2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami

2010 Indonesian earthquake and tsunami 2010 Mentawai earthquake 2010-10-25 14:42:22 2010 10 25 y 21:42:22 usp000hnj4 15264887 Shakemap October 2010 Indonesia.jpg Indonesia Sumatra#Indonesia 7.8 w y 20.6 km mi 3.487 S 100.082 E inline,title Indonesia 5 Thrust fault Sunda megathrust 408 dead + 303 missing 16.86 m ft The 2010 Mentawai earthquake occurred with a moment magnitude of 7.8 on 25 October off the western coast of Sumatra at 21:42 local time (14:42 UTC).https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11621977 BBC News – Major earthquake strikes off Indonesia BBC 2010-10-25 2010-10-26 The earthquake occurred on the same subduction zone that produced the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. It was widely felt across the provinces of Bengkulu and West Sumatra and resulted in a substantial localized tsunami that struck the Mentawai Islands.http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 Tsunami Bulletin Pacific Tsunami Warning Center 2010-10-25 2010-10-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20110223221620/http://www.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=indian.2010.10.25.165759 2011-02-23 dead Tectonic setting The island of Sumatra lies above the Sunda megathrust, the interface between the subducting Australian plate and the overriding Sunda plate. Movement on this structure has been responsible for many large historical megathrust earthquakes. The most recent sequence of large ruptures started with the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and included the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake and the 2007 Sumatra earthquakes.http://tecto.caltech.edu/sumatra/downloads/papers/Snu.pdf The Sunda megathrust: past, present and future Sieh K. 2010-10-26Bürgmann R. 2009 Imperfect dominoes Nature Geoscience 2 2 78–88 http://www.tectonics.caltech.edu/news/docs/ngeo422.pdf 2010-10-26 10.1038/ngeo422 2009NatGe...2...87B Earthquake thumb|left|260px|Map showing previous rupture areas close to the location of the October 2010 earthquake The earthquake occurred around 150 mi km west of Bengkulu, close to the Mentawai Islands, southwest of South Pagai. The USGS first reported the hypocenter of the quake at 20.5 mi km deep, but later changed it to 8.8 mi km deephttps://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39831929 Major quake hits Indonesia 2010-10-25 NBC News 2010-10-27 and then 12.8 mi km. The USGS also estimated the magnitude at 7.5 before revising the measurement to 7.8. The intensity was MM IV in Bengkulu and MM III in Padang.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/a00043nx/us/index.html M7.7 – Kepulauan Mentawai Region, Indonesia 2017-08-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20150426023036/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/a00043nx/us/index.html 2015-04-26 dead The October 2010 earthquake is thought to have been a result of thrust faulting along or near the plate interface from the calculated focal mechanism and the focal depth. Based on the published finite fault map, the earthquake ruptured a 220 × 120 km area of the interface with high slips being concentrated inside a 100 × 80 km patch. According to seismic hazard potentials and deformation features, the Sunda Trench can be divided into several segments. The southern segment lies to the south of Siberut Island. The rupture area of this earthquake is situated within the southern segment, where historical earthquakes include the earthquake of 1797 and the w y ~ 9.0 1833 Sumatra earthquake.http://igpphome.ucsd.edu/~shearer/Files/Sumatra_Papers/deshon_grl05.pdf gl024188 1..5 2019-10-28 Unlike in 2004, the tsunami caused by the October 2010 earthquake did not propagate westwards and other Indian Ocean nations were unaffected. It has been suggested that the tremor may have been a large aftershock of the much larger Sumatran earthquakes of September 2007."Sumatra earthquake and tsunami could herald bigger quake." The Great Beyond, Nature, October 27, 2010 The earthquake occurred around seven hours after the eruption of Mount Merapi on the Indonesian island of Java. However, the two events are not thought to be linked. Impact thumb|right|Epicentre in relation to North and South Pagai The earthquake's worst effects were felt on the remote Mentawai Islands. On the island of South Pagai, the tsunami reached a height of 3 m (9 ft) and swept as far as 600 m (1800 ft) inland. A maximum run-up of 16.86 m ft on at Sibigau Island.Tsunami Event: SUMATRA, INDONESIA https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5342 NGDC According to Indonesian officials, more than 20 villages were hit by the tsunami, displacing more than 20,000 people and affecting about 4,000 households. The coastal village of Betu Monga on South Pagai was reported to have been destroyed with many residents still missing."Indonesia tsunami: Death toll soars to 282". BBC News Online, 19:47 GMT, 27 October 2010. Many residents of the villages of Peurogat and Beleerakso were also reported to be missing. Eighty percent of the houses in the North Pagai village of Muntei Baru were reported damaged or destroyed.http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/we-couldnt-outrun-killer-wave-villager/403642 We Couldn't Outrun Killer Wave: Villager 2010-10-28 TheJakartaGlobe.com Jakarta Globe 2010-10-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20101030074635/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/we-couldnt-outrun-killer-wave-villager/403642 2010-10-30 dead According to a spokesperson for the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), the quake was felt in several mainland towns, but no damage or deaths were reported.http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1089435/1/.html 108 dead, 500 missing after tsunami hits Indonesia channelnewsasia.com 2010-10-26 2010-10-27 2012-10-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20121022220254/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1089435/1/.html dead The Mentawai Islands may have acted as a barrier, shielding the Sumatran coast by absorbing the brunt of the tsunami. As of October 30, 2010, the confirmed death toll stands at 435, with 110 more unaccounted for. Many of the missing are believed to have been swept out to sea. Relief teams were initially unable to reach the islands due to poor weather conditions and rough seas. The Indonesian military was mobilized and international aid organizations also began a relief effort. The first aid began to arrive on October 27, two days after the earthquake and tsunami. Tsunami Many villages on the islands were affected by the tsunami, which reached a height of 3 m (9 ft) and swept as far as 600 m (1800 ft) inland. The tsunami caused widespread destruction that displaced more than 20,000 people and affected about 4,000 households. 435 people were reported to have been killed, with over 100 more still missing. The subsequent relief effort was hampered by bad weather and the remoteness of the islands, which led to delays in the reporting of casualties.https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20101026/ap_on_re_as/as_indonesia_earthquake Nedi John Indonesia tsunami kills 113; scores more missing 2010-10-26 news.yahoo.com Yahoo 2010-10-27 A tsunami run-up of 9.3 meters was recorded on the island of South Pagai. At least 75 people drowned when waves up to 5.5 meters swept the village Purorougat.Kenji Satake Yuichi Nishimura Purna Sulastya Putra Aditya Riadi Gusman Haris Sunendar Yushiro Fujii Yuichiro Tanioka Hamzah Latief Eko Yulianto Tsunami Source of the 2010 Mentawai, Indonesia Earthquake Inferred from Tsunami Field Survey and Waveform Modeling Pure and Applied Geophysics 2013 170 9–10 1567–1582 10.1007/s00024-012-0536-y 2013PApGe.170.1567S 129875948 free Located off South Pagai is Sibigau Island, where the maximum tsunami run-up height was 16.7 meters. The tsunami was also recorded in the southern part of Siberut, where it was at least 1 meter high.Hill Emma M. Borrero Jose C. Huang Zhenhua Qiu Qiang Banerjee Paramesh Natawidjaja Danny H. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Elosegui Pedro Fritz Hermann M. Suwargadi Bambang W. Pranantyo Ignatius Ryan Li LinLin Macpherson Kenneth A. Skanavis Vassilis Synolakis Costas E. Sieh Kerry The 2010 Mw 7.8 Mentawai earthquake: Very shallow source of a rare tsunami earthquake determined from tsunami field survey and near-field GPS data Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2012 117 B6 10.1029/2012JB009159 American Geophysical Union 2012JGRB..117.6402H 10220/8666 free Aftershocks Several aftershocks have been recorded since the initial quake,https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/10/100_-5_eqs.php Earthquake List for 10-degree Map Centered at 5°S, 100°E United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101029055754/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/10/100_-5_eqs.php 2010-10-29 the more significant of which are listed below. 5.0 – 25 October 15:21:12 UTChttps://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jOdffOzPaVp4eSUDnE5CfTjRGRJA?docId=a2ed41447c4b411a9918913fd4f385c1 The Associated Press: 7.7-magnitude quake hits off Indonesian island Associated Press 2010-10-25 2010-10-27June 2024 medicmedic 6.1 – 25 October 19:37:30 UTChttps://montrealgazette.com/news/Major+quake+strikes+Indonesia/3722349/story.html Major 7.7 quake strikes Indonesia Agence France-Presse 2010-10-25 Montreal Gazette 2010-10-27September 2018 InternetArchiveBot yes 4.9 – 25 October 22:10:03 UTChttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044ca.php Magnitude 4.9 – KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI REGION, INDONESIA 2010-10-25 United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101028120956/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044ca.php 2010-10-28 6.2 – 25 October 22:59:53 UTChttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044dt.php Magnitude 6.2 – KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI REGION, INDONESIA 2010-10-25 United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101027101215/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044dt.php 2010-10-27 5.3 – 26 October 10:51:25 UTChttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044md.php Magnitude 5.3 – SOUTHWEST OF SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2010-10-26 United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101029031012/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044md.php 2010-10-29 5.3 – 26 October 11:33:21 UTChttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044ms.php Magnitude 5.3 – KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI REGION, INDONESIA 2010-10-26 United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101029025609/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044ms.php 2010-10-29 5.0 – 26 October 19:40:41 UTChttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010cwcf.php Magnitude 5.0 – SOUTHWEST OF SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2010-10-26 United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101028202040/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2010cwcf.php 2010-10-28 5.0 – 26 October 23:09:47 UTChttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044yn.php Magnitude 5.0 – SOUTHWEST OF SUMATRA, INDONESIA 2010-10-26 United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101030142248/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044yn.php 2010-10-30 5.8 – 26 October 23:45:38 UTChttps://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044z1.php Magnitude 5.8 – KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI REGION, INDONESIA 2010-10-26 United States Geological Survey 2010-10-27 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101029173117/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usa00044z1.php 2010-10-29 Early warning system problems The BMKG issued a tsunami warning based on seismographic data.https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSGE69O0K120101025 Tsunami warning relaxed after Indonesia quake 2010-10-25 Reuters 2010-10-26 An alert was broadcast from radios and mosque loudspeakers on the mainland, prompting thousands to flee to higher ground. It was later cancelled, but officials said that a tsunami warning system installed following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami had failed to function properly. According to Indonesian officials, two of the system's buoys out at sea had been vandalised and were inoperative.Indonesian tsunami warning system 'was not working'. Daily Telegraph, 6:13PM BST, 26 October 2010. The claim of a breakdown was disputed by German officials who were working with the Indonesians to maintain and develop the system. Jörn Lauterjung, the head of the German-Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning Project, said that it had "worked very well", only one sensor had not been working and its failure had not harmed the system's operation. However, the epicentre of the earthquake was so close to the islands that a warning would probably have been too late in any case, as the tsunami only took about five to ten minutes to reach Pagai. Response Indonesia Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono interrupted a state visit to Vietnam to head to the Mentawai Islands, which he toured on 28 October."Toll Passes 270 in Indonesia Tsunami Disaster https://web.archive.org/web/20101030082718/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/home/toll-passes-270-in-indonesia-tsunami-disaster/403570 2010-10-30 ". The Jakarta Globe, October 27, 2010 Boediono, the Vice President of Indonesia, visited the disaster area by helicopter on 27 October and called for better coordination of the aid effort. He encouraged Indonesians to "be tough in facing disasters", saying that "we must be prepared for whatever happens, just as our ancestors were over thousands of years". Australia Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard issued a statement of condolences, saying: "I deeply regret the loss of life and the damage caused, and, of course, our thoughts go out to the families and loved ones of the people affected". She told the Australian Parliament that "the Australian Government has offered assistance to the Government of Indonesia should this be needed.""Australia offers disaster assistanceSeptember 2018 InternetArchiveBot yes ." Canberra Times, 28 October 2010 Canada Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister Lawrence Cannon released a statement saying, "Canada’s condolences to the people of Indonesia following the recent natural disasters that have struck the country. "Canada is deeply concerned for the people of Indonesia, as they deal with the impacts of the recent tsunami and volcanic eruption", said Minister Cannon. "On behalf of all Canadians, I offer our deepest sympathy to the families and friends of those killed, and wish a quick recovery to the injured. Canada stands ready to provide support to the people of Indonesia if requested. We have received no reports to date of Canadian deaths or injuries due to these disasters. Canadian officials in Ottawa and at the Canadian Embassy in Jakarta continue to monitor the impact of the disasters and remain in close contact with Indonesian authorities. We invite Canadian citizens in the affected area, even if they have not been affected by these events, to call home and reassure their loved ones."http://www.international.gc.ca/media/aff/news-communiques/2010/346.aspx?lang=eng Canada Offers Condolences Following Natural Disasters in Indonesia Foreign Affairs Canada 2010-10-27 People's Republic of China Chinese Foreign Affairs Minister Yang Jiechi said in a statement "I wish to extend... my solicitude and condolences to the people affected by the disaster." Philippines Philippines Foreign Affairs Secretary Alberto G. Romulo, who was in Hanoi, Vietnam to attend the 17th ASEAN Summit, directed his department to get ready to assist Indonesia. The Philippines Embassy in Jakarta said in a statement that "The [Philippines] Embassy ...stands ready to provide assistance, if needed," adding all Filipinos in Indonesia are safe.World mourns over Indonesia's double disasters http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/10/28/world-mourns-over-indonesia’s-double-disasters.html The Jakarta Post 2010-10-28 2013-10-11 https://web.archive.org/web/20150427012929/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/10/28/world-mourns-over-indonesia%E2%80%99s-double-disasters.html 2015-04-27 dead Portugal Portuguese President Aníbal Cavaco Silva sent his Indonesian counterpart a letter of condolences. He expressed his and Portugal's support for the country in such troubling times.March 2022 Japan Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan and Minister for Foreign Affairs Seiji Maehara sent messages to President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs Marty Natalegawa expressing their condolences and sympathy.Concerning the Earthquake off the Mentawai Island Group, West Sumatra Province, and the Eruption of Mt. Merapi on Central Java Island, the Republic of Indonesia (Messages of Sympathy from Prime Minister Naoto Kan and Minister for Foreign Affairs Seiji Maehara) http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2010/10/1027_05.html Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan October 27, 2010 2013-10-11 United States United States President Barack Obama said in a statement: "Michelle and I are deeply saddened by the loss of life, injuries, and damage that have occurred as a result of the recent earthquake and tsunami in West Sumatra. At the same time, I am heartened and encouraged by the remarkable resiliency of the Indonesian people and the commitment of their Government to rapidly assist the victims. As a friend of Indonesia, the United States stands ready to help in any way. Meanwhile, our thoughts and prayers are with the Indonesian people and all those affected by this tragedy."Statement by the President on the Tsunami in Indonesia 2010-10-26 Embassy of the United States Jakarta, Indonesia http://jakarta.usembassy.gov/pr_10262010_2.html 2010-10-27 https://web.archive.org/web/20101101110903/http://jakarta.usembassy.gov/pr_10262010_2.html 2010-11-01 dead See also List of earthquakes in 2010 List of earthquakes in Indonesia List of tsunamis affecting Indonesia References Sumatra 2010 usp000hnj4 M 7.8 – Kepulauan Mentawai region, Indonesia 2 October 2018 cs1 https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=-3.76+99.69&um=1&ie=UTF-8 Google Maps Google News Google Maps 2010-10-27 Toni O'Loughlin in Jakarta, Robert Booth and Matthew Weaver Indonesia death toll reaches 300 with more feared after twin disasters The Guardian 2010-10-27 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/27/indonesia-tsunami-earthquake-death-toll 2013-10-11 Indonesian Volcano Unleashes Biggest Blast Yet NPR 2010-10-28 https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130877642 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20101030231330/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130877642 2010-10-30 2013-10-11 Bayo Ismoyu Indonesia Battles Disasters on Two Fronts Jakarta Globe 2010-10-30 http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/indonesia-battles-disasters-on-two-fronts/404050 dead 2013-10-11 https://web.archive.org/web/20120925114032/http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/news/indonesia-battles-disasters-on-two-fronts/404050 2012-09-25 External links Magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes off Indonesia coast 113 dead and hundreds missing in Indonesia after tsunami destroys island villages 25 October 2010, Mw 7.7, Mentawai Region, Indonesia – International Tsunami Information Center The 25 October 2010 Mentawai Earthquake and Tsunami – University of Southern California 15264887 eq-2010-000213-idn Mentawai Category:Earthquakes in Indonesia Mentawai Mentawai Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia Mentawai earthquake, 2010 Mentawai earthquake, 2010 Category:Earthquakes in Sumatra Category:October 2010 in Indonesia Category:Tsunami earthquakes