2011 eruption of Grímsvötn

Volcanic eruption in Iceland 2011 eruption of Grímsvötn Grímsvötn Volcano Showing Plume - May 22.jpg Grímsvötn on 22 May, showing ash plume 21 May 2011https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=373010&vtab=Eruptions Grímsvötn Global Volcanism Program Smithsonian Institution 2020-01-22 28 May 2011 Grímsvötn Plinian eruption Grímsvötn, Iceland 64 25 12 N 17 19 48 W title,inline 4 Iceland 250 Map of iceland Iceland Mountain sign.svg 10 64 25 12 N 17 19 48 W left #FFFFFF Grímsvötn 80 Grímsvötn Iceland Mountain sign.svg 6 63 38 N 19 36 W right #FFFFFF Eyjafjallajökull 60 Eyjafjallajökull Iceland pictograms-nps-misc-camera.svg 15 64 04 13 N 16 12 42 W right #FFFFFF Webcam at Jökulsárlón 60 Jökulsárlón Grímsvötn and webcam Disruption of air travel thumb|Grímsvötn covered in ash three months after the eruption The 2011 eruption of Grímsvötn was a Plinian eruption of Grímsvötn, Iceland's most active volcano, which caused disruption to air travel in Northwestern Europe from 22–25 May 2011. The last eruption of Grímsvötn was in 2004,Iceland's Grimsvötn volcano starts new eruption 21 May 2011 BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13487858 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110522112328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13487858 22 May 2011 live with the previous most powerful eruptions in 1783, 1873 and 1902.Two German airports shut as volcanic cloud drifts 25 May 2011 Mark Trevelyan Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iceland-volcano-idUSTRE74K2KP20110525 25 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110630012447/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/05/25/us-iceland-volcano-idustre74k2kp20110525 30 June 2011 liveGrímsvötn - Eruptive History http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1703-01=&volpage=erupt&format=table&sortorder=desc Global Volcanism Program 25 May 2011 31 March 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130331085632/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1703-01=&volpage=erupt&format=table&sortorder=desc dead The Grímsvötn eruption was the largest eruption in Iceland for 50 years.Steve Connor: Larger ash particles will mean less chaos 24 May 2011 The Independent https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/steve-connor-larger-ash-particles-will-mean-less-chaos-2288154.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/steve-connor-larger-ash-particles-will-mean-less-chaos-2288154.html 2022-05-01 subscription 30 May 2011 London Timeline The eruption is estimated to have started under the glacier at around 17:30 UTC on 21 May 2011 when an intense spike in tremor activity was detected.Eruption has started in Grímsvötn Icelandic Met Office http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2011/nr/2174 24 May 2011 At around 19:00 UTC, the eruption broke the ice cover of the glacier and started spewing volcanic ash into the air.Status Report 22 May, at 02:00 National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police http://www.almannavarnir.is/upload/files/Status%20report%2022.05.2011%20at%2002.00.pdf4 26 May 2011September 2018 InternetArchiveBot yes The eruption plume quickly rose to 65000 ft km. A series of small earthquakes had commenced at the time of eruption.Iceland's Grimsvotn volcano erupts; air traffic disruption unlikely 22 May 2011 International Business Times http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/149766/20110522/iceland-grimsvotn-volcano-erupts.htm 24 May 2011 Glacial flooding was anticipated, which normally occurs within 10–12 hours after eruption,Iceland eruption stable for now, producing less ash 23 May 2011 IceNews http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/05/23/iceland-eruption-stable-for-now-producing-less-ash 27 May 2011 8 August 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120808073601/http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/05/23/iceland-eruption-stable-for-now-producing-less-ash/ dead but it never occurred as a flood had occurred the previous autumn, meaning a smaller chance of another flood appearing.Latest scenes of Iceland volcano eruption aftermath PHOTOS 28 May 2011 Daniel Lee International Business Times http://hken.ibtimes.com/articles/153573/20110527/latest-scenes-of-iceland-volcano-eruption-aftermath.htm 27 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110531140153/http://hken.ibtimes.com/articles/153573/20110527/latest-scenes-of-iceland-volcano-eruption-aftermath.htm 2011-05-31 dead On 25 May, the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO) confirmed the eruption had paused at 02:40 UTC.Volcanic Ash Advisory at 1241 on 25 May 2011 http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation/vaac/data/VAG_1306323708.png Met Office UK 25 May 2011 Later the BBC reported that the volcanic activity appeared to have stopped.Iceland volcano ash: German air traffic resuming https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13535054 BBC News 25 May 2011 25 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110525111745/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13535054 25 May 2011 live At 15:00 the IMO issued an update stating that no further ash plume was expected.Update on volcanic activity in Grímsvötn http://en.vedur.is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2180 Iceland Met Office 25 May 2011 Pulsating explosions continued to produce ash and steam clouds, some reaching a few kilometers in height, rising up from the vents. There was widespread ash in cloud layers up to 5 km from the eruption site. On 26 May the IMO and the University of Iceland reported that ashfall was only occurring adjacent to the eruption site. Visual observations indicated that little ice meltwater was produced during the eruption, so that an outburst flood (jökulhlaup) was not expected.Update on volcanic activity in Grímsvötn http://en.vedur.is/earthquakes-and-volcanism/articles/nr/2180 Iceland Met Office 27 May 2011 The eruption ceased at 7am on 28 May 2011.Grímsvötn Eruption Historically Short for the Volcano 7 June 2011 Iceland Review http://www.enewswire.co.uk/2011/06/07/tourists-visit-grimsvotn-volcano-iceland-clean-underway 10 June 2011 Ash characteristics The ash content from the Grímsvötn volcano in Iceland had a much lower silica content (50%) compared to the ash from the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (63%), giving the latter a higher viscosity. The ash emitted from Grímsvötn is also more coarse than the smaller, more abrasive particles emitted from the Eyjafjallajökull eruptionIceland volcano pumps a different ash 23 May 2011 Jonathan Amos Richard Black BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13502009 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110524112216/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13502009 24 May 2011 live as a result of the basalt-based magma of the Grímsvötn volcano exploding through the glacier, rather than reacting with meltwater. Effect on flights A total of 900 flights (out of 90,000 in Europe) were cancelled as a result of the eruption in the period 23–25 May.http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2011/05/26/357246/european-proceedures-cope-with-new-ash-cloud.html European proceedures (sic) cope with new ash cloud 26 May 2011 Flightglobal David Learmount https://web.archive.org/web/20150703022217/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/european-proceedures-cope-with-new-ash-cloud-357246/ July 3, 2015 dead September 28, 2015 On 22 May, Iceland closed down its main airport Keflavík International Airport, with domestic flights operated from Reykjavík Airport cancelled as well.Iceland volcano: Grimsvotn eruption hits flights 22 May 2011 BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13489944 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110522111820/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13489944 22 May 2011 live Transatlantic flights had also experienced delays, and the threat of further air travel disruption cut US President Barack Obama's state visit to Ireland a day short.Flights cancelled as ash cloud heads towards UK 23 May 2011 BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13498477 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110523112049/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13498477 23 May 2011 live Part of Greenland's eastern airspace was also closed,Europe on alert for Icelandic volcano ash cloud 23 May 2011 Omar Valdimarsson Ingolfur Juliusson Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-iceland-volcano-idUSLNE74M05020110523 26 May 2011 with one flight being cancelled by Air Greenland between Denmark's Kastrup Airport and Greenland's Kangerlussuaq Airport.Volcanic ash cloud closed Greenland's air space 23 May 2011 Candy Whitley TRCB News http://www.trcbnews.com/volcanic-ash-cloud-closed-greenlands-air-space/113171 26 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110525082235/http://www.trcbnews.com/volcanic-ash-cloud-closed-greenlands-air-space/113171/ 2011-05-25 dead By 23 May, authorities in Denmark closed airspace below 21000 ft km on flip in the northwestern part of the country, with some delays and cancellations at Copenhagen.Ash disrupts flights over northern Europe 23 May 2011 Gill Plimmer Mark Odell Financial Times https://www.ft.com/content/8c7bf100-8512-11e0-871e-00144feabdc0 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110525123557/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8c7bf100-8512-11e0-871e-00144feabdc0.html May 25, 2011 live On 24 May, more than 1,600 flights were grounded as ash clouds travelled over Scotland,Iceland volcano: airlines clash with Government over ash 24 May 2011 David Millward Auslan Cramb James Kirkup The Telegraph https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/8534342/Iceland-volcano-airlines-clash-with-Government-over-ash.html 24 May 2011 London with airports in Scotland and northern England closed and 250 UK flights grounded.Ash Halts German Flights as British Airways Applies to Fly in 'Red Zone' 25 May 2011 Steve Rothwell Omar R. Valdimarsson Bloomberg https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-24/iceland-volcano-may-disrupt-european-air-traffic-as-ash-cloud-reaches-u-k-.html 24 May 2011 British Airways, KLM, Aer Lingus, Flybe, BMI, Loganair, Eastern Airways, EasyJet, and Ryanair cancelled most flights in the Scotland region,Thousands face volcanic ash cloud flight cancellations 24 May 2011 BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13513981 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110524111807/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13513981 24 May 2011 live seeing Wales' Cardiff Airport also cancelling inbound and outbound flights by airline Flybe.Volcano ash cloud puts Cardiff Airport flights at risk 25 May 2011 Julia McWatt WalesOnline http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2011/05/25/volcano-ash-cloud-puts-cardiff-airport-flights-at-risk-91466-28758555 25 May 2011 Certain flights from Northern Ireland were also grounded.NI flights cancelled as ash cloud approaches 24 May 2011 BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13514047 24 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110524112525/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13514047 24 May 2011 live The BBC has provided a list of affected flights to and from Irish airports.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-13530439 Grounded NI flights - at a glance BBC News 2011-05-24 By nightfall, 20 flights had been cancelled to and from Göteborg Landvetter Airport, with anticipated wind shift bringing the ash clouds from southwestern Sweden to the northeast, possibly reaching Stockholm's Arlanda Airport by 02:00 on Wednesday morning.Sweden cancels flights due to Iceland ash cloud 24 May 2011 The Local http://www.thelocal.se/33970/20110524 25 May 2011 Furthermore, Continental Airlines Flights 75 and 97 (from Hamburg and Berlin Tegel to Newark Liberty) had to make stopovers at Gander Airport, Newfoundland, to refuel as they were assigned more southerly routes that exceeded the Boeing 757-200s' range.May 2011 On 25 May, Germany also shut down airports in the north of the country, specifically Bremen Airport and Hamburg Airport at 03:00 and 04:00 CET, while Berlin Airports were closed from 09:00 CET.Berlin airports to close because of volcano ash cloud 25 May 2011 AFP https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20110525/ts_afp/icelandvolcanoaviationgermany 25 May 2011 600 flights were affected in Germany, however the closure was lifted by the afternoon.Volcanic ash cloud to close Berlin airports 25 May 2011 CNN http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/05/25/europe.volcano.ash https://web.archive.org/web/20110528202755/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/05/25/europe.volcano.ash/ dead May 28, 2011 25 May 2011 By 26 May no European airspace was closed due to Grímsvötn volcanic ash, which was dissipating.Update on European air traffic situation following Grimsvötn eruption http://www.eurocontrol.int/news/update-european-air-traffic-situation-following-grimsvoetn-eruption-1000-cet-1 Eurocontrol 27 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110613134933/http://www.eurocontrol.int/news/update-european-air-traffic-situation-following-grimsvoetn-eruption-1000-cet-1 2011-06-13 dead However on 27 May Greenlandic airspace was closed due to a concentration of ash over Greenland and the North Atlantic, affecting 1,000 passengers and 20 tonnes of cargo.Ash cloud shuts Greenlandic airspace and the North Atlantic on Friday 27 May. Only a few flights in southern Greenland is expected to be operated 27 May 2011 Air Greenland http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhedsvisning/?newsid=986 27 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110724055833/http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhedsvisning/?newsid=986 2011-07-24 dead The following day, certain flights had been restored with a Dash 8 taken out of service for technical issues, leaving minor disruptions to restored services. Ash clouds also remained over the region of Uummannaq and Upernavik, meaning northern-bound flights were still subject to weather developments.Air Greenland flies today Saturday 28 May 2011 Air Greenland http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhedsvisning/?newsid=992 5 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110724055909/http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhedsvisning/?newsid=992 2011-07-24 dead By Sunday 29 May, more flights and services had been restored, with few passengers stuck in coastal regions with arrivals expected on Monday or Tuesday.All flights scheduled Sunday 29 May have been preceded according to the plan 29 May 2011 Air Greenland http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhedsvisning/?newsid=997 5 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110724055921/http://www.airgreenland.com/nyhedsvisning/?newsid=997 2011-07-24 dead Effect on locals thumb|Ash-covered cars at Foss Hotel Skaftafell Kirkjubaejarklaustur was one of the most affected areas by the volcano. The Icelandic civil defence agency Almannavarnir established a service centre to organise cleanup efforts and provide a point of contact for people who need help.Volcanic ash clean-up in Iceland: progress report 27 May 2011 IceNews http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/05/27/volcanic-ash-clean-up-in-iceland-progress-report 30 May 2011 30 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110530094006/http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/05/27/volcanic-ash-clean-up-in-iceland-progress-report/ dead During a local public meeting on the 26th, residents were permitted to claim for losses and additional costs for those who possess household fire insurance. Health effects outside of Iceland A study based on mortality data from Sweden found that there was an increase in mortality in the week following the ash cloud passing over Sweden the 24th and 25 May 2011,Volcanic ash over Scandinavia originating from the Grímsvötn eruptions in May 2011 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres May 2012 117 D9 10.1029/2011JD017090 Tesche M. Glantz P. Johansson C. Norman M. Hiebsch A. Ansmann A. Althausen D. Engelmann R. Seifert P. n/a 2012JGRD..117.9201T free but the results were not statistically significant.Volcanic Ash and Daily Mortality in Sweden after the Icelandic Volcano Eruption of May 2011 Oudin A International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health December 2013 10 12 6909–6919 10.3390/ijerph10126909 24336019 3881148 etal free Effect on markets Trading on jet fuel recovered as concerns on the volcano eased, causing the June swap contract to gain $18.30 to reach $1,019.14 per tonne by 16:15 GMT, after having reached a week low of $995.64 on Monday. Jet fuel barges on the Amsterdam-Rotterdam-Antwerp hub had dropped to $989 on Monday, dropping from $1,003 per ton on 20 May.Jet fuel rebounds in Europe as Iceland volcano concern eases 24 May 2011 Lananh Nguyen Bloomberg https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-24/jet-fuel-rebounds-in-europe-as-iceland-volcano-concern-eases-1-.html 25 May 2011 June jet fuel cargo swaps dropped to $93.15 per tonne on Tuesday compared to $99.45 on Monday trading.Jet fuel falls as volcanic ash cloud fears revive 24 May 2011 Jessica Donati Claire Milhench Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/us-volcano-jet-idUSTRE74N5TH20110524 7 June 2011 See also Volcanic ash and aviation safety Air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption References External links Update on Grímsvötn Activity – from the Icelandic Met Office and University of Iceland (will be updated if activity resumes) Current seismology around Grímsvötn – Earthquakes in last 48 hours Webcam by Míla, Iceland (exact location unknown) Webcam at Jökulsárlón, south of the volcano, by Míla, Iceland https://web.archive.org/web/20110312085225/http://live.mila.is/jokulsarlon/ 2011-03-12 Grímsvötn volcanic ash advisory from regional Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre, London (updated every 6 hours) Grímsvötn updates from NATS – UK air traffic control plus the Eastern part of the North Atlantic BBC news report of the 23 May 2011 eruption Report on the start of the Grímsvötn eruption from the Icelandic Met Office National Geographic Photo Gallery of Grímsvötn's eruption - National Geographic Daily News} Links and articles, Icelandic Met Office Category:2011 in aviation Category:2011 disasters in Europe Category:2011 in Iceland Category:2011 natural disasters Category:2010s disasters in Iceland Category:21st-century volcanic events Category:History of air traffic control Category:May 2011 in Europe Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by volcanic events Category:Plinian eruptions Category:VEI-4 eruptions Category:East Volcanic Zone of Iceland Category:Volcanic eruptions in Iceland 2011 eruption