara Nearly half of the miners now free in Chile rescueJune 2024 medicmedic Associated Press, 13 October 2010; Retrieved 16 October 2010 Thereafter they would be best placed to inform the rescue team about conditions on the journey and report on the remaining miners. Once the four men had surfaced, the rescues proceeded in order of health, with the least healthy brought up from the mine first. http://newsofap.com/newsofap-27055-26-chile-eleventh-miner-jorge-galleguillos-rescued.html Chile : Eleventh miner, Jorge Galleguillos, rescued 13 October 2010 NewsofAP.com 13 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101019002323/http://www.newsofap.com/newsofap-27055-26-chile-eleventh-miner-jorge-galleguillos-rescued.html 19 October 2010 dead Procedure Six hours before the rescue, each miner switched to a liquid diet rich in sugars, minerals, and potassium.http://www.lanacion.cl/mineros-comienzan-ayuno-6-horas-antes-del-rescate/noticias/2010-10-11/143649.html Mineros comienzan ayuno 6 horas antes del rescate LaNacion.cl 11 October 2010 18 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101014181929/http://www.lanacion.cl/mineros-comienzan-ayuno-6-horas-antes-del-rescate/noticias/2010-10-11/143649.html 14 October 2010 dead Each took an aspirin to help avert blood clots,Nathan Crooks and Randy Woods (11 October 2010), "Trapped Chile Miners Eat NASA Diet, Prepare for Rescue" Bloomberg, retrieved 18 October 2010 and wore a girdle to stabilize blood pressure. The miners also received moisture-resistant coveralls"Amigos, Welcome Back from Hell – Tears and cheers greet Chilean miners rescued after 68 days" https://web.archive.org/web/20101016074354/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/amigos_welcome_back_from_hell_gEBMzxKf9WVBnZfxSmSWAK 16 October 2010 New York Post, 13 October 2010, page 4. and sunglasseshttps://www.foxnews.com/tech/sports-sunglasses-can-aid-chilean-miners-transition Sports Sunglasses Can Aid Chilean Miners' Transition Associated Press Fox News Channel 13 October 2010 14 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101016161607/http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/10/13/sports-sunglasses-aim-ease-miners-transition/ 16 October 2010 live to protect against the sudden exposure to sunlight. The capsule included oxygen masks, heart monitors, and video cameras. After a miner was strapped into the 21 in cm us wide capsule, it ascended about 1 m/s mph us, taking 9 to 18 minutes to reach the surface. Piñera was present for each arrival during the 24-hour rescue. After an alertness check, a miner would be taken by stretcher to a field hospital for initial evaluation; none needed immediate treatment. Later they were taken by helicopter to Copiapó Hospital, 60 km mi us away, for 24 to 48 hours of observation. Rescue thumb|alt=Color image of the mining leader and the Chilean President leading rescue workers in a rendition of the Chilean anthem.|Urzúa celebrates with Piñera The original plan called for two rescue workers to descend into the mine before bringing the first miner to the surface. However, to avoid delay, rescuers decided to bring a miner to the surface in the returning capsule that had taken González down. An "empty" trial run had taken place the previous day, with the capsule stopping just 15 m ft us before the end of the shaft."Trial lowering of rescue capsule is a success" https://archive.today/20120728110130/http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/national_world/stories/2010/10/12/trial-lowering-of-rescue-capsule-is-a-success.html 28 July 2012 , The Columbus Dispatch, 12 October 2010; Retrieved 17 October 2010 15 minutes later, after a further safety check, miner Florencio Ávalos began his ascent from the mine. TV cameras both inside the mine and on the surface captured the event and broadcast it worldwide. Urzúa was the last to ascend. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/08/trapped-chilean-miners-shaft-nears London The Guardian Sam Jones Jonathan Franklin Trapped Chilean miners: rescue teams hope to start evacuation by Tuesday 8 October 2010 28 May 2011 Each transit of the capsule, whether up or down, was projected to take 15 minutes,http://uk.news.yahoo.com/5/20101012/twl-live-chile-miners-rescue-begins-soon-3fd0ae9.html Live: Chile Miners Rescue Begins Soon Sky News 13 October 2010 16 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101015055147/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/5/20101012/twl-live-chile-miners-rescue-begins-soon-3fd0ae9.html 15 October 2010 giving a total time of 33 hours for the rescue operation. In practice, after the capsule's first few transits, it became apparent that the trip might be shorter than the projected 15 minutes, and each rescue cycle should take less than 1 hour. As the eighteenth miner was brought to the surface, Chilean Mining Minister Laurence Golborne stated, "We have advanced at a faster time than we originally planned. I foresee we might conclude the whole operation before tonight."Chung Alison Couzens Jo Williams David Live: Great Escape Of All 33 Chilean Miners http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Mine-Rescue-Begins-Operation-To-Pull-Trapped-Chilean-Miners-To-Safety-Under-Way/Article/201010215757107?lpos=World_News_News_Your_Way_Region_6&lid=NewsYourWay_ARTICLE_15757107_Chile_Mine_Rescue_Begins%3A_Operation_To_Pull_Trapped_Chilean_Miners_To_Safety_Under_Way 12 December 2022 Sky News 14 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101016132120/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Chile-Mine-Rescue-Begins-Operation-To-Pull-Trapped-Chilean-Miners-To-Safety-Under-Way/Article/201010215757107?lpos=World_News_News_Your_Way_Region_6&lid=NewsYourWay_ARTICLE_15757107_Chile_Mine_Rescue_Begins%3A_Operation_To_Pull_Trapped_Chilean_Miners_To_Safety_Under_Way 16 October 2010 After stepping free from the rescuers and greeting his son, Urzúa embraced Piñera, saying, "I've delivered to you this shift of workers, as we agreed I would." The president replied, "I gladly receive your shift, because you completed your duty, leaving last like a good captain." Piñera went on to say, "You are not the same after this, and Chile won't be the same either."Tim Padgett (14 October 2010), "How the Miners Have Won Respect for Chile's Workers", Time. A large Chilean flag that had hung in the mine chamber during the rescue was brought up by Luis Urzúa. Once all the miners had been extracted, the rescuers in the mine chamber displayed a banner reading es "Misión cumplida Chile" ("Mission accomplished Chile")."Fin del rescate de los mineros: una epopeya con final feliz" BBC News Mundo-Noticias, 14 October 2010 Manuel González was the first rescuer down and the last up, spending 25 hours 14 minutes in the mine. Rescuers needing to sleep did so in the mine to avoid tying up the capsule on rescue-delaying journeys to the surface. When the last rescuer surfaced, Piñera covered the top of the rescue shaft with a metal lid. Altogether, Fénix 2 made 39 round trips, traveling a total distance of about 50 km mi us.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-latin-america-11539784 Lid is placed on Chile mine shaft BBC News 14 October 2010 14 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101017023737/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11539784 17 October 2010 live Order of miners and rescuers thumb|alt=Slightly grainy color video capture image of the six rescuers displaying the famous "Mision Cumplida Chile" sign deep within San José Mine near Copiapo, Chile |Six rescuers with sign reading Mision Cumplida CHILE ("Mission accomplished CHILE")https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/misin-cumplida-chilean-miners-ordeal-comes-to-an-end-2106156.html Misión cumplida: Chilean miners' ordeal comes to an end Adams Guy Independent.co.uk 13 October 2010 21 August 2017 25 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150925182851/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/misin-cumplida-chilean-miners-ordeal-comes-to-an-end-2106156.html dead Before the rescue, the trapped miners were divided into three groups to determine their exit order. From first to last these were: es "hábiles" (skilled), es "débiles" (weak) and es "fuertes" (strong)."Hora y nombres definidos para el rescate" El País, 12 October 2010 This grouping was based on the theory that the first men to exit should be those more skilled and in the best physical condition, as they would be better equipped to escape unaided in the event of a capsule malfunction or shaft collapse. They were also thought more able to communicate clearly any other problems to the surface rescue team. The second group included miners with medical problems, older men, and those with psychological issues. The final group comprised the most mentally tough, as they had to be able to endure the anxiety of the wait;Rescate mineros chilenos llega a fase final antes de lo previsto Prensa Libre 13 October 2010 in the words of Minister Mañalich, "they don't care to stay another 24 hours inside the mine". The leaving order was as shown below: Rescued minersOrderNameAge https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11170852 BBC News Jubilation as Chile mine rescue ends 13 October 2010 28 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110518233756/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11170852 18 May 2011 liveTime (CLDT)Cycle timehttps://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/9086813.stm As it happened: Chile mine rescue BBC News 13 October 2010 18 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101018194617/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/9086813.stm 18 October 2010 liveCommentsNick Allen Chile miners rescue: profiles of the 33 men, London Daily Telegraph, 12 October 20101Florencio Ávalos3113 October 00:110:51Recorded video footage to be sent up to families on the surface. He had helped to get his brother Renan a job in the mine.2Mario Sepúlveda4013 October 01:101:00An electrical specialist known as "the presenter" because he acted as a spokesman and guide on videos that the miners made. He ended one video with "Over to you in the studio."3Juan Andrés Illanes5213 October 02:070:57A former Chilean Army corporal who served in the Beagle Conflict, a border dispute with neighboring Argentina.4Carlos Mamani2413 October 03:111:04The only Bolivian among the 33, a heavy machinery operator who moved to Chile a decade prior to the incident.5Jimmy Sánchez1913 October 04:111:00Given the responsibility of checking air quality"Chilean miners: A typical day in the life of a subterranean miner", The Guardian, 9 September 2010. and the youngest man trapped. He had only been a miner for five months and had just had a baby daughter.6Osmán Araya3013 October 05:351:24In a video message he told his wife and baby daughter Britany: "I will fight to the end to be with you."7José Ojeda46 13 October 06:220:47Penned the famous note es "Estamos bien en el Refugio, los 33" (English: "We are well in the Refuge – the 33"), which was discovered attached to a probe 17 days after the mine collapse."Message which brought hope now copyright of Chile miner", BBC News, 20 October 2010 He is a grandfather who suffers from kidney problems and has been on medication for diabetes.8Claudio Yáñez3413 October 07:040:42A drill operator. His longtime partner Cristina Núñez accepted his marriage proposal while he was underground.9Mario Gómez63*13 October 08:000:56The eldest of the trapped miners, he had been thinking of retiring that November. (Note: *Multiple reliable sources have reported his age as between 60 and 65.) He died on 21 September 2024 at the age of 74 due to an illness. https://www.publimetro.cl/noticias/2024/09/21/a-los-74-anos-de-edad-muere-uno-de-los-33-mineros-rescatados-de-la-mina-san-jose-el-2010/ Publimetro A los 74 años de edad muere uno de los 33 mineros rescatados de la mina San José el 2010 21 September 2024 22 September 2024 es10Álex Vega3113 October 08:530:53Suffers from kidney problems and hypertension. Had worked in the mine for nine years.11Jorge Galleguillos5613 October 09:310:38Suffers from hypertension.12Edison Peña3413 October 10:130:42The group's song leader, he requested that Elvis Presley songs be sent down the mine. The fittest miner, he had reportedly been running 10 km us a day while underground. He ran in the New York City Marathon in 2010Chilean miner wins NY hearts by finishing marathon https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-marathon-miner-idUSTRE6A62N320101107 Reuters 7 November 2010 7 November 2011 Fine Larry and 2011,http://www.northjersey.com/news/Chilean_miner_Pena_drops_out_of_NYC_Marathon.html Chilean miner Pena drops out of NYC Marathon Associated Press 6 November 2011 7 November 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140203185617/http://www.northjersey.com/news/Chilean_miner_Pena_drops_out_of_NYC_Marathon.html 3 February 2014 and the Tokyo Marathon in February 2011.13Carlos Barrios2713 October 10:550:42A part-time miner who also drives a taxi and likes horse racing. He was said to be unhappy with interference from psychologists.14Víctor Zamora3313 October 11:320:37A mechanic who only went into the mine on the day of the collapse to fix a vehicle. He was also in the 2010 Chile earthquake.15Víctor Segovia4813 October 12:080:36An electrician and father of four who told his family: "This hell is killing me. When I sleep I dream we are in an oven."16Daniel Herrera2713 October 12:500:42Truck driver, was given the role of medical assistant in the mine.17Omar Reygadas5613 October 13:390:49A bulldozer operator whose children kept a diary of their life above ground shown on BBC News.18Esteban Rojas4413 October 14:491:10Told his longtime partner Jessica Yáñez that he would marry her in a church as soon as he got out.19Pablo Rojas4513 October 15:280:39He had worked in the mine for less than six months when the accident happened. His brother Esteban was trapped with him.20Darío Segovia4813 October 15:590:31A drill operator, he is the son of a miner, and his father was once trapped for a week underground. His sister María led prayers at Camp Hope, the makeshift settlement that sprang up at the mine's entrance.21Yonni Barrios5013 October 16:310:32Served as the group medic and supervised their medical care.22Samuel Ávalos4313 October 17:040:33A father-of-three who had worked in the mine for five months.23Carlos Bugueño2713 October 17:330:29Friends with fellow trapped miner Pedro Cortez.24José Henríquez5413 October 17:590:26A preacher who has worked in mining for 33 years, he had become the miners' pastor and organized daily prayers.25Renán Ávalos2913 October 18:240:25Trapped along with his older brother Florencio.26Claudio Acuña4413 October 18:510:27Had his birthday in the mine on 9 September.27Franklin Lobos5313 October 19:180:27A former football player known as the "magic mortar".28Richard Villarroel2713 October 19:450:27A mechanic who had worked in the mine for two years.29Juan Carlos Aguilar4913 October 20:130:28A married father of one.30Raúl Bustos4013 October 20:370:24A hydraulics engineer who was in the February 2010 Chile earthquake. He moved north, finding work at the mine to support his wife and two children.31Pedro Cortez2613 October 21:020:25Went to school near the mine. He and his friend Carlos Bugueño, who was also trapped, started work there at the same time.32Ariel Ticona2913 October 21:300:28The group's communications specialist. His wife gave birth to a daughter on 14 Sep and he watched the arrival on video. He named his daughter Esperanza, which means "Hope".33Luis Urzúa5413 October 21:550:25The shift foreman, known as Don Lucho by other miners, took a leading role while they were trapped and made more accurate maps of their cave for the rescue crews. Note: Early in the disaster, the Chilean newspaper El Mercurio published a widely circulated, but incorrect, early list of the miners' names with two errors: it omitted Esteban Rojas and Claudio Acuña, and wrongly included the names of Roberto López Bordones and William Órdenes. The list above is correct and up to date according to the Ministry of Mining website."¿Quiénes son los 33 mineros? (Who are the 33 Miners?)" (Spanish) (THIS LIST IS CORRECT), Chilean Ministry of Mining Official Website, Chile, 12 October 2010. Rescue workers who descendedOrder descendedRescue workerhttps://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101013/wl_afp/chileminingaccidentdescent Rescuer reaches trapped men in Chile mine Yahoo! News 12 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101016231736/http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20101013/wl_afp/chileminingaccidentdescent 16 October 2010Minuto a minuto: Mineros arriban al hospital de Copiapó y "Fénix II" reinicia labores (Spanish) Emol Chile, 13 October 2010"Dramáticas historias tras el histórico rescate", El Mercurio, 15 October 2010 (Spanish)AffiliationFrank Bajak and Vivian Sequera Dramatic endgame nears for trapped Chile miners, The Miami Herald, 11 October 2010 May 2016 medicmedicDescent time (CLDT)Extraction time (CLDT)Time spent inside mineCycle timeBy comparing his descent time with the times in the "Rescued miners" listDown trip no.1.Manuel GonzálezEl Teniente Mine12 October 23:1814 October 00:3225:140:2712.Roberto Ríos, SgtChilean Marine Corps13 October 00:1614 October 00:0523:490:2323.Patricio Robledo, CplChilean Marine Corps13 October 01:1813 October 23:4222:240:2534.Jorge BustamanteEl Teniente Mine13 October 10:2213 October 23:1712:550:24135.Patricio Sepúlveda, CplGOPE (national police medic)13 October 12:1413 October 22:5310:390:23166.Pedro RiveroCarola Mine13 October 19:2313 October 22:303:070:3528 Notes: The extraction times for the rescuers are correct but may be out of order and not listed next to the actual corresponding rescue worker. "Down trip no." is the sequence number of the capsule journey that he was sent down on. Timeline of events -5 90 5 center 2010 Copiapó mining accident timeline ffffff ffffff 8.5 -5 25 August 0 2 #FBCEB1 25 56 September 0 2 #EFDECD 56 90 October 0 2 #FAEBD7 0 17 0.0 0.2 #8C0036 5 August 2010: Miners trapped 17 69 0.0 0.2 #C5316B 22 August 2010: Miners found alive 69 80 0.0 0.2 #C55883 Miners after rescue 25 60 0.2 0.4 #1B774F A Plan A – Strata 950 30 60 0.4 0.6 #94A4DE B Plan B – Schramm T130 42 60 0.6 0.8 #7CD0AC C Plan C – RIG-421 38 40 0.0 2.0 #BCA19F Chilean Bicentennial holiday 0.1 60 69 0.4 0.6 #1C3D75 Operación San Lorenzo 5 Aug 2010: 33 miners trapped (day 01) 1 6 22 August 2010: 33 miners discovered alive (day 17) 17 6 13 Oct: 33 miners rescued (day 69) 69 3 15 Oct: 31 of 33 miners home 72 6 24 October 2010: 33 miners honoured in Santiago, Chile 80 6 30 Aug – 9 Oct: Plan A drilling 25 4.75 5 Sep – 9 Oct: Plan B drilling 32 3 19 Sep – 9 Oct: Plan C drilling 46 1.7 24 September: old survival record 53 1.7 9 October: drilling complete 60 1.7 Operación San Lorenzo 0.1 62 3 Day 01 = 5 August 2010 This is a general chronology of the events, from the beginning: 2010 08 05 y Rock-fall at the San José mine in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile leaves 33 gold and copper miners trapped 700 metres (2,296 ft) below ground. 2010 08 07 y Second collapse hampers rescue efforts and blocks access to lower parts of the mine. Rescuers begin drilling boreholes to send down listening devices. 2010 08 22 y 17 days after the first collapse, a note is found attached to one of the drill bits, saying: es "Estamos bien en el Refugio, los 33" (English: "We are well in the Refuge – the 33"). The miners were in a shelter having lunch when the first collapse occurred, and had survived on rations. Food, medical supplies, clothes and bedding begin to be sent down the borehole. 2010 08 27 y The miners send first video greetings to the surface. 2010 08 30 y Plan A, first attempt to drill a hole to rescue the men, begins. 2010 09 05 y Plan B drilling begins. 2010 09 18 y Miners celebrate Chilean Bicentennial holiday underground.Philip Sherwell Trapped Chilean miners celebrate national day with meat pies feast, London Daily Telegraph, 18 September 2010 2010 09 19 y Plan C drilling begins. 2010 09 24 y Miners have now been trapped underground for 50 days, longer than anyone else in history. 2010 10 09 y Plan B drill breaks through to the miners' workshop. 2010 10 11 y es "Fénix 2" rescue capsule is tested to ensure that it can pass up and down the newly completed shaft. 2010 10 12 y Rescue begins at 23:20 CLDT. 2010 10 13 y At 21:56 CLDT the last of the 33 miners is brought to the surface. 2010 10 14 y First three miners released from hospital. 2010 10 15 y 28 more miners released from hospital, two remain for further treatment; dental and psychological follow-up. 2010 10 16 y Mario Sepúlveda discharged from hospital after additional psychological tests. 2010 10 19 y Víctor Zamora released from hospital after dental problems. Raphael Angie http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/freed-miners-return-to-camp-hope/story-e6frf7jx-1225939966063 Freed miners return to Camp Hope Herald Sun Australia 18 October 2010 18 October 2010 2010 10 25 y Rescued miners are honored at the es "La Moneda" presidential palace, meet with President Sebastián Piñera, pose for pictures with the es "Fénix 2" capsule and play a friendly game of football against a government team at the Julio Martínez Prádanos National Stadium."Chile: First rescued miners leave hospital" BBC News, 15 October 2010. Reaction to the rescue thumb|left|alt=Color image of Chilean President Piñera and the First Lady present a souvenir gift rock from the San Jose Mine to Elizabeth II on 18 October 2010 during a state visit to the UK|Piñera and his wife present a souvenir rock from the mine to Elizabeth II on 18 October 2010. Reaction to the 2010 Copiapó mining accident Chilean President Sebastián Piñera and First Lady Cecilia Morel were present during the rescue. Bolivian President Evo Morales was also scheduled to be there but did not arrive in time to see the rescue of the trapped Bolivian miner, Carlos Mamani. https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2010/oct/12/chilean-miners-rescue-live-coverage London The Guardian Mark Tran Matthew Weaver Adam Gabbatt Chilean miners rescue – part 1 12 October 2010 28 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110125181240/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2010/oct/12/chilean-miners-rescue-live-coverage 25 January 2011 live Morales visited Mamani at a hospital along with Piñera later in the day.http://mexico.cnn.com/mundo/2010/10/13/el-boliviano-carlos-mamani-recibe-la-visita-del-presidente-evo-morales CNN Pulso 13 October 2010 6 November 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20111226055806/http://mexico.cnn.com/mundo/2010/10/13/el-boliviano-carlos-mamani-recibe-la-visita-del-presidente-evo-morales 26 December 2011 A number of foreign leaders contacted Piñera to express solidarity and pass on congratulations to Chile while rescue efforts were underway. They included the Presidents of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, South Africa, Uruguay, Venezuela,Lula, Chávez, Cristina Fernández y David Cameron felicitan a Piñera BBC News Mundo, 13 October 2010. (Spanish)"Historic rescue completed" https://web.archive.org/web/20101020112537/http://www.buanews.gov.za/news/10/10101408551001 20 October 2010 , South African Government, 14 October 2010 and Poland,"President congratulates Chile" Prezydent.pl, 14 October 2010. as well as the Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-11536093 BBC News David Cameron congratulates Chilean President on rescue 13 October 2010 28 May 2011 Spain and Ireland, (who also wrote personally to the Chilean president and the County Clare-based designers and manufacturers of the rescue drill). https://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/cowen-congratulates-chile-on-rescue-operation-477634.html BreakingNews.ie Cowen congratulates Chile on rescue operation 14 October 2010 28 May 2011 Other foreign leaders including Mexican President Felipe Calderón"Celebrations erupt across Chile as first men emerge from mine" New Kerala, 13 October 2010 and US President Barack Obama https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/14/world/americas/14obamachile.html The New York Times Obama Salutes Chile and Rescue 13 October 2010 28 May 2011 praised the rescue efforts and passed on their hopes and prayers to the miners and their families. Pope Benedict XVI left a video message in Spanish praying for the success of the rescue operation."Pope prays for Chilean miners" Independent Catholic News, 13 October 2010 After the successful rescue, Piñera gave a speech on location in which he praised Chile, saying that he was "proud to be the president of all Chileans." He invoked Chile's recently passed Bicentennial celebrations and said that the miners were rescued with "unity, hope and faith." He thanked Hugo Chávez and Morales, amongst others, for their calls of support and solidarity. He also said that those responsible for the collapse of the mine would be punished, and that there would be a "new deal" for the workers.Rory Carroll When the miners' leader met the president, two sides of Chile embraced, The Guardian, 17 October 2010Presidente Piñera tras el rescate de los 33 mineros: "Chile hoy día está más unido y más fuerte que nunca" https://web.archive.org/web/20101019191505/http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/destacados/2010/10/13/presidente-pinera-tras-el-rescate-de-los-33-mineros-chile-hoy-dia-esta-mas-unido-y-mas-fuer.htm 19 October 2010 (Spanish), Chilean Presidential Web Site, Speech Extracts, 13 October 2010 Miners post-rescue All but two of the men went home within 48 hours of their rescue, and by 19 October all had left the hospital.Fiona Govan and Aislinn Laing (15 October 2010), "Chile Miners Came to Blows, but Swore to Keep Details Secret", The Daily Telegraph, London.Raphael Angie http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/freed-miners-return-to-camp-hope/story-e6frf7jx-1225939966063 Freed Miners Return to Camp Hope Herald Sun Australia 18 October 2010 18 October 2010Sherwell Philip Chile Miners' New Battle to Adapt to Normality 16 October 2010 The Daily Telegraph https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8068674/Chile-miners-new-battle-to-adapt-to-normality.html 4 July 2018 https://archive.today/20130421075810/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/chile/8068674/Chile-miners-new-battle-to-adapt-to-normality.html 21 April 2013 live. thumb|alt=Color image of President Piñera visiting the rescued miners, who are dressed in hospital robes and pajamas while seated and standing in a semi-circle in a hospital room|Piñera visiting the miners in Copiapó Hospital Doctors felt the men had coped unexpectedly well physically with their time underground. Piñera even challenged the men to a friendly football game and invited them to visit the presidential palace and the opening of a transcontinental highway.Hennigan Tom Media Carnival Follows Still Vulnerable Miners 16 October 2010 The Irish Times https://www.irishtimes.com/news/media-carnival-follows-still-vulnerable-miners-1.664427 4 July 2018 https://archive.today/20151020232620/http://www.irishtimes.com/news/media-carnival-follows-still-vulnerable-miners-1.664427 20 October 2015 live Marc Siegel, an associate professor of medicine at the New York University Langone Medical Center, said that lack of sunlight could cause problems with muscles, bones, and other organs. Jane Aubin, scientific director of the Institute of Musculoskeletal Health and Arthritis at the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, said the miners would have to be monitored closely: "They haven't been as physically active as you would want [them] to be, so they have undoubtedly experienced some muscle loss. ... Probably after that extended period of time, in both a confined space and in relative darkness, they've also probably experienced some bone loss."Alphonso Caroline Miners Watched Closely for Physical and Mental Health Problems 14 October 2010 The Globe and Mail https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/miners-watched-closely-for-physical-and-mental-health-problems/article1758120/ 4 July 2018 https://archive.today/20130204002518/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/americas/miners-watched-closely-for-physical-and-mental-health-problems/article1758120/ 4 February 2013 live Officials considered canceling plans for a Thanksgiving Mass for the men and their families at Camp Hope on 17 October over fears that a premature return to the site could be too stressful. "It's not a good idea that they go back to the mine so soon", said psychologist Iturra.Sherwell (2010) Jorge Díaz, head of the miners' medical team at Copiapó regional hospital, said: "We have a group of workers who are absolutely normal people, they weren't selected from a group of applicants to be astronauts, nor were they people who underwent rigorous tests, therefore we don't know when the post-traumatic stress syndrome can appear."Rescued Men Attend (2010) In the years after the accident, although initially they enjoyed worldwide fame, gifts of motorcycles, and invitations to Disney World and the Greek Islands, many spiraled, suffering psychologically and financially. Some found they could not get new mining jobs due to concerns that potential employers had about their mental health and the publicity that could follow. Some, like Jorge Galleguillos, adapted by finding related work, leading tours around the San Jose mining site. Others battled alcohol and drug addiction. Mario Sepulveda, who was called "Super Mario" for his positive and energetic personality admitted to fighting suicidal thoughts, saying, "People saw the pictures of the rescue and they thought our hell was over. In fact it was just beginning."What happened to the 33 Chilean miners rescued in 2010? https://uk.news.yahoo.com/on-this-day-chilean-miners-rescue-192511085.html 5 April 2023 Yahoo News 12 October 2021 en-GB Activities On Sunday, 17 October 2010, six of the 33 rescued miners attended a multi-denominational memorial Mass led by an evangelical pastor and a Roman Catholic priest at es "Campamento Esperanza" (Camp Hope) where anxious relatives had awaited the men's return. Some of the rescuers who helped bring the miners to the surface also attended.Raphael (2010) Chile Mine: Rescued Men Attend Service of Thanks 18 October 2010 BBC News https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-11561355 4 July 2018 https://archive.today/20130114072639/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11561355 14 January 2013 live Reporters and cameras mobbed the miners, prompting the police to intervene to protect them. Omar Reygadas' family was swarmed by the media after they left the service, and his 2-year-old great-granddaughter started crying when pushed by the crowd. As Reygadas picked her up, the cameras zoomed in. Reygadas stayed calm but offered his only answer in response to their questions: "I've had nightmares these days", Reygadas said from inside a small tent while reporters jockeyed for position, "but the worst nightmare is all of you."Barrionuevo Alexei Romero Simon Simon Romero Rescued Miners' Secrecy Pact Erodes in Spotlight 17 October 2010 The New York Times Americas https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/18/world/americas/18chile.html?_r=1&hp 4 July 2018 https://archive.today/20180705010820/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/18/world/americas/18chile.html?_r=1&hp 5 July 2018 live Based on their experience, the miners plan to start a foundation to help in the field of mine safety. Yonni Barrios said: "We're thinking about creating a foundation to solve [safety] problems in the mining industry. With this, with the experience that we had had, God help us, we should be able to solve these problems." Juan Illanes told El Mercurio: "We have to decide how to direct our project so this type of thing never happens again. It needs to be done, but these things don't happen quickly". Chile Miners Plan Mine Safety Group 18 October 2010 The Sydney Morning Herald Associated Press https://www.smh.com.au/world/chile-miners-plan-mine-safety-group-20101018-16pct.html 4 July 2018 https://archive.today/20121231061923/http://www.smh.com.au/world/chile-miners-plan-mine-safety-group-20101018-16pct.html 31 December 2012 live On 24 October 2010, the miners attended a reception hosted by Piñera at the presidential palace in the capital, Santiago, and were awarded medals celebrating Chile's independence bicentennial. Outside, the men posed for photographs next to the Fénix rescue capsule that had winched them to the surface, now installed in the main square in Santiago. Afterwards, at the National Stadium, the freed miners played a football match against a team that included Piñera; Laurence Golborne, the mining minister; and Jaime Manalich, the health minister. Team es "Esperanza" (Hope), led by Franklin Lobos, all wore the number "33", but lost 3–2 to the government team.Fiona Govan (25 October 2010), "Chile's Saved Miners Play Football Match Against Their Rescuers", The Daily Telegraph, London. In November 2010, miners visited Los Angeles, appearing in a taping of CNN "Heroes."Dennis Romero (18 November 2010), "Chilean Miners Visit Los Angeles, Hollywood: CNN 'Heroes' Taping Planned" https://web.archive.org/web/20101121201457/http://blogs.laweekly.com/informer/2010/11/chilean_miners_los_angeles.php 21 November 2010 , Los Angeles Weekly. Retrieved 7 June 2011 On 13 December 2010, 26 of the rescued miners, including Franklin Lobos, went on invitation to a Manchester United training session at Carrington, Greater Manchester in England.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-11985807 BBC News Rescued Chile Miners Meet Manchester United Players 13 December 2010 28 May 2011 In February 2011, 31 of the 33 miners were hosted by the Israeli Ministry of Tourism for an eight-day pilgrimage of Christian and Jewish holy sites.https://www.jpost.com/VideoArticles/Video/Article.aspx?id=209466 Chilean Miners Arrive for 'Pilgrimage of Thanks' Lidman Melanie 23 February 2011 7 June 2011 The Jerusalem Post Legacy and aftermath thumb|alt=Color image of Los 33 miners attending a ceremony hosted by President Piñera at the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010 after their rescue from the San Jose Mine|Los 33 at the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010 Political Immediately following the San José mine collapse, Piñera dismissed top officials from the Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería de Chile (SERNAGEOMIN), Chile's mining regulatory agency and vowed to undertake a major overhaul of the department in light of the accident. In the days following the collapse, eighteen mines were shut down and a further 300 put under threat of possible closure.Trapped Chilean miners face long shifts to keep their refuge clear of debris https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/26/trapped-chilean-miners-clear-debris Franklin, Jonathan The Guardian London 26 August 2010 27 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100829060720/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/aug/26/trapped-chilean-miners-clear-debris 29 August 2010 live On 25 October 2010, ahead of schedule, Piñera received a preliminary report by the Commission on Work Safety established in response to the incident. The report was a direct result of the Copiapó accident and contained 30 proposals ranging from improvements in hygiene to better coordination between local regulatory authorities. Although the commission had set 22 November 2010 as the date to deliver its final report, it reported that job safety inspections in Santiago and regions throughout Chile had allowed them to obtain a clear picture of the situation earlier than anticipated. In total, the commission held 204 hearings and reviewed 119 suggestions that came from online input. Throughout the incident, Piñera stressed that cost was of no object with regard to rescuing the miners. The operation was expensive with estimates surpassing US$20 million, excluding expenses in building, maintaining and securing es "Campamento Esperanza" (Camp Hope). These costs exceed the total business debt of the mine's owner, the San Esteban Mining Company, which currently stands at around US$19 million. The state mining company Codelco contributed about 75% to rescue costs with private companies donating services worth more than US$5 million.Dominique Farrell (13 October 2010), "Final Cost For Chile Mine Rescue Is Tallied", Santiago Times (English). thumb|alt=Color image ofLos 33 miners posing with the President and First Lady of Chile in the Blue Room of the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010|Los 33 miners posing with the President and First Lady of Chile in the Blue Room of the Presidential Palace on 24 October 2010 The French credit rating agency Coface declared that the dramatic mining rescue would have a positive impact on Chile's economic reputation. "It provides to international investors an image of a country where you can do safe [sic] business", Coface's UK managing director, Xavier Denecker, said. "It gives a good impression in terms of technology, solidarity and efficiency." Coface rates countries according to the probability of private sector companies being successful. Chile holds its highest rating in South America: A2. The UK, in comparison, is rated at A3.Andrew Clark (17 October 2010), "Mining rescue lifts Chile's credit rating up into the light", The Guardian, London. Legal Following the accident, a lawsuit was filed against the San Esteban Mining Company by relatives of those trapped, while a judge froze US$2 million of its assets. A lawyer for several of the miners' families described this as a refutation of the company's claims of "not having even enough money to pay salaries". On 21 October, San Esteban Mining Company Operations Chief Carlos Pinilla and mine manager Pedro Simunovic issued a signed public statement insisting that no company official "had the slightest indication that a catastrophe could occur." Miner Jorge Gallardo asserted that there was no way the owners could have been unaware of the situation since he recorded everything and his daily safety reports were signed by Pinilla in person. Rescued miner Victor Zamora commented "What made me sad was that people were dying because the company did not want to have something safer and only thought about money".Dominique Farrell (26 October 2010), "Chile's Commission On Work Safety Delivers Preliminary Report To President Sebastián Piñera", Santiago Times (English). Social Chilean writer and former miner Hernán Rivera Letelier wrote an article for the Spanish newspaper El País offering advice to the miners: "I hope that the avalanche of lights and cameras and flashes that is rushing towards you is a light one. It's true that you've survived a long season in hell, but, when all's said and done, it was a hell you knew. What's heading your way, now, comrades, is a hell that you have not experienced at all: the hell of the show, the alienating hell of TV sets. I've only got one thing to say to you, my friends: grab hold of your family. Don't let them go, don't let them out of your sight, don't waste them. Hold on to them as you hung on to the capsule that brought you out. It's the only way to survive this media deluge that's raining down on you."Rory Carroll (18 October 2010), "How the media in Chile helped focus the eyes of the world on the miners", The Guardian (UK).The Daily Telegraph UK newspaper reported that the miners have hired an accountant to ensure that any income from their new celebrity status is fairly divided, including money from expected book and film deals. The men have agreed to "speak as one" when they discuss their experiences. While still trapped, they appointed one of their group as official biographer and another their poet.Aislinn Laing (15 October 2010), "Chile miners will 'speak as one, The Daily Telegraph, London. The first TV documentary was aired by Nova on the US Public Broadcasting System on 26 October 2010.Emergency Mine Rescue: Engineers and NASA scientists aid an all-out effort to save 32 Chilean miners trapped nearly half a mile underground, NOVA (PBS), Aired 26 October 2010 In 2014, the BBC reported that many of the survivors were out of work, and had not yet received compensation payments. Monument Chilean President Sebastián Piñera has suggested turning Camp Hope into a memorial or museum in honor of the men. A modest monument was built at the mine entrance.Long Gideon 22 January 2014 Chile's 33 miners still haunted by their past https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-25569678 5 March 2024 BBC News en-GB The Fénix 2 capsule used in Operación San Lorenzo has been placed in the Plaza de la Constitución, in front of Chile's presidential palace in Santiago, Chile. Currently, one of the backup capsules is in Copiapó and the other was sent to China for display in Chile's exhibit at the 2010 Shanghai Expo. Discussions are under way for a permanent display of the capsule and possibly a museum. 2010 12, potential locations include Copiapó, the city closest to the accident site, and Talcahuano, 1300 mi km us to the south, where the capsules were built at a Chilean navy workshop."Chile mine rescue: towns fight over Phoenix 2 capsule", Daily Telegraph, London, 18 October 2010 The Fénix 1 capsule was a featured display at the March 2011 Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada convention in Toronto, Ontario, where Laurence Golborne and the rescue team were honored.http://www.pdac.ca/pdac/misc/110304.html Chilean mine rescue capsule to be on display in Toronto at upcoming Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada (PDAC) convention dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110312105744/http://www.pdac.ca/pdac/misc/110304.html 12 March 2011 Since 3 August 2011, the Fénix 2 capsule is displayed at the Atacama Regional Museum in Copiapó.http://www.soychile.cl/Copiapo/Sociedad/2011/08/03/30302/Con-emocion-instalaron-la-capsula-Fenix-II-en-el-Museo-Regional-de-Atacama.aspx Con emoción instalaron la cápsula Fénix II en el Museo Regional de Atacama Paul-Edouard Martin El Diario de Atacama 3 August 2011 13 August 2011 es Books While still trapped in the mine, the 33 miners chose to collectively contract with a single author to write an official history so that none of the 33 could individually profit from the experiences of others.https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/books/review/deep-down-dark-by-hector-tobar.html 'Deep Down Dark,' by Héctor Tobar The New York Times Mac McClelland 20 November 2014 26 November 2014http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/21/book-review-podcast-deep-down-dark/?_r=0 Book Review Podcast: 'Deep Down Dark' The New York Times John Williams 21 November 2014 26 November 2014 The miners chose Héctor Tobar, a Pulitzer Prize–winning writer at the Los Angeles Times. Tobar had exclusive access to the miners and in October 2014 published an official account titled Deep Down Dark: The Untold Stories of 33 Men Buried in a Chilean Mine, and the Miracle That Set Them Free. Tobar described the previous books published on the topic as "quick and dirty" with "almost no cooperation from the miners." These books include the following: Trapped: How the World Rescued 33 Miners from 2,000 Feet Below the Chilean Desert (August 2011) by Marc Aronson Buried Alive!: How 33 Miners Survived 69 Days Deep Under the Chilean Desert (2012) by Elaine Scott 33 Men: Inside the Miraculous Survival and Dramatic Rescue of the Chilean Miners (October 2011) by Jonathan FranklinFletcher Martin Dixon Laura Chilean miner Jose Ricardo Ojeda Vidal copyrights 'los 33 22 October 2010 The Australian http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/chilean-miner-jose-ricardo-ojeda-vidal-copyrights-los-33/story-e6frg6so-1225942111686 https://web.archive.org/web/20150123064029/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/chilean-miner-jose-ricardo-ojeda-vidal-copyrights-los-33/story-e6frg6so-1225942111686 dead 23 January 2015"Deals already on offer for Chilean miners' story" https://web.archive.org/web/20101203185612/http://entertainment.stv.tv/showbiz/202648-deals-already-on-offer-for-chilean-miners-story/ 3 December 2010 , STV, 14 October 2010. Film The 33 A film titled The 33 based on the events of the disaster is directed by Patricia Riggen and written by Mikko Alanne and Jose Rivera. Mike Medavoy, producer of Apocalypse Now'', worked with the miners, their families, and those involved to put the film together.http://www.firstshowing.net/2013/antonio-banderas-more-join-chilean-miner-disaster-drama-the-33 Antonio Banderas & More Join Chilean Miner Disaster Drama 'The 33' FirstShowing.net 20 May 2013 17 June 2013 The movie stars Antonio Banderas as Mario "Super Mario" Sepulveda, the public face of video reports sent from underground about the miners' conditions. The actual Sepulveda expressed his enthusiasm and approval towards Banderas playing the role.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/20/antonio-banderas-chilean-miner_n_3309168.html Antonio Banderas To Play Chilean Miner, Mario Sepulveda, In "The 33" HuffPost 20 May 2013 17 June 2013 Brazilian actor Rodrigo Santoro stars as Laurence Golborne, the Chilean Minister of Mining at the time, and American actor Bob Gunton stars as Sebastián Piñera, the President of Chile at the time. The film's plot mostly focuses on the disaster and its aftermath, during which rescue teams attempt to save the trapped miners over the course of three months. According to an interview with Patricia Riggen in 2015, the miners have never been compensated monetarily for their ordeal, and many of them suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder.Riggen Patricia Patricia Riggen Renée Montagne Indie Filmmaker Brings Story of Chile's '33' Miners to the Big Screen https://www.npr.org/2015/11/13/455795030/indie-filmmaker-brings-story-of-chiles-33-miners-to-the-big-screen Morning Edition NPR 13 November 2015 27 July 2017 They are not doing well, Renee. They have PTSD. They didn't get compensated by the mine owners – nothing. See also Chile Sheppton Mine disaster and rescue – coal mine collapse in 1963 in Sheppton, Pennsylvania that trapped three miners. One miner died; two were rescued. This was the first mine rescue to rescue miners using bore holes. 2006 Copiapó mining accident – resulted in two deaths. Shandong Qixia Gold Mine Explosion Accident – 22 Elecab miners were trapped and rescued in 2021. Floyd Collins – a cave explorer who died after 14 days in 1925. The accident scene was a national media frenzy. Kathy Fiscus – a three-year-old Californian girl who died after falling down a well in 1949 and whose two-day rescue attempt was broadcast live on radio and national TV. Alfredo Rampi – fell down a well and died as a six-year-old in 1981 in Italy. The rescue attempt was broadcast live for 18 hours. Jessica McClure – a Texas toddler who survived being trapped in a well for over two days in 1987, while the rescue operation was televised live on CNN. Quecreek Mine rescue – a successful rescue operation of miners using a similar rescue capsule in Pennsylvania in 2002. Beaconsfield Mine collapse – two of three Australian miners were rescued in 2006 after two weeks underground. Chasnala mining disaster – incident in India where a flood entered into a coal mine. Tham Luang cave rescue – successful rescue involving a football team in Thailand. Julen Rosello – Spanish toddler who fell in 2019 in a well and died after a rescue attempt of 13 days. Rayan Oram – Moroccan child who fell into a well and died in 2022. 2023 Uttarakhand tunnel rescue – successful rescue of 41 workers trapped inside the tunnel. References 35em External links Photos High-Resolution, Aerial Image of Mine Site, (large image), DigiMapas, October 2010 Videos 25em IzbteEUrqLU Interview to Jeff Hart after reaching out the miners by Canal 13 UC de Chile. 9 October 2010. Emergency Mine Rescue, NOVA Documentary, PBS, 53 minutes, 26 October 2010 Miners Deep Inside Chilean Mine, CBS News, 3 minutes, 27 August 2010 Rescue Timeline (Plans with Animations), CBS News, 4.5 minutes, 15 October 2010 Couzens Jo Elation As Trapped Chile Miners Found Alive http://news.sky.com/story/801008/elation-as-trapped-chile-miners-found-alive 12 December 2022 Sky News 23 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20121015015645/http://news.sky.com/story/801008/elation-as-trapped-chile-miners-found-alive 15 October 2012 First of 33 Chilean Miners Rescued https://web.archive.org/web/20121103165846/http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=6952527n 3 November 2012 CBS News, 1 minute, 12 October 2010 Final Chilean Miner Rescued https://web.archive.org/web/20190330210118/http://video.foxnews.com/v/4372772/final-chilean-miner-rescued?r_src=ramp 30 March 2019 , Fox News, 7 minutes, 14 October 2010 Miners on the Mend After Rescue, Reuters News, 2 minutes, 14 October 2010 Chilean Miners: 17 Days Buried Alive, BBC, 1 hour, 12 August 2011 Copiapo Copiapo Mining Accident, 2010 Category:Mining rescues Category:Labor in Chile Category:History of Atacama Region Copiapó mining accident Category:2010 disasters in Chile Category:Copper mining in Chile