2008–2009 Chile listeriosis outbreak

Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes food poisoning in Chile January 2025 Listeriosis reportsInformation until August 25, 2009450x450px|Listeriosis Chile Map#000000 Regions with confirmed deaths#cd3412 Regions with confirmed cases#B9B9B9 Regions with no casesRegionCasesDeathsConfirmed in LaboratoryAttributedMetropolitan14712Valparaíso72O'Higgins31Maule21Araucanía20Los Lagos20Biobío10Total16416Source: Ministry of Health (Chile)Ministry of Health Ministry of Health (Chile) August 26, 2009 Informe Listeriosis http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/portal/url/item/71fd37eae7d943a4e04001011f014853.pdf August 25, 2009 Spanish March 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes The 2008–2009 Chile listeriosis outbreak was an epidemic outbreak of listeriosis in that country, caused by the species Listeria monocytogenes,Unidad Infectología Clínica Alemana Informe sobre aumento de casos de infección por Listeria monocytogenes en Santiago de Chile http://www.sochinf.cl/documentos/Listeria_monocytogenes_junio_2008.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20181016174954/http://www.sochinf.cl/documentos/Listeria_monocytogenes_junio_2008.pdf October 16, 2018 May 16, 2009 SpanishMinistry of Health Ministry of Health (Chile) November 28, 2008 Listeriosis: con medidas simples la población puede prevenirla http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/noticias/noticias.php?id_n=281 https://web.archive.org/web/20090429114207/http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/noticias/noticias.php?id_n=281 dead April 29, 2009 May 16, 2009 Spanish which spread mainly through foods of animal origin, such as cecina, sausages, cheese and other dairy products. As of August 2009, 164 cases had been recorded, with a total of 16 deaths, among whom different strains of the bacterium were detected. While in 2008 the outbreak was restricted to the Santiago Metropolitan Region, where the strain called "clone 009" predominated, in 2009 it spread to the regions of Valparaíso, O'Higgins, Maule, Biobío and Araucanía, through a different strain, called "clone 001".April 8, 2009 Un muerto y 11 casos por nueva cepa de listeriosis Spanish El Mercurio http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id={1e6f6436-aaf5-47a5-9cfe-5f0a32d57ce3} May 16, 2009 Background The study of listeriosis in the world is recent, since the first analyses of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes date back to the early 1980s in the United States.Noriega Ricalde Miguel 2008 Listeria monocytogenes: Vieja bacteria, desafío permanente https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rci/v25n5/art01.pdf Evista Chilena de Infectología Spanish 25 5 0716-1018 Its mortality rate is around 25% of cases in healthy adults, a figure that may be higher in at-risk groups. Listeriosis has mainly affected countries in the Northern Hemisphere, both in North America (Canada and the United States) and in Europe (France and Switzerland).Cordano Ana María 2000 Enfermedades infecciosas emergentes http://www2.anales.uchile.cl/CDA/an_completa/0,1281,SCID%253D3504%2526ISID%253D7%2526ACT%253D0%2526PRT%253D3499,00.html Anales de la Universidad de Chile Spanish 6 11 https://web.archive.org/web/20070610184644/http://www2.anales.uchile.cl/CDA/an_completa/0,1281,SCID%253D3504%2526ISID%253D7%2526ACT%253D0%2526PRT%253D3499,00.html dead June 10, 2007 May 16, 2009 This disease has been studied in Chile since 1990 and the presence of the bacterium has been observed in ice cream (3.5%), soft cheeses (0.8%), cecina (3.6%) and frozen shellfish (11.6%). However, health regulations do not include this bacterium within the parameters of food surveillance, which is carried out in the United States and European Union countries.Noriega Ricalde Miguel 2008 Listeria monocytogenes: Informe de un aumento de casos en mujeres embarazadas y revisión de la literatura (Introducción) https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rci/v25n5/art04.pdf Revista Chilena de Infectología Spanish 25 5 10.4067/S0716-10182008000500004 0716-1018 Listeriosis casesYearSantiago(Source: Minsal)National total(Source: ISP)2006265020072044 Until 2007, reported cases in Chile remained stable. The Public Health Institute (Instituto de Salud Pública, ISP) received less than fifty samples annually, while the Santiago Metropolitan Region averaged twenty-three cases between 2006 and 2007. The Clínica Alemana de Santiago received between one and two cases per year, with newborn patients being frequent. Development Contamination by soft cheeses in Santiago (2008) thumb|200x200px|Brie, a type of soft cheese in which Listeria was found in late 2008. During the first half of 2008, the number of cases studied by health centers and medical institutions in the Santiago Metropolitan Region quadrupled compared to previous years, with a particular increase in the disease in pregnant patients.May 7, 2008 6 Preocupante aumento de listeriosis en embarazadas http://www.lasegunda.com/ediciononline/buena_vida/detalle/index.asp?idnoticia=407506 https://web.archive.org/web/20080512112502/http://www.lasegunda.com/ediciononline/buena_vida/detalle/index.asp?idnoticia=407506 May 12, 2008 May 20, 2009 La Segunda Spanish dead In September 2008, the SEREMI Metropolitana de Salud took several samples of suspect foods and identified the "strain 009" in a variety of Brie cheese. As a result, the Public Health Institute (ISP) identified the strains in soft cheeses of the Chevrita brand and on November 25 the SEREMI issued the recall of all brie and camembert cheeses of that company, as well as products of the brands Las Pircas and Lescure.Ministry of Health Ministry of Health (Chile) February 5, 2009 Informe Brote Listeriosis Región Metropolitana Departamento de Epidemiología http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/bolets/reportes/Listeriosis/Informe%20Listeria%20brote%202008.pdf May 20, 2009 Spanish March 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes Finally, up to the end of 2008, 119 cases were registered in the Metropolitan Region (there is no data for the rest of Chile), 77% of which belonged to the northeastern sector of the capital, with the largest number concentrated in districts characterized by a high socioeconomic level, such as Las Condes (sixteen cases), Vitacura (twelve cases), Lo Barnechea (four cases), Ñuñoa (three cases), Providencia (three cases), La Reina (two cases) and Peñalolén (one case).Ministry of Health Ministry of Health (Chile) January 16, 2009 Informe Brote Listeriosis Región Metropolitana Departamento de Epidemiología http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/bolets/reportes/Listeriosis/Informe%20brote%20Listeriaold.pdf May 20, 2009 SpanishMay 2023 medicmedic center|thumb|300x300px|Listeriosis cases in Greater Santiago during 2008.#FF0000 Cases of "strain 009".#FFD700 Cases of other strains National outbreak due to cecinas (2009) Confirmed cases of listeriosis 2009DatesCasesDeathsApril 23Ministry of Health Ministry of Health (Chile) April 23, 2009 Informe Listeriosis http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/bolets/reportes/Listeriosis/Informe%20brote%20Listeria.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20090306133125/http://epi.minsal.cl/epi/html/bolets/reportes/Listeriosis/Informe%20brote%20Listeria.pdf March 6, 2009 May 3, 2009 Spanish183May 14Ministry of Health Ministry of Health (Chile) May 14, 2009 Informe Listeriosis http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/archivos/informelisteriosis.pdf May 20, 2009 Spanish March 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes 277August 25459 Following the identification of the origin of "clone 009" and the subsequent recall of contaminated products, there was a drop in listeriosis cases during the summer of 2009. However, in March the disease reemerged, this time due to a different strain than the one in the Chevrita cheeses, called "clone 001".Radio Cooperativa Radio Cooperativa March 7, 2009 Ministro de Salud confirmó nuevo brote de listeriosis https://www.cooperativa.cl/ministro-de-salud-confirmo-nuevo-brote-de-listeriosis/prontus_nots/2009-04-07/163245.html May 20, 2009 Spanish Following an investigation of several companies, on April 13 the ISP identified Doñihue Limitada, a company that supplied laminated jerky to Agrosuper, as the source of the new outbreak of listeriosis,Radio Cooperativa Radio Cooperativa March 13, 2009 ISP identificó a nueva empresa de alimentos contaminados con listeria https://www.cooperativa.cl/isp-identifico-a-nueva-empresa-de-alimentos-contaminados-con-listeria/prontus_nots/2009-04-13/171814.html May 20, 2009 Spanish due to contamination of the food conveyor bar.Radio Cooperativa Radio Cooperativa March 14, 2009 Subsecretaria de Salud atribuyó brote de listeria a contaminación de correa transportadora https://www.cooperativa.cl/subsecretaria-de-salud-atribuyo-brote-de-listeria-a-contaminacion-de-correa-transportadora/prontus_nots/2009-04-14/073109.html May 20, 2009 Spanish In mid-April, the Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero (SAG) detected the presence of Listeria in products from a dairy company in Frutillar, Los Lagos Region;Terra April 24, 2009 Detectan presencia de listeria en un queso producido en Frutillar https://www.interempresas.net/caprino/Articulos/290035-Detectan-presencia-de-listeria-en-un-queso-producido-en-Frutillar.html 2024-08-21 Interempresas Spanish however, no cases had been reported in that area until that date.April 23, 2009 Caso de listeria y Seremi de salud Spanish El Austral http://www.australosorno.cl/prontus4_nots/site/artic/20090423/pags/20090423164502.html May 20, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090529021618/http://www.australosorno.cl/prontus4_nots/site/artic/20090423/pags/20090423164502.html dead May 29, 2009 left|thumb|In 2009, the cecina trade suffered a drop in sales, which even affected companies without a listeria outbreak.Diario Financiero April 21, 2009 Sopraval retira línea de productos del mercado por foco de listeria y acusa baja en demanda de cecinas http://www.df.cl/portal2/content/df/ediciones/20090421/cont_110517.html https://web.archive.org/web/20091005091346/http://www.df.cl/portal2/content/df/ediciones/20090421/cont_110517.html dead October 5, 2009 May 20, 2009 SpanishWe are facing a situation of a type of germ that is possible to control with the measures we are applying and, in this sense, we will continue to insist on prevention, education and, fundamentally, control actions. Michelle Bachelet, April 21 2009.April 21, 2009 Fortalecer control de listeriosis pidió Bachelet Spanish La Nación http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090421/pags/20090421115949.html May 20, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090424070923/http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090421/pags/20090421115949.html dead April 24, 2009On April 23, the Ministry of Health issued a report on the status of the outbreak, identifying eighteen cases and three deaths, two in the Metropolitan Region, and one in Rancagua, O'Higgins Region,Radio Cooperativa Radio Cooperativa March 15, 2009 Autoridades confirmaron muerte por listeriosis en Rancagua https://www.cooperativa.cl/autoridades-confirmaron-muerte-por-listeriosis-en-rancagua/prontus_nots/2009-04-15/141906.html May 20, 2009 Spanish the first listeriosis fatality reported outside Santiago. Two days later, the Jumbo supermarket chain detected that several of its own products, including longanizas, chorizos, meats and sausages, had the bacterium, and they were immediately withdrawn from sale to the public.April 25, 2009 Detectan listeria en cecinas marca Jumbo Spanish La Nación http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090424/pags/20090424214102.html May 20, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090428084726/http://www.lanacion.cl/prontus_noticias_v2/site/artic/20090424/pags/20090424214102.html dead April 28, 2009 Between May 14 and 15, four new victims of the disease were added, two from the Metropolitan Region and two from the Valparaíso Region.May 15, 2009 Muertes por listeriosis se elevan a siete Spanish La Tercera http://www.latercera.com/contenido/680_127589_9.shtml May 20, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20150501150742/http://www.latercera.com/contenido/680_127589_9.shtml dead May 1, 2015 However, the Minister of Health Alvaro Erazo stated that this was not a resurgence of the bacterium, since "there is no history that could be repeated or a type of consumption that points to any particular company and to any focus of contagion".May 15, 2009 Álvaro Erazo insistió en que no hay un rebrote de la listeriosis Spanish La Tercera https://www.cooperativa.cl/alvaro-erazo-insistio-en-que-no-hay-un-rebrote-de-la-listeriosis/prontus_nots/2009-05-15/142105.html May 20, 2009 On May 19, a new case of listeriosis in Temuco came to public light, in which a pregnant mother, who did not present symptoms, passed the disease to her child before delivery.May 19, 2009 Detectan nuevo caso de listeriosis en Temuco Spanish La Tercera http://www.latercera.com/contenido/680_128680_9.shtml May 20, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20150501192551/http://www.latercera.com/contenido/680_128680_9.shtml dead May 1, 2015 Decline The spread of influenza A (H1N1) in the country, which began in mid-May 2009, surpassed the listeriosis health emergency. However, specialists recommended at the time to continue with food precautions regarding dairy products and beef jerky, since epidemic control was essential to keep the disease stable and avoid a resurgence.Radio Universidad de Chile June 2, 2009 Chile está preparado para las emergencias sanitarias http://www.radio.uchile.cl/notas2.asp?idNota=53204 June 7, 2009 SpanishMay 2023 medicmedicTerra Terra (company) July 16, 2009 Listeria: La situación no está 100% controlada http://www.terra.cl/zonamujer/index.cfm?id_cat=2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20090726112016/http://www.terra.cl/zonamujer/index.cfm?id_cat=2007 dead July 26, 2009 July 27, 2009 Spanish In August 2009, a 24-year-old woman died of listeriosis in the Maule Region, although the authorities said it was an isolated case and had no connection with the outbreak in the first half of that year.August 25, 2009 Salud descartó rebrote de listeria tras nueva muerte por la enfermedad https://www.cooperativa.cl/noticias/pais/salud/alertas-sanitarias/salud-descarto-rebrote-de-listeria-tras-nueva-muerte-por-la-enfermedad/2009-08-25/150416.html 2024-08-21 Cooperativa.cl Spanishmedic To speak of a resurgence, we must have several cases associated with the same type of listeria. Listeria have genetic differentiation [...], however, we do not have cases in the same area or surrounding areas in which we can say that they correspond to a new outbreak, it does not seem to us, but of course we are expectant and vigilant. Lorena Rodríguez, head of the Food and Nutrition Department of the Ministry of Health. Effects thumb|200x200px|Listeria detection at the Pontificial Catholic University of Chile. The outbreak of listeriosis revealed the need to implement an official microbiological criterion for the surveillance of this bacterium in Chile. The Ministry of Health presented a document with its proposal, prepared by its Food and Nutrition Department, to the Codex Alimentarius subcommittee on food hygiene, which it submitted for public consultation on its website.Ministry of Health Ministry of Health (Chile) Propuesta de criterios microbiológicos para Listeria monocytogenes para el Reglamento Sanitario de los Alimentos http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/portal/url/page/minsalcl/g_consultas/g_consultas_publicadas/monocytogenes.html https://web.archive.org/web/20090524032040/http://www.redsalud.gov.cl/portal/url/page/minsalcl/g_consultas/g_consultas_publicadas/monocytogenes.html dead May 24, 2009 May 20, 2009 Spanish This document would be the basis for a decree establishing "zero tolerance" for the disease in three types of products; ready-to-eat foods (cecinas, cheeses), baby food (milk) and food for medical use.El Mercurio July 24, 2009 Decreto exigirá "listeria cero" en 3 tipos de alimentos http://diario.elmercurio.cl/detalle/index.asp?id={2adf269b-e4e5-45e9-a3a1-c620da9502ca} July 27, 2009 Spanish Also, since 2008, the local scientific literature on the disease has increased significantly in response to the surprising growth of listeriosis cases in private and public health centers. Taking advantage of the situation, scientists from the Institute of Food Science and Technology (Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Icytal), which belongs to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Austral University in Valdivia, developed a spray that inhibits the bacterium, which they later presented at the World Best Technologies 2009 Fair in the United States.Radio Cooperativa Radio Cooperativa March 20, 2009 Científicos de Valdivia crearon spray para inhibir la listeria https://www.cooperativa.cl/cientificos-de-valdivia-crearon-spray-para-inhibir-la-listeria/prontus_nots/2009-04-20/110045.html May 20, 2009 Spanish Another collateral effect of the outbreak was the decrease in cheese sales, which was called by the press the "Chevrita effect", in reference to the company where the "strain 009" outbreak was identified,January 13, 2009 El efecto Chevrita La crisis que comienza a vivir la industria del queso con el impacto de la lister(iosis) http://www.chilepotenciaalimentaria.cl/content/view/428011/El_efecto_Chevrita_La_crisis_que_comienza_a_vivir_la_industria_del_queso_con_el_impacto_de_la_lister.html https://web.archive.org/web/20110924225705/http://www.chilepotenciaalimentaria.cl/content/view/428011/El_efecto_Chevrita_La_crisis_que_comienza_a_vivir_la_industria_del_queso_con_el_impacto_de_la_lister.html dead September 24, 2011 May 20, 2009 Chile Potencia Alimentaria Spanish and in cecinas, following the outbreak of "strain 001" in the Doñihue company during 2009. Preventive measures The Chilean Government prepared a series of recommendations and prevention measures to prevent the country's inhabitants from contracting the disease, highlighting special measures for at-risk groups such as pregnant women, children, immunosuppressants, the elderly and patients with chronic diseases. These measures were not to consume: Raw or partially cooked fish and meat. Dairy products from unauthorized companies. Soft cheeses (brie, camembert and blue cheeses). Unboiled sausages. Cecina spreads (pâté or meat or ham spreads). Unwashed vegetables, even if packaged. Ready-to-serve foods. Ham and sliced cheese. Basic hygiene measures were also established for the general population: Wash hands before and after handling food. Wash kitchen surfaces and utensils that have been in contact with food at risk. Avoid cross-contamination, that is, separate raw food from cooked food. Consume pasteurized dairy products and derivatives. Wash vegetables and fruits without exception. Consume well-cooked meat and fish. Heating food in the microwave oven does not eliminate bacteria. Clean the refrigerator constantly. Purchase products in authorized places. Statistics thumb|219x219px|Image of Listeria monocytogenes. Breakdown of cases of listeriosis reported by the Chilean Ministry of Health in each region of the country. Data for 2009 include all known cases up to August 25. RegionCasesDeaths20082009Total20082009TotalArica y Parinacota –00 –00Tarapacá –00 –00Antofagasta –00 –00Atacama –00 –00Coquimbo –00 –00Valparaíso –77 –22Metropolitan119281477512O'Higgins –33 –11Maule –22 –11Biobío –11 –00La Araucanía –22 –00Los Ríos –00 –00Los Lagos –22 –00Aysén –00 –00Magallanes –00 –00National total119451647916 See also Health crisis Listeriosis Listeria monocytogenes 2008 Canada listeriosis outbreak COVID-19 pandemic in Chile References 20em Bibliography Cordano Ana María Rocourt Joselyne 2001 Occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes in food in Chile International Journal of Food Microbiology 70 1–2 175–178 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00533-5 11759755 0168-1605 External links Category:2008-2009 Chilean listeriosis outbreak 2008-2009 listeriosis outbreak in Chile Official website Ministry of Health of Chile (In Spanish) Official listeria diptych(In Spanish) Archived April 19, 2009, on Wayback Machine Listeria monocytogenes: Old Bacteria, Enduring Challenge (In Spanish) Emerging infectious diseases(In Spanish) (on Anales de la Universidad de Chile) Keys to Understanding the Listeria Outbreak(In Spanish) expanded Category:2008 disasters in Chile Category:2009 in Chile Category:Disease outbreaks in Chile Category:Listeriosis outbreaks Category:2008 disease outbreaks Category:2009 disease outbreaks