1977 Spanish general election

none June 2020 1977 Spanish general election Spain 1977 parliamentary no 1971 Spanish general election 1971 1979 Spanish general election 1979 All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 207 (of 248) seats in the Senate176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies Opinion polling for the 1977 Spanish general election 23,583,762 18,590,130 (78.8%) 15 June 1977 170x170px Adolfo Suárez Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) 3 May 1977 Madrid 165 6,310,391 34.4% 170x170px Felipe González Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 13 October 1974 Madrid 118 5,371,866 29.3% 170x170px Santiago Carrillo Communist Party of Spain 3 July 1960 Madrid 20 1,709,890 9.3% 170x170px Manuel Fraga People's Alliance (Spain) 9 October 1976 Madrid 16 1,526,671 8.3% 170x170px Jordi Pujol Democratic Pact for Catalonia 17 November 1974 Barcelona 11 514,647 2.8% 170x170px Xabier Arzalluz Basque Nationalist Party 1977 Guipúzcoa 8 296,193 1.6% x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by constituency Vote winner strength by constituency (Congress) x315px|Map of Spain showcasing winning party's strength by autonomous community Vote winner strength by autonomous community (Congress)"AC" This territorial division is based on the autonomic system established under the Spanish Constitution of 1978, as opposed to the regional division established in 1833. Most autonomous communities would be constituted by the time of the 1982 election, with the rest being established in early 1983. The autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla would not be constituted as independent administrative entities until 1995. x315px|Map of Spain showcasing seat distribution by Congress of Deputies constituency Election results by constituency (Congress) Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Adolfo Suárez Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) Adolfo Suárez Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) A general election was held in Spain on 15 June 1977 to elect the members of the Spanish Cortes. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as all 207 seats in the Senate. It was the first free election held in Spain since 1936, prior to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. It was called by Prime Minister Adolfo Suárez as part of the political reform of the Francoist regime, ongoing since shortly after Francisco Franco's death in 1975 and promoted by his successor, King Juan Carlos I. Its aim was to elect a Constituent Cortes that was to draft a new constitution, which would ultimately lead to the repealing of the Fundamental Laws of the Realm and the culmination of the country's transition to democracy. The Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), the electoral alliance created to serve as Suárez's political platform in government, emerged as the largest political force overall, albeit 11 seats short of an absolute majority. The election surprise was the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) of Felipe González, which—supported by the German SPD and running a campaign intended to highlight González's youth and charisma—won 118 seats and became the main left-of-centre party by a wide margin. The Communist Party of Spain (PCE), which had been the main opposition force to the dictatorship, and the right-wing People's Alliance (AP) of former Francoist minister Manuel Fraga, performed below expectations. Turnout was high at 78.8%, the second highest for any nationwide election held ever since.15 June 2012 15-J. Elecciones en libertad y sin ira http://www.lavanguardia.com/hemeroteca/20120615/54311087696/elecciones-democraticas-democracia-espana.html es La Vanguardia 5 July 2017Julve Rafa 15 June 2017 Curiosidades de las primeras elecciones tras la dictadura franquista en el 40º aniversario http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/politica/resultados-primeras-elecciones-generales-democraticas-tras-dictadura-1977-6105453 es El Periódico de Catalunya 5 July 2017 Background Spanish transition to democracy The death of Francisco Franco in 1975 paved the way for Spain's transition from an autocratic, one-party dictatorship into a democratic, constitutional monarchy. As per the 1947 Succession Law, the Spanish monarchy was restored under the figure of Juan Carlos I, who quickly became the promoter of a peaceful democratic reform of state institutions. This move was supported by western countries, an important sector of Spanish and international capitalism, a majority of the opposition to Francoism—organized into the Democratic Convergence Platform and the Democratic Junta, which in 1976 would both merge into the Democratic Coordination—and a growing part of the Franco regime itself, weary of popular mobilization after the outcome of the Carnation Revolution in neighbouring Portugal in 1974.Landaluce Emilia Manso Joaquín 20 November 2016 Así se gestó la ley que puso fin al franquismo hace 40 años http://www.elmundo.es/espana/2016/11/20/5830aabb268e3e58258b4643.html es El Mundo 6 July 2017 However, the incumbent prime minister, Carlos Arias Navarro, rejected any major transformation of the Spanish political system and rather supported the preservation of Francoist laws, resulting in his dismissal by the King in July 1976, who appointed Adolfo Suárez for the post. Suárez's plans for political reform involved the transformation of Spanish institutions in accordance to the Francoist legal system through the approval of a "political reform bill" as a Fundamental Law of the Realm. This was meant as a step beyond Arias Navarro's plans to update—but preserve—the Francoist regime, with Suárez intending to implement democracy "from law to law through law"—in the words of Torcuato Fernández-Miranda—without the outright liquidation of the Francoist system as called for by opposition parties.López Burniol Juan-José 11 February 2017 De la ley a la ley http://www.abc.es/espana/la-transicion-espanola/protagonistas/abci-fernandez-miranda-ley-ley-201706091659_noticia.html es La Vanguardia 6 July 2017Fernández-Miranda Juan 9 June 2017 Fernández-Miranda: de la ley a la ley http://www.abc.es/espana/la-transicion-espanola/protagonistas/abci-fernandez-miranda-ley-ley-201706091659_noticia.html es ABC 6 July 2017 Thus, on 18 November 1976, the Political Reform Law was passed by the Francoist es Cortes no, later ratified in a referendum on 15 December with overwhelming popular support. As set out in Suárez's scheme, the Law called for an electoral process to elect new es Cortes no that were to be responsible for drafting a democratic constitution. Overview Under the 1977 Political Reform Law, the Spanish Cortes were conceived as a provisional assembly tasked with drafting a new constitution to replace the Fundamental Laws of the Realm. The initiative for constitutional amendment belonged to the Congress of Deputies and the national government, and constitutional bills had to be passed by an absolute majority in both the Congress and the Senate. If the Senate rejected a bill approved by Congress, the disagreement was to be examined by a mixed commission and, if the deadlock continued, both chambers would meet in a joint sitting as a single legislative body to decide the issue by absolute majority.Law 1/1977 1977 art. 3. Date The term of the previous Spanish es Cortes no expired on 30 June 1977, after their term had been extended twice since their scheduled expiration date in November 1975.Decree 1823/1975 1975 art. 1; Decree 111/1976 1976 art. 1. The election to the Spanish es Cortes no was officially called on 15 April 1977 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the Official State Gazette (BOE), setting election day for 15 June.Royal Decree 679/1977 1977 single art. Both chambers were scheduled to reconvene on 13 July.Royal Decree 1603/1977 1977 art. 2. Electoral system Voting for each chamber of the Spanish es Cortes no was based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 21 years of age with full civil and political rights.Law 1/1977 1977 art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 art. 2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 The Congress of Deputies had 350 seats in its first election. Of these, 348 were elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population, roughly one seat per 144,500 inhabitants or fraction above 70,000—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats were allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.Law 1/1977 1977 art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 arts. 19–20. The use of this electoral method resulted in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution.Gallagher Michael 30 July 2012 http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php Effective threshold in electoral systems Trinity College Dublin Dublin https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php 22 July 2017 30 July 2017 As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 art. 19; Royal Decree 679/1977 1977 single art. Seats Constituencies 33 Barcelona 32 Madrid 15 Valencia 12 Seville 10 Biscay, Oviedo 9 Alicante, La Coruña 8 Cádiz, Málaga, Murcia, Pontevedra, Zaragoza 7 Badajoz, Córdoba, Granada, Guipúzcoa, Jaén, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 6 Balearics, Las Palmas, León 5 Almería, Cáceres, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Gerona, Huelva, Lugo, Navarre, Orense, Santander, Tarragona, Toledo, Valladolid 4 Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cuenca, Lérida, Logroño, Salamanca, Zamora 3 Ávila, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Soria, Teruel 207 Senate seats were elected using open-listParties could group candidates into lists, although each candidate was treated separately for the purpose of the voting procedure. partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats could choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces was allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts were the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera–El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each. Ceuta and Melilla elected two seats each. Additionally, the monarch could directly appoint a number of senators not higher than one-fifth of the elected seats.Law 1/1977 1977 art. 2 & trans. prov. 1; Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 arts. 19 & 21.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats in the Congress only when results in a constituency were annulled by a final sentence following an electoral petition; otherwise, vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes. Additionally for the Senate, by-elections were required to fill any seat vacated within the first two years of the legislative term.Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 arts. 20 & 29–30. Candidates Nomination rules Spanish citizens with the right to vote could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to the following officials:Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 art. 4.Prieto Joaquín Valdecantos Camilo 24 March 1977 Numerosos cargos oficiales tendrían que dimitir para ser candidatos https://elpais.com/diario/1977/03/24/espana/228006017_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 Holders of a number of senior public or institutional post, including government ministers (but not the prime minister);18 May 1977 El presidente Suárez, declarado elegible https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/18/espana/232754407_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 the heads of higher courts and state institutions;These comprised the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Council of National Economy. high-ranking officials of government departments and other state agencies; civil governors-general and governors, as well as government delegates in the islands and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla; members of electoral commissions; and the chairs of national trade unions; Judges and public prosecutors in active service; Members of the Armed Forces and law enforcement bodies in active service, as well as senior police officials. Other ineligibility provisions also applied to a number of territorial officials in these categories within their areas of jurisdiction. Incompatibility rules included those of ineligibility (except for government ministers, high-ranking officials of government departments, and chairs of national trade unions), and also barred combining legislative roles (deputy and senator). Parties and lists List of political parties in Spain The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 15 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one permille—and, in any case, 500 signatures—of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list.Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 arts. 30–31 & 34. Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which contested the election: Candidacy Parties andalliances Leading candidate Ideology Gov. Government Ref. References UCD List on People's Party (PP) Christian Democratic Party (PDC) Federation of Democratic and Liberal Parties (FPDL) Social Democratic Party (PSD) People's Democratic Party (PDP) Social Democratic Federation (FSD) Liberal Party (PL) Independent Social Democratic Party (PSI) Liberal Progressive Party (PPL) Spanish Social Democratic Union (USDE) Andalusian Social Liberal Party (PSLA) Independent Galician Party (PGI) Extremaduran Regional Action (AREX) Canarian Union (UC) Murcian Democratic Union (UDM) 50px Adolfo Suárez Centrism 23 April 1977 Los partidos de Centro Democrático constituyeron ayer una coalición electoral https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/23/espana/230594438_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025Sánchez Queirolo Pedro 27 April 1977 Suárez confirma su presentación como independiente por Madrid https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/27/espana/230940037_850215.html es El País Mexico 2 August 20253 May 1977 Centro Democrático se amplía https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/03/espana/231458404_850215.html es El País 2 August 20254 May 1977 El presidente del Gobierno, candidato por la Unión del Centro https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/04/espana/231544834_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 PSOE List on Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Socialists of Catalonia (SC)– Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress (PSC–C)– Catalan Socialist Federation (PSOE) 50px Felipe González Social democracyDemocratic socialismMarxism 3 April 1977 Felipe González. "El PSOE acudirá a las elecciones" https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/03/espana/228866409_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025Quinta Alfons 27 April 1977 Candidaturas conjuntas del Partit Socialista de Catalunya (C) y el PSOE https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/27/espana/230940036_850215.html es El País Barcelona 2 August 2025 PCE List on Communist Party of Spain (PCE) Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) 50px Santiago Carrillo Eurocommunism AP List on People's Alliance (AP) Spanish Democratic Action (ADE) Spanish National Union (UNE) Navarrese Foral Alliance (AFN) Action for Ceuta (APC) United Gipuzkoa (GU)– People's Alliance (AP)– Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) Catalan Coexistence (CC–AP)– People's Alliance (AP)– Catalan Union (UC)– Catalan Liberal Democratic Party (PDLC)– Democratic Union for Social Progress (UDPS)– Lleidan Union (ULL) 50px Manuel Fraga ConservatismNational conservatism 3 May 1977 Alianza Popular no admite pactos con Blas Piñar https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/03/espana/231458401_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 PSP–US List on People's Socialist Party (PSP) Federation of Socialist Parties (FPS)– Socialist Party of Andalusia (PSA)– Socialist Party of Aragon (PSAr)– Autonomist Socialist Party of Canaries (PSAC)– Socialist Party of the Murcian Region (PSRM)– Socialist Party of the Islands (PSI)– Socialist Movement of Menorca (MSM)– Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV) 50px Enrique Tierno Galván Democratic socialismMarxismFederalism Teba Juan 21 April 1977 Ultimada la alianza PSP-Partido Socialista Andaluz https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/21/espana/230421622_850215.html es El País 2 August 202523 April 1977 El PSP y el PSA presentarán listas conjuntas en Andalucía https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/23/espana/230594416_850215.html es El País 2 August 202528 April 1977 Coalición electoral PSP-Federación de Partidos Socialistas https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/28/espana/231026403_850215.html es El País 2 August 20253 May 1977 Ratificada la coalición PSP-FPS https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/03/espana/231458411_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 PDC List on Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping (PSC–R) Democratic Left of Catalonia (EDC) National Front of Catalonia (FNC) 50px Jordi Pujol Catalan nationalismLiberalismSocial liberalism EDCEE List on Federation of Christian Democracy (FDC)– Democratic People's Federation (FPD)– Democratic Left (ID) Union of the Centre and Christian Democracy of Catalonia (UCiDCC)– Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC)– Catalan Centre (CC) Democratic Union of the Valencian Country (UDPV) Galician People's Party (PPG) Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) Democratic Union of the Balearic Islands (UDIB) 50px Joaquín Ruiz-Giménez Christian democracyFederalism Gallego-Díaz Soledad 20 April 1977 No habrá alianza Centro Democrático-Equipo Democristiano a nivel nacional https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/20/portada/230335201_850215.html es El País 2 August 202527 April 1977 La Federación Demócrata Cristiana no formará coalición electoral global con el Centro Democrático https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/27/espana/230940022_850215.html es El País 2 August 202529 April 1977 El Equipo DC ratifica su decisión de ir solo a las elecciones https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/29/espana/231112816_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 EAJ/PNV List on Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 50px Xabier Arzalluz Basque nationalismChristian democracy Ceberio Jesús 29 March 1977 El congreso del PNV, decidido a ganar las elecciones de Euzkadi https://elpais.com/diario/1977/03/29/espana/228438035_850215.html es El País Pamplona 2 August 2025 EC–FED List on Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) Party of Labour of Catalonia (PTC) Catalan State (EC) 50px Heribert Barrera Left-wing nationalismSocialism ASDCI List on Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) Spanish Democratic Socialist Party (PSDE) 50px José Prat Democratic socialismSocial democracy 4 May 1977 Hay siete coaliciones electorales en liza https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/04/portada/231544803_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 FDI List on Party of Labour of Spain (PTE) Independent Socialist Party (PSI) Independent Socialist Democratic Bloc (BDSI) Party of Communist Unification in the Canaries (PUCC) Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 50px Lorenzo Benassar CommunismSocialism 4 May 1977 Presentadas siete coaliciones a nivel estatal: Frente Democrático de Izquierdas https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/04/espana/231544807_850215.html es El País 2 August 20256 May 1977 Frente Democrático de Izquierdas busca una coalición con los partidos no legalizados https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/06/espana/231717607_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 AN18 List on New Force (FN) Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) Traditionalist Communion (CT) 50px Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta FrancoismNeofascismNational catholicism 26 April 1977 Fuerza Nueva y FE de las JONS https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/26/espana/230853621_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 EE List on Basque Country Left (EE)– Party of the Basque Revolution (EIA)– Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK/MCE) Navarrese Left Union (UNAI)– Party of the Basque Revolution (EIA)– Communist Movement of the Basque Country (EMK/MCE)– Basque Socialists (ES)– Workers' Brotherhood of Catholic Action (HOAC)– Organization of Communist Left (OIC/EKE)– Workers' Revolutionary Organization (ORT) 50px Francisco Letamendia Basque nationalismSocialism Ceberio Jesús 5 May 1977 Configurado definitivamente el bloque electoral de Izquierda Vasca https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/05/espana/231631213_850215.html es El País Bilbao 2 August 2025 CAIC List on Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy (CAIC) 50px Hipólito Gómez de las Roces RegionalismConservatism SD List on Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Democratic Left (ID) Liberal Alliance (AL) Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 50px Mariano Aguilar Navarro Pro-democracyBig tent 5 April 1977 El PSOE propone 200 candidatos independientes para el Senado https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/05/espana/229039205_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025Prieto Joaquín 21 April 1977 Acuerdo PSOE-Federación Democristiana para el Senado https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/21/espana/230421630_850215.html es El País 2 August 202517 May 1977 La FDC explica su acuerdo con el PSOE https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/17/espana/232668013_850215.html es El País 2 August 20259 June 1977 Senadores para la Democracia https://elpais.com/diario/1977/06/09/opinion/234655209_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 Entesa List on Socialist Party of Catalonia–Congress (PSC–C) Catalan Socialist Federation (PSOE) Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) Left of Catalonia (EC–FED) 50px Josep Benet CatalanismAutonomism Quinta Alfons 5 May 1977 Fracasa la candidatura unitaria de toda la oposición catalana para el Senado https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/05/espana/231631207_850215.html es El País Barcelona 2 August 2025 FA List on Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Socialist Party of the Basque Country (PSE–PSOE) Socialists' Unification of the Basque Country (ESEI) 50px Juan María Vidarte Basque autonomismBig tent 27 April 1977 Candidatura conjunta al Senado PNV-PSOE https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/27/espana/230940017_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025Angulo Javier 27 April 1977 La izquierda vasca estudia la formación de un bloque electoral autonómico https://elpais.com/diario/1977/04/27/espana/230940016_850215.html es El País Bilbao 2 August 2025Ceberio Jesús 7 May 1977 Los partidos políticos vascos negocian las candidaturas conjuntas al Senado https://elpais.com/diario/1977/05/07/espana/231804021_850215.html es El País Bilbao 2 August 2025 DiC List on Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) Socialist Party of Catalonia–Regrouping (PSC–R) Democratic Left of Catalonia (EDC) National Front of Catalonia (FNC) Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) Catalan Centre (CC) 50px Josep Pi-Sunyer Catalan nationalismAutonomism Campaign Debates + 1977 Spanish general election debates Date Organizer(s) Moderator(s)    black #90FF90  P  PresentDenotes a main invitee attending the event.   black #D0F0C0  S  SurrogateDenotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.   black #A2B2C2  NI  Not invited  black #FFFF90  I  Invited   black #FF9090  A  Absent invitee  UCD PSOE PCE AP PSP EDCEE Audience Ref. References 7 June Club Convergencia Carlos Ollero SP. Llorca SSolana SS. Montero SHermosilla SMorodo SG. Robles — 7 June 1977 Hoy, primer debate entre candidatos de distintas opciones https://elpais.com/diario/1977/06/07/espana/234482428_850215.html es El País 2 August 2025 Opinion polls Opinion polling for the 1977 Spanish general election Results Congress of Deputies results by autonomous community/constituency Results of the 1977 Spanish Congress election + Summary of 15 June 1977 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 6,310,391 34.44 n/a 165 n/a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 5,371,866 29.32 n/a 118 n/a Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1,709,890 9.33 n/a 20 n/a People's Alliance (AP) 1,526,671 8.33 n/a 16 n/a People's Alliance (AP) 1,504,771 8.21 n/a 16 n/a Navarrese Foral Alliance (AFN) 21,900 0.12 n/a 0 n/a People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 828,461 4.52 n/a 6 n/a People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 816,582 4.46 n/a 6 n/a Centre-Left of Albacete (CIA) 11,879 0.06 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Pact for Catalonia (PDC) 514,647 2.81 n/a 11 n/a Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State (EDCEE) 417,678 2.28 n/a 2 n/a Federation of Christian Democracy (FPD–ID) 215,841 1.18 n/a 0 n/a Union of the Centre and Christian Democracy of Catalonia (UCiDCC) 172,791 0.94 n/a 2 n/a Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 26,100 0.14 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Union of the Balearic Islands (UDIB) 2,946 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 296,193 1.62 n/a 8 n/a Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front (EC–FED) 143,954 0.79 n/a 1 n/a Democratic Socialist Alliance (PSOEh–PSDE) 126,944 0.69 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 101,916 0.56 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 21,242 0.12 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Democratic Socialist Party (PSDE) 3,786 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Left Front (FDI) 122,608 0.67 n/a 0 n/a National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 97,894 0.53 n/a 0 n/a National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 67,336 0.37 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 25,017 0.14 n/a 0 n/a New Force (FN) 5,541 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Basque Country Left–Navarrese Left Union (EE–UNAI) 85,906 0.47 n/a 1 n/a Basque Country Left (EE) 61,417 0.34 n/a 1 n/a Navarrese Left Union (UNAI) 24,489 0.13 n/a 0 n/a Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 77,575 0.42 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Social Reform (RSE) 64,241 0.35 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 46,548 0.25 n/a 0 n/a Front for Workers' Unity (FUT) 41,208 0.22 n/a 0 n/a Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy (CAIC) 37,183 0.20 n/a 1 n/a Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) 36,002 0.20 n/a 0 n/a Communist Movement (MC)1 34,588 0.19 n/a 0 n/a Popular Unity for Socialism Candidacy (CUPS) 12,040 0.07 n/a 0 n/a Regionalist Unity (UR) 10,821 0.06 n/a 0 n/a Popular Unity Candidates (CUP) 5,206 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Aragonese Autonomist Front (FAA) 4,791 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Regionalist Left Unitary Candidacy (CUIR) 1,504 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Left Andalusian Bloc (BAI) 226 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV) 31,138 0.17 n/a 0 n/a Centre Independent Candidacy (CIC) 29,834 0.16 n/a 1 n/a Galician Socialist Party (PSG) 27,197 0.15 n/a 0 n/a Galician National-Popular Bloc (BNPG) 22,771 0.12 n/a 0 n/a Andalusian Regional Unity (URA) 21,350 0.12 n/a 0 n/a League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (LC–PLC) 20,109 0.11 n/a 0 n/a National Association for the Study of Current Problems (ANEPA–CP) 18,113 0.10 n/a 0 n/a Navarrese Autonomist Union (PNV–ANV–ESB) 18,079 0.10 n/a 0 n/a United Canarian People (PCU) 17,717 0.10 n/a 0 n/a Basque Independent Democrats (DIV) 15,505 0.08 n/a 0 n/a Balearic Autonomist Union (UAB) 11,914 0.07 n/a 0 n/a Independent Navarrese Front (FNI) 10,606 0.06 n/a 0 n/a Canarian People's Party (PPCan) 9,650 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Social Christian Democracy of Catalonia (DSCC) 9,157 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Socialist Movement (MS) 8,741 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Montejurra–Federalism–Self-Management (MFA) 8,461 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Agrarian Social Action (ASA) 8,439 0.05 n/a 0 n/a José Antonio Circles (CJA) 8,184 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Independent Candidacy (INDEP) 6,472 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) 6,435 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Congress Independent Candidacy for Girona (CICPG) 6,411 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 6,158 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Aragonese Christian Democracy (DCAR) 6,014 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Riojan Independent Candidacy (CIR) 5,682 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Socialist Party of Canaries (PSCan) 5,110 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Independent Party of Madrid (PIM) 4,814 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Proverist Party (PPr) 4,590 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 4,530 0.02 n/a 0 n/a United Canarian Left (ICU) 4,118 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Galician Democratic Party (PDG) 3,196 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Independent Candidacy (INDEP) 2,737 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Labour Federation (FL) 2,631 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 2,622 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Riojan Independent Group (GIR) 2,399 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 2,347 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Valencia Socialist Radical Party (PRSV) 2,345 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Carlist Electors of the Valencian Country (ECPV) 2,252 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Independent Candidacy (INDEP) 1,684 0.01 n/a 0 n/a City and Country Independent Electoral Group (AEICC) 1,623 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Small Business Independent Candidates (CIPYE) 1,480 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Association of Ceuta Electors (ADEC) 1,099 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Group of Carlist Electors (ADC) 938 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Independent Spanish Phalanx (FEI) 855 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Agrarian Party (PAE) 833 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Independent Liberal Party (PLI) 805 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 492 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Left Andalusian Candidacy (CAI) 0 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Blank ballots 46,248 0.25 n/a Total 18,324,333 350 n/a Valid votes 18,324,333 98.57 n/a Invalid votes 265,797 1.43 n/a Votes cast / turnout 18,590,130 78.83 n/a Abstentions 4,993,632 21.17 n/a Registered voters 23,583,762 Sourceshttps://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales es Ministry of the Interior 15 April 2022 18 December 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20251218194252/https://infoelectoral.interior.gob.es/es/elecciones-celebradas/resultados-electorales/ dead Lozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1977.html Elecciones Generales 15 de junio de 1977 es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025 left Footnotes: 1 The Communist Movement did not contest the election under its label, but ran scattered across different candidacies instead. Popular vote #ddd 550px 500px UCD Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) 34.44 PSOE Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 29.32 PCE Communist Party of Spain 9.33 AP People's Alliance (Spain) 8.33 PSP–US People's Socialist Party (Spain) 4.52 PDC Democratic Pact for Catalonia 2.81 EDCEE Christian Democracy Federation–Christian Democracy Team 2.28 EAJ/PNV Basque Nationalist Party 1.62 EC–FED Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front 0.79 EE–UNAI Euskadiko Ezkerra 0.47 CAIC Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy 0.20 CIC Independent Candidacy 0.16 Others #777777 5.48 Blank ballots #DDDDDD 0.25 Seats #ddd 550px 500px UCD Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) 47.14 PSOE Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 33.71 PCE Communist Party of Spain 5.71 AP People's Alliance (Spain) 4.57 PDC Democratic Pact for Catalonia 3.14 EAJ/PNV Basque Nationalist Party 2.29 PSP–US People's Socialist Party (Spain) 1.71 EDCEE Christian Democracy Federation–Christian Democracy Team 0.57 EC–FED Left of Catalonia–Democratic Electoral Front 0.29 EE–UNAI Euskadiko Ezkerra 0.29 CAIC Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy 0.29 CIC Independent Candidacy 0.29 Senate + Summary of the 15 June 1977 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) 15,472,170 29.88 n/a 106 n/a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 5,714,036 11.04 n/a 35 n/a Democratic Senate (SD) 5,444,924 10.52 n/a 16 n/a Senators for Democracy (SpD) 2,819,791 5.45 n/a 3 n/a Democratic Senate (SD) 1,716,936 3.32 n/a 9 n/a Group of Electors for a Democratic Senate (AESD) 441,638 0.85 n/a 1 n/a Independents for a Democratic Senate (ISD) 339,396 0.66 n/a 2 n/a Democratic Union for the Senate (UDS) 127,163 0.25 n/a 1 n/a People's Alliance (AP) 4,749,232 9.17 n/a 2 n/a People's Alliance (AP) 4,688,480 9.05 n/a 2 n/a Navarrese Foral Alliance (AFN) 60,752 0.12 n/a 0 n/a Agreement of the Catalans (Entesa) 4,701,586 9.08 n/a 12 n/a People's Socialist Party–Socialist Unity (PSP–US) 2,616,458 5.05 n/a 2 n/a Autonomous Front (FA) 1,711,591 3.31 n/a 10 n/a Independent Progressives and Socialists (PSI) 1,594,509 3.08 n/a 8 n/a Independent Progressives and Socialists (PSI) 1,059,831 2.05 n/a 5 n/a Democratic Forces for Santander (FDS) 231,382 0.45 n/a 1 n/a Independent Democratic Group of Almeria Electors (AEDIA) 170,338 0.33 n/a 1 n/a Democratic Riojan Association (ARD) 132,958 0.26 n/a 1 n/a Democracy and Catalonia (DiC) 1,322,341 2.55 n/a 2 n/a Communist Party of Spain (PCE) 1,014,272 1.96 n/a 0 n/a Christian Democratic Team of the Spanish State (EDCEE) 811,519 1.57 n/a 0 n/a Federation of Christian Democracy (FPD–ID) 649,293 1.25 n/a 0 n/a Basque Christian Democracy (DCV) 147,880 0.29 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Union of the Balearic Islands (UDIB) 14,346 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Socialist Alliance (PSOEh–PSDE) 609,633 1.18 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Socialist Alliance (ASDCI) 456,291 0.88 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (historical) (PSOEh) 127,887 0.25 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Democratic Socialist Party (PSDE) 25,455 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Galician Democratic Candidacy (CDG) 602,260 1.16 n/a 3 n/a Xirinacs Electoral Group (AE Xirinacs) 550,678 1.06 n/a 1 n/a Aragonese Candidacy of Democratic Unity (CAUD) 538,538 1.04 n/a 3 n/a National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 486,786 0.94 n/a 0 n/a National Alliance July 18 (AN18) 425,085 0.82 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 47,465 0.09 n/a 0 n/a New Force (FN) 14,236 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 355,479 0.69 n/a 0 n/a Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy (CAIC) 311,429 0.60 n/a 1 n/a Spanish Social Reform (RSE) 254,805 0.49 n/a 0 n/a Basque Country Left–Navarrese Left Union (EE–UNAI) 225,324 0.44 n/a 1 n/a Basque Country Left (EE) 124,204 0.24 n/a 1 n/a Navarrese Left Union (UNAI) 101,120 0.20 n/a 0 n/a Workers' Electoral Group (AET) 215,968 0.42 n/a 0 n/a Socialist Party of the Valencian Country (PSPV) 189,440 0.37 n/a 0 n/a Galician National-Popular Bloc (BNPG) 167,385 0.32 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Left Front (FDI) 129,855 0.25 n/a 0 n/a Aragonese Christian Democracy (DCAR) 125,353 0.24 n/a 0 n/a League of Catalonia–Catalan Liberal Party (LC–PLC) 118,454 0.23 n/a 0 n/a Socialist Movement (MS) 103,373 0.20 n/a 0 n/a Democratic Group of Albacete (ADA) 78,510 0.15 n/a 0 n/a Andalusian Regional Unity (URA) 77,593 0.15 n/a 0 n/a Independents of Soria (IDS) 75,080 0.15 n/a 4 n/a Centre Independent Candidacy (CIC) 74,202 0.14 n/a 0 n/a José Antonio Circles (CJA) 69,625 0.13 n/a 0 n/a National Association for the Study of Current Problems (ANEPA–CP) 69,578 0.13 n/a 0 n/a Liberal Alliance (AL) 68,463 0.13 n/a 0 n/a Basque Socialist Party (ESB/PSV) 66,757 0.13 n/a 0 n/a Independent Party of Madrid (PIM) 64,546 0.12 n/a 0 n/a Independent Navarrese Front (FNI) 51,296 0.10 n/a 0 n/a Regionalist Unity (UR) 50,698 0.10 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 50,275 0.10 n/a 0 n/a Independents (INDEP) 47,206 0.09 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Ecologist Party (PEE) 41,901 0.08 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 41,731 0.08 n/a 0 n/a Montejurra–Federalism–Self-Management (MFA) 36,219 0.07 n/a 0 n/a Independents (INDEP) 32,919 0.06 n/a 0 n/a Navarre People's Group (APN) 32,861 0.06 n/a 0 n/a Basque Nationalist Action (EAE/ANV) 31,534 0.06 n/a 0 n/a Independents (INDEP) 30,119 0.06 n/a 0 n/a Galician Democratic Party (PDG) 28,073 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Labour Federation (FL) 26,680 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 26,516 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 24,935 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Canarian Independent Democracy (DIC) 24,864 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Basque Independent Democrats (DIV) 23,735 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 23,509 0.05 n/a 0 n/a Traditionalist Communion (CT) 21,641 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Lleidan Union (UL) 21,199 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Group of Electors (AE) 21,042 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Canarian People's Party (PPCan) 21,022 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 21,009 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Independents (INDEP) 19,701 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 18,966 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Regionalist Socialist Party (PSR) 18,812 0.04 n/a 0 n/a United Canarian People (PCU) 18,427 0.04 n/a 0 n/a Social Democratic Andalusian Party (PASD) 17,500 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Riojan Independent Candidacy (CIR) 16,540 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 16,130 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Balearic Autonomist Union (UAB) 14,402 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Independent Electoral Group of Countryside and Town (AEICYU) 13,973 0.03 n/a 0 n/a Independents (INDEP) 12,343 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 11,815 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Group of Electors (AE) 10,696 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 9,141 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Independent Democratic Candidacy (CDI) 9,104 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Independent Liberal Party (PLI) 8,425 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 8,152 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Spanish Agrarian Party (PAE) 7,879 0.02 n/a 0 n/a Confederation of Conservative Parties (CPC) 7,093 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Autonomist Bloc (BA) 6,540 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Independents (INDEP) 5,742 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 4,530 0.01 n/a 0 n/a Majorera Assembly (AM) 3,182 0.01 n/a 1 n/a Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (Authentic) (FE–JONS(A)) 2,473 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Autonomous Movement (MAP) 1,880 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Independent (INDEP) 1,725 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Menorca Island and Regional Problems (MPIA) 1,354 0.00 n/a 0 n/a Blank ballotsThe percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party. n/a Total 51,779,261 207 n/a Valid votes n/a Invalid votes n/a Votes cast / turnout n/a Abstentions n/a Registered voters 23,583,762 SourcesLozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1977comp.html#s Elecciones al Senado 1977 es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025Lozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/senado7.html Composición del Senado 1977- es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025Lozano Carles https://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1977s.html Elecciones al Senado 15 de junio de 1977 es Historia Electoral.com 25 August 2025 Popular vote #ddd 550px 500px UCD Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) 29.88 PSOE Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 11.04 SD Democratic Senate 10.52 AP People's Alliance (Spain) 9.17 Entesa Agreement of the Catalans 9.08 PSP–US People's Socialist Party (Spain) 5.05 FA Autonomous Front 3.31 PSI Independent Progressives and Socialists 3.08 DiC Democracy and Catalonia 2.55 PCE Communist Party of Spain 1.96 EDCEE Christian Democracy Federation–Christian Democracy Team 1.57 ASDCI Democratic Socialist Alliance (Spain) 1.18 CDG Galician Democratic Candidacy 1.16 AE Xirinacs #000000 1.06 CAUD Aragonese Candidacy of Democratic Unity 1.04 CAIC Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy 0.60 EE–UNAI Euskadiko Ezkerra 0.44 IDS Independent Candidacy 0.15 AM Majorera Assembly 0.01 Others #777777 7.17 Blank ballots #DDDDDD 0.00 Seats #ddd 550px 500px UCD Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain) 51.21 PSOE Spanish Socialist Workers' Party 16.91 SD Democratic Senate 7.73 Entesa Agreement of the Catalans 5.80 FA Autonomous Front 4.83 PSI Independent Progressives and Socialists 3.86 IDS Independent Candidacy 1.93 CDG Galician Democratic Candidacy 1.45 CAUD Aragonese Candidacy of Democratic Unity 1.45 AP People's Alliance (Spain) 0.97 PSP–US People's Socialist Party (Spain) 0.97 DiC Democracy and Catalonia 0.97 AE Xirinacs #000000 0.48 CAIC Centre Independent Aragonese Candidacy 0.48 EE–UNAI Euskadiko Ezkerra 0.48 AM Majorera Assembly 0.48 Maps Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Decreto 1823/1975, de 31 de julio, por el que se prorroga la actual Legislatura de las Cortes Españolas Decree 1823/1975 31 July 1975 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1975-16299 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1975-16299 1 April 2026 Decree 1823/1975 1975 y Decreto 111/1976, de 27 de enero, por el que se prorroga la actual Legislatura de las Cortes Españolas Decree 111/1976 27 January 1976 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1976-1937 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1976-1937 1 April 2026 Decree 111/1976 1976 y Ley 1/1977, de 4 de enero, para la Reforma Política Fundamental Law 1/1977 4 January 1977 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1977-165 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1977-165 27 December 2016 Law 1/1977 1977 y Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 18 March 1977 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1977-7445 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1977-7445 27 December 2016 Royal Decree-Law 20/1977 1977 y Real Decreto 679/1977, de 15 de abril, por el que se convocan elecciones generales a las Cortes Españolas Royal Decree 679/1977 15 April 1977 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1977-9545 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1977-9545 1 April 2026 Royal Decree 679/1977 1977 y Real Decreto 1603/1977, de 5 de julio, por el que se convocan las Cortes de la Monarquía Española Royal Decree 1603/1977 5 July 1977 Official State Gazette BOE-A-1977-15339 es https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1977-15339 1 April 2026 Royal Decree 1603/1977 1977 Other 30em Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Juliá Díaz Santos 1999 Un siglo de España. Política y sociedad es Madrid Marcial Pons 84-9537903-1 Martínez Martín Jesús 1998 Historia de España. Siglo XX (1939-1996) es Madrid Cátedra 9788437617039 Preston Paul 2003 Juan Carlos, el rey de un pueblo es 2 Hospitalet ABC, S.L 362–415 84-413-2063-2 Ruiz González David 2002 La España democrática (1975-2000). Política y sociedad es Madrid Síntesis 1072–1097 84-9756-015-9 Tusell Gómez Javier 1997 La transición española. La recuperación de las libertades es Madrid Historia 16-Temas de Hoy 84-7679-327-8 Category:1977 elections in Spain 1977 Category:June 1977 in Spain