2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola outbreak

Disease outbreak in central Africa 2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola outbreak August – November 2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection).svg Democratic Republic of the Congo (orthographic projection) Cases / Deaths (as at end of outbreak)WHO: WHO: EBOLA RESPONSE ROADMAP UPDATE-15 October 2014 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136508/1/roadmapsitrep15Oct2014.pdf?ua=1 live https://web.archive.org/web/20141016091724/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136508/1/roadmapsitrep15Oct2014.pdf?ua=1 16 October 2014 16 October 2014 DR Congo: 66 / 49 In 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) occurred. Genome sequencing has shown that this outbreak was not related to the 2014–15 West Africa Ebola virus epidemic, but was of the same EBOV species.2 September 2014 Virological Analysis: no link between Ebola outbreaks in west Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/2-september-2014/en/ dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140905000320/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/2-september-2014/en/ September 5, 2014 World Health Organization It began in August 2014 and was declared over in November of that year, after 42 days without any new cases.15 November 2014 Congo declares its Ebola outbreak over http://uk.reuters.com/article/health-ebola-congodemocratic-idUKL6N0T50F720141115 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20201107103928/https://uk.reuters.com/article/health-ebola-congodemocratic-idUKL6N0T50F720141115 7 November 2020 15 November 2014 reuters This is the 7th outbreak there, three of which occurred during the period of Zaire.December 2014 Democratic Republic of the Congo: The country that knows how to beat Ebola https://www.who.int/features/2014/drc-beats-ebola/en/ dead https://web.archive.org/web/20141212155820/http://www.who.int/features/2014/drc-beats-ebola/en/ December 12, 2014 26 February 2015 World Health Organization Epidemiology Index patient The outbreak was traced to a woman living in Ikanamongo Village in the remote northern Équateur province who fell ill after handling bushmeat. Despite treatment in a local clinic, the woman died on 11 August 2014. At the time of her death, her diagnosis was hemorrhagic fever of unknown etiology. Subsequent laboratory studies confirmed she had died of Ebola virus disease.26 August 2014 Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of Congo http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4263-ebola-virus-disease-drc.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140830004911/http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes/dpc/epidemic-a-pandemic-alert-and-response/outbreak-news/4263-ebola-virus-disease-drc.html August 30, 2014 27 August 2014 World Health Organization Response Medecins Sans Frontieres/Doctors without Borders (MSF) deployed a team of 50 staff to the area and opened two EVD treatment centers with a combined capacity of 50 beds. MSF, together with the country's Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization (WHO) worked to heighten public awareness and ensure that surveillance, contact tracing, and follow-up activities were carried out in order to limit the spread of the disease. There are no roads to the affected area, which made working conditions difficult.MSF treating Ebola in Equateur province despite difficult conditions http://www.msf.org/article/drc-msf-treating-ebola-equateur-province-despite-difficult-conditions live https://web.archive.org/web/20170118095144/http://www.msf.org/article/drc-msf-treating-ebola-equateur-province-despite-difficult-conditions 18 January 2017 8 October 2014 MSF Subsequent cases By 18 August, 13 people, including three health care workers, were reported to have died of Ebola-like symptoms in Équateur province, a province that lies about 1200 km on north of the capital Kinshasa. On 26 August, the Équateur Province Ministry of Health confirmed an outbreak of Ebola to the WHO. On 2 September, the WHO said that there were currently 31 deaths in the Northern Boende area in the province of Équateur and 53 confirmed, suspected or likely cases.2 September 2014 Ebola kills 31 in DRC, says WHO http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Ebola-kills-31-in-DRC-says-WHO-20140902 live https://web.archive.org/web/20140905060131/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Ebola-kills-31-in-DRC-says-WHO-20140902 5 September 2014 2 September 2014 News24 On 9 September, the WHO raised the number of cases to 62 and the death toll to 35 from possible or confirmed Ebola cases. Included in this number were 9 health-care workers with 7 deaths among them. In total, 386 contacts were listed and 239 contacts were being followed. The outbreak was still contained in Jeera county in the Boende region.10 September 2014 Ebola virus disease – Democratic Republic of Congo http://who.int/csr/don/2014_09_10_ebola/en/ dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140911194647/http://who.int/csr/don/2014_09_10_ebola/en/ September 11, 2014 11 September 2014 WHO As of 28 October, there had been 66 cases reported. In total, 49 deaths had been reported, including eight among health care workers. No new reported contacts were being followed and twenty days had passed since the last reported case tested negative for the second time and was discharged. It was stated that the DRC would therefore be declared free of Ebola disease 42 days after the date of the second negative test if no new cases were reported.31 October 2014 Situation Report http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137424/1/roadmapsitrep_31Oct2014_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1 live https://web.archive.org/web/20141102032006/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137424/1/roadmapsitrep_31Oct2014_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1 2 November 2014 1 November 2014 WHO The outbreak was declared over on 15 November 2014. Subsequent findings In October 2014, it was reported that more recent findings suggested that there may have been several previous cases. The woman's husband believed to have been the index case told an investigation team that shortly before she became ill, she had visited two women who later died from Ebola-like symptoms. Other village residents also told the team that all the pigs in the village had died just before the illness hit the village and they had eaten the pigs. According to the research team, "it was the third time, after 2007 and 2012, that widespread pig deaths had preceded Ebola outbreaks in humans in the DR Congo...and it has been established that the pigs that died in 2012 carried the Ebola virus." Pig to human transmission has never been proven in previous outbreaks, but villagers have been told to avoid eating them and the investigation is ongoing.23 October 2014 Ebola sleuths scour DR Congo jungle for source of outbreak https://news.yahoo.com/ebola-sleuths-scour-dr-congo-jungle-source-outbreak-060715032.html live https://web.archive.org/web/20210525182034/http://news.yahoo.com/ebola-sleuths-scour-dr-congo-jungle-source-outbreak-060715032.html 25 May 2021 23 October 2014 Yahoo News Virology thumb|300 px|Ebola virions Ebola virus disease Results from virus sequencing of samples from the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo have shown that the virus is the Zaire species in a lineage most closely related to a virus from the 1995 Ebola outbreak in Kikwit. The Zaire species of the virus is indigenous to the area. When the outbreak was first reported there were fears that an ongoing epidemic in West Africa may have spread to the DRC, however results from virus characterization, together with findings from the epidemiological investigation, showed that the outbreak in DRC is a distinct and independent event, with no relationship to the outbreak in West Africa. History of Ebola outbreaks in the DRC List of Ebola outbreaks thumb|left|Scientists wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) testing samples for the Ebola virus from animals collected in Zaire ~ 1995 Multiple documented outbreaks of Ebola virus disease have occurred in the DRC since 1976,15 May 2017 Ebola returns: What you need to know about the outbreak in the Congo http://www.newsweek.com/democratic-republic-congo-ebola-609143 live https://web.archive.org/web/20170515232142/http://www.newsweek.com/democratic-republic-congo-ebola-609143 15 May 2017 16 May 2017 Newsweek en which are summarised in the table below. The first case of Ebola disease ever recorded occurred in August 1976 in Yambuku, a small village in Mongala District in northern Democratic Republic of the Congo (then known as Zaire).Hewlett Barry https://books.google.com/books?id=aboFAAAAQBAJ&q=congo+yambuku&pg=PA103 Ebola, Culture and Politics: The Anthropology of an Emerging Disease Hewlett Bonnie 2007 Cengage Learning 978-1111797317 103 2014-07-31 The first victim of the disease was the village school headmaster, who had toured an area near the Central African Republic border along the Ebola river in mid-August. On 8 September, he died of what would become known as Ebola virus disease.Report of an International Commission 1978 Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976 http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/1978/Vol56-No2/bulletin_1978_56(2)_271-293.pdf dead Bull. World Health Organ. 56 2 271–93 2395567 307456 https://web.archive.org/web/20140808213715/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/1978/Vol56-No2/bulletin_1978_56%282%29_271-293.pdf 2014-08-08 2014-09-30 Subsequently, a number of other cases were reported, almost all centered on the Yambuku mission hospital or having close contact with other cases. A total of 318 cases and 280 deaths (an 88% fatality rate) resulted from this outbreak, which, along with an outbreak in Sudan that had begun a few weeks previously, were the first outbreaks of Ebola ever recorded.King JW 2008-04-02 Ebola Virus http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic626.htm live https://web.archive.org/web/20080928063653/http://www.emedicine.com/med/TOPIC626.HTM 2008-09-28 2008-10-06 eMedicine WebMD The virus responsible for the initial outbreak, named after the nearby Ebola river, was first thought to be Marburg virus but was later identified as a new type of virus related to Marburg.Ebola virus disease https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ live https://web.archive.org/web/20141214011751/https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/ 2014-12-14 2014-08-15 See also Viruses 2017 Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak 2018 Équateur province Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak 2018 Kivu Democratic Republic of the Congo Ebola virus outbreak References 30em Further reading Maganga Gaël D. Kapetshi Jimmy Berthet Nicolas Kebela Ilunga Benoît Kabange Felix Mbala Kingebeni Placide Mondonge Vital Muyembe Jean-Jacques T. Bertherat Eric Briand Sylvie Cabore Joseph Epelboin Alain Formenty Pierre Kobinger Gary Gary Kobinger González-Angulo Licé 27 November 2014 Ebola Virus Disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-03516027/file/nejmoa1411099.pdf New England Journal of Medicine 371 22 2083–2091 10.1056/NEJMoa1411099 0028-4793 25317743 96459830 Sylvie Briand Labouba Ingrid Manuguerra Jean-Claude Okwo-Bele Jean-Marie Dye Christopher Leroy Eric M. Ngatu Nlandu Roger Kayembe Ntumba Jean-Marie Phillips Elayne Kornblatt Okech-Ojony Joa Patou-Musumari Masika Gaspard-Kibukusa Mukunda Madone-Mandina Ndona Godefroid-Mayala Mabasi Mutaawe Lubogo Manzengo Casimir Roger-Wumba Dimosi Nojima Sayumi 2017 Epidemiology of ebolavirus disease (EVD) and occupational EVD in health care workers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Need for strengthened public health preparedness Journal of Epidemiology 27 10 455–461 10.1016/j.je.2016.09.010 5602796 28416172 disease External links ICTV Files and Discussions — Discussion forum and file distribution for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses https://web.archive.org/web/20111007192538/http://talk.ictvonline.org/default.aspx 2011-10-07 Genomic data on Ebola virus isolates and other members of the Filoviridae family Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever — CDC.gov The Ebola Virus 3D model of the Ebola virus, prepared by Visual Science, Moscow. ICTV Files and Discussions — Discussion forum and file distribution for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses https://web.archive.org/web/20111007192538/http://talk.ictvonline.org/default.aspx 2011-10-07 FILOVIR — scientific resources for research on filoviruses https://web.archive.org/web/20200730224033/http://www.filovir.com/ 2020-07-30 collapsed Category:2014 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category:2014 disease outbreaks Democratic Republic of the Congo Category:August 2014 in Africa Category:September 2014 in Africa Category:October 2014 in Africa Category:November 2014 in Africa