1 Samuel 19

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 19 1 Samuel 18 chapter 18 1 Samuel 20 chapter 20 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets File:Michal lets David escape (89398919).jpg 240px "Michal lets David escape from the window". A painting by Gustave Doré, 1865. 1 Samuel 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 182 According to Jewish tradition, the book was attributed to the prophet Samuel, with additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan,Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com but modern scholars view it as a composition of a number of independent texts composed 630–540 y.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him.Jones 2007 209Coogan 2007 429 Hebrew Bible This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5, which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.Jones 2007 207 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 24 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q52 (4QSamb; 250 BCE) with extant verses 10–13, 15–17.Ulrich 2010 278Dead sea scrolls - 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q52 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel jerusalem 240 right Ancient Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel jerusalem 31.703056 35.195556 Red_pog.svg 6 Bethlehem 100 bottom Israel jerusalem 31.823333 35.231111 Red_pog.svg 6 Gibeah 100 left Israel jerusalem 31.85 35.23167 Blue_pog.svg 6 Ramah 100 top Naioth in Ramah Analysis David became a member of Saul's household with his marriage to Michal, but that did not stop Saul trying to kill David as Saul openly shared this plan with his trusted servants (verse 1). Ironically the loyalty of Saul's own children, Jonathan and Michal, saved David from Saul's further attempts.Jones 2007 209 Saul tried to kill David (19:1–10) Saul's renewed plans to kill David were now brought into the open (verse 1), but Jonathan became David's conciliator, reminding Saul that David was innocent and that his success was YHWH's victory, so Saul should not kill a person endowed with divine power like David.Evans 2018 207 Saul listened and promised under divine oath not to kill David (verse 5), then accepted David again in his court. However, after David achieved another victory over the Philistines, Saul's anger was aroused again (verses 8–10), and he again tried to pin David to the wall with a javelin, but one more time David managed to escape.Jones 2007 209Evans 2018 207 Verse 9 And the evil spirit from the was upon Saul, as he sat in his house with his javelin in his hand: and David played with his hand.1 Samuel 19:9 KJV "Played with his hand": that is, played on some instrument of music with hand, particularly a harp or a lyre, to drive away the evil spirit from Saul. This shows David's humility, that, being a successful officer in the army, he was still willing to be a musician to Saul.Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. "1 Samuel 19"., published in 1746-1763. Michal saved David's life (19:11–24) After an unsuccessful attempt to kill David with his spear, Saul set a guard around David's residence with the order to kill David the next morning (verse 11). David's wife, Michal, warned him of her father's evil plan (verse 11), helped him to escape (verse 12), and to give him time using a makeshift mannequin consisting of a he-latn teraphim (hbo yes תְּרָפִים tᵊrāp̄îm, household idols)—a garment and goats' hair (as a 'wig')—to confirm the impression that he was sick in bed (verses 13–17).Evans 2018 207 A point is made that David was saving his own life (verse 11) and that Michal, so as not to displease her father, was not participating in the escape, but in obedience to David only assisted him in executing it (verse 17); thus, she was loyal to both sides.Jones 2007 209 David went to meet Samuel at his base (1 Samuel 7:17), and they journeyed together to Naioth in the Rameh area, which was a prophetic center just as Nob was a priestly center.Jones 2007 209 Saul sent three groups of messengers, but each was "seized by prophetic frenzy", which also happened to Saul himself when he decided to go to Naioth, in a deliberate act to defy YHWH, even when he had the same experience before (1 Samuel 10:12; 11:6).Jones 2007 209Evans 2018 208 Verse 13 And Michal took an image and laid it in the bed, put a cover of goats' hair for his head, and covered it with clothes.1 Samuel 19:13 NKJV "An image": from the Hebrew he-latn teraphim, a plural noun that appears 15 times in the Hebrew Bible and is generally meant as "household gods" (i.e., household idols)Heltzer, Michael (1998) "New Light from Emar on Genesis 31. The theft of the Teraphim". In: "Und M ose schrieb dieses Lied auf" Studien zum Alten Testament und zum Alten Orient. Festschrift für Oswald Loretz zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres mit Beitragen von Freunden, Schiilem und Kollegen. Manfried Dietrich; Ingo Kotisieper (editors). Münster: Ugarit-Verlag; pp. 357–362. or "statue[s] of ancestors".Van der Toorn, Karel (1990) "The Nature of the Biblical Teraphim in the Light of the Cuneiform Evidence". The Catholic Biblical Quarterly Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 203–222.Evans 2018 206 Clearly varying in size, Rachel, Jacob's wife, could hide the teraphim she stole from Laban, her father, beneath her saddle (Genesis 31:19), whereas Michal could use the he-latn teraphim at her house to be disguised as David's sleeping body.Evans 2018 206 Biblical texts condemn the use of he-latn teraphim as idolsExodus 15:23 he2 Kings 23:24 he and for divination.Ezekiel 21:21 heZechariah 10:2 heEvans 2018 206 It is ironic that Saul's plan to kill David was thwarted by a (disguised) he-latn teraphim, while Samuel previously had likened Saul's disobedience to he-latn teraphim use (1 Samuel 15:23).Evans 2018 206 Verse 24 And he stripped off his clothes also, and prophesied before Samuel in like manner, and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Wherefore they say, Is Saul also among the prophets?1 Samuel 19:24 KJV "Stripped off his clothes": may be symbolic to the loss of his kingdom, just as Saul's tearing of Samuel's clothes signifying the tearing away of Saul's kingdom (1 Samuel 15:27–28) and Jonathan giving his clothes to David signifying the acceding of his throne to the latter (1 Samuel 18:1).Jones 2007 209Evans 2018 208 "All that day and all that night": the length of time Saul was immobilized certainly gave David enough time to escape.Evans 2018 208 "Is Saul also among the prophets?" This saying is explained differently from the one in 1 Samuel 10:5-12: in the present context, the incident demonstrates how Saul's possession by the spirit is used by YHWH to protect David. This, the spirit has become "a sign of disfavor and a means of protecting God's chosen one".Jones 2007 209 See also 22em Demon Javelin Michal Philistines Spirit of God Bible Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 15, 1 Samuel 17, 1 Samuel 18 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 9780802837110 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 9780805401073 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1467445160 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0310490944 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 9780310230229 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0664223182 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 9780802823595 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 9780802862419 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 9780802837844 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 9780567292896 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 19 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 19. Bible Gateway 19 Category:Saul Category:David