14 Wall Street

Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York September 2025 September 2024 14 Wall Street 14 Wall Street New York.jpg 180px Bankers Trust Company Building 8–20 Wall StreetManhattan, New York 10005U.S. yes 40 42 27 N 74 00 39 W inline,title type:landmark_region:US-NY Complete Neoclassical 1910 1912 May 20, 1912 1931–1933 Office 540 ft 32 (+7 attic)3rd-story 34 1,100,000 ft2 Trowbridge & Livingston Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Marc Eidlitz & Son Bankers Trust 14 Wall Street Holdings yes New York City Landmark 1949 January 14, 1997 NRHP-CP Wall Street Historic District 07000063 February 20, 2007 14 Wall Street, originally the Bankers Trust Company Building, is a skyscraper at the intersection of Wall Street and Nassau Street in the Financial District of Manhattan in New York City. The building is 540 ft m tall, with 32 usable floors.stories The original 540-foot tower is at the southeastern corner of the site, and a shorter annex wraps around the original tower. The original tower was erected on the site of the Stevens Building at 12–14 Wall Street and the Gillender Building at 16 Wall Street. It was built in 1910–1912 and was designed by Trowbridge & Livingston in the neoclassical style as the headquarters for Bankers Trust. A 25-story addition with Art Deco detailing, designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, was constructed in 1931–1933 to replace three other structures. After new buildings for Bankers Trust were erected in 1962 and 1974, the company moved employees away from 14 Wall Street, and eventually sold the building in 1987. 14 Wall Street's tower incorporates a seven-story pyramidal roof inspired by the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. The interior of the building contained numerous amenities that were considered state-of-the-art at the time of its construction; the first three floors were used as Bankers Trust's headquarters, while the rest were rented to tenants. A notable building in Manhattan's skyline in the early 20th century, the building was featured prominently in Bankers Trust's early imagery. The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1997. It is also a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places district created in 2007. Site Gillender Building#Site thumb|left|upright|The Gillender Building (left) and Hanover National Building (right) previously occupied the site of 14 Wall Street. 14 Wall Street is in the Financial District of Manhattan, bounded by Nassau Street to the east, Wall Street to the south, and Pine Street to the north.http://maps.nyc.gov/ NYCityMap NYC.gov New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications March 20, 2020 May 24, 2015 https://archive.today/20150524114059/http://maps.nyc.gov/ live The lot has dimensions of 160 ft on Wall Street, 173 ft on Nassau Street, and 178 ft on Pine Street.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 5–6 The lot has a total area of 32947 ft2.14 Wall Street, 10005 https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/46/9#16.07/40.707631/-74.00815 September 8, 2020 New York City Department of City Planning April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220850/https://zola.planning.nyc.gov/l/lot/1/46/9#16.07/40.707631/-74.00815 live Nearby buildings include the Equitable Building to the north, Federal Hall National Memorial (formerly the sub-Treasury building) at 26 Wall Street to the east, 23 Wall Street to the southeast, the New York Stock Exchange Building to the south, 1 Wall Street to the southwest, and 100 Broadway to the west. An entrance to the Broad Street station of the New York City Subway, serving the Nassau south, is directly to the southeast.Lower Manhattan The original building is located at the southeast corner of the site, which was previously occupied by the Stevens and Gillender buildings. In 1880, the Sampson family developed their lots along 12–14 Wall Street into the Stevens Building, which stood until 1910. Sixteen years later, Helen L. Gillender Asinari, owner of the adjoining six-story office building on the northeast corner of Wall and Nassau Streets, decided to replace it with the 300 ft m mid -tall, 20-story Gillender Building, which was completed in 1897 and demolished in 1910. The two lots, combined, had a nearly square footprint measuring about 100 by 100 ft.The New York Times reported that the two buildings occupied a site measuring 94 ft m on Wall Street and 102 ft m on Nassau Street. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission states that the site measures 97 ft on Wall Street and 94 ft m on Nassau Street. The annex occupies the remainder of the plot and is L-shaped in plan.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 5 Prior to the construction of the annex, the land below it was occupied by three buildings. The seven-story Astor Building was located at 10–12 Wall Street, directly to the west of the original tower.https://www.nytimes.com/1919/08/06/archives/buys-plot-in-pine-street-bankers-trust-co-ready-for-an-extension-of.html Buys Plot in Pine Street; Bankers Trust Co. Ready for an Extension of Its Building. August 6, 1919 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103083253/https://www.nytimes.com/1919/08/06/archives/buys-plot-in-pine-street-bankers-trust-co-ready-for-an-extension-of.html liveSeptember 11, 1929 Bankers Trust Buys Hanover Bank Building: 21-Story Structure at Pine and Nassau Streets Is Already Taken Over Price Kept Confidential Company's Statement Shows 510 Million in Deposits 2 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1111736279 The Hanover National Building at 5–11 Nassau Street, erected in 1903,January 17, 1903 Hanover National Bank Moving. en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1903/01/17/archives/hanover-national-bank-moving.html September 7, 2020 0362-4331 November 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201116184334/https://www.nytimes.com/1903/01/17/archives/hanover-national-bank-moving.html live was a 21-story building north of the original Bankers Trust Building, which extended to Pine Street. The final building on the lot was 7 Pine Street, a 10-story building to the northwest of the original tower.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49468167/ Bankers Trust Co. Buys Ten-Story Pine Street Building August 6, 1919 New-York Tribune March 24, 2020 17 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220902/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49468167/bankers-trust-co-buys-ten-story-pine/ live Architecture 14 Wall Street is approximately 540 ft m tall, with 32 usable above-ground floorsstories Emporis claims that this building has 29 stories beneath its roof, but contemporary sources cite this building as having 32 stories. Several other sources cite the building as having 41 stories in total, although these sources do not specify the floor count of the roof or the main tower.Abramson 2001 . 38 Further complicating the issue, the current third story was created when the building was renovated in 1931–1933; prior to this, 14 Wall Street was considered to have 31 stories. and a seven-story pyramidal roof at its top, which contains seven storage levels.https://www.emporis.com/buildings/114527/14-wall-new-york-city-ny-usa 14 Wall Emporis April 23, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051419/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/114527/14-wall-new-york-city-ny-usa May 2, 2019 usurpedApril 23, 1910 The Third Tallest Tower https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_045_17.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 85 864 columbia.edu 2197 April 25, 2020 May 23, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200523073124/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_045_17.pdf live In addition, 14 Wall Street contains four basement levels; the topmost basement is partially raised above ground level.Landau Condit 1996 . 380 The original structure was designed by Trowbridge & Livingston for Bankers Trust and was built between 1910 and 1912.Abramson 2001 . 13Macaulay-Lewis 2021 . 74 An addition to the north and west was designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and constructed between 1931 and 1933.Abramson 2001 . 40 This addition is about 325 ft tall. 14 Wall Street's "granite-clad roof and its specifically Greek architectural motifs", as described by architectural writer Sarah Landau, which were a departure from earlier designs.. Landau Condit 1996 379 The architects wrote that the style had been chosen for its "simplicity and grace, as well as its supreme dignity and seriousness", which fit both the site and the building's use. Inspirations include the Erechtheion, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, and "ancient Macedonian prototypes".May 1912 The Bankers Trust Company Building New York Architect 6 245 , cited in Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 3 Form right horizontal 250 Tombeau de Mausole (Barclay) crop.jpg Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, concept CampanileSanMarco.jpg St Mark's Campanile The original structure is a 39-story tower without any setbacks, composed of 32 stories topped by a seven-story roof.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 6 The concept behind the original structure's design was to place a pyramidal roof, similar to that of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, on top of a tower like Venice's St Mark's Campanile bell tower.Macaulay-Lewis 2021 . 76 Trowbridge wanted to enhance "the beauty of the upper part of building by a loggia and a stone pyramid, in place of the usual flat or mansard roof." This was one of the first times a pyramidal roof had been used in a skyscraper (after only the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower);Lehman Arnold L. https://books.google.com/books?id=zbehnQEACAAJ The New York Skyscraper: A History of Its Development, 1870–1939 Yale University 1974 115 previous tall structures had been capped by a cupola, spire, or tempietto.Gray Christopher https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/realestate/21scap.html Bankers Trust: The Building Known for Its Ziggurat Top January 21, 2007 The New York Times April 22, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20190908155533/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/realestate/21scap.html September 8, 2019 live The rest of the building is surrounded by a 25-story annex, which wraps around the western and northern sides of the original tower.19 The Wall Street side has setbacks at the 15th, 22nd, and 25th floors and the Nassau Street side has a setback at the 23rd floor. The Pine Street side has a light court above the 11th story, which cuts through the center of that side. Facade Original building The facade is clad with 8,000 ST LT t of New England granite from several quarries.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49458977/ New Bankers Trust Building Unique Addition to Skyline December 3, 1911 The New York Times April 24, 2020 52 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220925/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49458977/new-bankers-trust-building-unique/ liveThe Bankers Magazine 1912 . 47 The original tower is arranged into four sections: a base of 5 stories, a midsection of 21 stories, a top section of 6 stories (including the 32nd-story penthouse), and the roof. The base was originally four stories, but the present third floor was added in the 1931–1933 renovation. On each side are five window bays, each of which contain two windows per floor. The design of each side is largely identical, except that the western facade's midsection is made of brick rather than granite. The windows originally had wood frames covered with metal.Springer 1912 . 81 thumb|left|Original tower (center) and annexes (near left and near right). To the far left is the New York Stock Exchange Building, while Federal Hall National Memorial is at bottom right, and Equitable Building is at far right. Because 14 Wall Street was surrounded on all sides by other skyscrapers, thereby limiting visibility of the lower section, the lower floors were designed with intricate detail. The upper basement and the first floor were arranged as a stylobate that supported a colonnade above it.Springer 1912 . 79 The basement facade is smooth, while the first-floor facade consists of rusticated blocks. An entrance porch, with the address 16 Wall Street, faces the Wall Street side. A colonnade above it spans the second through fourth floors. The colonnade consists of Greek fluted columns, molded belt courses, and moldings and was "almost Puritanical in its simplicity".Architecture 1912 . 70 The facade of the lower stories was rearranged slightly when the current third story was created, with new spandrel panels being added to separate the double-height windows that formerly spanned the double-height second story. The fifth story is the topmost story of the base and has a deep cornice at the top.Nash Eric Manhattan Skyscrapers https://archive.org/details/manhattanskyscra00nash_0 registration Princeton Architectural Press 2005 978-1-56898-652-4 New York 15 407907000Stichweh Dirk New York Skyscrapers Prestel Publishing 2016 978-3-7913-8226-5 18 923852487 The cornice contains motifs of lions' heads and rosettes. The midsection begins at the sixth story and rises through the 26th story. It is mostly faced in buff-colored granite. Each bay contains two windows. There are slightly projecting vertical piers separating each bay, except at the corners, which have grooves that make them appear as though they were panels. There is a band course above the sixth floor. Otherwise, the midsection lacks horizontal ornamentation. The 27th through 31st stories are decorated with engaged Ionic columns in antis. On the 27th through 29th stories, the north, east, and south facades are set back behind colonnades, while the west facade extends outward to the columns of the colonnade. Trowbridge and Livingston had wanted the colonnade on the 27th through 29th stories to contain double columns, as they believed a colonnade of single columns did not suggest "a sufficient massiveness to correspond with the building as a whole". Rectangular windows are located on the 30th and 31st stories, with a cornice between the stories. The 32nd floor is slightly set back and serves as a penthouse. A molded cornice runs above the 32nd story.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 7 The roof is made of massive granite blocks and measures 94 ft tall, with a base of 70 ft square.The Bankers Magazine 1912 . 48 There are 23 or 24 steps between the bottom and top of the roof; each step measures 3 ft 9.25 in high and 1 ft 4 in deep. The roof also has a smokestack measuring 6 ft in diameter, from which smoke is ventilated. Annex The annex's facade is made of granite at the base and limestone on the upper stories. It was designed to defer to the "solid and robust architecture" of the original building.Shreve 1933 . 132 The facade of the annex is arranged in two styles. The Wall Street facade contains setbacks at lower stories, and the window arrangement is aligned with that of the original building. The base consists of four stories. Like the original tower, the first floor is rusticated, and the second through fourth floors contain a colonnade. On upper stories, wide piers divide each bay, and narrow piers divide each window. The piers are ribbed and are designed in a modernistic style. The spandrels between each row of windows are ornamented aluminum panels. The combination of piers, spandrels, and windows create a pattern of vertical striping.Abramson 2001 . 115 The Pine Street and Nassau Street facades are more modern in design, with motifs in the Modern Classic and Art Deco styles. Due to variations in the lot lines on the annex's site, the annex projects 16 ft further onto the street than did the original building. In addition to an entrance at the center of the annex's Nassau Street side, there are service entrances on Pine Street.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 8 The annex facades contain carved ornament, curved piers at the base, wrought-iron gates and grilles, and an eagle sculpture above the entrance on Nassau Street. There are five bays on Nassau Street and eleven on Pine Street; the bays each contain between one and three windows. The base is two stories tall, excluding the basement, which is partially visible as Nassau Street slopes downward from Pine Street toward Wall Street. The design of the upper stories' facade is similar to that on the Wall Street side. Structural features For the foundation of 14 Wall Street, caissons were sunk around the site's perimeter, reaching to the layer of rock 65 ft below the street. Concrete was then poured in between these caissons to create a watertight cofferdam measuring 6 to 7 ft thick.Springer 1912 . 79–80 The membrane was needed because the surrounding ground was filled with quicksand. Afterward, the lot was excavated, the Gillender Building's foundations were removed, and deep foundations were placed within the lot. Due to high pressure on the cofferdam, temporary timber trusses were used to brace the cofferdam. A 3 ft m -thick mid pad of concrete, overlaid with waterproof cement, was then placed at the bottom of the pit. The method was not only cheaper than the then-standard method of driving caissons down to bedrock, but also provided more basement space, as the basements were not interrupted by piers for the foundation.March 25, 1915 Model Bank Building Seen at Exposition: Reproduction of New Bankers Trust Company Structure, New York, Made a Feature at Panama-Pacific Fair 8 The Christian Science Monitor 509343224 The superstructure contains more than 8,000 ST LT t us of steel. The second floor does not contain any columns because of the elaborate network of heavy trusses used to support the outer walls.Springer 1912 . 80 "Unusually heavy bracing" is used to support the fourth floor.Springer 1912 . 80–81 There are also four large trusses, two each at the fifth and 29th floors; they each measure 12 ft thick and weigh 50 ST LT t. A standard girder-and-column steel structure is used for the rest of the building. The steel frame includes about 39 tiers of beams, which extend to 537 ft above ground. Thirty-six columns carry the building's estimated dead load of 47102 ST LT t. The largest columns are 500 ft tall and carry loads of up to 2,200 ST LT t. Interior The builders ensured that 14 Wall Street would be constructed with fireproof material. Metal was used in place of the wood trim that was used for decoration in other buildings, and a sprinkler system was placed in the roof. Bankers Trust offices thumb|The lower portion of the shared elevator shaft, within the Bankers Trust offices, was covered in marble, while the upper portion was plate glass. Bankers Trust's offices occupied basement levels A and B, as well as the first, second, and fourth stories.Willis Carol https://books.google.com/books?id=8ITT7GXSQnIC&q=Gillender+Building&pg=PA150 Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and Skylines in New York and Chicago Princeton Architectural Press 1995 978-1-56898-044-7 150May 16, 1912 Bankers Trust's Home: Safety and Elegance the Characteristics of Its Offices 11 New-York Tribune 5749186623rd-story 3rd storyThe second story was initially outfitted with a double-height ceiling. The original third floor is now the fourth story; the current third story was created in 1933 during the building's expansion. In this article, the "third story" refers to the upper level created when the second story was divided into lower and upper portions. The offices housed the banking, trust, and foreign departments of Bankers Trust.May 2, 1912 Financial: The New Building of the Bankers Trust Company The Independent ... Devoted to the Consideration of Politics, Social and Economic Tendencies, History, Literature, and the Arts 72 3309 974 90514112 These offices were designed "in a pure classic style"; the metalwork in the offices was a light-colored bronze, while Italian marble lined the main banking spaces on the first and second floors. At the time of the building's opening, The Bankers Magazine observed that the offices used modular equipment that could be moved easily in case the company needed to expand. Further, the floor surfaces were made of cork, and each department had telephone service.The Bankers Magazine 1912 . 49–50 Pneumatic tube systems made it easy to send papers between different departments and to a lawyer's office on the 26th story. The second floor contained the main banking room, with tellers' windows, trust departments, and other banking departments. The main banking room was designed in a Greek styleMacaulay-Lewis 2021 . 77 and had 27 ft -high mid ceilings;Dunlap David W. January 31, 2001 Commercial Real Estate; Seeking New Uses for Mighty Banking Chambers of the Past en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/31/nyregion/commercial-real-estate-seeking-new-uses-for-mighty-banking-chambers-of-the-past.html May 6, 2021 0362-4331 March 18, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220318180901/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/31/nyregion/commercial-real-estate-seeking-new-uses-for-mighty-banking-chambers-of-the-past.html live the walls were clad in Tavernelle marble for their full height. The tellers' counters originally aligned with the exterior windows. There was a small room on the south side of the second floor, which was dedicated to Henry Pomeroy Davison of the bank's executive committee. Three elevators connected the Bankers Trust office floors and rose only to the fourth floor. Unusual for buildings of the time, the lower portion of the shared elevator shaft was covered in marble, while the upper portion was plate glass. The fourth floor contained the boardroom and clerical force. The boardroom's walls and table were made of Circassian walnut, and there was enough space for 38 people to sit around the table. At the center of the Wall Street side, a wide staircase led to the first floor. Initially, this was the main entrance to the Bankers Trust offices. The lobby contains a bronze gate with symbols of capitalist enterprises such as metallurgy, shipping, construction, power, agriculture, manufacturing, and mining. Allegorical paintings in the lobby depicted similar motifs. When the building was expanded from 1931 to 1933, the former banking room on the first floor was converted into an officers' seating area, and the floor level was raised to harmonize with the new extension. The double-height second story was divided into two stories, and the third story was created.3rd-story The new addition, with the address 16 Wall Street, contained a T-shaped banking room covering 10,000 ft2, with "a forest of squared-off, trunk-like columns clad in Oregon myrtle".https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/27/realestate/postings-skyscraper-museum-s-new-exhibit-16-wall-street-building-empire-state.html Postings: Skyscraper Museum's New Exhibit, At 16 Wall Street; 'Building the Empire State' September 27, 1998 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20180131160056/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/27/realestate/postings-skyscraper-museum-s-new-exhibit-16-wall-street-building-empire-state.html January 31, 2018 live The new banking room's coved ceiling was 27 ft tall. Basements The building has four basement levels, two of which were occupied by Bankers Trust's safe-deposit vault. Described by The Bankers Magazine as "the strongest vault in the world", the vault measured 28 by 32 ft across. The vault weighed 1550 ST LT t and had 160 safe-deposit boxes; the vault door alone weighed 40 ST LT t. The vault walls were 28 in thick, with 24 in of concrete and 4 in of "shock and drill-proof steel".The Bankers Magazine 1912 . 55 This would prevent both standard explosives and oxyacetylene cutters from penetrating the vault. The columns and beams that reinforce the vault are so strong that "a shock sufficient to disturb the vault would bring the building down in ruins upon it".The Bankers Magazine 1912 . 57 Inside, the vault was split into numerous aisles with combination locks; each safe in the vault required two officers to open.The Bankers Magazine 1912 . 58 When the building was completed, the basement also had a mail carriers' station, where couriers could collect packages and deliver them to tenants. The third basement contained ventilation openings and fans, while the fourth and deepest basement contained the power and steam plants. Upper stories The remaining stories were rented to various tenants.14 The office stories contained floor surfaces made of concrete, as well as walls of marble, plaster, and terracotta. As a fireproofing measure, the doors, window sash, and trim were made of metal; the trim was then finished to look like mahogany. Each story contained ornate bronze mailboxes that were connected to a set of mail chutes. A continuous 531-step staircase runs from the third floor to the 29th floor. When the building first opened, entry to these floors was via an entrance on the western portion of the Wall Street facade, where a passageway linked to the Hanover Bank Building to the north. During the 1931–1933 expansion, a new entrance was built on Pine Street. The annex's lobby was designed in the Art Deco style.Abramson 2001 . 144 Each story in the annex is at the same height as in the original building, allowing for continuous floor slabs across both structures;June 19, 1931 Bankers Trust Company Will Keep 'Pyramid': Distinctive Top of Wall Street Structure Is to Crown Enlarged Building Pyramid Dominates 41 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1114260195 the expanded floor slabs cover about 23000 ft2 each. The upper stories of the annex have ceiling heights of 13 ft. A system of eleven elevators connected the lobby to the rental floors, consisting of five "express" elevators, five "local" elevators, and one "relief" elevator. The "express" elevators ran nonstop from the lobby to the 16th story and above. The "local" elevators served the lower floors, and the "relief" elevators served all floors. There was an additional elevator serving the 30th through 38th floors.Contemporary sources, published in 1911–1912, refer to this as the 29th through 37th floors, since the current third floor had not been built yet. The elevator lobbies contained Botticino-marble walls and travertine floors. 2023, the building has 34 elevators.14 Wall Street 14 WALL ST http://www.14wall.com/building_overview.asp?show=specifications September 8, 2023 The present-day 32nd floor, the highest story beneath the roof,32nd-story Sources refer to this as the 31st floor, since the current third floor had not been built at the time of the building's completion. was supposed to have been an apartment, which J. P. Morgan had an option to occupy. He chose not to pursue the option due to antitrust proceedings ongoing against Bankers Trust at the time of the building's completion, and the space was instead converted to an observation deck.April 28, 1912 5,000 Men Dig Subways 16 New-York Tribune 574907916 The space measured 70 by 70 ft and was illuminated by 36 windows.November 24, 1912 Sky Parlor for Financier: Morgan's Private Office in New York Tops Bankers' Trust Building at Corner of Wall and Nassau Sts, And Ils 445½ Feet Above Sidewalk—money Kings Often Assemble in Luxurious Suite 55 Boston Daily Globe 502123399 The New York Times reported at the building's 1912 opening that $250,000 had been spent on "teakwood furniture, priceless rugs, luxurious baths, and a private observation balcony", though it was "entirely devoid of furniture".https://www.nytimes.com/1912/05/16/archives/no-morgan-bower-atop-bankers-trust-the-250000-wonderland-where-he.html No Morgan Bower Atop Bankers Trust; The $250,000 Wonderland Where He Was to Rest Is Really Empty and For Rent. May 16, 1912 The New York Times April 23, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081411/https://www.nytimes.com/1912/05/16/archives/no-morgan-bower-atop-bankers-trust-the-250000-wonderland-where-he.html live The balcony was surrounded by an iron railing on three sides and was glassed-in on the remaining side.November 28, 1911 Morgan to Have Rooms on Thirty-First Floor: Leases Quarters in New Bankers Trust Building 1 The Hartford Courant 1047-4153 555849148 Christopher Gray, an architectural critic for the Times, wrote in 2007 that there had been unsubstantiated rumors that Morgan used the apartment as a private getaway. The 32nd floor contained an upscale French restaurant called The 14 Wall Street from 1997Denitto Emily December 8, 1997 Corporate Revelers Crave New Tastes Crain's New York Business 13 49 4 219167224 to 2006.http://search.cityguide.aol.com/newyork/restaurants/closed-14-wall-street-restaurant/v-106895771 14 Wall St Restaurant Closed AOL Cityguide dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080830083922/http://search.cityguide.aol.com/newyork/restaurants/closed-14-wall-street-restaurant/v-106895771 August 30, 2008 January 1, 2009 Under the roof were 47 storage rooms, as well as records, a sprinkler tank, a water tank, and elevator equipment. History Context and land acquisition thumb|269x269px|Gillender and Stevens buildings (in red) and the Bankers Trust Building that replaced them, looking from the Nassau Street (east) elevation|alt=|left Bankers Trust was founded in 1903 when a number of commercial banks needed a vehicle to enter the trusts and estates market.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 2https://www.nytimes.com/1903/01/31/archives/bankers-trust-company-new-concern-to-be-capitalized-at-1000000-ec.html Bankers' Trust Company; New Concern to Be Capitalized at $1,000,000. E.C. Converse to Be President January 31, 1903 The New York Times April 22, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103074136/https://www.nytimes.com/1903/01/31/archives/bankers-trust-company-new-concern-to-be-capitalized-at-1000000-ec.html liveLandau Condit 1996 . 377 The company originally was located at Liberty and Washington Streets, with eight staff working in two basement rooms.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 9 The Bankers Trust ultimately acquired space in the Gillender Building,Ward Zunz 1992 . 146https://www.nytimes.com/1910/01/02/archives/the-latest-deals-in-realty-market-important-sales-in-the-old-lenox.html Gillender Building Resold January 2, 1910 The New York Times April 21, 2020 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081324/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/01/02/archives/the-latest-deals-in-realty-market-important-sales-in-the-old-lenox.html live having been induced to move there because of the proximity of the New York Stock Exchange. The company, with J. P. Morgan on the board, grew rapidly and intended to land itself permanently in the "vortex of America's financial life".Ward Zunz 1992 . 147 During the latter part of the decade, financial institutions such as the Bank of Montreal, the Fourth National Bank, and the Germania Life Insurance Company acquired properties on Wall and Nassau Streets.https://www.nytimes.com/1909/07/07/archives/new-office-building-for-wall-street-sixteenstory-structure-costing.html New Office Building for Wall Street. Sixteen-Story Structure, Costing $1,500,000, To Go Up on the Stevens Site July 9, 1909 The New York Times April 21, 2020 0362-4331 May 23, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200523073058/https://www.nytimes.com/1909/07/07/archives/new-office-building-for-wall-street-sixteenstory-structure-costing.html?searchResultPosition=1 live Bankers Trust started to negotiate the purchase of the Gillender Building in April 1909.https://www.nytimes.com/1909/12/16/archives/822-a-square-foot-record-land-price-sale-of-northwest-corner-of.html $822 a Square Foot, Record Land Price. Sale of Northwest Corner of Wall and Nassau Streets Passes Old $700 Mark December 16, 1909 The New York Times April 21, 2020 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081319/https://www.nytimes.com/1909/12/16/archives/822-a-square-foot-record-land-price-sale-of-northwest-corner-of.html?searchResultPosition=1 live The bank first obtained the adjacent seven-story Stevens Building; that July, the trust leased the Stevens Building for 84 years at a cost of $1.5 million.The company preferred leasing over outright purchase due to the high price of land on Wall Street. At the time, the press reported that Bankers Trust would erect a 16-story office building wrapping around the Gillender Building. George B. Post, hired as a "professional advisor", proposed the new building as an L-shaped structure. In November, Bankers Trust finalized an agreement to buy the Gillender Building from Helen Gillender. The next month, the Manhattan Trust Company acquired the Gillender Building for $1.5 million (US 1,500,000 1909 -3 eq), then a record amount for land in New York City.December 18, 1909 Record Price for Manhattan Land https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_044_25.pdf The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide 84 1128 columbia.edu 2179 April 25, 2020 August 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200820053004/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_044_25.pdf live Manhattan Trust then resold the Gillender Building to Bankers Trust for $1.25 million (US 1,250,000 1909 -3 eq),https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/10/archives/new-bankers-trust-company-tower-sets-building-and-realty-records.html New Bankers' Trust Company Tower Sets Building and Realty Records April 10, 1910 The New York Times April 21, 2020 0362-4331 The New York Times April 10, 1910 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081330/https://www.nytimes.com/1910/04/10/archives/new-bankers-trust-company-tower-sets-building-and-realty-records.html?searchResultPosition=1 live although Manhattan Trust retained long-term lease rights for the ground floor as well as various other spaces. According to The New York Times, Manhattan Trust and Bankers Trust had colluded to acquire the Gillender Building. During this time, Bankers Trust acquired a majority share in the Guaranty Trust Company; the same people served on both companies' boards of directors,Chernow R. https://books.google.com/books?id=sgNUEqkgctEC The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance Grove Atlantic 2010 978-0-8021-9813-6 153–154 April 22, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20191229023740/https://books.google.com/books?id=sgNUEqkgctEC December 29, 2019 live although Guaranty Trust built a new headquarters for itself rather than move to 14 Wall Street.May 5, 1911 To Erect New Building: Architects Prepare Plans for Guaranty Trust Company Quietus on Merger Talk Director Intimates Combination With Bankers' Trust Company Is Not Considered 13 New-York Tribune 574766862 Bankers Trust and the Mercantile Trust Company also merged,https://www.nytimes.com/1911/06/17/archives/equitable-life-sold-mercantile-stock-bankers-trust-group-got-12941.html Equitable Life Sold Mercantile Stock June 17, 1911 The New York Times April 22, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081347/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/06/17/archives/equitable-life-sold-mercantile-stock-bankers-trust-group-got-12941.html live but, because Mercantile Trust's headquarters burned in a January 1912 fire, this affected planning for the new building. Bankers Trust absorbed Manhattan Trust in February 1912: both companies had been owned by Morgan, and the proximity of the companies' spaces was cited as a reason for the merger.https://www.nytimes.com/1912/02/21/archives/bankers-absorbs-manhattan-trust-the-two-companies-were-to-occupy.html Bankers' Absorbs Manhattan February 21, 1912 The New York Times April 21, 2020 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081407/https://www.nytimes.com/1912/02/21/archives/bankers-absorbs-manhattan-trust-the-two-companies-were-to-occupy.html?searchResultPosition=1 livehttps://www.newspapers.com/clip/49403225/ Trust Co's to Merge with $10,000,000 Stock February 21, 1912 New-York Tribune March 24, 2020 14 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220932/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49403225/trust-cos-to-merge-with-10000000/ live Construction and early use To maximize land utilization, Bankers Trust desired to build a structure taller than either the Gillender or Stevens buildings.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 3. The Bankers Magazine 1912 45 To "obtain the very best results" for the design, in 1909, Bankers Trust requested plans from four architects and architecture firms: Carrère and Hastings, Francis H. Kimball, Trowbridge and Livingston, and Warren and Wetmore.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 4 Ultimately, Trowbridge and Livingston's bid was accepted. The firm submitted plans for 14 Wall Street to the New York City Department of Buildings on April 20, 1910.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49460139/ New 39-Story Building April 20, 1910 New-York Tribune March 24, 2020 1 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220910/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49460139/new-39-story-building/ live Initial building thumb|Seen circa 1919 The first stage of construction commenced in April 1910 with the demolition of the Gillender Building, which The New York Times claimed to be the first skyscraper that was demolished to make way for a taller skyscraper.https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B03E4D71539E433A25753C3A9629C946196D6CF Skyscraper Going: Higher One Coming. Razing 20-Story Gillender Building to Make Room for 32-Story Bankers' Trust Home April 30, 1910 The New York Times April 21, 2020 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102424/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B03E4D71539E433A25753C3A9629C946196D6CF March 4, 2016 live Demolition of the Stevens Building started the same month, and both buildings had been demolished by June 1910.. The Bankers Magazine 1912 46https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/06/17/105081626.pdf Gillender Building Down June 17, 1910 The New York Times April 21, 2020 0362-4331 May 23, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200523073116/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1910/06/17/105081626.pdf live After the site had been cleared, foundation work was started. Foundational work was stymied due to the quicksand in the ground, as well as the presence of redundant supports underneath the Gillender Building's site and the proximity of other buildings. Steel superstructure construction commenced after foundational work was completed in November 1910, and the steel had reached the ground level by December 20, 1910. Facade work commenced in February 1911, with contractor Marc Eidlitz & Son erecting the facade at a rate of three-and-a-half stories per week. The building topped out on June 14, 1911. The stonework was completed by September 15, 1911, except for the pyramid, for which there had been a minor change in design. The basements and the three lower floors were to contain the headquarters of Bankers Trust, although its main operations would be housed elsewhere in less expensive offices. Most of the upper floors were slated to be rented to other companies.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49456114/ Tenants Now Moving Into the New Bankers Trust Building April 20, 1912 The Wall Street Journal April 24, 2020 8 0099-9660 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220944/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49456114/tenants-now-moving-into-the-new-bankers/ live By May 1911, The Wall Street Journal reported that "a large amount of office space" had already been rented in the building. Asking rates for rental space was 4 $/ft2, equivalent to $/ft2 in US; this rate was higher than in other buildings in the area due to 14 Wall Street's proximity to the New York Stock Exchange.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49455144/ Bankers' Trust Building May 8, 1911 The Wall Street Journal April 24, 2020 3 0099-9660 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220928/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49455144/bankers-trust-building/ live That November, The Wall Street Journal reported that the building was 65% rented.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49459992/ New Bankers Trust Building Already More Than 65% Rented November 20, 1911 The Wall Street Journal April 24, 2020 6 0099-9660 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220909/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49459992/new-bankers-trust-building-already-more/ live In April 1912, a month before the building's opening, a parachutist jumped from the 32nd floor of 14 Wall Street,32nd-story landing on the roof of 26 Wall Street.https://www.nytimes.com/1912/04/09/archives/wall-street-sees-a-500foot-leap-fr-law-jumps-with-his-parachute.html Wall Street Sees a 500-Foot Leap; F.R. Law Jumps with His Parachute from 31st Floor of the Bankers Trust Building. April 9, 1912 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081409/https://www.nytimes.com/1912/04/09/archives/wall-street-sees-a-500foot-leap-fr-law-jumps-with-his-parachute.html live 14 Wall Street officially opened on May 1, 1912, and Bankers Trust began moving into its offices on May 20. Upon opening, the building was 85% rented.https://www.nytimes.com/1912/05/19/archives/bankers-trust-moved-opens-for-business-in-its-new-home-tomorrow.html Bankers Trust Moved; Opens for Business in Its New Home To-Morrow. May 19, 1912 The New York Times April 22, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 May 23, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200523073117/https://www.nytimes.com/1912/05/19/archives/bankers-trust-moved-opens-for-business-in-its-new-home-tomorrow.html live J.P. Morgan & Co. had originally planned to move into 14 Wall Street, with Morgan occupying the 32nd-story apartment,32nd-story but these plans were canceled shortly after the building opened. After Bankers Trust was investigated by the U.S. Congress's Pujo Committee for monopolistic practices, J.P. Morgan & Co. built another structure to the southeast at 23 Wall Street. By 1917, Bankers Trust had become a full-service bank, and one of the country's wealthiest financial institutions. Bankers Trust, having rented out the upper floors, found their existing space to be inadequate by the 1920s, with more than four times as many staff as in 1912. As a result, the company took up space in the Astor and Hanover Bank buildings. Annex Bankers Trust began land acquisition in 1919, acquiring the Astor Building that Junehttps://www.newspapers.com/clip/49461683/ Three Well-Known Properties Transferred June 4, 1919 New-York Tribune March 24, 2020 21 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220951/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49461683/three-well-known-properties-transferred/ live and the building at 7 Pine Street two months later. The Hanover Bank Building was not acquired until September 1929. By that time, Bankers Trust owned the eastern half of the block bounded by Broadway and Wall, Pine, and Nassau Streets.https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/11/archives/pine-st-site-sold-to-bankers-trust-central-hanover-disposes-of.html Pine St. Site Sold to Bankers Trust; Central Hanover Disposes of 21-Story Building at Nassau Street Corner September 11, 1929 The New York Times April 24, 2020 live en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20180223203537/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/11/archives/pine-st-site-sold-to-bankers-trust-central-hanover-disposes-of.html February 23, 2018 Architect Richmond Shreve described the situation as "[falling] short of a true expression of the [company's] position".Shreve 1933 . 127Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 4–5 Shreve's firm, Shreve, Lamb & Harmon, had created plans for an annex to the building by January 1931.January 16, 1931 Bank Expected to Build; Bankers Trust Contemplates Im- Proving Wall Street Block. en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/16/archives/bank-expected-to-build-bankers-trust-contemplates-im-proving-wall.html March 27, 2023 0362-4331January 16, 1931 New Building May Be Erected Surrounding Wall St. Corner 34 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1114043343 The firm filed plans for the $5.5 million edifice with the New York City Department of Buildings later the same month.January 23, 1931 $5,500,000 Addition Planned For Bankers Trust Building en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/23/archives/5500000-addition-planned-for-bankers-trust-building.html live April 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200813121940/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/23/archives/5500000-addition-planned-for-bankers-trust-building.html August 13, 2020 0362-4331January 23, 1931 Bankers Trust Plans $5,500,000 Addition 34 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1114045087 The Thompson–Starrett Company was hired as the general contractor for the annex. Staff at 14 Wall Street were moved to a temporary location when work began in May 1931,Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 10https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49468819/ Bankers Trust Co. Opens New Quarters April 10, 1933 Brooklyn Times-Union April 24, 2020 11 newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220859/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49468819/bankers-trust-co-opens-new-quarters/ live and the Hanover Bank, Astor, and 7 Pine Street buildings were being razed by the next month.https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/49468577/ New Bank Building Ready in 2 Years June 19, 1931 Brooklyn Daily Eagle April 24, 2020 25 Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com April 4, 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220913/https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/49468577/new-bank-building-ready-in-2-years/ livehttps://www.nytimes.com/1931/06/19/archives/raze-three-buildings-of-the-bankers-trust-wreckers-of-work-to-make.html Raze Three Buildings of the Bankers Trust; Wreckers of Work to Make Way for New Structure to Connect With Present Home June 19, 1931 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103091219/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/06/19/archives/raze-three-buildings-of-the-bankers-trust-wreckers-of-work-to-make.html live Workers used dynamite to clear the site of the annex. This damaged two nearby buildings near the intersection of Wall Street and Broadway, including the headquarters of the First National Bank of New York (now Citibank), which was demolished in late 1931.Angly Edward October 12, 1931 Moving Day Puts First National In Marble Halls: Ancient Roll Top Desks, Stools, Carpets and Dusty Strong Boxes Get Airing At 52 Wall St. Tomorrow Bank Quits Street Landmark on Day's Notice as Unsafe Noted Old Bank Building Deserted as Unsafe 3 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1114216712 First National Bank sued Bankers Trust and the project's contractors for $881,500 in April 1932, alleging that the excavations had damaged its adjoining building at Broadway and Wall Street.April 12, 1932 Bank Sues for $881,500 Over Wall St. Excavations 11 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1221630753April 12, 1932 Bank Asks $881,500 In Building Damage: First National Sues Bankers Trust, Charging Excavation Made Structure Unsafe. 37 The New York Times 0362-4331 99683610 The case lasted for two years, and First National Bank was awarded $237,500 in damages in January 1934, about a quarter of what it had sued for.January 31, 1934 Gets $237,500 Verdict; First National Bank Sued Bankers Trust Over Damage to Building. en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1934/01/31/archives/gets-237500-verdict-first-national-bank-sued-bankers-trust-over.html live April 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103092912/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/01/31/archives/gets-237500-verdict-first-national-bank-sued-bankers-trust-over.html November 3, 2020 0362-4331January 31, 1934 Jury Awards $237,500 As Excavation Damages 12 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1222206223 In addition, Bankers Trust was released from all liability for any damage caused during construction.April 19, 1934 Bankers Trust Wins; Relieved of Liability in Suit for Construction Damage. en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1934/04/19/archives/bankers-trust-wins-relieved-of-liability-in-suit-for-construction.html live April 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103092915/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/04/19/archives/bankers-trust-wins-relieved-of-liability-in-suit-for-construction.html November 3, 2020 0362-4331June 2, 1934 Plethora of Judgments Filed in Bank Annex Suit 23 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1243469693 Meanwhile, in November 1931, contractors began working in two five-hour shifts per day instead of one eight-hour shift, doubling the number of jobs as well as increasing daily productivity.November 25, 1931 Workers Get 5-Hour Day; New Shift Doubles Jobs on Bankers Trust Company Annex. en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1931/11/25/archives/workers-get-5hour-day-new-shift-doubles-jobs-on-bankers-trust.html live April 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200810201121/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/11/25/archives/workers-get-5hour-day-new-shift-doubles-jobs-on-bankers-trust.html August 10, 2020 0362-4331 The 25-story annex was completed in 1932, and the staff moved back into 14 Wall Street. The bank hired brokers Brown, Wheelock, Harris & Co. that October to lease out its former space in the original structure.October 21, 1932 Start Made to Get Tenants For Bankers Trust Bldg 34 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1114822700 The old building's main entrances were relocated, and its third story was also added; these renovations were completed in March 1933. The project tripled 14 Wall Street's rentable area.Introduction and History of the Bankers Trust http://www.skyscraper.org/WEB_PROJECTS/BANKERS_TRUST/v_bt/bt_01.htm live https://web.archive.org/web/20090113190524/http://www.skyscraper.org/WEB_PROJECTS/BANKERS_TRUST/v_bt/bt_01.htm January 13, 2009 December 31, 2008 The Skyscraper Museum's Virtual Archive Bankers Trust officially opened the annex on April 10, 1933, moving into seven stories of the annex.https://www.nytimes.com/1933/04/10/archives/bankers-trust-to-open-new-building-today-occupies-7-of-wall-st.html Bankers Trust to Open New Building Today; Occupies 7 of Wall St. Structure's 25 Floors April 10, 1933 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103091315/https://www.nytimes.com/1933/04/10/archives/bankers-trust-to-open-new-building-today-occupies-7-of-wall-st.html liveApril 10, 1933 Bankers Trust Opens New Quarters Today 19 New York Herald Tribune 1941-0646 1221796906 Later use Bankers Trust occupancy The Bankers Trust Company had assets of $1 billion by 1935. As a sign of the company's financial stability, in 1943, Bankers Trust bought the land under 14 Wall Street from the Sampson family, whose Stevens Building had been demolished to make way for the original tower.https://www.nytimes.com/1943/11/09/archives/bankers-trust-co-buys-wall-st-plot-its-30story-building-is-on-site.html Bankers Trust Co. Buys Wall St. Plot; Its 30-Story Building Is on Site Acquired From Sampson Estate November 9, 1943 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103100359/https://www.nytimes.com/1943/11/09/archives/bankers-trust-co-buys-wall-st-plot-its-30story-building-is-on-site.html live The building was outfitted with a modern air-conditioning system in 1955.https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/10/archives/climate-control-for-16-wall-st-main-office-building-of-bankers.html Climate Control for 16 Wall St.; Main Office Building of Bankers Trust to Get Air-Conditioning April 10, 1955 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103103747/https://www.nytimes.com/1955/04/10/archives/climate-control-for-16-wall-st-main-office-building-of-bankers.html live During this era, the bank continued to grow through mergers. The bank's second headquarters in Midtown Manhattan, at 280 Park Avenue, opened in 1962,Freeman William M. https://www.nytimes.com/1962/12/02/archives/bankers-trust-gets-new-look-dreyfuss-designer-termed-man-behind-the.html Bankers Trust Gets New Look; Dreyfuss, Designer, Termed Man Behind the Scenes December 2, 1962 The New York Times April 24, 2020 live en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20180315200041/https://www.nytimes.com/1962/12/02/archives/bankers-trust-gets-new-look-dreyfuss-designer-termed-man-behind-the.html March 15, 2018 though Bankers Trust retained occupancy at 14 Wall Street. The facade of 14 Wall Street was cleaned during the mid-1960s.Vartan Vartanig G. August 17, 1965 Wall Street Is Reshaping Its Skyline in Press for Space en-US 43 The New York Times 0362-4331 116966460 When One Bankers Trust Plaza was completed in 1974, more employees were relocated out of 14 Wall Street and four other locations.Tomasson Robert E. https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/05/archives/after-fatal-fires-new-code-starts-to-bring-changes-new-fire-code.html After Fatal Fires, New Code Starts To Bring Changes August 5, 1973 The New York Times April 25, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103182111/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/05/archives/after-fatal-fires-new-code-starts-to-bring-changes-new-fire-code.html live Afterward, the eighth through 23rd floors of the Bankers Trust Building were vacant, representing 350,000 ft2, though these floors were gradually rented to other tenants.Oser Alan S. https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/02/archives/about-real-estate-a-look-at-cultural-changes-of-forward-building.html About Real Estate February 2, 1977 The New York Times April 25, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103201931/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/02/archives/about-real-estate-a-look-at-cultural-changes-of-forward-building.html live Bankers Trust retained ownership of 14 Wall Street until 1987, when the building was sold to 14 Wall Street Associates, who subsequently sold the building to 14 Wall Street Realty in 1991 and to General Electric Investment in 1992. After buying 14 Wall Street, General Electric Investment started to renovate the building for $7 million.Deutsch Claudia H. https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/23/realestate/commercial-property-bankruptcy-and-its-shadows-when-leases-get-mired-in-finance.html Commercial Property: Bankruptcy and Its Shadows; When Leases Get Mired in Finance May 23, 1993 The New York Times April 25, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20150526093748/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/23/realestate/commercial-property-bankruptcy-and-its-shadows-when-leases-get-mired-in-finance.html May 26, 2015 live Though Bankers Trust retained a lease through the building until 2004, with an option to cancel in 1995, the company vacated the space earlier in 1992. Manufacturers Hanover and the Chemical Bank then occupied the space that Bankers Trust had formerly used.Deutsch Claudia H. https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/03/realestate/commercial-property-big-deals-1992-for-most-brokers-creativity-chutzpah-count.html Commercial Property: Big Deals of 1992; For Most Brokers, Creativity and Chutzpah Count January 3, 1993 The New York Times April 25, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20180118214632/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/03/realestate/commercial-property-big-deals-1992-for-most-brokers-creativity-chutzpah-count.html January 18, 2018 live Subsequent occupancy thumb|Lower portion of the facade Boston Properties agreed to buy 14 Wall Street for $320 million in August 1997,https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/07/nyregion/bankers-trust-to-sell-site.html Bankers Trust to Sell Site August 7, 1997 The New York Times Dow Jones April 24, 2020 live en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20171229204356/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/07/nyregion/bankers-trust-to-sell-site.html December 29, 2017 and the 32nd floor was converted into an upscale French restaurant called The 14 Wall Street that November.Fabricant Florence October 29, 1997 Off the Menu en-US The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/29/dining/off-the-menu.html live April 24, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20171229142817/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/29/dining/off-the-menu.html December 29, 2017 0362-4331 The tenant of the annex's banking room, Chase Bank, donated the space to the Skyscraper Museum for one year starting in 1998. During this time, the museum held an exhibition on the Empire State Building within the space. An investment group led by Laurence Gluck and Arthur Wrubel bought 14 Wall Street from General Electric Investment in 1999. April 8, 1999 Metro Business; Former Bank Tower Sold for $100 Million en-US The New York Times Bloomberg News https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/08/nyregion/metro-business-former-bank-tower-sold-for-100-million.html live April 25, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20170917212220/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/08/nyregion/metro-business-former-bank-tower-sold-for-100-million.html September 17, 2017 0362-4331 The former banking room became an Equinox Fitness location in December 2000. The Rockwell Group designed an 11000 ft2 on mezzanine for the room. Gluck had sole ownership of 14 Wall Street by 2004, and Leviev Boymelgreen bought the building from Gluck the next year for $215 million.https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Boymelgreen+buys+14+Wall+for+$215m.-a0132271059 Boymelgreen Buys 14 Wall for $215m Geiger Daniel April 27, 2005 Real Estate Weekly The Free Library April 25, 2020 August 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200820053048/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Boymelgreen+buys+14+Wall+for+$215m.-a0132271059 live Initially, the new owners wanted to convert the entire building from offices into luxury condominiums but, in 2006, they dropped their plan for a residential conversion.https://nypost.com/2006/03/28/j-p-morgan-dined-here/ J.P. Morgan Dined Here Cuozzo Steve March 28, 2006 New York Post en April 25, 2020 August 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200820061046/https://nypost.com/2006/03/28/j-p-morgan-dined-here/ live Instead, Leviev Boymelgreen ultimately converted the lower stories to condos. The 14 Wall Street restaurant also closed in early 2006. Early the following year, Leviev Boymelgreen agreed to sell the property to Cushman & Wakefield for $325 million. Ultimately, 14 Wall Street was purchased by the Carlyle Group and Capstone Equities, who planned to renovate the building for $50 million, including $5 million for the restoration of the lobby.Tarquinio J. Alex https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/02/realestate/commercial/02makeover.html Big Makeovers for Office Buildings Outside of Midtown January 2, 2008 The New York Times April 25, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20181121001437/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/02/realestate/commercial/02makeover.html November 21, 2018 live Carlyle and Capstone sold majority control of the building in 2012 to Alexander Rovt, a Ukrainian fertilizer tycoon, for $303 million in cash.Putzier Konrad February 5, 2014 Gold-Plated Alex Rovt Happy to Spend $200M in Cash https://rew-online.com/gold-plated-alex-rovt-happy-to-spend-200m-in-cash/ March 27, 2023 Real Estate Weekly Rovt paid off the building's outstanding debt as part of the deal. At the time of the purchase, the building had 300,000 ft2 of vacant space, and three potential tenants were in discussion to lease about two-thirds of the vacant space.Satow Julie https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/11/realestate/commercial/alex-rovt-buys-14-wall-street-for-303-million.html Fertilizer Billionaire Buys Buildings His Way, In Cash April 10, 2012 The New York Times April 22, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20190626213907/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/11/realestate/commercial/alex-rovt-buys-14-wall-street-for-303-million.html June 26, 2019 live Rovt began renovating the building and increased its occupancy rate from 70 to 95 percent by 2014, mostly by leasing space for ten years to tenants such as office-space operator Regus. After $60 million of renovations, the building was 90% leased by early 2016.https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-father-and-his-sons-go-the-distance-for-real-estate-1456710746 A Father and His Sons Go the Distance for Real Estate The Wall Street Journal February 28, 2016 Rose Sarah May 1, 2020 0099-9660 https://web.archive.org/web/20190504215449/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-father-and-his-sons-go-the-distance-for-real-estate-1456710746 May 4, 2019 liveMalesevic Sue February 29, 2016 Alexander Rovt Ramps up Real Estate Buying Outside New York https://therealdeal.com/new-york/2016/02/29/alexander-rovt-ramps-up-real-estate-buying-outside-new-york/ March 27, 2023 The Real Deal Cushman & Wakefield handled leasing for 14 Wall Street until it was replaced by the CBRE Group in 2017.https://rew-online.com/cbre-adds-two-tenants-at-14-wall-street/ CBRE Lands Two New Tenants at 14 Wall Street Chen Jackson September 6, 2018 Real Estate Weekly en-US April 25, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20180910235718/http://rew-online.com/cbre-adds-two-tenants-at-14-wall-street/ September 10, 2018 live Tenants Aflachttps://commercialobserver.com/2019/06/aflac-inks-9k-sf-at-14-wall-street/ Aflac Inks 9K SF at 14 Wall Street June 28, 2019 June 28, 2019 Commercial Observer Appel Alex https://web.archive.org/web/20190628215238/https://commercialobserver.com/2019/06/aflac-inks-9k-sf-at-14-wall-street/ June 28, 2019 live Amerigrouphttps://commercialobserver.com/2012/07/amerigroup-forms-headquarters-at-14-wall-street/ Amerigroup Forms Headquarters at 14 Wall Street Ewing Michael July 30, 2012 Commercial Observer June 26, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190514202429/https://commercialobserver.com/2012/07/amerigroup-forms-headquarters-at-14-wall-street/ May 14, 2019 live Equinox Fitnesshttps://commercialobserver.com/2019/06/equinox-lease-14-wall-street-alexander-rovt/ Equinox Commits to Wall Street Outpost Into 2039 Commercial Observer June 25, 2019 June 26, 2019 Rizzi Nicholas https://web.archive.org/web/20190626042958/https://commercialobserver.com/2019/06/equinox-lease-14-wall-street-alexander-rovt/ June 26, 2019 live FDM Grouphttps://www.newswire.com/fdm-group-marks-its-place-in-history/104537 FDM Group Marks Its Place In History With A Grand Opening At 14 Wall St FDM Group Newswire April 25, 2011 June 26, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190626213904/https://www.newswire.com/fdm-group-marks-its-place-in-history/104537 June 26, 2019 live NYU Langone Medical Centerhttps://commercialobserver.com/2017/12/nyu-langone-health-renews-74k-sf-in-fidi/ NYU Langone Health Renews 74K SF in FiDi Liam La Guerre Commercial Observer December 18, 2017 June 26, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190626213855/https://commercialobserver.com/2017/12/nyu-langone-health-renews-74k-sf-in-fidi/ June 26, 2019 live Posse Foundationhttps://commercialobserver.com/2018/08/nonprofit-posse-foundation-nyc-office-14-wall-street/ Nonprofit Expands to 36K SF at Rovt's 14 Wall Street Mashayekhi Rey August 30, 2018 Commercial Observer June 26, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190626213902/https://commercialobserver.com/2018/08/nonprofit-posse-foundation-nyc-office-14-wall-street/ June 26, 2019 live IWGBarbarino Al November 18, 2013 Regus Renews at 14 Wall Amid Downtown Rebirth Commercial Observer https://commercialobserver.com/2013/11/regus-renews-downtown-amid-downtown-rebirth/ live June 26, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190626213855/https://commercialobserver.com/2013/11/regus-renews-downtown-amid-downtown-rebirth/ June 26, 2019 TheStreet.comhttps://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/TST:US TheStreet Inc www.bloomberg.com April 25, 2020 Impact At the time of its completion, 14 Wall Street was the world's tallest bank building and the city's third- or fourth-tallest skyscraper. 14 Wall Street and the nearby Singer Tower, as viewed from Manhattan's waterfront, resembled "the posts of the gigantic 'Gateway of New York.Architecture 1912 . 71 Cassier's Magazine wrote that the building "presents a beautiful and impressive appearance, free from ornate decoration", though the magazine misattributed the building as being influenced by Egyptian pyramids. The building was perceived by several observers as a symbol of the future. During the early 20th century, Bankers Trust used imagery of 14 Wall Street in its advertising to depict it as a "tower of strength";1921 Banking Publicity https://books.google.com/books?id=0GUmAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA584 The Bankers Magazine 102 584 April 25, 2020 September 16, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200916060557/https://books.google.com/books?id=0GUmAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA584 live the bank used the icon and slogan until the 1980s. Charles Phelps Cushing wrote in 1929 that the building's stepped pyramidal roof was "the meeting place for the midnight frolics of modern jazz sprites".Abramson 2001 . 172 The iconography persisted even after the annex was constructed.http://old.skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/WALL_STREET/14_wall_2.php The Skyscraper Museum: The Rise of Wall Street Walkthrough Willis Carol January 16, 1910 The Skyscraper Museum April 24, 2020 November 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201127065303/https://old.skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/WALL_STREET/14_wall_2.php live 14 Wall Street's likeness became synonymous with capitalism and Wall Street, having been shown in Berenice Abbott's photos as well as the 1921 documentary film Manhatta, and Bankers Trust sent a miniature model of the building to the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in 1915.https://www.nytimes.com/1915/02/20/archives/skyscraper-in-miniature-bankers-trust-to-send-40story-model-to.html Skyscraper in Miniature; Bankers Trust to Send 40-Story Model to Panama Fair. February 20, 1915 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 November 3, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201103081559/https://www.nytimes.com/1915/02/20/archives/skyscraper-in-miniature-bankers-trust-to-send-40story-model-to.html live Christopher Gray said that the massive height of 14 Wall Street posed a sharp contrast to the one-story 23 Wall Street, diagonally across Wall and Broad Streets, though both were designed by Trowbridge & Livingston and occupied by J.P. Morgan. 14 Wall Street's pyramidal roof inspired the design of several other buildings. Its completion was described as the "beginning of a vogue for the use of a temple or mausoleum" at the top of skyscrapers, utilizing enhanced details or a full depiction of a temple. Architecture magazine projected that such a roof "will be used a great many times more". Several roofs in Lower Manhattan were influenced by 14 Wall Street's design, including those of 26 Broadway,Abramson 2001 . 96–97 40 Wall Street,Abramson 2001 . 62 60 Wall Street, the annex of 195 Broadway, and the Jewish Museum annex. 14 Wall Street's architecture also provided inspiration for buildings in other cities, such as the Union Central Life Insurance Company Building in Cincinnati, the Metropolitan Tower in Chicago, and the Foshay Tower in Minneapolis. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated 14 Wall Street as an official city landmark in January 1997.Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 . 1https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/16/realestate/2-pine-st-neighbors-become-landmarks.html 2 Pine St. Neighbors Become Landmarks February 16, 1997 The New York Times April 24, 2020 en-US 0362-4331 https://web.archive.org/web/20171227012540/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/16/realestate/2-pine-st-neighbors-become-landmarks.html December 27, 2017 live In 2007, the building was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District,February 20, 2007 Wall Street Historic District https://catalog.archives.gov/medialz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/05000988.pdf National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service February 9, 2021 4–5 February 19, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210219214221/https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/05000988.pdf live a National Register of Historic Places district.2007 National Register of Historic Places 2007 Weekly Lists https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2007-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf July 20, 2020 National Park Service 65 December 28, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191228214611/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/upload/weekly-list-2007-national-register-of-historic-places.pdf live See also Architecture New York City List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street References Notes Citations Sources http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1949.pdf 14 Wall Street January 14, 1997 New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission Landmarks Preservation Commission 1997 Abramson Daniel M. 2001 Skyscraper Rivals: the AIG Building and the Architecture of Wall Street Princeton Architectural Press 9781568982441 Macaulay-Lewis Elizabeth Antiquity in Gotham: The Ancient Architecture of New York City Fordham University Press 2021 978-0-8232-9384-1 https://books.google.com/books?id=GwyjzQEACAAJ 1176326519 1912 New Building of the Bankers Trust Company of New York https://books.google.com/books?id=QHM9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA45 The Bankers Magazine American periodical series, 1800–1850 Bradford-Rhodes & Company 85 The Bankers Magazine 1912 Springer J. F. July 1, 1912 Steel Construction and Hardware in a Great New York Skyscraper Hardware Dealers' Magazine 38 1 79 612657219 Shreve Richmond https://books.google.com/books?id=L7RUAAAAMAAJ The Bankers Trust Company Building Architecture C. Scribner's Sons 1933 68 en-US https://books.google.com/books?id=mVUiAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA69 The Banker's Trust Building Architecture C. Scribner's Sons 1912 25–26 69–71 en-US Architecture 1912 Ward David https://books.google.com/books?id=cp3sdg5nEvoC The Landscape of Modernity: Essays on New York City, 1900–1940 Zunz Olivier Russell Sage Foundation 1992 978-0-87154-900-6 External links http://www.14wall.com/ Category:1912 establishments in New York City Category:Art Deco architecture in Manhattan Category:Art Deco skyscrapers Category:Financial District, Manhattan Category:Neoclassical architecture in New York City Category:New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan Category:Office buildings completed in 1912 Category:Skyscraper office buildings in Manhattan Category:Wall Street Category:Bank buildings in Manhattan Category:Historic district contributing properties in Manhattan Category:Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Category:1910s architecture in the United States