1641 Tabriz earthquake

Earthquake centered in northwestern Iran December 2024 1641 Tabriz earthquake yes 1641 02 05 y Iran 6.8 s y 9 37.9 46.1 inline,titleInternational Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology Part A, Volume 81A A List of Deadly Earthquakes in the World: 1500–2000 T. R. Utsu 2002 Academic Press First 978-0124406520 708 Iran, Tabriz 12,613–30,000 dead The 1641 Tabriz earthquake occurred on the night of 5 February in present-day East Azerbaijan province, Iran. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude of 6.8 and an epicenter between Lake Urmia and the city of Tabriz. It was one of the most destructive earthquakes in the region, killing as many as 30,000 people.https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/950 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 1972 NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 8 June 2022 200px|thumb|right|A sketch of the ruins of the Arg of Tabriz dated 1673 Tectonic setting Iran is situated on an active convergent boundary zone where the Arabian and Eurasian plates collide. The convergence occurs along the Zagros Mountains where it is accommodated by an active fold and thrust belt. The convergence is also accommodated within central Iran by strike-slip faults. At Tabriz, the rate of convergence is estimated to be about 20 mm/yr. The city is located near a triple junction of the Arabian, Anatolian and Eurasian plates. The oblique convergence results in continental collision beneath the Caucasus and right-lateral strike-slip tectonics around Tabriz. One of the most prominent fault is the North Tabriz Fault, a WNW–ESE-trending, 100 km fault. The fault produced devastating earthquakes in 1721, 1780, and 1786.Moradi Ali Siahkali Hatzfeld Denis Tatar Mohammad Microseismicity and seismotectonics of the North Tabriz fault (Iran) Tectonophysics 2011 506 1–4 22–30 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.04.008 Elsevier 2011Tectp.506...22M Earthquake The s 6.8 earthquake ruptured a fault structure located south of the North Tabriz Fault, however this fault did not rupture during the earthquake, and the region where the earthquake occurred is dominated by normal faults. However, there is evidence of active left-lateral strike-slip faulting present such as on the Osku River, where it has been laterally displaced to slip along a fault that crosses beneath the stream.Rahimzadeh Saeid Moshasha Yasamin Mirzaei Noorbakhsh Surface deformations attributed to the Dehkhwarghan-Tabriz earthquake fault zone 19th Iranian Geophysical Conference–November 2020 124–128 https://www.nigsconference.ir/article_4107.pdf 8 June 2022 8 June 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220608232058/https://www.nigsconference.ir/article_4107.pdf dead A possible source of the earthquake is along the Dehkhargan Fault (also known as the Azarshahr–Tabriz Fault), a left-lateral fault that runs along the northwestern base of the Sahand volcano. This northeast–southwest striking fault extends from the city of Osku to Azarshahr. Some rivers originating from the volcano have been laterally displaced by 200 m at where they cross the fault.Faridi Mohammad Burg Jean-Pierre Nazari Hamid Talebian M. Active faults pattern and interplay in the Azerbaijan region (NW Iran) Geotectonics 2017 51 4 428–437 10.1134/S0016852117040033 2017Geote..51..428F 134404085 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318853842 The fault's location corresponded with the area of greatest damage from the earthquake, a 40 km long, elongated northeast–southwest trending zone at the western base of Sahand. Based on the length of the damage zone, the fault is inferred to have a similar length. It comprises at least ten individual fault strands that cuts through conglomerate, volcano-sedimentary deposits, and Pliocene and Quaternary limestone. While it is a predominantly strike-slip fault, vertical displacements within the volcanoc landscape also indicate a small component of normal faulting.Rahimzadeh Saeid Mirzaei Noorbakhsh Moshasha Yasamin Evidence of active faulting in the Azarshahr-Tabriz fault zone of northwestern Iran Iranian Journal of Geophysics 2023 16 4 53–68 10.30499/ijg.2022.314034.1377 Damage Researchers Nicholas Ambraseys and Charles P. Melville reported that the earthquake occurred on a Friday night.https://books.google.com/books?id=1JkfKub5vakC&q=persian+earthquakes A History of Persian Earthquakes Ambraseys N.N. Melville C.P. Cambridge University Press 2005 9780521021876 49–51, 160 The communities of Khosrowshah, Osku and what is now present-day Azarshahr were completely devastated. Nearly all houses and public infrastructures, including historical monuments in Tabriz were razed to the ground. Many public baths and caravansaries were destroyed. A building in the city collapsed and buried many animals that were taking shelter from the winter season. Two important structures, the Masjid-i Ustad-Shagird and Arg of Tabriz suffered heavy damage. A large number of mosques experienced serious damage to their domes and minarets. The shock was also felt in Baghdad. On Sahand, a rockslide was triggered, destroying a village and killing many. Fissures appeared in the ground and erupted water. The earthquake was misdated to the years 1441, 1049, 1639, 1642, 1646, and 1651. Efforts to recover personal belongings and the dead continued for a month. Aftershocks were felt for six months. In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, many survivors resided outside the ruins of their homes. Some residents returned to their homes but were killed due to collapses during the aftershocks.Berberian Manuel Arshadi S. On the evidence of the youngest activity of the North Tabriz Fault and the seismicity of Tabriz City Geological Survey of Iran 39 397–418 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.2852&rep=rep1&type=pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20220608112222/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.467.2852&rep=rep1&type=pdf 8 June 2022 During the first two months after the earthquake, up to seven aftershocks were felt in a day.Melville Charles Historical Monuments and Earthquakes in Tabriz Iran 1981 19 159–177 10.2307/4299714 https://doi.org/10.2307/4299714 Taylor & Francis 4299714 subscription See also List of historical earthquakes List of earthquakes in Iran References Category:1640s earthquakes Category:1641 disasters Category:History of Tabriz Category:1641 in Asia Category:Earthquakes in Iran Category:History of East Azerbaijan province