1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake

Severe earthquake and tsunami near Papua New Guinea July 2018 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake 1998-07-17 08:49:13 usp0008rpa 1167076 Papua New Guinea July 17, 1998 6:49 pm 19 seconds 7.0 w y 30 km on -3.11 142.44 region:PG_type:event inline,title Dip-slip Papua New Guinea 8 15 m on 2,183–2,700 dead Thousands injured The 1998 Papua New Guinea earthquake occurred on July 17 with a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The event occurred on a reverse fault near the north coast region of Papua New Guinea, 25 km on from the coast near Aitape and caused a large submarine landslide which caused a tsunami that hit the coast, killing between at least 2,183 and 2,700 people and injuring thousands. Tectonic setting The island of New Guinea lies within the complex zone of collision between the Australian plate and the Pacific plate. Within this overall setting, the active tectonics of northern Papua New Guinea is dominated by the effects of continuing collision between the Huon–Finisterre island arc terrane with the edge of the Australian continental margin. The overall shortening is concentrated into two zones of thrust faulting, the Ramu–Markham fault zone, which forms the southwestern boundary of the Huon–Finisterre terrane, and the Highlands Thrust Belt, which lies further southwest and deforms the Australian margin.Abers G.A. McCaffrey R. 1994 Active arc-continent collision: Earthquakes, gravity anomalies, and fault kinematics in the Huon-Finisterre collision zone, Papua New Guinea https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248816208 Tectonics 13 2 227–245 10.1029/93TC02940 1994Tecto..13..227A The hanging wall of the Ramu–Markham thrust system is broken up by a series of strike-slip faults. The orientation of these faults, parallel to the direction of thrusting, suggests that they accommodate distortion of the Huon–Finisterre block. Most of the seismicity in northern Papua New Guinea is associated with the Ramu–Markham fault system, with a smaller number of earthquakes occurring on the strike-slip faults and on the Highlands Thrust Belt. Earthquake The earthquake struck off the coast of Papua New Guinea at 18:49 local time.Plate shift left no warning time AAP The Age July 23, 1998 9 It measured 7.0 and 7.1 on the moment magnitude and surface-wave magnitude scales, respectively.Kikuchi Masayuki Yamanaka Yoshiko Abe Katsuyuki Morita Yuichi Source rupture process of the Papua New Guinea earthquake of July 17, 1998 inferred from teleseismic body waves Earth, Planets and Space 1999 51 12 1319–1324 10.1186/BF03351605 free 1999EP&S...51.1319K An analysis of the aftershock distribution indicated that the mainshock occurred on a shallow-angle thrust fault dipping 19° towards the southwest. It is consistent with faulting at the boundary of the North Bismarck and Australian plates.Hurukawa Nobuo Tsuji Yoshinobu Waluyo Budi The 1998 Papua New Guinea Earthquake and its Fault Plane Estimated from Relocated Aftershocks Pure & Applied Geophysics 2003 160 10–11 1829–1841 10.1007/s00024-003-2408-y 2003PApGe.160.1829H Effects The earthquake consisted of a main shock and several aftershocks that were felt in several towns in the area around the epicenter. The main shock caused some minor damage to the 62-year-old church at the Sissano Mission, and was strong enough that many people in Malol, Arop, and Warapu left their houses because the shaking lasted for so long. Cracks in the ground formed in Arop and Warapu.The Aitape 1998 Tsunami: Reconstructing the Event from Interviews and Field Mapping http://nctr.pmel.noaa.gov/PNG/Upng/Davies020411/ H. L. Davies J. M. Davies R. C. B. Perembo W. Y. Lus Pure and Applied Geophysics 160 10 1895–1922 10.1007/s00024-003-2413-1 2003 2003PApGe.160.1895D 129431939 subscription thumb|Computer modelling of the earthquake and resulting landslide A few minutes after the earthquake, many residents reported hearing a loud clap as the tsunami approached the shoreline. The tsunami resulted in at least 2,200 people being killed, thousands being injured, about 9,500 homeless and about 500 missing.https://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/1998/eq_980717/ Magnitude 7.1 Near North Coast of New Guinea, P.N.G. 1998 July 17 08:49:13 UTC United States Geological Survey April 18, 2007 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20070915181753/http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/1998/eq_980717/ September 15, 2007 The maximum height of the waves was estimated at being 15 m (49 ft) high with an average height of 10.5 m (34 ft).The Aitape PNG Earthquake/Tsunami http://www.ga.gov.au/urban/factsheets/tsunami_png.jsp Geoscience Australia April 2, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070503052132/http://www.ga.gov.au/urban/factsheets/tsunami_png.jsp May 3, 2007 dead The area worst hit was a 30 km on coastal strip running north-west from Aitape to the village of Sissano. Several villages in the path of the tsunami were completely destroyed and others extensively damaged. The tsunami wave uprooted entire buildings and transported their foundations 50 - 60 m on from their original location The village of Arop was situated on a narrow spit between the coast and Sissano Lagoon. It was directly in the path of the tsunami and was worst hit. Response Immediately after the tsunami, the Royal Australian Air Force flew in three Lockheed C-130 Hercules transport planes with relief supplies.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/135681.stm Tidal wave kills 'thousands' BBC News July 20, 1998 April 2, 2007 In the days following more relief was flown in and a field hospital was set up in the neighbouring town of Vanimo. The amount of injury and illness due to the tsunami overwhelmed the makeshift hospitals, leaving many victims with wounds that were untreated for several days and led to gangrene.Sebastian's Story: Fighting to save Tsunami Survivors July 23, 1998 http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/asiapcf/9807/23/png.sebastian/ CNN Rotting dead bodies that remained in the lagoon spread diseases and the government sealed off the entire area. After the makeshift hospital in Vanimo was dismantled, the sick people became worse as the nearest hospital was over a day's walk away. Several villages moved their buildings slightly further back from the sea when they eventually rebuilt.Tidal devastation: One year on BBC News July 16, 1999 Scientists from the University of Papua New Guinea initiated a public awareness program for the residents of the coastal area affected by the tsunami, to tell them that scientific models have concluded that the geology of the surrounding area causes the destructive waves to focus their energy on that area, making it a very dangerous place to live. The scientists also recommended that the Papua New Guinea government improve the escape routes for the villages and improve the tsunami warning system.Learning from the Aitape Tsunami The country does not have a communications plan put in place, according to the UN Development Project's country report on Disaster Management.http://www.undp.org.pg/docs/publications/DM%20Country%20Report.pdf Independent State of Papua New Guinea May 8, 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130601014128/http://www.undp.org.pg/docs/publications/DM%20Country%20Report.pdf June 1, 2013 Emergency & Disaster Management And Disaster Risk Reduction in Papua New Guinea "National Disaster Center, Papua New Guinea" Retrieved December 20, 2013 According to the National Research institute, there are still no roads to the villages of Arop and Warapu. Also, the Sepik highway that connects to Aitape does not connect with Vanimo.Sandaun Province "Cross Pillar Report" https://web.archive.org/web/20131103235643/http://www.nri.org.pg/research_divisions/cross_divisional_projects/14Sandaun%20Province.pdf November 3, 2013 Retrieved December 20, 2013 See also 1888 Ritter Island eruption and tsunami List of earthquakes in 1998 List of earthquakes in Papua New Guinea References EXPO-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ December 1, 2008 United States Geological Survey Version 2007-12 ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/index.php ISC 2015 International Seismological Centre Version 2.0 Source rupture process of the Papua New Guinea earthquake of July 17, 1998 inferred from teleseismic body waves M. Kikuchi Y. Yamanaka K. Abe Y. Morita 1999 Earth, Planets and Space 51 12 1319 10.1186/bf03351605 1999EP&S...51.1319K 54643064 free PAGER-CAT Earthquake Catalog https://earthquake.usgs.gov/static/lfs/data/pager/catalogs/ September 4, 2009 United States Geological Survey Version 2008_06.1 Sources https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/itst.html Preliminary Analysis of Sedimentary Deposits from the 1998 Papua New Guinea (PNG) Tsunami United States Geological Survey April 18, 2007 https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/PNGhome.html Descriptive Model of the July 17, 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami United States Geological Survey April 18, 2007 https://web.archive.org/web/20070412054046/http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/PNGhome.html April 12, 2007 live http://www.tsunami.civil.tohoku.ac.jp/hokusai2/topics/tsunami-news/PNG/PNG-pre/pre-rprt1.html Preliminary Report On The Tsunami Caused By Sissano Earthquake At, West Sepik, PNG On 17 July 1998 International Tsunami Survey Team September 1998 April 17, 2007 September 1, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200901021942/http://www.tsunami.civil.tohoku.ac.jp/hokusai2/topics/tsunami-news/PNG/PNG-pre/pre-rprt1.html dead Synolakis C. E. Bardet J-P Borrero J. C. Davies H. L. Okal E. A. Silver E. A. Sweet S. Tappin D. R. The slump origin of the 1998 Papua New Guinea Tsunami Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 458 2020 2002 1364-5021 10.1098/rspa.2001.0915 763–789 3067390 2002RSPSA.458..763S 128715334 External links The Earthquake and Tsunami of 17 July 1998 in Papua-New Guinea (PNG) – George Pararas-Carayannis Albright brings news of more aid to wave-hit Papua New Guinea – CNN 1167076 The Impact of the 1998 Aitape Tsunami at Jayapura, Indonesia Papua New Guinea, 1998 Papua New Guinea Category:Earthquakes in Papua New Guinea Category:July 1998 in Oceania Category:Tsunamis in Papua New Guinea Category:Tsunamis in New Zealand Category:1998 disasters in Papua New Guinea