2002 Sumatra earthquake

2002 earthquake in Indonesia 2002 Sumatra earthquake 2002-11-02 01:26:10 usp000bfuz 6121703 2 November 2002 08:26:10 WIB (UTC+7) Indonesia Sumatra w y 7.2–7.4l y 7.7 30 km mi 0 2.824 96.085 inline,title Simeulue, Indonesia Thrust 8 2 b 4.7 events on 18 & 30 October 28 ≥w 4.2 (as of 31/12/2002)Strongest: w 6.3 at 09:46 UTC on 2 November 3 fatalities, 65 injuries thumb The 2002 Sumatra earthquake occurred at 08:26:10 WIB (01:26 UTC) on 2 November.M 7.4 - 50 km NW of Sinabang, Indonesia 2002 usp000bfuz It had a magnitude of w y 7.2–7.4 with an epicenter just north of Simeulue island, and resulted in three fatalities. It is believed to be a foreshock of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, which had an epicenter about 60 km to the northwest. Tectonic setting thumb|left|165px|The Great Sumatran fault The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004, 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 1984, 2000 and 2002.Natawidjaja D. H. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Sieh K. Chlieh M. Galetzka J. Suwargadi B.W. Cheng H. Edwards R.L. Avouac J.-P. Ward S. N. amp 2006 Journal of Geophysical Research Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls 111 B06403 n/a http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf 10.1029/2005JB004025 2009-10-24 2006JGRB..111.6403N 10220/8480 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20091012210241/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/papers/P06e.pdf 2009-10-12 Earthquake The earthquake occurred as a result of shallow thrust faulting on the boundary between the subducting Australian Plate and the overriding Sunda Plate. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reported a magnitude of w y 7.5 before later revising it to 7.4. Geoscience Australia put the magnitude at l y 7.7,Earthquake off Indonesia's Sumatra injures 40 http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/545267 Reuters 2 November 2002 5 May 2025 15 November 2002 https://web.archive.org/web/20021115073407/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/545267 dead while the International Seismological Centre and the National Centers for Environmental Information said that the earthquake had a magnitude of w 7.2 and s y 7.6, respectively. It was preceded by two b 4.7 foreshocks to the north on 18 and 31 October, respectively.M 4.7 - 88 km NNW of Sinabang, Indonesia 2002 usp000bet2M 4.7 - 93 km NNW of Sinabang, Indonesia 2002 usp000bfqc Its offshore epicenter was located 7 km mi north-northeast of Simeulue Regency, and 50 km mi northwest of the town of Sinabang. A rupture area of 65 km mi x 75 km mi was estimated, extending southwest to Simeulue, with a maximum slip of 1.123 m ft near the hypocenter; up to 0.982 m ft of slip was recorded at Simeulue. The observed source time function gives a 20 second duration for the earthquake, with the greatest phase of seismic moment release occurring almost 10 seconds after initiation. A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) of VII-VIII (Very Strong-Severe) was estimated on Simeulue,EXPO-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ December 1, 2008 United States Geological Survey Version 2007-12 2 May 2025 VI (Strong) at Tapaktuan and V (Moderate) at Meulaboh and Singkil in Aceh Province. Following the mainshock, there were 28 aftershocks exceeding w 4.2 by the end of 2002,USGS Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=1.89212,94.68292&extent=3.75744,98.02277&range=search&timeZone=utc&search=%7B%22name%22:%22Search%20Results%22,%22params%22:%7B%22endtime%22:%222002-12-31T01:26:10.700Z%22,%22latitude%22:2.824,%22longitude%22:96.085,%22maxradiuskm%22:70,%22minmagnitude%22:4,%22starttime%22:%222002-10-12T01:26:10.700Z%22%7D%7D United States Geological Survey including a w 6.3 event at 09:46 UTC on 2 November,M 6.3 - 52 km N of Sinabang, Indonesia 2002 usp000bfwd which had a maximum MMI of VII. The rupture area of the 2002 earthquake lies at the boundary between the rupture areas of the 2004 and 2005 earthquakes, as determined by the uplift patterns of coral microatolls. From its proximity to the epicenter of the 2004 earthquake, it is regarded as a foreshock of that event.Biggs J. Robinson D.P. Dixon T.H. amp 2009 The 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0): seismology and geodesy Geophysical Journal International 176 3 657–669 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03990.x 2009GeoJI.176..657B free 1834/5910 free Microatolls around Simeulue show evidence of uplift as a result of the 2002 event, distinct from the uplift caused by the 2004 event.http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/submitted/Snu.pdf The Sunda megathrust: past, present and future Sieh K. Kerry Sieh 29 November 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100801095111/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~sieh/pubs_docs/submitted/Snu.pdf 1 August 2010 Waveforms from this earthquake have been used to model the propagation of Rayleigh waves during the 2004 earthquake, using an empirical Green's function analysis.Vallée M. 2007 Rupture Properties of the Giant Sumatra Earthquake Imaged by Empirical Green's Function Analysis Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 97 1A S103–S114 10.1785/0120050616 http://mahabghodss.net/NewBooks/www/web/digital/nashrieh/bssa/2007/january%201%202007-%2097%20issue%201a/S103.pdf 29 November 2010 2007BuSSA..97S.103V dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110723201958/http://mahabghodss.net/NewBooks/www/web/digital/nashrieh/bssa/2007/january%201%202007-%2097%20issue%201a/S103.pdf 23 July 2011 Damage and casualties The earthquake killed three people, injured 65 others and damaged 994 homes, dozens of shops, four government buildings and several roads, with all damage and casualties occurring on Simeulue Island, near the epicenter; the lack of roads on the island left many villages inaccessible.Homeless after mega Indonesia quake http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/11/02/quake.indonesia/index.html CNN News 2 November 2002 5 May 2025 6 April 2003 https://web.archive.org/web/20030406041112/http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/11/02/quake.indonesia/index.html dead Dozens of homes and shops were completely destroyed. Two of the injured were in critical condition.Indonesia hit by quake http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2390909.stm BBC News 2 November 2002 5 May 2025 See also List of earthquakes in 2002 List of earthquakes in Indonesia References ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1904–2018) https://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2022 International Seismological Centre Version 9.1 Significant Earthquake Database https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5656 National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA 10.7289/V5TD9V7K 1972 Data Set External links 6121703 Category:2002 disasters in Indonesia Category:Earthquakes in Sumatra Category:Earthquakes in Indonesia Sumatra Earthquake, 2002 Category:November 2002 in Indonesia Category:Aceh