1951 Syrian coup d'état

Bloodless coup that overthrew Hashim al-Atassi 1951 Syrian coup d'état Fotos van twee portretten van militairen generaal Adib al-Shishlakly en kolone, Bestanddeelnr 254-3692.jpg Photos of Fawzi Selu and Adib Shishakli, 1951. 300px 29 November, 1951 Syria President Hashim al-Atassi and his cabinet resign; Adib Shishakli still de facto governs Syria 1932 Syrian government Syria 1932 Syrian Armed Forces coup plottersFlag of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.svg Syrian Social Nationalist Party Syria 1932 Hashim al-Atassi(President of Syria)Syria 1932 Maarouf al-Dawalibi(Prime Minister of Syria)Syria 1932 Nazim al-Qudsi Adib ShishakliFawzi Selu The 1951 Syrian coup d'état (ar انقلاب 1951 في سوريا) was the fourth coup d'état in Syria following independence. The coup was led by Adib Shishakli, who forced the existing government, led by President Hashim al-Atassi and Prime Minister Maarouf al-Dawalibi to resign. Background Following the December 1949 coup, Adib Shishakli wielded significant power in the country's governance. The People's Party, the largest party following the 1949 parliamentary election, could not govern due to military pressure. In 1950, the country saw experienced political instability due to weak governmental coalitions. President Hashim al-Atassi entrusted Nazim al-Qudsi, the leader of People's Party, with government formation against the military's wishes. Atassi successfully passed this coalition to govern. During the government's tenure, it signed a joint cooperation agreement with the Kingdom of Iraq, which the Prime Minister claimed was "a first step toward a federal union with Iraq."Torrey 1964 199 Process Shishakli, who received support from Saudi Arabia, was displeased with this agreement. On November 29, 1951, Shishakli order the arrest of Prime Minister Maarouf al-Dawalibi due to his refusal to appoint Fawzi Selu, Shishakli's confidant, as defense secretary. Other government officials then announced their resignation. After failed negotiations for power sharing, president Hashim al-Atassi also resigned and returned to Homs. Following the resignation, the Syrian military's Command Council announced its assumption of power, who then dissolved the Syrian parliament and appointed Fawzi Selu with all executive and legislative powers.Torrey 1964 208 Aftermath Domestic policies thumb|Selu and Shishakli in 1951 After the 1951 coup, Adib Shishakli focused on power consolidation. This included promulgating the Syrian Constitution of 1953 and organizing the 1953 presidential election, successfully establishing one-party rule for about two years. According to a Syrian activist, “Syrians no longer care about the army or who rules the country. All they care about now is the return of the stability that was absent before".Torrey 1964 209 By 1953, Akram al-Hourani expanded his influence and even wanted to become president himself. As a result, Shishakli dismissed many officers who were loyal to Hourani, and refused to establish a socialist government as Hourani has hoped. Then, Hourani fled to Lebanon, where he merged his Arab Socialist Movement with the Ba'ath Party.Seale Patrick Patrick Seale Asad of Syria: The Struggle for the Middle East University of California Press 1990 65 0-520-06976-5 registration https://archive.org/details/asadofsyriastrug00seal The next year, Hourani supported the 1954 coup against Shishakli.Dostal Jörg Michael Post-independence Syria and the Great Powers (1946-1958): How Western Power Politics Pushed the Country Toward the Soviet Union 2014 Annual Meeting of the Academic Council on the United Nations System 2014 http://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Syria-Paper-1946-1958-for-ACUNS-Conference-Website-12-June-2014.pdf September 19, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150919075502/https://acuns.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Syria-Paper-1946-1958-for-ACUNS-Conference-Website-12-June-2014.pdf Moubayed Sami M. Steel & Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000 247 Cune Press Seattle 2006 9781885942401 Foreign affairs During his rule, Shishakli sought military aid from Western countries. He offered to renew the Trans-Arabian Pipeline and provide asylum for Palestinian refugees. However, the United States feared that Syrian rearmament would threaten Israel, and therefore refused. On the other hand, the U.S. delegation in Damascus was upgraded to embassy status on September 30, 1952 as a sign of improving relations.Al-Baidhani Ibraheem Saeed U.S. Policy Toward Syria – 1949 to 1958 2014 17,18,20,23 9781493190942 http://damascus.usembassy.gov/about_the_embassy.html About the Embassy United States Department of State, U.S. Embassy Damascus 2011-08-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20110902075607/http://damascus.usembassy.gov/about_the_embassy.html 2011-09-02 dead Bibliography Torrey Gordon H. Syrian Politics and the Military 1945-1958 Columbus Ohio State University Press 1964 10.2307/2146901 References Category:1950s coups d'état Category:1951 in Syria Category:1951 conflicts Category:Coups d'état in Syria Category:November 1951