1931 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1931 Tour de France Route of the 1931 Tour de France.png Route of the 1931 Tour de France followed counterclockwise, starting in Paris 360px 30 June – 26 July 1931 24 5091 km 177h 10' 03" Antonin Magne FRA yellow France Jef Demuysere BEL Belgium Antonio Pesenti ITA 1861 Italy Belgium 1930 1932 The 1931 Tour de France was the 25th edition of the Tour de France, which took place from 30 June to 26 July. It consisted of 24 stages over 5091 km 0 on. The race was won by French cyclist Antonin Magne. The sprinters Charles Pélissier and Rafaele di Paco both won five stages.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/histoire.html The Tour - year 1931 Amaury Sport Organisation 30 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090716153323/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/histoire.html 16 July 2009 dead dmy-all The cyclists were separated into national teams and touriste-routiers, who were grouped into regional teams. In some stages (2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 12), the national teams started 10 minutes before the touriste-routiers. One of these touriste-routiers was Max Bulla. In the second stage, when the touriste-routiers started 10 minutes later than the national teams, Bulla overtook the national teams, won the stage and took the lead, the only time in history that a touriste-routier was leading the Tour de France.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 Innovations and changes In 1931, the touriste-routiers started 10 minutes later than the national teams in some stages (2, 3, 4, 6, and 12). The number of rest days in the Tour de France was reduced to three. The time bonus for the winner, which had been used before in the 1924 Tour de France, was reintroduced. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1931 Tour de France For the second year, the race was run in the national team format, with six different teams. Belgium, Italy, Germany and France each sent a team with eight cyclists. Australia and Switzerland sent a combined team, each with four cyclists. The last team was the Spanish team, with only one cyclist. In addition, 40 cyclists joined as touriste-routiers.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1931 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 The French team was favourite, because they had dominated the 1930 Tour. The most competition was expected from the Belgian team, followed by the Italian team.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 Race overview 1931 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 12 1931 Tour de France, Stage 13 to Stage 24 thumb|upright|Antonin Magne, the winner of the 1931 Tour de France In the early flat stages, the sprinters dominated. In the second stage, Austrian Max Bulla won the stage. He was a touriste-routier, and had started ten minutes later than the A-class cyclists. He became the first, and only, touriste-routier to lead the Tour de France, and as of 2011 is the only Austrian to have led the race.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 Max Bulla was the only Austrian cyclist to win a stage in the Tour de France until 2005, when Georg Totschnig won the 14th stage.http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/road/2005/tour05/?id=/riders/2005/interviews/georg_totschnig_tour1405 An interview with Georg Totschnig, July 16, 2005 - His greatest sporting moment Cyclingnews 16 July 2005 30 September 2009 After the fifth stage, Charles Pélissier and Rafaele di Paco shared the lead, thanks to the time bonus.http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1931.php 1931: Magne makes his mark Tom James 15 August 2003 30 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20190423042734/http://veloarchive.com/races/tour/1931.php 23 April 2019 live After the seventh stage, the race was still completely open: the first 30 cyclists in the general classification were within 10 minutes of each other.http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden%5Ctourverhalen%5C1931--Antonin-Magne-rijdt-zich-in-zijn-eerste-Tour-helemaal-leeg-513.html 1931: Antonin Magne rijdt zich in zijn eerste Tour helemaal leeg Tourdefrance.nl 19 March 2003 nl 30 September 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20121016215410/http://www.wielercentrum.com/tourdefrance/achtergronden/tourverhalen/1931--Antonin-Magne-rijdt-zich-in-zijn-eerste-Tour-helemaal-leeg-513.html 16 October 2012 usurped The defending champion, André Leducq, was not in good shape. His teammate Antonin Magne took over the leading role in the French team.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1931.htm Barry Boyce 2004 Cycling revealed Two Victories in a Row for Team France 30 September 2009 In the first mountain stage, Belgian Jef Demuysere was away, with Antonin Magne trying to get him back. After a while, Jef Demuysere flatted, and at that moment Magne passed him. Magne had not seen Demuysere, and still thought he was chasing him.McGann McGann 2006 He kept racing as fast as he could, and finished four minutes ahead of Antonio Pesenti. In the next stage, a large group finished together, and Magne was still leading the race with Pesenti as his closest competitor.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 In the fourteenth stage, Pesenti was away with two teammates. The French team tried to get them back, but didn't succeed. In the end, Magne chased them by himself, but he could not get back to the Italians. His lead decreased to five minutes.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 In the fifteenth stage, the Italians tried it again, but they were reeled back in by Charles Pélissier. Then Jef Demuysere got away, and won the stage with a margin of two minutes on Magne.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 Before the penultimate stage, Magne was still leading the race, closely followed by Pesenti. Magne was not sure if he would win the race, because that stage would be over cobbles, on which the Belgian cyclists were considered experts. The night before the stage, Magne could not sleep, and his roommate Leducq suggested that he could read some fan mail. Magne considered reading fan mail before the race was over as giving bad luck, but one oversized letter made him curious. Magne opened it, and read a letter from a fan who claimed that Belgian cyclist Gaston Rebry (who had won the 1931 Paris–Roubaix race over the same cobbles) had written to his mother that he was planning to attack on the penultimate stage, together with Jef Demuysere. Leducq thought the letter was a joke, but Magne did not take the risk and told his teammates to stay close to Rebry and Demuysere.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 After 60 km, Rebry and Demuysere took off, and Magne followed them. The Belgians took turns to attack Magne, but they could not get away from him.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 They finished more than seventeen minutes ahead of Pesenti, which secured the victory for Magne and had Demuysere overtake Pesenti for the second place. Results In stages 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 12, the national teams started 10 minutes before the touriste-routiers; in all other stages all cyclists started together. The cyclist to reach the finish in the least time was the winner of the stage. The time that each cyclist required to finish the stage was recorded. For the general classification, these times were added together. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey. The team classification was calculated by adding up the times in the general classification of the three highest ranking cyclists per team; the team with the least time was the winner. Stage winners Five stages were won by touriste-routiers: Stages 2, 4, 7, 12 and 17, the highest number of stages ever won by touriste-routiers.McGann McGann 2006 100–103 thumb|upright|alt=A man with a dirty face holding his bicycle, spare tires wrapped around his shoulders. In the background a large crowd.|Fabio Battesini, the winner of the third stage + Stage characteristics and winnershttp://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1931.php Mémoire du cyclisme 25ème Tour de France 1931 fr 29 September 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120306131219/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1931.php 6 March 2012 Augendre 2016 29http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1931 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCC https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live 20 April 2009 The history of the Tour de France – Year 1931 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402234528/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeThere was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate which stages included mountains. Winner Race leader 130 June Paris to Caen 208 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Alfred Haemerlinck BEL Alfred Haemerlinck BEL 21 July Caen to Dinan 212 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Max Bulla AUT Max Bulla AUT 32 July Dinan to Brest 206 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Fabio Battesini ITA 1861 Léon Le Calvez FRA 43 July Brest to Vannes 211 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage André Godinat FRA Rafaele di Paco ITA 1861 54 July Vannes to Les Sables d'Olonne 202 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Charles Pélissier FRA Charles Pélissier FRARafaele di Paco ITA 1861After the 5th stage, Pélissier and di Paco had the same time in the general classification. There was no rule for this, so both received the yellow jersey. 65 July Les Sables d'Olonne to Bordeaux 338 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Alfred Haemerlinck BEL Rafaele di Paco ITA 1861 76 July Bordeaux to Bayonne 180 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gérard Loncke BEL Rafaele di Paco ITA 1861 87 July Bayonne to Pau 106 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Charles Pélissier FRA Charles Pélissier FRA 98 July Pau to Luchon 231 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Antonin Magne FRA Antonin Magne FRA 1010 July Luchon to Perpignan 322 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Rafaele di Paco ITA 1861 Antonin Magne FRA 1112 July Perpignan to Montpellier 164 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Rafaele di Paco ITA 1861 Antonin Magne FRA 1213 July Montpellier to Marseille 207 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Max Bulla AUT Antonin Magne FRA 1314 July Marseille to Cannes 181 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Charles Pélissier FRA Antonin Magne FRA 1415 July Cannes to Nice 132 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Eugenio Gestri ITA 1861 Antonin Magne FRA 1517 July Nice to Gap 233 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jef Demuysere BEL Antonin Magne FRA 1618 July Gap to Grenoble 102 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Charles Pélissier FRA Antonin Magne FRA 1719 July Grenoble to Aix-les-Bains 230 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Max Bulla AUT Antonin Magne FRA 1820 July Aix-les-Bains to Evian 204 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jef Demuysere BEL Antonin Magne FRA 1921 July Evian to Belfort 282 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Rafaele di Paco ITA 1861 Antonin Magne FRA 2022 July Belfort to Colmar 209 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) André Leducq FRA Antonin Magne FRA 2123 July Colmar to Metz 192 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Rafaele di Paco ITA 1861 Antonin Magne FRA 2224 July Metz to Charleville 159 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Raffaele di Paco ITA 1861 Antonin Magne FRA 2325 July Charleville to Malo-les-Bains 271 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gaston Rebry BEL Antonin Magne FRA 2426 July Malo-les-Bains to Paris 313 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Charles Pélissier FRA Antonin Magne FRA Total 5091 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 "Stage notes" General classification thumb|upright|alt=A man holding flowers|Louis Peglion, seventh place in the general classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1931 – Stage 24 Malo > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/2400/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220058/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1931/2400/etape.html dead Rank Rider Team Time1 Antonin Magne FRA France 177h 10' 03"2 Jef Demuysere BEL Belgium + 12' 56"3 Antonio Pesenti ITA 1861Italy + 22' 51"4 Gaston Rebry BEL Belgium + 46' 40"5 Maurice De Waele BEL Belgium + 49' 46"6 Julien Vervaecke BEL Belgium + 1h 10' 11"7 Louis Peglion FRA France + 1h 18' 33"8 Erich Metze GER Weimar Germany + 1h 20' 59"9 Albert Büchi SUI Australia/Switzerland + 1h 29' 29"10 André Leducq FRA France + 1h 30' 08" Final general classification (11–35) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Oskar Thierbach GER Weimar Germany + 1h 34' 03" 12 Hubert Opperman AUSAustralia/Switzerland + 1h 36' 43" 13 Benoît Fauré FRAFrance + 1h 40' 38" 14 Charles Pélissier FRAFrance + 1h 45' 11" 15 Max Bulla AUTTouriste-routier + 1h 51' 32" 16 Kurt Stöpel GER Weimar Germany + 2h 05' 58" 17 Rafaele Di Paco ITA 1861 Italy + 2h 11' 11" 18 Alfons Schepers BELBelgium + 2h 15' 27" 19 Ludwig Geyer GER Weimar Germany + 2h 16' 22" 20 Herbert Sieronski GER Weimar Germany + 2h 23' 40" 21 Roger Pipoz SUIAustralia/Switzerland + 2h 25' 19" 22 Hermann Buse GER WeimarGermany + 2h 28' 22" 23 Alfred Siegel GER WeimarGermany + 2h 36' 06" 24 Marius Guiramand FRATouriste-routier + 3h 05' 39" 25 Michele Orecchia ITA 1861Italy + 3h 09' 26" 26 André Van Vierst FRATouriste-routier + 3h 33' 44" 27 Joseph Mauclair FRAFrance + 3h 41' 22" 28 Louis Bajard FRATouriste-routier + 4h 06' 02" 29 Fernand Fayolle FRATouriste-routier + 4h 20' 58" 30 Fabio Battesini ITA 1861 Italy + 4h 39' 43" 31 Lazare Venot FRATouriste-routier + 4h 42' 04" 32 Jean Maréchal FRA France + 4h 43' 15" 33 Julius Goedhuys BELTouriste-routier + 4h 47' 09" 34 François Henri FRATouriste-routier + 5h 13' 00" 35 Richard Lamb AUSAustralia/Switzerland + 6h 27' 06" Team classification thumb|upright|alt=A man with a cap and a jersey that says "Dilecta Wolber"|Jean Maréchal, member of the French team that became second in the team classification + Final team classificationhttp://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k296671v/f7.langFR La challenge international par équipes Le Figaro 27 July 1931 15 April 2012 fr Gallica Bibliothèque Numérique 7 Rank Team Time1 Belgium 533h 19' 31"2 France + 57' 19"3 Germany + 3h 11' 38"4 Australia/Switzerland + 3h 53' 54"5 Italy + 4h 00' 06" Other classifications The organisers, from the newspaper l'Auto, named a meilleur grimpeur (best climber), an unofficial precursor to the modern King of the Mountains competition. This award was won by Jef Demuysere.http://www.tour-giro-vuelta.net Tour-giro-vuelta 29 September 2009 Michiel van Lonkhuyzen Aftermath After the Tour de France was over, the winner Antonin Magne was so tired that he had to rest for several weeks. Notes References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 PDF Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 72–73 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1931 Tour de France 1 12 13 24 Category:1931 in road cycling Category:1931 in French sport 1931 Tour de France Category:June 1931 sports events in Europe