1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake

Offshore earthquake west of Ecuador and Colombia in January 1906 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake 1906-01-31 15:36:10 official19060131153610_30 16957884 January 31, 1906 10:36:10 Colombia#Ecuador 1 0.955 -79.369 Bullseye1.png 40 top Esmeraldas 1.05 -79.2 10 right 250 center 8.8 Mw Megathrust 20 km mi 0 on 0.955 -79.369 inline,title Ecuador, Colombia 5 m on ~1,000 9Significant Earthquake Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2748 ngdc.noaa.gov NCEI 3 July 2021 USGS ShakeMap Colombia Ecuador Earthquake 1906.jpg USGS ShakeMap The 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake occurred at 10:36:10 (UTC+5) on Wednesday, January 31, 1906, off the coast of Ecuador, near Esmeraldas. The earthquake had a moment magnitude of 8.8 and triggered a destructive tsunami that caused at least 500 casualties on the coast of Colombia. Tectonic setting The 1906 earthquake occurred along the tectonic boundary between the Malpelo plate—previously regarded as the northeastern segment of the Nazca plate—and the North Andes plate. It is believed that the event was the result of thrust faulting associated with the subduction of the Coiba, Malpelo, and Nazca plates beneath the North Andes and South American plates. This region, particularly the coastal areas of Ecuador and Colombia, has a documented history of significant megathrust earthquakes originating from the Malpelo–North Andes plate boundary. Damage The most severe damage resulting from the tsunami occurred along the coastal region between Río Verde in Ecuador and Micay in Colombia. Estimates of the number of fatalities attributed to the tsunami vary, ranging from approximately 500 to as many as 1,500.http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=2748&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display https://web.archive.org/web/20170901064428/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=2748&t=101650&s=18&d=99,91,95,93&nd=display dead September 1, 2017 Comments for the Ecuador-Colombia tsunami NGDC 7 March 2010 Characteristics Earthquake The rupture zone associated with the 1906 earthquake extended approximately 500 to 600 kilometers and encompassed the rupture areas of three subsequent significant earthquakes: the 1942, 1958, and 1979 events. The absence of overlap among these later ruptures suggests the existence of minor structural or mechanical barriers to rupture propagation along the plate boundary.Kanamori H. Hiroo Kanamori K.C. McNally Karen Cook McNally 1982 Variable rupture model of the subduction zone along the Ecuador-Colombia coast Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Seismological Society of America 72 4 1241–1253 ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2007-fall/KanamoriMcNally1982-Ecuador.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20160310140651/ftp://ftp.gps.caltech.edu/pub/avouac/Ge277-2007-fall/KanamoriMcNally1982-Ecuador.pdf 2016-03-10 dead 26 August 2012Mendoza C. Dewey J.W. 1984 Seismicity associated with the great Colombia-Ecuador earthquakes of 1942, 1958, and 1979: Implications for barrier models of earthquake rupture Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 74 2 577–593 http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/74/2/577 2010-03-07 While these three events collectively ruptured a similar portion of the boundary, they released only a small fraction of the seismic energy discharged during the 1906 event. Tsunami The tsunami generated by the 1906 earthquake produced a maximum recorded run-up height of 5 meters in Tumaco, Colombia. In Hilo, Hawaii, the run-up height reached 1.8 meters. The tsunami's effects were also observed in several distant locations, including Costa Rica, Panama, Mexico, California, and Japan. Future seismic hazard Given that the sequence of three earthquakes concluding in 1979 released significantly less energy than the 1906 event, researchers initially proposed the likelihood of another earthquake of comparable magnitude occurring in the near future. However, subsequent analyses of the slip associated with the 1942, 1958, and 1979 events indicate that these earthquakes collectively released the majority of the tectonic displacement that had accumulated along the plate boundary since 1906.White S.M.M. Trenkamp R. & Kellogg J.N. 2003 Recent crustal deformation and the earthquake cycle along the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone Earth and Planetary Science Letters 216 3 231–242 http://web2.geol.sc.edu/agl/userfiles/file/White%20et%20al%20EPSL.pdf 2010-03-07 2003E&PSL.216..231W 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00535-1 https://web.archive.org/web/20110720041957/http://web2.geol.sc.edu/agl/userfiles/file/White%20et%20al%20EPSL.pdf 2011-07-20 dead On April 16, 2016, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred within the same region. See also List of earthquakes in 1906 List of earthquakes in Colombia List of earthquakes in Ecuador References PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ https://web.archive.org/web/20200313112456/ftp://hazards.cr.usgs.gov/web/data/pager/catalogs/ dead 2020-03-13 September 4, 2009 United States Geological Survey Version 2008_06.1 External links 16957884 expanded Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Ecuador Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Colombia Category:1906 earthquakes Category:1906 in Ecuador Category:1906 in Colombia Category:1900s tsunamis Category:January 1906 in South America Category:Tsunamis in Colombia Category:Tsunamis in Ecuador