1850 United States census

Seventh US census March 2019 May 2024 1850 United States census 1850 census Lincoln.gif Filled-out census-taker's form from 1850 U.S. census, including household of Abraham Lincoln United States 1850 06 01 23,191,876 35.9% state New York3,097,394 Florida87,445 Census Office 1840 United States census 1840 1860 United States census 1860 The 1850 United States census was the seventh decennial United States Census Conducted by the Census Office, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876—an increase of 35.9 percent over the 17,069,453 persons enumerated during the 1840 census. The total population included 3,204,313 enslaved people. Although the official date of the census date was June 1, 1850,https://www.census.gov/history/www/faqs/demographic_faqs/what_day_was_the_census_taken_each_decade.html What day was the census taken each decade? U.S. Census Bureau May 16, 2019 June 7, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190607024704/https://www.census.gov/history/www/faqs/demographic_faqs/what_day_was_the_census_taken_each_decade.html live completed census forms indicate that the surveys continued to be made throughout the rest of the year.https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-67Z9-FFN?i=126&wc=95RF-2NG%3A1031350501%2C1031304802%2C1031436301&cc=1401638 United States Census 1850, Maryland, Washington county Film Viewer – Image 127 of 529 familysearch.org May 16, 2019https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-DC6Q-LZ6?i=249&wc=95R8-S5X%3A1031307201%2C1031403701%2C1031403702&cc=1401638 United States Census, 1850, Tennessee, Bedford county Film Viewer – Image 250 of 389 familysearch.org May 16, 2019 This was the first census where there was an attempt to collect information about every member of every household and not only the head of the household. Slaves were included by gender and estimated age on Slave Schedules, listed by the name of the owner. Prior to 1850, census records had recorded only the name of the head of the household and broad statistical accounting of other household members (three children under age five, one woman between the age of 35 and 40, etc.). This was also the first census to ask about place of birth of free residents. Hinton Rowan Helper made extensive use of the 1850 census results in his influential anti-slavery book The Impending Crisis of the South (1857). This was the first census in which the US recorded a greater population than the United Kingdom (a year later) which it broke off from 65 years prior. Census questions The 1850 census, Schedule 1, Free Inhabitants, collected the following information:http://purl.org/net/nysl/nysdocs/9643270 Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925 44 (p. 50 of PDF) October 1981 New York State Library December 3, 2008 January 30, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090130004637/http://purl.org/net/nysl/nysdocs/9643270 live name age sex color (white, black or mulatto) for each person whether deaf and dumb, blind, psychologically ill or idiotic value of real estate owned (required of all free persons) profession, occupation or trade of each male over 15 years of age place (state, territory or country) of birth whether married within the year whether attended school within the year whether unable to read and write (for people over 20) whether a pauper or convict Full documentation for the 1850 population census, including census forms and enumerator instructions, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Economy The 1850 United States census collected a great amount of data that gave insight into the state of the U.S. economy in 1850. Some of the data revealed the growth of the economy with regard to agricultural and manufactured production, international trade, federal debt, taxation, transportation, education, and land expansion. Agricultural Production This census calculated the total land by state (in square miles), the total production of major goods and livestock per state (in respective units), the total value of each good produced, the total number of plantations per state, and various other statistics. The total agricultural production between in 1850 was calculated at about 1.3 billion dollars. Manufactured Production This census included the total manufactured production (in dollars), the total amount of capital invested, the total value of wages paid, the percent of profit (by state and total), the profit by state of major industries (cotton, wool, various iron work, breweries, fishing, salt), and other less significant statistics. Total manufactured production was valued at just over one billion dollars. This is a great increase over the totals estimated in 1820 and 1840. Also, in total, the manufacturing industry recorded an overall profit of 43%. International Trade The 1850 census contains the total value of imports and exports by state, statistics and names of the major imports and exports, the total values of shipping by state, and the value of imports and exports with various individual countries. The United States traded most with the United Kingdom. The imports and exports with the United Kingdom were both valued around 145 million dollars. Federal Debt This census contains yearly federal debt totals, total federal revenues, and total expenditures from 1790 to 1853. The total debt of the United States on July 1, 1854, was roughly 47.2 million dollars. Taxation The census contains some calculation of total annual federal taxes, but it is incomplete. It does however, give state taxation totals. Transportation and Communication This census calculates the total cost, size, and quantity of railroads and canals. The funded debt for railroads and canals in 1853 was 130 million. Their gross earnings were more than 38 million dollars. This census also contains estimates for growth in mileage of telegraphic lines in the United States. In 1853 the country contains 89 telegraph lines that stretched 23,261 mi km. When published in 1854, the country had an estimated 30,000 mi km of telegraphic lines, a drastic increase. Education This census displays the advances of the United States in education and literacy by documenting the number of libraries, the number of schools (public, private, and colleges), state literacy rates, the total newspaper production and consumption, the educational levels of differing races, the total value of tuition costs, the amount of federal land given for education, and other various statistics. Land Expansion The 1850 census shows the great amount of territorial expansion that took place in the United States, following the Admission of Texas, the Oregon Treaty, and the Treaty with Mexico following the war in 1848. These three pieces of territory totaled an addition of more than a million square miles to the nation. In 1850, the United States contained 31 states and 4 organized territories (Minnesota, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah). Significance The 1850 United States census can be seen as a historical document that gives insight into the state of the nation's economy in 1850. It is much more detailed and provides more information than the 1840 census. This census was conducted during a very important period of growth and innovation in the United States, the Industrial Revolution. The statistics in this census provide data on the rate of growth that was taking place in 1850, which resulted in the emergence of the United States as an economic world power. Many of the statistics were compared to those of Great Britain and other world powers. This shows where the United States stood economically relative to the rest of the world. Data availability Microdata from the 1850 population census are freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System. State rankings Rank State Population 01 New York 3,097,394 02 Pennsylvania 2,311,786 03 Ohio 1,980,329 04 Virginia Includes population in future state of West Virginia. 1,421,661 05 Tennessee 1,002,717 06 Massachusetts 994,514 07 Indiana 988,416 08 Kentucky 982,405 09 Georgia 906,185 10 North Carolina 869,039 11 Illinois 851,470 12 Alabama 771,623 13 Missouri 682,044 14 South Carolina 668,507 15 Mississippi 606,526 16 Maine 583,169 17 Maryland 583,034 18 Louisiana 517,762 19 New Jersey 489,555 20 Michigan 397,654 21 Connecticut 370,792 22 New Hampshire 317,976 23 Vermont 314,120 24 Wisconsin 305,391 X West Virginia Until 1863, the state of West Virginia was part of Virginia; the data for each state reflect the present-day boundaries. 302,313 25 Texas 212,592 26 Arkansas 209,897 27 Iowa 192,214 28 Rhode Island 147,545 29 California 92,597 30 Delaware 91,532 31 Florida 87,445 X New Mexico 61,547 X District of Columbia The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the Residence Act of 1790. 51,687 X Oregon 12,093 X Utah 11,380 X Minnesota 6,077 X Washington 1,201 City rankings Rank City State PopulationPopulation of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 1998 https://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html U.S. Census Bureau December 5, 2017 October 5, 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181005195810/http://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/1998/demo/POP-twps0027.html live Region (2016)https://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html Regions and Divisions U.S. Census Bureau September 9, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161203020637/http://www.census.gov/econ/census/help/geography/regions_and_divisions.html December 3, 2016 dead 01 New York New York 515,547 Northeast 02 Baltimore Maryland 169,054 South 03 Boston Massachusetts 136,881 Northeast 04 Philadelphia Pennsylvania 121,376 Northeast 05 New Orleans Louisiana 116,375 South 06 Cincinnati Ohio 115,435 Midwest 07 Brooklyn New York 96,838 Northeast 08 St. Louis Missouri 77,860 Midwest 09 Spring Garden Pennsylvania 58,894 Northeast 10 Albany New York 50,763 Northeast 11 Northern Liberties Pennsylvania 47,223 Northeast 12 Kensington Pennsylvania 46,774 Northeast 13 Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 46,601 Northeast 14 Louisville Kentucky 43,194 South 15 Charleston South Carolina 42,985 South 16 Buffalo New York 42,261 Northeast 17 Providence Rhode Island 41,513 Northeast 18 Washington District of Columbia 40,001 South 19 Newark New Jersey 38,894 Northeast 20 Southwark Pennsylvania 38,799 Northeast 21 Rochester New York 36,403 Northeast 22 Lowell Massachusetts 33,383 Northeast 23 Williamsburgh New York 30,780 Northeast 24 Chicago Illinois 29,963 Midwest 25 Troy New York 28,785 Northeast 26 Richmond Virginia 27,570 South 27 Moyamensing Pennsylvania 26,979 Northeast 28 Syracuse New York 22,271 Northeast 29 Allegheny Pennsylvania 21,262 Northeast 30 Detroit Michigan 21,019 Midwest 31 Portland Maine 20,815 Northeast 32 Mobile Alabama 20,515 South 33 New Haven Connecticut 20,345 Northeast 34 Salem Massachusetts 20,264 Northeast 35 Milwaukee Wisconsin 20,061 Midwest 36 Roxbury Massachusetts 18,364 Northeast 37 Columbus Ohio 17,882 Midwest 38 Utica New York 17,565 Northeast 39 Charlestown Massachusetts 17,216 Northeast 40 Worcester Massachusetts 17,049 Northeast 41 Cleveland Ohio 17,034 Midwest 42 New Bedford Massachusetts 16,443 Northeast 43 Reading Pennsylvania 15,743 Northeast 44 Savannah Georgia 15,312 South 45 Cambridge Massachusetts 15,215 Northeast 46 Bangor Maine 14,432 Northeast 47 Norfolk Virginia 14,326 South 48 Lynn Massachusetts 14,257 Northeast 49 Lafayette Louisiana 14,190 South 50 Petersburg Virginia 14,010 South 51 Wilmington Delaware 13,979 South 52 Poughkeepsie New York 13,944 Northeast 53 Manchester New Hampshire 13,932 Northeast 54 Hartford Connecticut 13,555 Northeast 55 Lancaster Pennsylvania 12,369 Northeast 56 Lockport New York 12,323 Northeast 57 Oswego New York 12,205 Northeast 58 Springfield Massachusetts 11,766 Northeast 59 Fall River Massachusetts 11,524 Northeast 60 Smithfield Rhode Island 11,500 Northeast 61 Wheeling VirginiaIs located in present day West Virginia 11,435 South 62 Newburgh New York 11,415 Northeast 63 Paterson New Jersey 11,334 Northeast 64 Dayton Ohio 10,977 Midwest 65 Taunton Massachusetts 10,441 Northeast 66 Norwich Connecticut 10,265 Northeast 67 Kingston New York 10,232 Northeast 68 Nashville Tennessee 10,165 South 69 New Brunswick New Jersey 10,019 Northeast 70 Portsmouth New Hampshire 9,738 Northeast 71 Newburyport Massachusetts 9,572 Northeast 72 Newport Rhode Island 9,563 Northeast 73 Auburn New York 9,548 Northeast 74 Camden New Jersey 9,479 Northeast 75 Augusta Georgia 9,448 South 76 Covington Kentucky 9,408 South 77 Fishkill New York 9,240 Northeast 78 New London Connecticut 8,991 Northeast 79 Penn Pennsylvania 8,939 Northeast 80 Schenectady New York 8,921 Northeast 81 Memphis Tennessee 8,841 South 82 Hempstead New York 8,811 Northeast 83 Alexandria Virginia 8,734 South 83 Chenango New York 8,734 Northeast 85 Montgomery Alabama 8,728 South 86 Portsmouth Virginia 8,626 South 87 Brookhaven New York 8,595 Northeast 88 Concord New Hampshire 8,576 Northeast 89 Seneca New York 8,505 Northeast 90 Nantucket Massachusetts 8,452 Northeast 91 Georgetown District of Columbia 8,366 South 92 Chicopee Massachusetts 8,291 Northeast 93 Lawrence Massachusetts 8,282 Northeast 94 Augusta Maine 8,225 Northeast 95 Dover New Hampshire 8,196 Northeast 96 New Albany Indiana 8,181 Midwest 97 Elmira New York 8,166 Northeast 98 Lexington Kentucky 8,159 South 99 Danvers Massachusetts 8,109 Northeast 100 Indianapolis Indiana 8,091 Midwest Controversy The Utah Territorial census was taken in 1851. Secretary Broughton Harris refused to certify the census of Utah Territory. Harris complained that Brigham Young had conducted the census without him, claimed several irregularities, and consequently withheld funds reserved for the census.Mormonism: A Historical Encyclopedia https://books.google.com/books?id=qLji9wwnaoUC&pg=PA26 26 W. Paul Reeve Ardis E. Parshall W. Paul Reeve Ardis E. Parshall 978-1-59884-107-7 2010 The controversy contributed to Harris' decision to join other Runaway Officials of 1851 and abandon his post in Utah Territory. Relationships with the federal government continued to sour and eventually resulted in the Utah War. Local government officials feared having an enslaved population might impede the territory's quest for statehood, since certain members of Congress were concerned about expansion of slavery into the western territories.A Peculiar Place for the Peculiar Institution: Slavery and Sovereignty in Early Territorial Utah Nathaniel R. Ricks MA thesis Brigham Young University http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2006&context=etd 1877/etd1909 2007 October 2, 2016 September 21, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161002075504/http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2006&context=etd live The 1850 census slave schedule for Utah Territory reported only 26 slaves, with a note that all of them were heading to California, and did not include any enslaved people remaining in the territory.The Peoples of Utah Blacks in Utah History: An Unknown Legacy Ronald G. Coleman Helen Z. Papanikolas 1976 Utah State Historical Society Salt Lake City 115–140 https://historytogo.utah.gov/blacks-utah-history/ 978-0-913738-26-9 February 9, 2023 April 5, 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230209185808/https://historytogo.utah.gov/blacks-utah-history/ live John David Smith estimates that there were 100 blacks in Utah by 1850, with two-thirds of them enslaved.https://books.google.com/books?id=idktzKdgb7YC&pg=PA506 Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery Randall M. Miller John David Smith Greenwood Publishing 1997 506 978-0-275-95799-5 See also Joseph C. G. Kennedy – Supervisor of the 1850 and 1860 census References External links Statistical View of the United States... (report on the seventh census, with tables) Library of Congress research guide for 1850 census - links to primary documents Census United States, 1850 Category:United States census United States