1996 New Zealand general election

none April 2024 April 2018 1996 New Zealand general election 2,135,175 88.28% (5.46%) 2,418,587 New Zealand parliamentary no 1993 New Zealand general election 1993 44th New Zealand Parliament 1999 New Zealand general election 1999 All 120 seats in the House of Representatives 61 1996 10 12 y members Opinion polling for the 1996 New Zealand general election Party vote Percentage Jim Bolger at press conference retouched.jpg 150 120 160 5 20 Jim Bolger 26 March 1986 New Zealand National Party Taranaki-King Country 50 seats, 35.05% 41 44 3‡ 701,315 33.87% Helen Clark 2.jpg 170 120 160 5 30 Helen Clark 1 December 1993 New Zealand Labour Party Owairaka 45 seats, 34.68% 41 37 4‡ 584,159 28.19% Winston Peters cropped.PNG 150 120 160 0 10 Winston Peters 18 July 1993 New Zealand First Tauranga 2 seats, 8.40% 5 17 12‡ 276,603 13.35% Jim Anderton, 2010.jpg 190 120 160 0 10 Jim Anderton 7 May 1995 Alliance (New Zealand political party) Wigram 2 seats, 18.21% 2 13 11‡ 209,347 10.10% Richard Prebble 1993 (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Richard Prebble 24 March 1996 ACT New Zealand Wellington Central Not yet founded 0 8 8 126,442 6.10% Clive Matthewson 28 June 1995 United New Zealand Ran in Dunedin South (lost) Not yet founded 7 1 6 18,245 0.88% 1996 New Zealand general election.svg 450px Results by electorate, shaded by winning margin Prime Minister and coalition Subsequent Prime Minister and coalition Jim Bolger (National) Jim Bolger (National) National—United NZ (C&S: CDP, Conservative) National—NZ First The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament. It was significant for being the first election to be held under the new mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, and produced a parliament considerably more diverse than previous elections. Under the new MMP system, 65 members were elected in single-member districts by first-past-the-post voting (including five Māori electorates), while a further 55 "top-up" members were allocated from closed lists to achieve a proportional distribution based on each party's share of the nationwide party vote. 1996 saw the National Party, led by Jim Bolger, retain its position in government, but only after protracted negotiations with the smaller New Zealand First party to form a coalition. New Zealand First won 17 seats—including sweeping every single Māori electorate, all of which had been dominated by the Labour Party since the Second World War. Particular emphasis was placed on New Zealand First's unprecedented success, particularly among Māori; their five Māori electorate winners became known as the "Tight Five". The party's position as "kingmaker" meant they were able to place either of the two major parties into government, a significant election outcome for such a new party. Various other unusual results occurred under the new system. For one, the National Party sought to ensure the parliamentary representation of the ACT New Zealand, a newly-formed libertarian party which had largely split from the Labour Party after the end of Rogernomics. National endorsed ACT leader and former Labour minister Richard Prebble against their own for Wellington Central, a consistently safe Labour seat. Under New Zealand's MMP rules, a party qualified for list seats if it won at least one electorate seat, regardless of vote share. Bolger thus wanted to ensure ACT could potentially be part of a National-led coalition. Prebble unexpectedly won, though ACT's vote share would have qualified them for MMP in any event. Other unusual occurrences was the large amount of new Māori MPs – leading to the backronym "More Māori in Parliament" for MMP.2021-10-13 More Māori in Parliament: Sandra Lee reflects on introduction of MMP https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/453477/more-maori-in-parliament-sandra-lee-reflects-on-introduction-of-mmp live 21 January 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250121043053/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/453477/more-maori-in-parliament-sandra-lee-reflects-on-introduction-of-mmp Jamie Tahana 2023-08-12 RNZ en-nz With the introduction of MMP in 1996, the proportion of Māori in Parliament increased from 8% to 14%, to an all-time record of 17 MPs.https://teara.govt.nz/en/nga-mangai-maori-representation/print#:~:text=Increased%20M%C4%81ori%20representation,First%20MPs%20were%20re%2Delected. 12 August 2023 21 January 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250121041637/https://teara.govt.nz/en/nga-mangai-maori-representation/print live Ngā māngai – Māori representation 20 June 2012 15 July 2016 Rawiri Taonui Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand With the introduction of MMP in 1996, the proportion of Māori in Parliament increased from 8% to 14%, a total of 17 MPs. In 2011, 22 MPs (18%) were Māori; the number increased to 28 (23%) in 2017, but fell to 25 (21%) in 2020, when no New Zealand First MPs were re-elected. Increased Māori representation Background Changes mid-term In the 1993 election, the National Party and the Labour Party had won 50 and 45 seats, respectively. The Alliance and the New Zealand First party had each won two seats. In the approach to MMP, however, there had been considerable rearrangement in parliament, with three new parties being established. As such, the situation just before the 1996 election was markedly different from the situation that had been established at the 1993 election. PartyIdeologyWon at 1993 electionBy time of 1996 electionReasons for changeNationalLiberal conservatism5041Defection of 9 MPsLabourSocial democracy4541Defection of 4 MPsUnitedCentrism –7Formed by 4 former National MPs and 3 former Labour MPsNZ FirstPopulismAnti-neoliberalism25Initial MPs joined by 2 former National MPs and one former Labour MPAllianceProgressivismGreen politics22No changeConservativeConservatism –1Founded by 2 former National MPs; one later became an independentChristian DemocratsChristian democracy –1Founded by a former National MPIndependents – –1Ross Meurant, a former National (and briefly Conservative) MP Electoral redistribution The 1996 election was notable for the significant change of electorate boundaries, based on the provisions of the Electoral Act 1993.act ea1993103 Electoral Act 1993 1993 No 87 true Because of the introduction of the MMP electoral system, the number of electorates had to be reduced, leading to significant changes. Under MMP, there would be only 65 district members (including five Maori members), down by 34 from the number elected in the 1993 election. The previous 95 non-Maori electorates had to be redrawn into just 60 new electorates. The Maori electorates were redrawn too, due to an increase of one overall. Many electorates were abolished, with their territories being incorporated into completely new electoral districts. More than half of the electorates contested in 1996 were newly constituted, and most of the remainder had seen significant boundary changes. Wanganui was renamed as Whanganui. In total, 73 electorates were abolished, 29 electorates were newly created, and 10 electorates were recreated, giving a net loss of 34 electorates. The North Island went from about 65 districts to only 44 in the redistribution. South Island Since the 1967 electoral redistribution, the South Island had its number of general electorates fixed at 25.McRobie 1989 111, 123 For the 1996 election and onwards, the number of South Island electorates is fixed at 16. The number of electors on the general roll of the South Island divided by 16 gives the target size for North Island and Māori electorates; this is referred to as the South Island quota.The mathematics of electorate allocation in New Zealand based on the outcome of the 2023 Census and Māori Electoral Option https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/the-mathematics-of-electorate-allocation-in-new-zealand-based-on-the-outcome-of-the-2023-census-and-maori-electoral-option/ https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20250121050143/https://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/the-mathematics-of-electorate-allocation-in-new-zealand-based-on-the-outcome-of-the-2023-census-and-maori-electoral-option/ 21 January 2025 live Stats NZ 23 October 2024 29 June 2015 The electorates of Avon, Awarua, Christchurch North, Clutha, Dunedin West, Fendalton, Lyttelton, Marlborough, Rangiora, Selwyn, St Albans, St Kilda, Sydenham, Tasman, Timaru, Waitaki, Wallace, West Coast, and Yaldhurst were abolished in the South Island. Six existing electorates (Christchurch Central, Dunedin North, Invercargill, Nelson, Otago, and Rakaia) were kept. Seven electorates (Aoraki, Banks Peninsula, Clutha-Southland, Ilam, Kaikoura, Waimakariri, and West Coast-Tasman) were newly formed. Three electorates (Christchurch East, Dunedin South, and Wigram) were recreated. North Island Based on the calculation described above, the target size for North Island electorates resulted in 44 of them being required. The electorates of Birkenhead, East Coast Bays, Eastern Bay of Plenty, Eastern Hutt, Eden, Far North, Franklin, Gisborne, Glenfield, Hastings, Hauraki, Hawkes Bay, Henderson, Heretaunga, Hobson, Horowhenua, Howick, Island Bay, Kaimai, Kaipara, Kapiti, King Country, Manawatu, Matakana, Matamata, Miramar, Mt Albert, Onehunga, Onslow, Otara, Pahiatua, Panmure, Papakura, Papatoetoe, Pencarrow, Porirua, Raglan, Remuera, Roskill, Taranaki, Tarawera, Te Atatu, Titirangi, Tongariro, Waikaremoana, Waikato, Waipa, Waitotara, Wellington-Karori, and Western Hutt were abolished in the North Island. Twenty existing electorates (Albany, Auckland Central, Hamilton East, Hamilton West, Mangere, Manurewa, Napier, New Lynn, New Plymouth, North Shore, Pakuranga, Palmerston North, Rangitikei, Rotorua, Tamaki, Tauranga, Wairarapa, Waitakere, Whanganui, and Whangarei) were kept. Seventeen electorates (Mahia, Owairaka, Waipareira, Karapiro, Ohariu-Belmont, Port Waikato, Epsom, Hutt South, Mana, Manukau East, Maungakiekie, Northcote, Northland, Rimutaka, Rongotai, Taranaki-King Country, and Tukituki) were newly formed. Eight electorates (Bay of Plenty, Coromandel, Hunua, Otaki, Rodney, Taupo, and Wellington Central) were recreated. Māori electorates All four existing Māori electorates (Eastern Maori, Northern Maori, Southern Maori, and Western Maori) were abolished. The calculation described above resulted in five Māori electorates being required; these were Te Puku O Te Whenua, Te Tai Hauauru, Te Tai Rawhiti, Te Tai Tokerau, and Te Tai Tonga. List seats The House of Representatives was to have 120 seats, of which 65 were filled through electorate MPs (16 from South Island electorates, 44 from North Island electorates, and 5 from Māori electorates). This left 55 list seats to be filled. An outcome of the election was that no overhang seats were produced. (If they had been, compensation seats might have been required.) MPs retiring in 1996 Eleven MPs intended to retire at the end of the 44th Parliament. Party Name Electorate National Robert Anderson Kaimai Philip Burdon Fendalton Warren Cooper Otago Robin Gray Clutha John Falloon Pahiatua Roger McClay Waikaremoana Rob Storey Waikato NZ First Michael Laws Hawkes Bay Labour David Caygill St Albans David Lange Mangere Elizabeth Tennet Island Bay The election The date of the 1996 election was 12 October; it was brought forward slightly to avoid the need for a by-election following the resignation of Michael Laws, as a by-election is not needed if there will be a general election within 6 months of a seat being vacated. Of the 2,418,587 people registered to vote, 88.3% turned out to vote. The turnout was a slight improvement on the previous two elections, but still slightly lower than what would have been expected during the 1980s. The number of seats being contested was 120, an increase of 21 from the previous election, but as 55 of the new seats were for list candidates, the number of electorates was reduced considerably and many electorates had their boundaries amended or were abolished. While the number of general electorates decreased from 95 (1993) to 60 (1996), the number of Māori electorates increased from 4 to 5. In the election 842 candidates stood, and there were 21 registered parties with party lists. Of the candidates, 459 were electorate and list, 152 were electorate only, and 231 were list only. 73% of candidates (616) were male and 27% (226) female.The Baubles of Office: The New Zealand General Election of 2005 p87, edited by Stephen Levine & Nigel S Roberts (2007, Victoria University Press, Wellington) 978-0-86473-539-3New Zealand Votes: The General Election of 2002 p22 edited by Jonathan Boston, Stephen Church, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay & Nigel S. Roberts (2003, Victoria University Press, Wellington) 0-86473-468-9 Results The 1996 election eventually saw a victory for the governing National Party, which won around a third of the vote. The opposition Labour Party won slightly less. The election, however, was not decided by the comparative strengths of the major parties – rather, the smaller New Zealand First party, which won 17 seats, including 5 Māori seats won by the Tight Five, and was placed in the position of "kingmaker", able to provide the necessary majority to whichever side it chose. Although predicted by many to ally with Labour, on 10 December 1996 New Zealand First leader Winston Peters chose to form a coalition with National, thus preserving Prime Minister Jim Bolger's administration.https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/ia-decade-of-mmpi-1996-election-left-country-hanging/HOP4ZU5RFQ7G37U4323CCQI5PA/ live 21 January 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250121044651/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/ia-decade-of-mmpi-1996-election-left-country-hanging/HOP4ZU5RFQ7G37U4323CCQI5PA/ A decade of MMP: 1996 election left country hanging The New Zealand Herald 11 October 2006 2 April 2015 The 1996 election effectively showcased the difference made by the new electoral system. The Alliance and New Zealand First, both of which held two seats each in the old parliament, increased their representation to 13 and 17 seats, respectively, as a result of the change. The new ACT New Zealand also benefited, taking eight seats. The new United New Zealand party however was virtually wiped out, retaining only a single seat. The Conservative Party also only established only in previous Parliament by defecting Members of Parliament fared even worse, failing to remain in parliament at all. Strategic voting took place for the first time in a New Zealand MMP election in the Wellington seats of Ohariu-Belmont and Wellington Central. However, Labour did manage to retain its status as among the top-two parties, as polls in the 1993–1996 period had shown Labour was in danger of being overtaken by the Alliance or New Zealand First. Labour's success was credited largely to its leader Helen Clark being seen as having convincingly won the election debates and running a strong campaign on health, education and social services, while Bolger was said to have run a lackluster campaign.The 1996 General Election in New Zealand: Proportional Representation and Political Change, edited by Jonathan Boston, Stephen Levine, Elizabeth McLeay and Nigel S. Roberts (1997, Australian Institute of Policy and Science, Australia) Also notable in the 1996 election campaign was the Christian Coalition, an alliance of the Christian Democrats and the Christian Heritage Party. Although the party had briefly crossed the 5% threshold in some polls, it gained only 4.33% at the election, and therefore did not qualify for parliamentary representation. With the exception of the Maori Ratana movement, this is the closest that an overtly religious party has come to winning representation in parliament. Voters were prepared with MMP to vote for minor party candidates with their electorate vote, hence in a number of electorates won by National or Labour the other major party candidate came third or even fourth; previously the two top polling candidates were almost always National and Labour. Detailed results Summary of the 12 October 1996 election for the House of Representatives https://archive.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_1996/ 1996 GENERAL ELECTION – OFFICIAL RESULTS AND STATISTICS https://web.archive.org/web/20250121042716/https://archive.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_1996/ 21 January 2025 live ElectionResults.govt.nz Electoral Commission 18 October 2020 | colspan=11 align=center| 300px |- style="text-align:center;" ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 style="width:213px;" | Party ! Colspan=2 | Party vote ! Colspan=3 | Electorate vote ! Colspan=4 | Seats |- style="text-align:center;" ! Votes ! % ! Votes ! % ! Change(pp) ! List ! Electorate ! Total ! +/- |- | New Zealand National Party | 701,315 | 33.84 | 699,073 | 33.91 | 1.14 | 14 | 30 | 44 | 6 |- | New Zealand Labour Party | 584,159 | 28.19 | 640,884 | 31.08 | 3.60 | 11 | 26 | 37 | 8 |- | New Zealand First | 276,603 | 13.35 | 278,103 | 13.49 | 5.09 | 11 | 6 | 17 | 15 |- | Alliance (New Zealand political party) | 209,347 | 10.10 | 231,944 | 11.25 | 6.96 | 12 | 1 | 13 | 11 |- | ACT New Zealand | 126,442 | 6.10 | 77,319 | 3.75 | new | 7 | 1 | 8 | new |- | United New Zealand | 18,245 | 0.88 | 42,666 | 2.07 | new | 0 | 1 | 1 | new |- | Christian Coalition (New Zealand) | 89,716 | 4.33 | 31,995 | 1.55 | 0.47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party | 34,398 | 1.66 | 3,420 | 0.17 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- | McGillicuddy Serious Party | 5,990 | 0.29 | 12,177 | 0.59 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | Progressive Green Party (New Zealand) | 5,288 | 0.26 | 7,437 | 0.36 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- |Mana Māori Movement | 4,070 | 0.20 | 4,763 | 0.23 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- |Animals First | 3,543 | 0.17 | — | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | new |- | Natural Law Party of New Zealand | 3,189 | 0.15 | 5,385 | 0.26 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | style="background-color:#F93" | | style="text-align:left;" |Ethnic Minority Party | 2,514 | 0.12 | — | — | — | 0 | — | 0 | new |- |Green Society | 2,363 | 0.11 | 1,140 | 0.06 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- |New Zealand Conservative Party | 1,431 | 0.07 | 4,377 | 0.21 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- |Superannuitants and Youth Action | 1,244 | 0.06 | 686 | 0.03 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- |Advance New Zealand (1995) | 949 | 0.05 | 637 | 0.03 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- |Libertarianz | 671 | 0.03 | 553 | 0.03 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- |Asia Pacific United Party | 478 | 0.02 | 293 | 0.01 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- |Te Tawharau | 404 | 0.02 | 818 | 0.04 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- | New Zealand Republican Party (1995) | — | — | 134 | 0.01 | new | 0 | 0 | 0 | new |- | style="background-color:#ffffff" | | style="text-align:left;" |Unregistered Parties | — | — | 1,506 | 0.07 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- | Independent (politician) | — | — | 16,436 | 0.80 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Valid Votes ! 2,072,359 ! 97.06 ! 2,061,746 ! 96.56 ! — ! Colspan=4 | |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Informal votes | 8,183 | 0.38 | 18,796 | 0.88 ! — ! Colspan=4 | |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Disallowed votes | 54,633 | 2.56 | 54,633 | 2.56 ! — ! Colspan=4 | |- ! colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Total ! 2,135,175 ! 100 ! 2,135,175 ! 100 ! ! 55 ! 65 ! 120 ! 21a |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Eligible voters and Turnout | 2,418,587 | 88.28 | 2,418,587 | 88.28 | 5.46 | Colspan=4 | |} In addition to the registered parties listed above, a number of unregistered parties also contested the election. Being unregistered, they could not submit party lists (and thus receive party votes), but they could still stand candidates in individual electorates. Among the parties to do this were the Indigenous Peoples Party, the New Zealand Progressive Party (unrelated to the 2002–2012 party of the same name) and the Nga Iwi Morehu Movement. Most unregistered parties stood only a single candidate, with only four parties running in multiple electorates. In total, around 1,500 people voted for candidates from unregistered parties. In addition, 26 independents contested electorate seats. A total of 16,436 people voted for independent candidates. No candidate from an unregistered party or an independent candidate won an electorate seat. Votes summary Constituency Vote #ddd 600px 410px National New Zealand National Party 33.91 Labour New Zealand Labour Party 31.08 NZ First New Zealand First 13.49 Alliance Alliance (New Zealand political party) 11.25 ACT ACT New Zealand 3.75 United United Future New Zealand 2.07 Christian Coalition Christian Coalition (New Zealand) 1.55 Others #777777 2.90 Party Vote #ddd 600px 410px National New Zealand National Party 33.87 Labour New Zealand Labour Party 28.19 NZ First New Zealand First 13.35 Alliance Alliance (New Zealand political party) 10.10 ACT ACT New Zealand 6.10 Christian Coalition Christian Coalition (New Zealand) 4.33 Legalise Cannabis Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party 1.66 United United Future New Zealand 0.88 Others #777777 3.21 Parliament seats #ddd 600px 410px National New Zealand National Party 36.67 Labour New Zealand Labour Party 30.83 NZ First New Zealand First 14.17 Alliance Alliance (New Zealand political party) 10.83 ACT ACT New Zealand 6.67 United United New Zealand 0.83 Electorate results thumb|left|596px|Party affiliation of winning electorate candidates. No party managed to win a straight majority of the 65 electorates. The National Party, the governing party, was three seats short of a majority, gaining 30 seats. The Labour Party, in opposition, won 26 electorate seats. New Zealand First won six electorate seats, the highest number of any minor party for over 50 years. The Alliance, ACT and United managed to win one electorate seat each. For United, this was a significant loss – established by break-away MPs from National and Labour, the party entered the election with seven seats, but only Peter Dunne managed to retain his position, being helped by National's decision not to field a candidate in his electorate of Ohariu-Belmont. For the most part, traditional patterns prevailed when it came to the distribution of electorates – National performed best in rural areas, while Labour was strongest in the cities. A very significant departure from traditional patterns, however, was New Zealand First's capture of all five Maori seats, which had traditionally been Labour strongholds. Although Labour was to reclaim these seats in the subsequent election, Labour's monopoly was no longer so secure as it had been. The table below shows the results of the 1996 general election: Key New Zealand National Party New Zealand Labour Party Alliance (New Zealand political party) New Zealand First ACT New Zealand United New Zealand Mana Māori Movement Independent politician Electorate results of the 1996 New Zealand general electionhttp://archive.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_1996/pdf/4.3%20Winning%20Electorate%20Candidate%20Votes.pdf live 21 January 2025 https://web.archive.org/web/20250121050641/http://archive.electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_1996/pdf/4.3%20Winning%20Electorate%20Candidate%20Votes.pdf Part VI – Elected Candidates Votes archive.electionresults.govt.nz 1996 3 September 2017 true |- |colspan=10 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | General electorates |- Albany Don McKinnon New Zealand National Party Murray McCully New Zealand National Party 11,647 Terry Heffernan New Zealand First Heather Ann McConachy Alliance (New Zealand political party) Aoraki Jim Sutton New Zealand Labour Party 2,932 Stuart Boag New Zealand National Party Jenny Bloxham New Zealand First Auckland Central Sandra Lee Alliance (New Zealand political party) Judith Tizard New Zealand Labour Party 3,353 Sandra Lee Alliance (New Zealand political party) Shane Frith New Zealand National Party Banks Peninsula David Carter New Zealand National Party 4,378 Ruth Dyson New Zealand Labour Party Rod Donald Alliance (New Zealand political party) Bay of Plenty Tony Ryall New Zealand National Party 5,153 Peter Brown New Zealand First Julie Tucker New Zealand Labour Party Christchurch Central Lianne Dalziel New Zealand Labour Party Tim Barnett New Zealand Labour Party 653 Kerry Sutherland New Zealand National Party Liz Gordon Alliance (New Zealand political party) Christchurch East Larry Sutherland New Zealand Labour Party 2,953 Sue McKenzie New Zealand National Party Marie Venning Alliance (New Zealand political party) Clutha-Southland Bill English New Zealand National Party 9,053 Lesley Soper New Zealand Labour Party Alan Wise New Zealand First Coromandel Murray McLean New Zealand National Party 2,450 Jeanette Fitzsimons Alliance (New Zealand political party) Robyn McDonald New Zealand First Dunedin North Pete Hodgson New Zealand Labour Party 10,207 Margie Stevens New Zealand National Party Jim Flynn Alliance (New Zealand political party) Dunedin South Michael Cullen New Zealand Labour Party 4,276 Leah McBay Alliance (New Zealand political party) Malcolm MacPherson New Zealand National Party Epsom Christine Fletcher New Zealand National Party 20,642 Helen Duncan New Zealand Labour Party Mary Tierney Alliance (New Zealand political party) Hamilton East Dianne Yates New Zealand Labour Party Tony Steel New Zealand National Party 2,347 Dianne Yates New Zealand Labour Party Doug Woolerton New Zealand First Hamilton West Martin Gallagher New Zealand Labour Party Bob Simcock New Zealand National Party 597 Martin Gallaghar New Zealand Labour Party Neil Kirton New Zealand First Hunua Warren Kyd New Zealand National Party 5,098 John Robertson United New Zealand Paul Schofield New Zealand Labour Party Hutt South Trevor Mallard New Zealand Labour Party 2,456 Joy McLauchlan New Zealand National Party Peter Love Alliance (New Zealand political party) Ilam Gerry Brownlee New Zealand National Party 10,090 Eamon Daly New Zealand Labour Party Margaret Austin United New Zealand Invercargill Mark Peck New Zealand Labour Party 4,235 Eric Roy New Zealand National Party Owen Horton New Zealand First Kaikoura Doug Kidd New Zealand National Party 5,912 Marian Hobbs New Zealand Labour Party Tom Harrison New Zealand First Karapiro John Luxton New Zealand National Party 9,367 Sue Moroney New Zealand Labour Party Clive Mortensen New Zealand First Mahia Janet Mackey New Zealand Labour Party 978 Wayne Kimber New Zealand National Party Gordon Preston New Zealand First Mana Graham Kelly New Zealand Labour Party 3,622 Allan Wells New Zealand National Party Graham Harding New Zealand First Mangere David Lange New Zealand Labour Party Taito Phillip Field New Zealand Labour Party 9,317 David Broome New Zealand National Party Len Richards Alliance (New Zealand political party) Manukau East Ross Robertson New Zealand Labour Party 4,583 Ken Yee New Zealand National Party Ngaire Clark New Zealand First Manurewa George Hawkins New Zealand Labour Party 8,573 Les Marinkovich New Zealand National Party Roger Mail New Zealand First Maungakiekie Belinda Vernon New Zealand National Party 228 Richard Northey New Zealand Labour Party Matt Robson Alliance (New Zealand political party) Napier Geoff Braybrooke New Zealand Labour Party 10,146 Kathryn Ward New Zealand National Party Robin Gwynn Alliance (New Zealand political party) Nelson John Blincoe New Zealand Labour Party Nick Smith New Zealand National Party 12,424 John Blincoe New Zealand Labour Party Mike Ward Alliance (New Zealand political party) New Lynn Jonathan Hunt New Zealand Labour Party Phil Goff New Zealand Labour Party 7,138 Richard Gardner New Zealand National Party Cliff Robinson Alliance (New Zealand political party) New Plymouth Harry Duynhoven New Zealand Labour Party 11,533 Roger Maxwell New Zealand National Party Harry Slaats New Zealand First North Shore Bruce Cliffe United New Zealand Wayne Mapp New Zealand National Party 10,348 Derek Quigley ACT New Zealand Joel Cayford Alliance (New Zealand political party) Northcote Ian Revell New Zealand National Party 4,563 Ann Hartley New Zealand Labour Party Grant Gillon Alliance (New Zealand political party) Northland John Carter New Zealand National Party 5,961 Ron Peters New Zealand First Frank Grover Alliance (New Zealand political party) Ohariu-Belmont Peter Dunne United New Zealand 8,513 Verna Smith New Zealand Labour Party Phillida Bunkle Alliance (New Zealand political party) Otago Warren Cooper New Zealand National Party Gavan Herlihy New Zealand National Party 7,005 Janet Yiakmis New Zealand Labour Party Bruce Albiston Independent politician Otaki Judy Keall New Zealand Labour Party 988 Roger Sowry New Zealand National Party Mike Smith Alliance (New Zealand political party) Owairaka Helen Clark New Zealand Labour Party 5,980 Phil Raffills New Zealand National Party Jason Keiller New Zealand First Pakuranga Maurice Williamson New Zealand National Party 14,504 James Clarke New Zealand Labour Party Robert Whooley New Zealand First Palmerston North Steve Maharey New Zealand Labour Party 11,030 George Mathew New Zealand National Party Gerard Hehir Alliance (New Zealand political party) Port Waikato Bill Birch New Zealand National Party 7,002 John Forbes New Zealand First Terry Hughes New Zealand Labour Party Rakaia Jenny Shipley New Zealand National Party 5,030 Geoff Stone New Zealand Labour Party Colleen Page New Zealand First Rangitikei Denis Marshall New Zealand National Party 2,763 Jill White New Zealand Labour Party Hamish MacIntyre Alliance (New Zealand political party) Rimutaka Paul Swain New Zealand Labour Party 2,878 Karyn Bisdee New Zealand National Party Peter McCardle New Zealand First Rodney Lockwood Smith New Zealand National Party 7,431 Mike Lee Alliance (New Zealand political party) David Gregory Gill New Zealand First Rongotai Annette King New Zealand Labour Party 7,700 David Major New Zealand National Party Bill Hamilton Alliance (New Zealand political party) Rotorua Paul East New Zealand National Party Max Bradford New Zealand National Party 5,896 Keith Ridings Alliance (New Zealand political party) Charles William Sturt New Zealand First Tamaki Clem Simich New Zealand National Party 8,010 Jonathan Hunt New Zealand Labour Party Patricia Schnauer ACT New Zealand Taranaki-King Country Jim Bolger New Zealand National Party 10,233 Robin Ord New Zealand First Peter Calvert New Zealand Labour Party Taupo Mark Burton New Zealand Labour Party 1,574 John McCarthy New Zealand National Party Ian Peters New Zealand First Tauranga Winston Peters New Zealand First 8,028 Katherine O'Regan New Zealand National Party Stephanie Hammond New Zealand Labour Party Tukituki Rick Barker New Zealand Labour Party 7,226 Graeme Reeves New Zealand National Party John Ormond ACT New Zealand Waimakariri Mike Moore New Zealand Labour Party 10,606 Jim Gerard New Zealand National Party John Wright Alliance (New Zealand political party) Waipareira Brian Neeson New Zealand National Party 107 Chris Carter New Zealand Labour Party Jack Elder New Zealand First Wairarapa Wyatt Creech New Zealand National Party 7,867 Dave MacPherson Alliance (New Zealand political party) Lynette Stutz New Zealand Labour Party Waitakere Brian Neeson New Zealand National Party Marie Hasler New Zealand National Party 1,981 Suzanne Sinclair New Zealand Labour Party Liz Thomas Alliance (New Zealand political party) Wellington Central Richard Prebble ACT New Zealand 1,860 Alick Shaw New Zealand Labour Party Mark Thomas New Zealand National Party West Coast-Tasman Damien O'Connor New Zealand Labour Party 8,491 Margaret Moir New Zealand National Party Richard Davies Alliance (New Zealand political party) Whanganui Jill Pettis New Zealand Labour Party 2,214 Peter Gresham New Zealand National Party Caroline Lampp Alliance (New Zealand political party) Whangarei John Banks New Zealand National Party 383 Brian Donnelly New Zealand First Kevin Grose New Zealand Labour Party Wigram Jim Anderton Alliance (New Zealand political party) 10,039 Angus McKay New Zealand National Party Mick Ozimek New Zealand Labour Party |- |colspan=10 style="background-color:#FFDEAD" | Māori electorates |- Te Puku O Te Whenua Rana Waitai New Zealand First 2,386 Rino Tirikatene New Zealand Labour Party David Rewi James Alliance (New Zealand political party) Te Tai Hauauru Tuku Morgan New Zealand First 4,961 Nanaia Mahuta New Zealand Labour Party Te Pare Joseph Alliance (New Zealand political party) Te Tai Rawhiti Tuariki Delamere New Zealand First 4,215 Peter Tapsell New Zealand Labour Party Tame Iti Mana Māori Movement Te Tai Tokerau Tau Henare New Zealand First 8,418 Joe Hawke New Zealand Labour Party Peter Campbell Alliance (New Zealand political party) Te Tai Tonga Tu Wyllie New Zealand First 285 Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan New Zealand Labour Party Hone Kaiwai Alliance (New Zealand political party) |} List results Party lists in the 1996 New Zealand general election thumb|left|596px|Highest polling party in each electorate. NationalDon McKinnonPaul East2Doug GrahamGeorgina te HeuheuKatherine O'ReganSimon UptonJoy McLauchlanRoger SowryJim Gerard2Arthur AnaeEric RoyPeter GreshamRoger MaxwellPansy WongUnsuccessful: Annabel Young1, Alec Neill1, Wayne Taitoko, David Major, Margie Stevens, Lindsay Tisch, Phil Raffills, Karyn Bisdee, Mark Thomas, Shane Frith, Margaret Moir, Paul Hutchison, Angus McKay, Stuart Boag, Rihari Dick Dargaville, Peta Butt, Wayne Kimber, Graeme Reeves, Sue McKenzie, George Mathew, Cliff Bedwell, Ken Yee, Kathryn WardLabourDover SamuelsLianne DalzielMark GoscheJonathan HuntNanaia MahutaJill White2Marian HobbsJoe HawkeDianne YatesRuth DysonTariana TuriaUnsuccessful: Helen Duncan1, John Blincoe, Martin Gallagher, Verna Smith, Matiu Dickson, Suzanne Sinclair, Richard Northey, Sue Moroney, Lesley Soper, Amanda Coulston, Lynette Stutz, Nellie Clay, Fa'amatuainu Tui, Bronwyn Maxwell, Geoff Stone, Bruce Raitt, Leo Mangos, Ishwar Ganda, Lorraine Wilson, Valerie Taylor, Norah Walker, Rosemary Michie, Ann Hartley, Trudi Sunitsch, Tamati Kruger, Geoff Rowling, John Forman, Jeanne Macaskill, David Munro, Gary Williams, Graham Elliot, Ben Cheah, Nathan Saminathan, Sunia Raitava, Hori Awa, Henry De ThierryNew Zealand FirstAnn BattenPeter McCardleJenny BloxhamBrian DonnellyJack ElderDoug WoolertonDeborah Morris2Ron MarkNeil KirtonPeter BrownRobyn McDonaldUnsuccessful: Gilbert Myles1, Ian Peters, Graham Harding, Claire Bulman, Jason Keiller, Clive Mortensen, Bernard Downey, Nicci Bergman, Neil Benson, Ross Gluer, Janie Phillips, Terry Heffernan, Helen Broughton, Tom Harrison, John Forbes, Colleen Page, Robin Ord, David Gill, George Groombridge, Robert Whooley, Trevor Jans, Patra de Coudray, Lem Pearse, Keri Kingi, Stuart Spencer, Richard Whittaker, Charles Sturt, Ron Chamberlain, Gavin Logan, Gordon Preston, Henry Slaats, Owen Horton, Duncan Matthews, Roger Mail, Dawn Mullins, Alan Wise, Peter Woolston, Stan Perkins, Jack Tamihana, Noeline McGlynn, Ngaire Clark, Clem Huriwaka, Thomas Moana, Marlene Kennedy, John RiddellAllianceSandra LeeJeanette FitzsimonsJohn WrightFrank GroverPam CorkeryMatt RobsonLaila HarréPhillida BunkleRod DonaldGrant GillonAlamein KopuLiz GordonUnsuccessful: Dave MacPherson, Hone Kaiwai, Mike Smith, Leah McBey, Heather-Ann McConnachy, Hamish MacIntyre, Willie Jackson, Tafa Mulitalo, Keith Ridings, Joel Cayford, Keith Locke, Jan Davey, Bill Hamilton, Caroline Lampp, Gerard Hehir, Trevor Barnard, Danna Glendining, Jim Flynn, Rex Verity, Vernon Tile, Marie Venning, Peter Campbell, John Kilbride, Mary Tierney, Liz Thomas, Ashok Parbhu, Sue Gaffy, Harry Alchin-Smith, Rosalie Steward, Sheryl Cadman, Celia Wade-Brown, Norman Wood, Moira Lawler, Mike Ward, Kevin Campbell, Richard Davies, Gary Barham, Christine Dann, Ian Ewen-Street, Robin Gwynn, Rewi James, Brendan Tracey, Bruce Stirling, John Pemberton, Te Pare Joseph, Graham Smith, Len Richards, Tracey Hicks, Mark Robertson, Brian Morris, Huia Mitchell, Francis PetcheyACTDerek QuigleyKen ShirleyDonna Awatere HuataPatricia SchnauerOwen JenningsRodney HideMuriel NewmanUnsuccessful: Anne Dill, John Ormond, Christopher Milne, Vincent Ashworth, Marilyn Thomas, Michael Steeneveld, Nigel Mattison, Peter Snow, Valerie Wilde, Merania Karauria, Jean Hill, Marlene Lamb, Owen Dance, Katharine Sillars, Heather Mackay, Kevin Rose, John Boscawen, Matthew Ball, Garry Mallett, Angus Ogilvie, Roland Henderson, Kieran Bird, Simon Harding, Tony Huston, Thomas Howard, Robin Clulee, Peggy Luke-Ngaheke, Barry Rushton, Dean Richardson, John Latimer, John Lithgow, John Thompson, Adrian Dixon, Derek Daniell, Stephen Gore, Neil Wilson, Graeme Williams, Kevin Mathewson, Stephen Wrathall, Ian McGimpsey, Louis Crimp, Barrie Barnes, Jeffrey Buchanan, Peter King-Talbot, Brian Dent, Stephen Depiazzi, Victor Bailey, Reginald TurnerChristian CoalitionUnsuccessful: Graeme Lee, Graham Capill, Annetta Moran, Ewen McQueen, John Jamieson, Grant Bradfield, Peter Yarrell, Julie Belding, Ian Tulloch, Mike Lloyd, Gael Donoghue, Geoff Hounsell, Murray Smith, Robin Corner, Rosemarie Thomas, Grant Bowater, Kevin Harper, Nick Barber, John Allen, Vic Jarvis, Alan Marshall, Rosemary Francis, Lindsay Bain, Helma Vermeulen, John Lawrence, Barrie Paterson, Selwyn Stevens, Wayne Chapman, Judith Phillips, Dennis Knox, Braden Matson, Geoff Francis, Kevin Honore, Maahi Tukapua, Neville Chamberlain, Renton Maclauchlan, Eleanor Goodall, Geoff Winter, Lindsay Priest, Barry Pepperell, Enosa Auva'aLegalise CannabisUnsuccessful: Michael Appleby, Michael Finlayson, Donald McIntosh, Metiria Turei, Nándor Tánczos, Martin McCully, Gregory Cobb, Tim Shadbolt, Christopher Fowlie, Elsie Barnes, Richard Austin, Richard Arachnid, Vayna Tickle, Damian Joyce, Timothy Marshall, Joel Robinson, Honty Whaanga, Sarah Ahern, Robert UeberfeldtUnitedUnsuccessful: Clive Matthewson, Margaret Austin, John Robertson, Pauline Gardiner, Peter Hilt, Diane Colson, Ted Faleauto, Malcolm Hood, Ramparkash Samujh, Timothy Macindoe, Gail McIntosh, Frank Owen, Steven Bright, John Howie, Jacinta Grice, Keven Fleury, Graham Butterworth, Graeme Brown, Bryan Mockridge, Francis Ifopo, Jack Austin, Stuart Jordan, Derek Round, Neil Jury, John Hubscher, Brigitte Hicks-Willer, Michael Hilt, Gray PhillipsMcGillicuddy SeriousUnsuccessful: Mark Servian, Penni Bousfield, Paull Cooke, K T Julian, Robyn West, Steve Richards, Val Smith, Bernard Smith, Paul Smith, Greg Smith, Gavin Smith, Wendy Howard, Justine Francis, Doug Mackie, Grant Knowles, Marc de Boer, Swami Anand Hasyo, Peter Caldwell, Tim Owens, Adrian Holroyd, Johnny Wharton, Craig Beere, Paul Beere, William Beere, Mike Legge, Adrienne Carthew, Ross Gardner, Graeme Minchin, Grant Prankered, Derek Craig, Alastair McGlinchy, Vanessa Carnevale, Rodney Hansen, Brent T Soper, Dave Dick, Alastair Ramsden, Judy van den Yssel-Richards, Barry Bryant, Beth Holland, Rory Cathcart, Richard Griffiths, Kerry Hoole, Heidi Borchardt, Peter Clark, Nick Harper, Carly Taylor, Dale Magnus Taylor, Anthony Hobbs, Cassandra Church, Julia Johnson, Jono Baddiley, Johana Sanders, Brett Robinson, Geoff Burnett, Leanne Ireland, Tim Foster, Gary Young, Karen Nicholas, Layton, Anna Murray, Phil Clayton, Mark Baxter, Toni-Ann Alsop, David Sutcliffe, Graeme CairnsProgressive GreensUnsuccessful: Rob Fenwick, Gary Taylor, Alison Davis, Mark Bellingham, Laurence Boomert, Rodger Spiller, Gwenny Davis, Eithne Hanley, Peter Lee, Guy Salmon, David Green, Matthew Horrocks, Chris Marshall, Bob McKegg, Kevin PrimeMana MaoriUnsuccessful: Angeline Greensill, Tame Iti, Moana Sinclair, Hone Harawira, Mereana Pitman, David Gilgin, Jackie Amohanga, Ken Mair, Joyce Te Hemara Maipi, Oneroa Pihema, Te Anau Tuiono, Waiariki Grace, Jim Perry, Diane Prince, Kelly Pene, Rachael Raimona, Mere Grant, Jack John SmithAnimals FirstUnsuccessful: Rosemary Cumming, Susan Walker, Terri Walsh, Virginia Woolf, Adrienne Hall, Peter Crosse, Alistair McKellowNatural LawUnsuccessful: Bryan Lee, David Lovell-Smith, John Hodgson, John Cleary, Mere Austin, Penelope Donovan, Gail Pianta, Mark Watts, Guy Hatchard, Tony Martin, Warwick Jones, Graeme Kettle, Judy Boock, Daniel Meares, Richard Moreham, lan Gaustad, Mimousse Hodgson, Bruce Brown, Mary-Anne McGregor, Graeme Lodge, Mike Barthelmeh, Kevin O'Brien, Inga Schader, Lynne Patterson, Kay Morgan, Tom Hopwood, Martyn Ouseley, Andrew Sanderson, Bruce Sowry, Sean O'Connor, Raymond Cain, Ian Levingston, Greg Dodds, Carolyn Drake, Raylene Lodge, Angela Wood, Grant Bilyard, Frank Gwynne, Michelle McGregor, Helen Treadwell, Mark Rayner, Selwyn Austin, Kevin Harvey, Ken Thomas, Mike Dunn, John Blatchford, Belinda Hills, Tim Irwin, Wayne Shepherd, Faye McLaren, Royal Van der Werf, Martin Davy, Jan Flynn, Gilbert Urquhart, Ian Smillie, Andrew Davy, Leigh Bush, Anne Brigid, Joanna Greig, Angela Slade, Jacque Hughes, Lew Cormack, Les McGrath, Rhonda Comins, Lynne LeeEthnic MinorityUnsuccessful: Robert Hum, Vinod Kumar Sharma, Glen A van der Boon-Brayshaw, Pathic Vyas, Marcial R Eleazar, Tin Yau Chan, Seth M Dalgleish, Christine Wong, Navinbhai Parbhubhai Patel, Rajiv Sood, Lindsay HarrisGreen SocietyUnsuccessful: Simon Reeves, Peter Whitmore, Merete Molving, Hans Grueber, Sam Cunningham, Vic Albion, Bryan Pippen, Colin Amery, Stephanie Urlich, Bradley Heising, Jacqueline TongConservativesUnsuccessful: Trevor Rogers, Margaret McHugh, Eric Werder, Dennis Quirke, Bob Vine, David Gettins, Simone Graham, David Lean, Steve Howard, Hohn Bracey, John Tinsley, Bill Perry, Carmel Crowe, Bruce Herbert, Merv Jull, Craig Lewis, Tom Maunder, Jim Howard, Arthur French, Jerry HohneckSuperannuitants and YouthUnsuccessful: John Cronin, Trevor Gilligan, Jack Powell, Leslie Stroud, Karen Kirk, Peter Little, Bernon Bryne, Kathleen Collinge, Douglas Milne, Donald Chapman, Cyril Murphy, Kenneth CrafarAdvance New ZealandUnsuccessful: England So'onalole, James Prescott, Taimalelagi Tofilau, Afamasaga Rasmussen, Eric Chuah, Hinemoa Herewini, Fauila Tatu Williams, Manu Prescott, Ben Taufua, Dawn NgatureLibertarianzUnsuccessful: Lindsay Perigo, Deborah Coddington, Ian Fraser, Peter Cresswell, Peter Eichmann, Keith Patterson, John Calvert, Simon Fraser, Nikolas Haden, Jessica Weddell, Glen Jameson, Paul Rousell, William Trolove, Scott Barnett, Robert White, Andrew Ayling, Anna Woolf, Paul Hendry, Don Rowberry, Derek McGovern, Barbara Jury, Philip Petch, Theo Van Oostrom, Jackie Van OostromAsia Pacific UnitedUnsuccessful: Mano'o Mulitalo, Rama Ramanathan, Peti Satiu, Arbutus Mitikulena, Fu Bihua, Tuli Wong-Kee, Angela Tuu, Mailo Pesamino, Pulumulo SasaTe TawharauUnsuccessful: William Coates, Koro Wikeepa, Hawea Vercoe, John Maihi, Steven Te Kani, Rangitukehu Paora Notes These party list members later entered parliament in the term as other list MPs elected resigned from parliament. These party list members later resigned during the parliamentary term. Summary of seat changes Seats captured: By National: Hamilton East, Hamilton West and Nelson were captured from Labour. North Shore was captured from United. By Labour: Auckland Central was captured from the Alliance. Seats transferred from departing MPs to new MPs: The seats of Albany, Otago, Rotorua and Waitakere, all held by departing National MPs, were won by new National candidates. One departing MP retired, one was re-elected in a different electorate, and two became list MPs. The seats of Christchurch Central, Mangere and New Lynn, all held by departing Labour MPs, were won by new Labour candidates. One departing MP retired and two became list MPs. Further reading Voters' Victory? New Zealand's First Election under Proportional Representation Jack Vowles Peter Aimer Susan Banducci Susan Banducci Jeffrey 3 Karp 1998 Auckland University Press 1-86940-180-8 Armstrong David True Colours: On the road to NZ's first MMP government 1997 David Bateman Auckland NZ Notes References Electoral Atlas of New Zealand McRobie Alan 1989 GP Books Wellington 0-477-01384-8 External links 1996 General Election - Official Results and Statistics, Chief Electoral Office, New Zealand Ministry of Justice. Category:October 1996 in Oceania