1893 Malatya earthquake

Earthquake in Turkey 1893 Malatya earthquake yes 1893 3 3 yes 02:30 Turkey 38.154 38.293 inline,titleSesetyan K. Stucchi M. Castelli V. Gomez Capera A.A. Kahramanmaraş - Gaziantep Türkiye M7.7 Earthquake, 6 February 2023 (04:17 GMT+03:00) Large historical earthquakes of the earthquake-affected region: a preliminary report 16 February 2023 https://eqe.boun.edu.tr/sites/eqe.boun.edu.tr/files/kahramanmaras-gaziantep_earthquake_06-02-2023_large_hist_eqs_v1.pdf 2 March 2023 Boğaziçi University 1 June 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230601001447/https://eqe.boun.edu.tr/sites/eqe.boun.edu.tr/files/kahramanmaras-gaziantep_earthquake_06-02-2023_large_hist_eqs_v1.pdf dead s 7.1 X Turkey 885 fatalities The 1893 Malatya earthquake occurred at 02:30 local time on 3 March in Malatya, Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It had a surface wave magnitude of 7.1 and maximum felt intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. This destructive earthquake caused 885 deaths and 164 injuries. Tectonic setting The earthquake was located near the East Anatolian Fault; a 700 km mi mid -long northeast–southwest left-lateral transform fault representing the boundary between the Anatolian and Arabian plates. The fault displays slip rates that decrease from the east at 10 mm per year to the west, where it is 1–4 mm per year. The fault produced large earthquakes in 1789 (M 7.2), 1795 (M 7.0), 1872 (M 7.2), 1874 (M 7.1), 1875 (M 6.7), 1893 (M 7.1), and 2020 (w6.8). These earthquakes ruptured individual segments of the fault. The seismically active Palu and Pütürge segments in the east display a recurrence interval of about 150 years for M 6.8–7.0 earthquakes. The Pazarcık and Amanos segments in the west have recurrence intervals of 237–772 years and 414–917 years, respectively, for M 7.0–7.4 earthquakes.Güvercin S.E. Karabulut H. Konca A.O. Doğan U. Ergintav S. 2022 Active seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-abstract/230/1/50/6522179 Geophysical Journal International 230 1 50–69 10.1093/gji/ggac045 6 February 2023 10 October 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20221010045451/https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-abstract/230/1/50/6522179 live free subscription This intracontinental transform fault is the second largest strike-slip fault in Turkey.Milkereit C. Grosser H. Wang R. Wetzel H.-U. Woith H. Karakisa S. Zünbül S. Zschau J. Implications of the 2003 Bingöl Earthquake for the Interaction between the North and East Anatolian Faults Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 2004 94 6 2400–2406 10.1785/0120030194 2004BuSSA..94.2400M Earthquake The shock had a surface wave magnitude of 7.1 and was assigned a maximum intensity of X (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale.Ambraseys N. N. Jackson J. A. Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region Geophysical Journal International May 1998 133 2 390–406 10.1046/j.1365-246X.1998.00508.x free 1998GeoJI.133..390A was part of a seismic sequence involving w 6.7–7.0 earthquakes along the East Anatolian Fault from 1866 to 1905. It ruptured the Erkenek segment of the fault southwest of Lake Hazar.Hubert-Ferrari Aurélia Lamair Laura Hage Sophie Schmidt Sabine Çagatay M. Namık Avşar Ulaş A 3800 yr paleoseismic record (Lake Hazar sediments, eastern Turkey): Implications for the East Anatolian Fault seismic cycle Earth and Planetary Science Letters 15 May 2020 538 116152 10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116152 2020E&PSL.53816152H 2268/246404 215728311 https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/246404/1/EPSL-HubertFerrari.pdf The Erkenek segment is located between the Pütürge segment to the northeast and the Pazarcık segment in the southwest. The shock was associated with 86 km of surface rupture with a maximum left-lateral offset of 4.5 m measured south of Çelikhan.Duman Tamer Y. Emre Ömer The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2013 372 1 495–529 10.1144/SP372.14 2013GSLSP.372..495D 129225180 The damage area measured 220 km long by 120 km wide.Akbayram Kenan Kıranşan Kemal Özer Çağlar Varolgüneş Sadık The surface deformation of the 2020 Doğanyol-Sivrice earthquake (Mw 6.8) and the earlier events suggest Mw˂7.0 earthquakes do not create significant surface slip along the East Anatolian Fault Zone EarthArXiv 2021 https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/2089/ 10.31223/X5QP5Q 2021EaArX...X5QP5QA Rupture was confined to the Erkenek segment; which was broken for most of its length. The rupture likely ceased about 20 km southwest of Pütürge in the north and near Erkenek at its southern termination. A w 6.8 earthquake in 1905 likely completed the rupture along the southern Erkenek segment; no surface faulting was associated with the shock. The Erkenek and Pazarcık segments ruptured during the w 7.8 earthquake on 6 February 2023 while the Pütürge segment ruptured during the w 6.8 earthquake on 24 January 2020.Carena S. Friedrich A. M. Verdecchia A. Kahle B. Rieger S. Kübler S. Identification of Source Faults of Large Earthquakes in the Turkey-Syria Border Region Between 1000 CE and the Present, and Their Relevance for the 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık Earthquake Tectonics 2023 42 12 e2023TC007890 10.1029/2023TC007890 free 2023Tecto..4207890C Impact The shock affected a 220 km long by 120 km wide area that encompassed the districts of Kubeli, Behesni, Hisn-Mansur, Akcedağ, Karakiahta and Mirdis. A total of 885 people died and 164 were injured. In Akcedağ, 2,719 of its 11,740 homes were totally destroyed, 1,345 were uninhabitable and 2,195 were damaged. An estimated 5,100 homes in the villages between Malatya and Pütürge were destroyed; the remaining 1,900 were damaged. In these villages, 42 marketplaces, two mosques, a church and school were also destroyed. The death toll in the villages stood at 285 and 77 were injured. At least 3,260 sheep and 226 cattle also died. In Adıyaman, 22 died and 26 were injured; a third of its 3,500 homes were razed; another third were damaged. Eight villages near Malatya were demolished and 124 deaths were reported. In Malatya, homes were damaged though few collapsed; about 300 people died. Three churches, 47 mosques, 14 religious schools, the barracks in the town and two telegraph stations were razed. Some homes and government buildings in Elbistan and Gaziantep were destroyed. Aftershocks which were felt until 12 March caused further damage.Ambraseys N. N. Temporary seismic quiescence: SE Turkey Geophysical Journal International 1 February 1989 96 2 311–331 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb04453.x 1989GeoJI..96..311A free A cholera outbreak the same year killed 896 people. The reconstruction of demolished buildings began in 1894. http://www.islamansiklopedisi.info/ Malatya İslâm Ansiklopedisi Türk Diyanet Vakfı 468–473 2003 27 2023-03-02 2015-12-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20151228182743/http://www.islamansiklopedisi.info/ dead See also List of historical earthquakes List of earthquakes in Turkey References Category:1893 earthquakes Category:March 1893 in Asia Category:Earthquakes in Turkey Category:History of Malatya Province Category:1893 in the Ottoman Empire Category:History of Malatya