1920 Manitoba general election

Canadian election August 2024 1920 Manitoba general election Manitoba 1870 parliamentary 1915 Manitoba general election 1915 elected members 1922 Manitoba general election 16th Manitoba Legislature 1922 June 29, 1920 55 seats of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba 28 Tobias Crawford Norris.jpg x150px MB Liberal nohash Tobias Norris 1910 MB Liberal name Lansdowne 40 21 19 35.1% 20.0pp MB Farmer nohash Farmer pre-creation 14 14 14.1% 14.1pp MB Social Democratic nohash Fred Dixon 1920 Labour Winnipeg pre-creation 11 11 20.5% 20.5pp MB PC nohash Richard G. Willis 1919 Conservative Ran in Turtle Mountain (lost) 5 8 3 18.5% 14.5pp Premier Premier after election Tobias Norris MB Liberal name Tobias Norris MB Liberal name The 1920 Manitoba general election was held on June 29, 1920 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. This was the first election since the Winnipeg General Strike, which had violently divided the people of Winnipeg, Manitoba's capital and largest city, into two camps. Partly to soften this polarization, a form of proportional representation was adopted in Winnipeg, and the 1920 Manitoba election was the first North American government election above the city level to use proportional representation. This was the first election where single transferable voting was used to elect Winnipeg MLAs, now ten in number."Events in Manitoba History: Proportional Voting (1920-1957)" https://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/events/proportionalvoting.shtml accessed August 19, 2025Evidence given by Ronald Hooper to the 1936 House of Commons Committees, 18th Parliament, 1st Session : Special Committee on Franchise and Elections Acts, vol. 1. page 102 https://parl.canadiana.ca/view/oop.com_HOC_1801_2_1/146 accessed August 18, 2025 It was also the first Manitoba provincial election to allow women, excepting Treaty Indians, to vote and to run as candidates. Edith Rogers, a Metis, was elected in Winnipeg, becoming the first woman elected to the Manitoba Legislature. The election produced a minority government, with no group holding a majority of seats in the legislature. Norris's Liberals had more seats than any other party, 21 seats out of 55, so were given power. The government survived only two years. Background Between the previous 1915 election and the 1920 campaign, Manitoba experienced profound social and cultural change. Since the formal introduction of partisan politics in 1888, Manitoba had been dominated by the Liberal and Conservative parties, which governed the province in succession. After World War I, new political groups and interests emerged to threaten the two-party system. The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 brought labour issues to the forefront of provincial concern and radicalized many working-class Manitobans. In previous elections, labour and socialist parties were a marginal force. Going into the 1920 election, they stood to make significant electoral gains. In the rural constituencies, several candidates ran for office as farmer representatives, or as "people's candidates" opposed to partisan government. Against this backdrop, the governing Liberal Party of Tobias Norris ran a defensive campaign. Supported by the Winnipeg Free Press, the Liberals portrayed themselves as a stabilizing force amid the province's changes. The 1920 election is notable for its use of single transferable voting (STV) in the City of Winnipeg. Previously, the city had been divided into three two-member constituencies, each seat elected in a separate "first past the post" election. Starting in the 1920 election, Winnipeg was covered by a city-wide ten-member constituency, in which each voter had one vote. The method of election was the STV system of proportional representation. In the world, this was the largest number of legislators elected by STV in any district up to that time.Farrell and McAllister, Australian electoral systems, p. 61 Winnipeg would use STV to elect its MLAs until 1958. Winnipeg's change to STV was done in an attempt to calm the political waters, which might have been roiled up even more if majority government was granted to a party that did not have majority support.House of Commons Committees, 18th Parliament, 1st Session : Special Committee on Franchise and Elections Acts, vol. 1, p. 102 https://archive.org/stream/nationalmunicipa37natirich/nationalmunicipa37natirich_djvu.txt Outcome The election resulted in a fragmented parliament, with no group holding majority of seats in the legislature. Norris's Liberals remained the largest party, but were reduced to a minority government with 21 seats out of 55. The party remained in office until 1922, but unwilling or unable to find joint cause with the other factions, it did little in the way of legislative initiatives. Twelve "farmer" and "independent farmer" members were elected in rural constituencies. These candidates were a heterogeneous group and did not run a united campaign. While not a "political party" in the traditional sense, they formed a functional caucus group in the legislature. Some members of this group later joined the political wing of the United Farmers of Manitoba, which took power in the next election. In Winnipeg's ten seats, Liberal candidates took four seats and Conservatives two. Labour made a good showing there as well. Four different working-class and left-wing parties ran candidates in Winnipeg and altogether ran ten candidates, electing four. The Labour Party won an impressive victory in Winnipeg, taking two seats. Party leader Fred Dixon received 1100 votes in the First Count, a lead of more than 7,000 votes ahead of his nearest rival. His vote tally was more than twice the number needed to take a seat (the quota). His surplus were not wasted but under the rules of STV, it was transferred to other candidates. Many went to other DLP candidates, and Ivens then exceeded quota and was declared elected. Leftists were rewarded with four seats of the 10 Winnipeg seats. Elected were Dixon and William Ivens of the Dominion Labour Party, George Armstrong of the Socialist Party of Canada, and John Queen of the Social Democratic Party. SPC's Robert B. Russell narrowly failed to win a second seat for his party. A candidate of the Ex-Soldiers and Ex-Sailors Party of Manitoba also campaigned with the Labour candidates in Winnipeg. When he was eliminated, his votes went mostly to the remaining candidates of the DLP, SPC and SDP. Ivens, Armstrong, Queen and Russell were all serving prison sentences at the time of the election, due to their leadership of the Winnipeg General Strike. Many Winnipegers believed the prison sentences were politically motivated, and the issue was a rallying cry for labour in the campaign. Seven other labour MLAs were elected in the rest of the province, making the Labour group the third largest in the legislature. The Conservative Party managed a minor recovery from its disastrous showing in 1915 and won eight seats under its new leader, Richard G. Willis. Willis himself was not elected. Three independents were also elected to the legislature in rural districts. The first woman was elected to the Legislature in this election. Edith Rogers was also the first Indigenous woman in the Manitoba Legislature. Party results PartyParty leader# ofcandidatesMembers electedPopular vote19151920% change#%% change MB Liberal row Liberal Tobias Norris  40 21-47.5% 35.1%-20% MB Farmer row-name -     12    14.1%   MB NDP row Labour (DLP) Fred Dixon12   9  17.7%  MB Socialist row Socialist Party 4  1  2.8%  MB CCF row Social Democratic (1)11 1-    MB PC row Conservative Richard G. Willis  5 8+60.0% 18.5%-14.5% MB Independent rowIndependents/others (1)  1 3+200% 2.6%   Total  47 55+17.0% 100%  Note: (1) SDP popular vote included in "Independents/others".Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Liberal MB Liberal 35.10 DLP/Soc/SD MB Social Democratic 20.50 Conservative MB PC 18.50 Farmer MB CCF 14.10 Others MB Independent 11.80Seats summary #ddd 600px 410px Liberal MB Liberal 38.18 Farmer MB CCF 21.82 DLP/Soc/SD MB Social Democratic 20.00 Conservative MB PC 14.55 Others MB Independent 5.45 Riding results Arthur: (incumbent)May 2020 John Williams (L) 891 Duncan Lloyd McLeod (C-Farmer) 881 Assiniboia: William Bayley (DLP/Labour) 2054 (incumbent) John W. Wilton (Ind) 1941 Beautiful Plains: George Little (Farmer) accl. Birtle: (incumbent) George Malcolm (L) 995 Sam Larcombe (Farmer) 861 Brandon City: Albert Edward Smith (Brandon Labour Party/Labour) 2007 (incumbent) Stephen Emmett Clement (L) 1403 Brig-Gen. James Kircaldy (C) 1245 Carillon: Maurice Duprey (Farmer) 973 (incumbent) Albert Prefontaine (C) 925 Cypress: William Spinks (C) 1487 (incumbent) Andrew W. Myles (L) 1307 Dauphin: George Palmer (Labour) 1466 (incumbent) William J. Harrington (L) 1044 Deloraine: (incumbent) Robert Stirton Thornton (L) 1503 J.C.W. Reid (C) 1188 Dufferin: (incumbent) Edward August (L) 1478 Alexander Morrison (C) 1401 Emerson: Dmytro Yakimischak (Farmer) 989 Roy Whitman (C) 925 (incumbent) John D. Baskerville (L) 756 Ethelbert: Nicholas Hryhorczuk (Independent Farmer) 1271 Ernest A. Marcroft (Farmer) 684 James Guiszdaski (L) 110 Fairford: Albert Kirvan (L) 241 Gabriel Gilbert Serkan (L) 240 Oliver Calverley (Ind) 236 A.F. Carpenter (Ind) 137 J. Matheson (Ind) 121 Fisher: Henry Mabb (Independent Farmer) 443 J.W. Arsenyth (L) 362 A.J. Gamache (L) 214 Gilbert Plains: (incumbent) William Findlater (L) 735 R.J. Dalglish (Ind) 715 Gimli: Gudmundur Fjelsted (Farmer) 1359 (incumbent) Taras Ferley (L) 1242 Gladstone: (incumbent) James Armstrong (L) 1327 Wesley Lobb (Farmer) 1147 Glenwood: William Robson (Independent Farmer) 1149 (incumbent) James Breakey (L) 1145 Hamiota: (incumbent) John Henry McConnell (L) 1109 William Ferguson (C) 762 Iberville: (incumbent) Arthur Boivin (Ind) accl. Kildonan & St. Andrews: Charles Tanner (DLP/Labour) 1184 David Morrison (L) 876 T. McConnell (Farmer) 852 Killarney: Samuel Fletcher (Farmer) 1072 (incumbent) Samuel M. Hayden (L) 676 Lakeside: (incumbent) Charles Duncan McPherson (L) 1104 Edwin Herbert Muir (C) 1081 Lansdowne: (incumbent) Tobias Norris (L) 1752 Harvey Hicks (C) 914 La Verendrye: (incumbent) Philippe Talbot (Ind) 1023 L.R. Magnum (Farmer) 709 Manitou: John S. Ridley (C) 1185 George Compton (Farmer) 926 (incumbent) George Armstrong (L) 901 Minnedosa: (incumbent) George Grierson (L) 1296 W.T. Bielby (Farmer) 1029 Morden and Rhineland: John Kennedy (C) 814 Howard Winkler (L) 752 Morris: William Clubb (Farmer) 930 Alex Ayotte (Farmer) 765 Frederick J. Last (Ind) 251 Mountain: (incumbent) James Baird (L) 1304 Andrew Young (Farmer) 1178 Norfolk: Reuben Waugh (C) 1090 (incumbent) John Graham (L) 873 John H. Wright (Farmer) 503 Portage la Prairie: Fawcett Taylor (C) 1306 (incumbent) Ewan McPherson (L) 1019 Roblin: Henry Richardson (Farmer) 991 Frederic Newton (C) 887 Rockwood: William McKinnell (Farmer) 978 (incumbent) Arthur Lobb (L) 977 Thomas Scott (C) 638 Rupertsland: (incumbent) John Morrison (L) accl. Russell: (incumbent) William W.W. Wilson (L) 1274 R.J. Brown (Farmer) 642 Albert Lannigan (Ind) 593 St. Boniface: Joseph Bernier (Ind-C) 1434 John Power Howden (L) 942 (incumbent) Joseph Dumas (L) 730 Christopher R. Rice (Ind) 675 Tony Hoornaert (Ind) 404 St. Clements: Matthew Stanbridge (Labour) 977 (incumbent) Donald A. Ross (L-Ind) 850 H. McLennan (Farmer) 445 St. George: Albert Kristjansson (Labour) 901 (incumbent) Skuli Sigfusson (L) 784 Ste. Rose: (incumbent) Joseph Hamelin (C) 878 D.J. Hill (Ind) 745 Z.H. Rheaume (L) 488 Springfield: Arthur Moore (Labour) 987 Isaac Cook (Farmer) 928 E.D.R. Bissett (L) 352 E.H. Dugard (Farmer) 123 Swan River: Robert Emmond (People's Independent Party/Farmer) 1163 (incumbent) William H. Sims (L) 544 The Pas: (incumbent) Edward Brown (L) 560 Allan Norgrove (Labour) 126 Turtle Mountain: (incumbent) George William McDonald (L) 1022 Richard G. Willis (C) 1006 Virden: (incumbent) George Clingan (L) 1313 Reginald Arthur Knight (Farmer) 1022 Winnipeg election results The electoral districts of Winnipeg were combined to form one city-wide multi-member constituency, with its ten MLAs elected via single transferable vote. While the parties that contested the election all filed slates of candidates, or coordinated with allies to field joint slates, the election itself was not conducted by party list. Each voter only cast one vote for a single candidate, but had the option to mark back-up choices by ranking the other candidates. Votes were transferred in cases where it was found that the marked preference had more than enough votes to be elected or was not popular enough to be elected. Nine of the candidates in the top ten spots in the first round of counting were elected in the end. The vote transfers mostly merely confirmed that initial ordering of candidates but in one case they had an effect - they caused the election of SDP candidate John Queen, instead of the initially-more popular Socialist candidate Russell. However, each voter having just one vote meant that no one party could take much more than its due share of seats in the first round, and a wide range of parties were represented among those in winning positions even in the first round of counting. The two main parties each ran a full slate of candidates, an inefficient practice they avoided in later elections. A joint "Labour" ten-name slate was filed by the Dominion Labour Party, the Socialist Party, the Social Democratic Party and the Ex-Soldiers and Ex-Sailors Party of Manitoba. Those thirty party candidates were joined on the ballot by 11 independent candidates. At least five candidates were women (1 Conservative, 1 Liberal, 1 SPC and 2 Independent). The Droop Quota was calculated based on valid votes cast. Any candidate with votes enough to equal or exceed the quota were declared elected, and their surplus votes distributed based on voters' next marked usable preference in a subsequent count. At the start of each count, if there were still seats remaining to be filled but no candidates had been elected to produce surplus votes needing transfer, the candidate with the least votes at that count was eliminated and their votes distributed based on voters' next usable marked preference. The process repeated until all ten seats were filled. The last seats were filled on the 38th round of counting, when the fourth remaining candidate was eliminated, leaving just three left in the running with three seats still to be filled. These last three were declared elected even though they did not have quota. In total, 47,321 valid votes were cast. Accordingly, the Droop quota was 4,312. Two candidates, Labour Fred Dixon, and Liberal minister Thomas Johnson secured the quota (with Dixon getting almost three times the quota) and were declared elected. Dixon's large number of surplus votes were transferred, impacting several candidates' rankings in the second count. Close to half of the surplus votes went to party running-mate William Ivens, which enabled him to leapfrog from fifth place to secure the third seat in the second round of counting. Each subsequent count produced only small changes in ranking, in part due to the vote transfers of eliminated candidates going from less popular candidates to more popular ones. It was not until the thirty-first count the fourth member was declared elected, Conservative John Thomas Haig, followed by Social Democrat John Queen on the thirty-second count. (He had moved up from the 13th spot through vote transfers.) Liberals John Stovel and Duncan Cameron were elected on the thirty third count. The final three members, Socialist George Armstrong, Liberal Edith Rogers, and Conservative William J. Tupper (son of the one time Prime Minister) did not obtain enough votes to match the Droop quota but were declared elected after a 4th remaining candidate was eliminated in the thirty-eighth round of counting, leaving just three candidates in the running for the last three seats. PartyCandidatesElectedElected membersParty tally of first preferencesVotes% Liberal 10 including five incumbents, four of which were defeated 4 Thomas Johnson, John Stovel, Duncan Cameron, Edith Rogers 1442330.64% Dominion LabourJoint slate 42 Fred Dixon, William Ivens1366529.03% Social Democratic 1 1 John Queen 12532.66% Socialist 4 1 George Armstrong479710.19% Ex-Soldier10 4520.96% Conservative 102 John Thomas Haig, William J. Tupper 647513.76%Independents110 636213.52% Nine of the ten elected MLAs were among the top ten vote-getters in the first count. The only exception was John Queen of the Social Democratic Party, who was in thirteenth in the first count, but moved up to sixth place in the second count. Only one of the five women running, Liberal Edith Rogers, was elected, and only at the end, with a partial quota. Effectiveness in reflecting voters wishes Under the STV system used to elect Winnipeg's ten MLAs, 42,040 (89 percent of the 47,427 valid votes cast) were actually used to help elect someone. A total of 30,999 first preferences (65 percent of the 47,427 valid votes) were expressed for those who were declared elected sooner or later. Every party, except the Ex-Soldiers Party (Samuel Cartwright) elected at least one representative, so of the party voters, all but 452 voters (in the first count) saw someone of their preferred party elected. In each case, the most-personally-popular candidate on the party slate was elected. Winnipeg results summary by candidates CandidateIncumbent 18px|link=| re-elected 18px defeatednew Newly electedAffiliation1st countFinalUnder final, Count was the count following which the candidate was either declared elected or eliminated, Votes was the candidate's vote tally at that count before surplus (if elected) or remainder (if eliminated) were redistributed. As some of the final votes were later transferred, the "final" counts together add up to more than votes cast. # indicates the order in which the candidates were declared elected.PartySlateVotes#In column under # was the candidate's ranking at a particular count. rankCountVotes#Frederick John “Fred” Dixon Dominion LabourLabour1158611st11,5861Thomas Herman Johnson Liberal438621st4,3862newWilliam “Bill” Ivens Dominion LabourLabour192852nd5,5443newJohn Thomas Haig Conservative1893631st4,4164newJohn Queen Social DemocraticLabour12531332nd4,3325newJohn Stovel Liberal1743733rd4,6746newDuncan Cameron Liberal2402433rd4,3947newGeorge Armstrong Socialist Labour2767338th4,2828newEdith Frances MacTavish Rogers 15px Liberal1541838th4,0109newWilliam Johnston Tupper Conservative15001038th3,58310 Robert Boyd “R. B.” Russell Socialist Labour1535937th3,52011 Harriet Snetsinger Dick 12px Independent 13071133th2,93112Robert Jacob Liberal12061431st2,34713 William Clarence Morden Independent 11501630th1,38414 Nelson D. Armstrong Independent 11741529th1,86415 William John Christie Conservative12741228th1,72616William Linton Parrish Liberal9451727th1,42417 Samuel Cartwright Soldiers & SailorsLabour4522326th1,38418 Leoni St. Clairze “Leo” Warde Independent 8451825th1,20119 Mrs. William Arthur (Eleanor) Pritchard 12px Socialist Labour4432424th1,15520 William Gibbon Liberal7921923rd1,06721 Neil T. Carey Independent 7762122nd1,01922Thomas Glendenning Hamilton Liberal7862021st93423 James Lightfoot Conservative5542220th86224 Edward Bailey Fisher Independent 4312519th50825 Walter A. James Dominion LabourLabour563818th47526 Genevieve Elsie Alice Lipsett (Skinner)12px Conservative3592717th46127 Frederick William Law Liberal3682616th45028 Albert MacMartin Conservative1893315th34229 Frederick George “Fred” Tipping Dominion LabourLabour953614th31330 Charles Henry Forrester Ind Prog-C 2822813th30931Robert Newton Lowery Liberal2543012th28432 Percy V. Torrance Conservative2652911th28233 George Waldron Prout Independent 2193110th26134 Malcolm McInnes Conservative218329th23035 Richard James “Dickie” Johns SocialistLabour52398th17336 George H. Lawrence Conservative135347th15937 Alice Ann Dean Holling12px Independent 105356th13138 James O. Turnbull Conservative88375th9039 David S. Lyons Ind. Liberal 45404th5040 J. H. Gislason Independent Liberal 28414th4041 Detailed results by count Vote tallies in the table below were extracted from reporting in the Winnipeg Free Press. Rankings, gains and the exhausted tallies were calculated based on those reports. There were some apparent errors that were not reconcilable. These were simply bridged by understating the calculated exhausted tallies. The purpose of the table is to provide an easy visual to the movement of votes and candidates in the successive rounds. Shading under change (±) columns informally highlight significant gains with colour indicating the affiliation of the source of transfer (no fixed threshold for highlight, varies at different counts, generally applied if a candidate received more than ~10% of the votes being transferred during that count, or if the transfer boost the candidate's tally by more than ~2% #FA0 Labour (DLP) candidates (Labour slate)#FF0 Socialist candidates (SP, SDP) (Labour slate)#9F9 Ex-soldier candidate (Labour slate) pink Liberal candidates#BEE Conservative candidatesGainsboro Independent candidates Arrows green upred down highlight selected changes in rankings that were significant, of interest, or consequential. (Not all changes were highlighted with arrows) Both shading and arrows are for informal reference only. 1st to 20th counts remaining at start of round Seats and candidates remaining at start of the round of counting10 / 418 / 397 / 387 / 387 / 387 / 367 / 357 / 347 / 337 / 32 7 / 317 / 307 / 297 / 287 / 277 / 267 / 257 / 247 / 237 / 22Elected or eliminatedDixon;Johnson electedDixon surplus. Ivens electedJohnson surplusIvens surplus.Lyon; Gislason elim.Turnbull elim.Holling elim.Lawrence elim.Johns elim.McInnes elim. Prout elim.Torrance elim.Lowery elim.Forrester elim.Tipping elim.MacMartin elim.Law elim.Lipsett elim.James elim.Fisher elim. Count1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th 11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th CandidateVotes# ±Votes# ±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#Candidate±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes# Fred Dixonaa115861-727443121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121 Fred DixonE43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121 Thomas Johnson aa 43862043862-7443122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122 Thomas JohnsonE43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122 Bill Ivens 192853616aa 5544green up30 55443-123243123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123 Bill Ivens043123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123 J.T. Haig18936761969red down811970821972831975815199089199988200780200784120488 J.T. Haig 15206382420878 3 2090 8 17 2107 8 2 2109 849 2158 8 14 2172 848 2220 8 13 2233 8 64 2297 8 John Queen 1253138512104green up60210463742478green up58248650248652248853249151725085025085 John Queen 925175025175 2 2519 5 6 2525 549 2574 5 18 2592 5 8 2600 5 3 2603 5117 2720 5 9 2729 5 John Stovel 17437301773red down9101783921785901785901785*9717929417969117979718049 John Stovel281832971839935 1874 9 2 1876 9 3 1879 9 3 1882 947 1929 9 21 1950 9 3 1953 9 34 1987 9 Duncan Cameron 2402482410582418512419red down6124206024206124216124226124236524286 Duncan Cameron 14244261024526 17 2469 6 1 2470 60 2470 6 6 2476 6 37 2513 6 5 2518 60 2518 6 27 2545 6 George Armstrong 276734203187403187453324041324140324140324142324342032634232654 George Armstrong 532704132714 1 3272 4 7 3279 4 12 3291 4 4 3295 4 2 3297 4 3 3300 4 26 3326 4 9 3335 4 Edith Rogers 1541825156610615721041576100157610215781010158810115891001589104159310 Edith Rogers 9160210201622red down1121 1643 11 6 1649 11 3 1652 11 7 1659 1146 1705 green up10 44 1749 red down 11 3 1752 11 17 1769 11 W.J. Tupper 1500105150511115061101506111150711151522110152211415261111527118153511 W.J. Tupper 111546111021648green up10 8 1656 10 10 1666 10 6 1672 1028 1700 10 4 1704 red down 1172 1776 green up10 1 1777 10 22 1799 10 R.B. Russell 153594932028green up7020287163219176219772219972220172220372422277222297 R.B. Russell 7223670223670 2236 7 2 2238 763 2301 7 2 2303 7 5 2308 7 3 2311 752 2363 7 4 2367 7 Harriet Dick 1307111331440121144112814491221451122145312261479122148112414851212149712 Harriet Dick181515122151712 7 1524 12 1 1525 12 12 1537 12 15 1552 12 21 1573 12100 1673 12 12 1685 12 59 1744 12 Robert Jacob 12061434124014101250148125814212601421262144126614312691431272148128014 Robert Jacob151295141213071473 1380 green up13 4 1384 13 3 1387 13 3 1390 1447 1437 green up13 3 1440 13 2 1442 13 23 1465 13 William Morden 1150168112311511232159124115412451581253154125715312601511261158126915 William Morden201289155129415 6 1300 15 25 1325 15 2 1327 1543 1370 15 14 1384 15 4 1388 15 7 1395 15 35 1430 15 N.D. Armstrong 1174153312071601207162120916112101631213166121916212211601221164122516 N.D. Armstrong 111236166124216 1 1243 16 7 1250 16 1 1251 16 8 1259 16 13 1272 16 11 1283 16 3 1286 16 29 1315 16 W.J. Christie 12741223129713012971311298134130213213041311305134130913013091314132313 W.J. Christie 3132613181344130 1344 14 17 1361 14 2 1363 1427 1390 green up13 2 1392 1435 1427 14 1 1428 14 28 1456 14 William Parrish 9451713958171897617297817298017098017498417198517298717599217 William Parrish 8100017610061729 1035 17 1 1036 17 1 1037 17 6 1043 17 21 1064 17 5 1069 17 4 1073 red down 19 22 1095 19 S. Cartwright 45223436888green up1908881968956green up18295818095818195918196018796718196818 S. Cartwright 3971181972180 972 18 5 977 1832 1009 18 5 1014 18 7 1021 19 3 1024 19109 1133 green up 17 11 1144 17 Leo Warde 8451849894181895183898red down19189919490319390619290819190920991820 Leo Warde1393120149452014 959 green up19 3 962 19 8 970 20 3 973 2149 1022 green up18 11 1033 18 3 1036 red down 20 23 1059 20 Eleanor Pritchard 4432428272523072523163888green up2028902008902038932028952053948green up 19094819 Eleanor Pritchard 295019095019 3 953 20 1 954 20 19 973 19 6 979 20 5 984 21 3 987 21104 1091 green up 18 8 1099 18 William Gibbon 7921954846204850202852211853226859210? 85921686521086521386821 William Gibbon 68742128762121 897 21 7 904 21 3 907 21 2 909 22 19 928 22 6 934 22 2 936 22 25 961 22 Neil T. Carey 7762154830210830211831222285321085322085322185422085422085422 Neil T. Carey 3857220857220 857 2337 894 green up 220 894 22106 likely incorrect error 1000 green up 190 1000 20 2 1002 20 2 1004 21 10 1014 21 Thomas Hamilton 786203181722682322182423082423082423182523182623282823082823 Thomas Hamilton68342318352323 858 green up 22 10 868 230 868 *23 3 871 2325 896 23 10 906 230 906 23 12 918 23 J. Lightfoot 55422405942405942435972436002486082436112417628244632241164324 J. Lightfoot5648242267024 1 671 24 9 680 240 680 2441 721 2444 765 2444 809 24 9 818 24 24 842 24 E.B. Fisher 431254347425047425147525447925148025048025048025048025248225 E.B. Fisher1349525049525 2 497 25 4 501 250 501 25 2 503 25 1 504 25 4 508 250 508 25-508dist'ed25 W. A. James 563890146green up35014636207353green up284357281358284362281363281838128438528 W. A. James1386280386280 386 28 6 392 2877 469 green up 26 3 472 26 2 474 26 1 475 26-475dist'ed26 G. Lipsett 3592713372270372271373271374274? 3782714392272394270394271140527 G. Lipsett10415271042527 1 426 27 4 430 27 2 432 red down 2822 454 green up 27 7 461 27-461dist'ed27 F.W. Law 368262839626339926440326240526240726541226141326341626241826 F.W. Law44222664282616 444 26 2 446 26 1 447 red down 27 3 450 red down 28-450dist'ed28 A. MacMartin 18933132023402023412033522053502053502053576281green up 3112823144326green up 29 A. MacMartin433029633629 2 338 29 4 342 290 342 29-342dist'ed29 Fred Tipping 9536123218green up3302183370288green up30128930329230329530029530429930130031 Fred Tipping930931231130 0 311 30 2 313 30-313dist'ed30 Charles Forrester 282281830028030028130129230329230529330829030829030829130930 Charles Forrester0309300309red down 310 309 31-309dist'ed31 R.N. Lowery254301026430326729226931026931026931427331227532227732528232 R.N. Lowery2284320 28432-284dist'ed32 P.V. Torrance265291266290266300266321267322269320269320269330269331228133 P.V. Torrance1 28233-282dist'ed33 George Prout2193133252311253314257330257330257331258331259342261340 26134 George Prout-261dist'ed34 Malcolm McInnes218325223320223321224340224345229340229341230350 23035-230dist'ed35 Malcolm McInnes Dickie Johns5239521043801043865169green up361170360170362172361 17336-173dist'ed36 Dickie Johns G.H. Lawrence1353418153360153352155371156371157372 15937-159dist'ed37 G.H. Lawrence Ann Holling105352312837012837112938113038113138 -1310 (dist'ed)38 Ann Holling J. O. Turnbull883729039090390903909039 -900 (dist'ed)39 J. O. Turnbull David S. Lyons4540449400494015040 -50 0 (dist'ed)40 David S. Lyons J. H. Gislason2841113941039411 4041 -4041 J. H. GislasonCandidate1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th Candidate11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th Total Valid47427 47427 47427 47427 47423Error: Total gains exceeded distributed tally. Error to be abridged by reducing the exhausted tally (this is an abridgement and not reconciliation as ballot cannot be un-exhausted once it has exhausted) exceed47424 47418 47414 47412 47408 47402 47397 exceed47399 47290 47278 exceed47351 47341 47321 47319 47306 Exhausted tally is notional and not actual, calculated at each count by taking the difference between the tally being redistributed and the sum of all the gain. Notations are made where part of exhausted tally were used to abridge apparent or irreconcilable recording errors.Exhaust 44 -13 69 413 215 419 625 530 -2 28 109 137 12 149 -73 alert-blackredThe probable significant error introduced in the tally of Carey at the 16th count meant that the notional exhausted tallies from the 16th count to the 22nd count would be significant off from actual tallies. Carey 76 10 86 20 106 2 108 13121Total47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 21st to 38th counts remaining Seats and candidates remaining before the count7 / 217 / 207 / 197 / 187 / 177 / 167 / 157 / 147 / 137 / 12 7 / 116 / 95 / 73 / 43 / 43 / 43 / 43/4Elected or eliminatedLightfoot elim.Hamilton elim.Carey elim.Gibbon elim.Pritchard elim. Warde elim.Cartwright elim.Parrish elim. Christie elim. N. Armstrong elim. Morden elim. Haig electedJacob elim. Queen elected Dick elim. Stovel, Cameron electedHaig's surplusQueen's surplusStovel surplusCameron surplusRussell declared defeated Count #21st22nd23rd24th25th26th27th28th29th30th 31st32nd33rd34th35th36th37th38th Candidate±Votes# ±Votes# ±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#Candidate±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes#±Votes# Fred DixonE43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121 Fred DixonE43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121E43121 Thomas JohnsonE43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122 Thomas JohnsonE43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122E43122 Bill IvensE43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123 Bill Ivens043123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123E43123 J.T. Haig1452442green up733247578725627592621752626869269583127268522778910163794green up62264020green up5 J.T. Haig396aa44164044164 0 4416 4-10443124E43124E43124E43124E43124 John Queen14 274351427575832840511285165403391green up540343154393870green up41738874203907418040874 John Queen1874274558aa433250 4332 5 0 4332 5-20 4312 5 E 4312 5 E 4312 5 E 4312 5 John Stovel38 2025912221479262173915923329523379932430924245495072961850301191273138 green up8 John Stovel1933331876440958579 aa4674 green up6 4674 6 0 4674 6-36243126E43126E43126 Duncan Cameron20 2565615627216312752621829705329736483021693030625032806323312714934617 Duncan Cameron 1013562756141236 271aa4394 red down7 E43947043947043947-82 4312 7 E 4312 7 George Armstrong14 3349473356424338041033904693459434349343633856 red down533859510386951374006 red down6 George Armstrong 84409061341037 - unknown ? total of gains in 33rd count and 34th count bundled142 4245 red down8 0 4245 8 13 4258 8 24 4282 8 0aa4282 8 Edith Rogers38 180711116192311241947111262073 green up1072080107421541023217710212238910342423 red down11147257011 Edith Rogers 124269412495318910- unknown ?total of gains in 33rd count and 34th count bundled612 3801 green up9 4 3805 9142 3947 963 4010 9 0aa4010 9 W.J. Tupper139 19381012195010932043101420571132060115521151110212512382163123382501green up1097259810 W.J. Tupper324292211147306911 - unknown ? total of gains in 33rd count and 34th count bundled419 3488 green up10 0 3488 red down 1131 3519 green up10 ? 63 3582 100aa3582 10 R.B. Russell9 2376842380818239887240584152820green up7322852717830307103040733043 red down8713114 red down9 R.B. Russell 92320692032269- unknown ? total of gains in 33rd count and 34th count bundled261 3487 red down 1116 3503 green up10 16 3519 10 1 3520 red down 11 3520 not transferred and not used to elect anyone 11 Harriet Dick25 1769124718161294191012811991121420051281208612842170 green up1143221311752288 red down12270255812 Harriet Dick1852743green up101912934red down12-2934 dist'ed 12 Robert Jacob14 1479151501629green up1319164814156180413518091366187513221897132222119132921481375222313 Robert Jacob124234713-2347dist'ed13 William Morden82 1512green up141315251512016451515166014716671487175414441798151318111558186914 unknown14 William Morden-??dist'ed14 N.D. Armstrong52 13671614138116241405161514201661426163031729 green up15761805 green up141518201424184415-1844 dist'ed15 N.D. Armstrong W.J. Christie92 1548green up1310155814921650 green up1391659 red down151166015221682162317051621172616-1726 dist'ed 16 W.J. Christie William Parrish21 1116191031219green up17411260171221382171138317361419175142417-1424 dist'ed 17 William Parrish S. Cartwright13 1157175116218501212181112231855127818106138418-1384 dist'ed 18 S. Cartwright Leo Warde43 11022015111720461163 green up192511881913120119-1201 dist'ed 19 Leo Warde Eleanor Pritchard20 1119185112419231147 red down208115520-1155 dist'ed 20 Eleanor Pritchard William Gibbon11 97222871059green up218106721-1067 dist'ed 21 William Gibbon Neil T. Carey4 10182111019 red down22-1019 dist'ed 22 Neil T. Carey Thomas Hamilton16 93423-934 dist'ed Thomas Hamilton J. Lightfoot-842 dist'ed 24 J. Lightfoot 21st22nd23rd24th25th26th27th28th29th30th 31st32nd33rd34th35th36th37th38thTotal Valid472744725447138471174711147056470034698246945468204652146423Numbers for the 33rd count not listed. Dick eliminated. Stovel elected with 4674 votes; Cameron elected with 4394 votes. Due to lack of tally reports for the 33rd count, gains calculation for the 34th count was done against the 32nd count.45,6694566945509exceed4557842038Exhaust 32 153 20 Carey173 alert-blackred 116 289 21 310 6 316 55 371 53 424 21 245 37 482 125 607 299 906 98 1004 - - 754Due to lack of tally reports for the 33rd count, gains calculation for the 34th count was done against the 32nd count. 1758 0 1758 160 1918 -69 Actual reported exhausted tally.1849 Total 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47427 47,427 47,427 47427 47427 47427 47427 Sources The first ballot results for Winnipeg and results for all other constituencies are taken from an official Manitoba government publication entitled "Manitoba elections, 1920-1941" (cross-referenced with an appendix to the government's report of the 2003 provincial election). The Canadian Parliamentary Guide for 1921 lists slightly different results for Dufferin and Gladstone; the other two sources contain more information, however, and may be taken as more reliable. All ballot results for Winnipeg after the first count are taken from reports in the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper. There were some apparent errors in the reporting. Those errors were noted in the datatable and were abridged with exhausted ballot tallies. Post-election changes The Independent and Farmer members formed a parliamentary bloc after the election, known as the Independent-Farmer group. St. George MLA Albert Kristjansson later left the Labour caucus to sit with this group. Two were appointed to the cabinet, and they faced administrative by-elections as was the rule in those days. Birtle (George Malcolm appointed to cabinet, September 30, 1920. October 14, 1920 by-election: George Malcolm (L) accl. Lakeside (Charles Duncan McPherson appointed to cabinet, January 20, 1921. January 31, 1921 by-election: Charles Duncan McPherson (L) 1176 E. Herbert Muir (F) 1020 References Further reading Hopkins J. Castell The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs, 1920 1921 The Canadian Review Company Toronto https://archive.org/details/canadianannualre0000unse_r0m8 Category:1920 elections in Canada 1920 Category:1920 in Manitoba Category:June 1920 in Canada