1914 Spanish general election

none 1914 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1910 Spanish general election 1910 1916 Spanish general election 1916 All 408 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate205 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 8 March 1914 (Congress)"1Mar" Congress candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law were proclaimed on 1 March 1914.1 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=cf93e519-63fe-4ec2-aae3-a5fdb0dca1ca&page=2 Las próximas elecciones. Proclamación de candidatos es National Library of Spain La Tribuna 20 August 20251 January 1915 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=19e6fd6e-4f28-463b-9495-8e53d5d3c1f8&page=89 Marzo de 1914. Día 1. Elecciones de Diputados a Cortes. Diputados proclamados por el art. 29 es National Library of Spain El Año Político 25 February 202322 March 1914 (Senate) 170x170px Eduardo Dato Conservative Party (Spain) 1913 Vitoria 109 D Congress of Deputies46 S Senate 225 D Congress of Deputies95 S Senate 10px 116 D Congress of Deputies10px 49 S Senate 170x170px Count of Romanones Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 1912 Guadalajara 224 D Congress of Deputies104 S SenateResults for PDM–PL in the 1910 election. 84 D Congress of Deputies41 S Senate 10px 140 D Congress of Deputies10px 63 S Senate 170x170px Marquis of Alhucemas Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1913) 1913 Ponferrada Did not contest 33 D Congress of Deputies12 S Senate 10px 33 D Congress of Deputies10px 12 S Senate 170x170px Enric Prat de la Riba Regionalist 1902 Did not run 8 D Congress of Deputies5 S Senate 13 D Congress of Deputies6 S Senate 10px 5 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px Melquíades Álvarez Reformist Party (Spain) 1912 Castropol Did not contest 12 D Congress of Deputies3 S Senate 10px 12 D Congress of Deputies10px 3 S Senate 170x170px Roberto Castrovido Republican–Socialist Conjunction 1914 Madrid 18 D Congress of Deputies3 S SenateResults for UR (14 deputies and 2 senators), PRF (3 deputies and 1 senator) and PSOE (1 deputy and 0 senators) in the 1910 election. 12 D Congress of Deputies2 S Senate 10px 6 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Eduardo Dato Conservative Party (Spain) Eduardo Dato Conservative Party (Spain) A general election was held in Spain on 8 March 1914 (for the Congress of Deputies),"1Mar" and on 22 March 1914 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 15th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 408 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The informal es turno system—which had allowed the country's two main parties, the Conservatives and the Liberals, to alternate in power by determining election outcomes in advance through caciquism and electoral fraud—broke down following Antonio Maura's downfall in 1909, as the latter had come to see the Liberal rise to power as the liquidation of the Pact of El Pardo. The government of Prime Minister José Canalejas attempted to enforce a liberal democratic regenerationism to curb the country's problems, seeing the abolition of consumption taxes, the introduction of compulsory military service, laws addressing the social question, the legal groundwork for the establishment of the Commonwealth of Catalonia in order to placate rising Catalan regionalism and the establishment of a Spanish protectorate in Morocco. But his assassination before he could fully realize his agenda (such as fulfilling the separation of church and state or the rebuilding of the es turno with the Conservatives) plunged his plans—and his party—into chaos. King Alfonso XIII entrusted the Count of Romanones with the formation of a new cabinet, but an internal crisis over the leadership of the Liberal Party prompted supporters of the Marquis of Alhucemas to split into the Liberal Democratic Party. As a result, Romanones's government fell in October 1913 after being defeated in a vote of confidence. Maura rejected the King's mandate to continue the es turno, leading to the appointment of Eduardo Dato as prime minister instead. This fragmented the Conservative Party into the Maurists (followers of Maura's doctrine), the "suitable ones" (defenders of the es turno system) and the Ciervists (who advocated for Conservative unity of action without affiliating themselves with either faction). The election saw the Conservative bloc winning a majority of seats in both chambers, but internal infighting between the Maurist and Datist factions would leave the government in an unstable minority position. The Liberals ran divided between the supporters of Romanones and the liberal-democratic faction of the Marquis of Alhucemas. The Republican–Socialist Conjunction had been weakened by the departures of both the Reformist Party of Melquíades Álvarez (representing a moderate republicanism) and Alejandro Lerroux's Radical Republican Party. Background The Restoration system had entered a phase of decline following the national trauma from the Spanish–American War (the "1898 disaster") and the absence of politically authoritative figureheads since the deaths of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1897) and Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1903),Dendle 1986 34 weakening the internal unity of both dynastic parties and strengthening the position of faction leaders and local es caciques as power brokers.Fernández Almagro 1943 415Martorell Linares 1997 144 Concurrently, the anti-monarchist opposition became increasingly competitive in urban and some rural districts, partly due to the introduction of universal suffrage since 1890, partly due to the progressive weakening of the pro-government electoral apparatus.Martorell Linares 1997 144–145Montagut Eduardo 24 March 2016 El republicanismo durante la Restauración borbónica https://www.eduardomontagut.es/mis-articulos/historia/item/422-el-republicanismo-durante-la-restauraci%C3%B3n-borb%C3%B3nica.html es Eduardo Montagut 24 August 2025Serrano Lahoz 2020 32 thumb|left|alt=Representatives from the French and Spanish governments signing the Treaty Between France and Spain Regarding Morocco in 1912|The Franco–Spanish Treaty of 1912 brought about the Spanish protectorate in Morocco. The 1909–1910 government crisis had seen both the fall of the Conservative government of Antonio Maura by political pressure from the Liberals under Segismundo Moret, and the latter losing the support of the various factions within his party and being replaced by José Canalejas.Martorell Linares 1997 145Montagut Eduardo 11 May 2017 La crisis de 1909 y el gobierno de Canalejas https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/historia/crisis-1909-gobierno-canalejas/20170511162023139682.html es Nueva Tribuna 24 August 2025 As prime minister, Canalejas attempted to enforce his own vision of regenerationism (a "democratic regeneration") to "nationalize" the monarchy and address the country's problems, which at the time included: growing tensions within the armed forces, Church–State relations, the Moroccan and social questions—with an increase in strike action and the emergence of the National Confederation of Labour (CNT), seeing episodes such as the Cullera events—and rising Catalan regionalism.Aguilar Gavilán 2012 85Ruiz Franco 2024 1 This period saw the implementation of various reforms, such as the abolition of consumption taxes, the introduction compulsory military servicet, or a more appropriate regulation of women's working conditions (the "Law of the Chair" or es ley de la silla).Ruiz Franco 2024 1Aguilar Gavilán 2012 84Mikue Agripina 24 October 2023 ¿Es legal trabajar 8 horas sin sentarse? Qué es la «Ley de la Silla» y cómo se regula en España https://www.newtral.es/ley-de-la-silla/20231024/ es Newtral 24 August 2025 Canalejas's aim to curb the Catholic Church's influence over public education resulted in a temporary rupture of relations with the Holy See, as well as a media campaign accusing Canalejas of fostering anti-clericalism.Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: José Canalejas Méndez. Retrieved 19 August 2025 Discreet negotiations saw the approval of the Padlock Law (es ley del candado) in December 1910, which restricted the establishment of new religious orders during the next two years.Ruiz Franco 2024 1Aguilar Gavilán 2012 83–84 His government also laid the legal foundations for the creation of commonwealths of provinces with limited powers in an attempt to placate the ambitions of the Regionalist League, paving the way for the Commonwealth of Catalonia in 1914.Aguilar Gavilán 2012 85Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: José Canalejas Méndez. Retrieved 19 August 2025 Canalejas refrained from intervening in the 5 October 1910 revolution that overthrew the Portuguese monarchy, but had to tackle its repercussions during the pro-republican mutiny aboard the ironclad Numancia in August 1911.Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: José Canalejas Méndez. Retrieved 19 August 2025Aguilar Gavilán 2012 85–86 The successful Kert campaign helped bring about the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, with the signing of the Franco–Spanish Treaty of 1912.Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 125Aguilar Gavilán 2012 86 Canalejas also attempted to rebuild the es turno system through a conciliatory stance towards the Conservatives.Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: José Canalejas Méndez. Retrieved 19 August 2025 Their leader, Maura, had come to see the Pact of El Pardo as liquidated following his fall from power in 1909, declaring an "implacable hostility" to the Liberals in power—equivalent to the official severance of solidarity ties between the two dynastic parties and a renounce to the power alternation—as long as they did not publicly retract their actions of the previous biennium.Soldevilla 1910 413–417Martorell Linares 1997 146Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: Eduardo Dato Iradier. Retrieved 19 August 2025 In the ensuing years, the Conservatives would divide among those adhering to Maura's political doctrine against the es turno (the Maurist faction or es mauristas), and those advocating for continuity out of loyalty to the monarchy and a desire not to be excluded from power (who would become known as the es idóneos or "suitable ones").Martorell Linares 1997 146Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: Eduardo Dato Iradier. Retrieved 19 August 2025 thumb|alt=Body of the assassinated prime minister of Spain, José Canalejas, at the Ministry of Governance|The assassination of José Canalejas in 1912 left the Liberal Party without a solid leadership. The assassination of Canalejas in November 1912 put an end to his agenda and plunged his party into chaos.Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 125Ruiz Franco 2024 2 King Alfonso XIII's initial decision to appoint the president of the Congress of Deputies, the Count of Romanones, as prime minister, was met with outrage by Maura—deepening his disaffection with the "failed" es turno—as well as by supporters of minister of state under Canalejas, the Marquis of Alhucemas, who also aspired to the Liberal leadership.Royal Academy of History 2022 Sainz de Vicuña y García-Prieto, Manuel. Personajes: Manuel García Prieto. Retrieved 19 August 2025Royal Academy of History 2022 Moreno Luzón, Javier. Personajes: Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres. Retrieved 19 August 2025 The Alhucemas–Romanones feud and the leadership crisis within the Liberal Party, coupled with the debate on the Law of Commonwealths, brought about the former's split into the Liberal Democratic Party in the summer of 1913 and the latter's downfall in a Senate vote of confidence on 25 October.Martorell Linares 1997 146Royal Academy of History 2022 Sainz de Vicuña y García-Prieto, Manuel. Personajes: Manuel García Prieto. Retrieved 19 August 2025Royal Academy of History 2022 Moreno Luzón, Javier. Personajes: Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres. Retrieved 19 August 2025Soldevilla 1914 304–309 & 449–454 Maura's refusal to accept the King's mandate and maintain the es turno caused a schism within the Conservative Party between "maurists" and "suitable ones", leading Alfonso XIII to hand over power to the "suitable" Eduardo Dato.Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: Eduardo Dato Iradier. Retrieved 19 August 2025Soldevilla 1914 462–470 & 485–488Fayanás Escuer Edmundo 31 January 2025 La política española de los años 1913 al año 1917 https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/cultura---ocio/historia-politica-espanola-anos-1913-1917-socialismo/20250131192203234945.html es Nueva Tribuna 19 August 2025 A third Conservative faction led by Juan de la Cierva—governance minister under Maura—supported restoring unity of action between es idóneos and es mauristas, without affiliating itself to either.Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Juan de la Cierva y Peñafiel. Retrieved 19 August 2025 Within the republican opposition, the Reformist Party was formed in 1912 by Melquíades Álvarez, Gumersindo de Azcárate and Benito Pérez Galdós, representing a moderate, accidentalist and democratic republicanism.Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 125Serrano Lahoz 2020 40–41 Concurrently, disagreements with Alejandro Lerroux's Radical Republican Party led to its departure from the Republican–Socialist Conjunction.Serrano Lahoz 2020 42 Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 8 May 1910 for the Congress and on 22 May 1910 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 8 and 22 May 1915, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 2 January and 13 February 1914, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 8 March (Congress) and 22 March 1914 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 2 April.Royal Decree of 2 January 1914 single art; Royal Decree of 13 February 1914 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty. It was compulsory, excepting those over 70, the clergy and—within their territories—trial judges and public notaries.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 1–3.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90García Muñoz 2002 107–108Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 8 August 1907 art. 3. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing ten seats or more could choose up to four candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between eight and ten seats, up to three less; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 20–21.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89–92 Candidates in uncontested seats were automatically elected.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 29.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90–91Uncontested districts were those where the number of candidates was equal to or fewer than the available seats. Whenever vacancies remained, a by-election was held to fill the remaining seats. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 310 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 28, electing 98 seats) was entitled the following seats:Law of 8 August 1907 add. arts. 2–3 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3, and Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1; am. amended by Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, Law of 10 July 1888, Law of 18 June 1895, Law of 2 August 1895, Law of 5 July 1898, Law of 7 August 1899, Law of 24 March 1902, and Law of 11 July 1912). Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 7 Barcelona 5 Palma, Seville 4 Cartagena 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Gran Canaria, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santander, Tarragona, Tenerife, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31 & 53; Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 arts. 1–2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 55–58. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 3–7. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. Servants in the judiciary or the prosecution ministry. Additionally, candidates were required to either have previously served as deputies or be nominated by two current or former senators (or same-province deputies); three current or former provincial deputies (from the same province); or at least one twentieth of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from nominating more than one candidate (except in multi-member constituencies, which used the same partial block voting system for nominations as for elections).Law of 8 August 1907 art. 24. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.). The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 8 March 1914 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % A.29 Candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law. Cont. Candidates elected in contested districts. Total Conservative Party (PC) 48 177 225 Liberal Party (PL) 22 62 84 Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) 12 21 33 Regionalist League (LR) 1 12 13 Reformist Party (PRef) 3 9 12 Republican–Socialist Conjunction (CRS) 1 11 12 Republican Coalition (PRR–UFNR) 1 10 11 Jaimist–Integrist Coalition (CT–PI) 2 6 8 Social Defence Committee (CDS) 0 1 1 Autonomist Republican Union Party (PURA) 0 1 1 Independents (INDEP) 3 5 8 Total 93 315 408 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters Sources"1Mar"9 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=f9ccbb69-20ee-4f04-801e-27e443e27295&page=2 Las elecciones de ayer es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 26 February 20239 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=8dc58a34-72ea-49f1-a866-f4fbee769d0a&page=3 Los escrutinios es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 26 February 202310 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=ff05cb0e-da4f-491e-93da-7fe9baf8a7a7&page=2 Datos oficiales es National Library of Spain El Liberal 26 February 202310 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=60473097-65b4-40f6-b982-d8b24fcff35d&page=3 El resultado de las elecciones es National Library of Spain La Mañana 26 February 202310 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=be8f72c8-6566-4671-9d69-1611dff3f4be Después de las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 26 February 202310 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=91807e84-a1d0-4683-958d-234e8e104569 Los nuevos diputados es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia Militar 26 February 202310 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=b00333c1-454c-44e4-895c-cd5469ad4efe Después del escrutinio. Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Globo 26 February 202310 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=e5cab040-09d0-4852-8f8e-9793666b488e El futuro Congreso. Después de las elecciones es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 26 February 202311 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=edbade3b-6e85-4677-9c9d-8f96628b77c5 El futuro Congreso es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 26 February 20231 January 1915 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=19e6fd6e-4f28-463b-9495-8e53d5d3c1f8&page=109 Marzo de 1914. Día 8. Elecciones generales de Diputados a Cortes es National Library of Spain El Año Político 25 February 2023List of Maurist deputies and senators: 20 June 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=e2dce56e-dccf-495f-a0d3-9c4464a158ef&page=4 Senadores y diputados mauristas es National Library of Spain La Tribuna 20 August 2025 22 June 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=4321a8f3-4351-456c-b517-e80b6f9b11c6 Los que siguen a Maura es National Library of Spain El Nacional 20 August 2025 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PC Conservative Party (Spain) 55.15 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 20.59 PLD Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1913) 8.09 LR Regionalist League 3.19 PRef Reformist Party (Spain) 2.94 CRS Republican–Socialist Conjunction 2.94 PRR–UFNR Republican Coalition (Spain, 1914) 2.70 CT–PI Traditionalist Communion 1.96 CDS Social Defence Committee 0.25 PURA Autonomist Republican Union Party 0.25 INDEP Independent politician 1.96 Senate + ← Summary of the 22 March 1914 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Conservative Party (PC) 95 Liberal Party (PL) 41 Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) 12 Regionalist League (LR) 6 Jaimist–Integrist Coalition (CT–PI) 4 Reformist Party (PRef) 3 Republican–Socialist Conjunction (CRS) 2 Republican Coalition (PRR–UFNR) 1 Social Defence Committee (CDS) 1 Independents (INDEP) 6 Archbishops (ARCH) 9 Total elective seats 180 Sources23 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=42ec8a50-367d-4acd-8959-2f59b95b55dc La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 9 March 202323 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=e1aa33dd-ba88-4f2e-8239-582d1ad96bb2&page=2 Datos oficiales es National Library of Spain El Liberal 9 March 202323 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=e1aa33dd-ba88-4f2e-8239-582d1ad96bb2&page=2 Después de la elección es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 9 March 202323 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=f1d34cbb-0a20-4617-8fa4-5f7667a79631&page=3 Elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El País 9 March 202323 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=d20a31ba-1014-4504-84e3-a4a57bbb1693 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia Militar 9 March 202323 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=8bc8208c-0938-4e6d-8ddb-953caf6290c1 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Globo 9 March 202323 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=3f6074aa-8ede-449e-a8dd-a96f54f0764d Resultado de la elección de senadores es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 9 March 202323 March 1914 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=f625f81d-c69f-44c9-9dc4-aeef14dcb64d&page=2 Las elecciones de senadores es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 9 March 20231 January 1915 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=19e6fd6e-4f28-463b-9495-8e53d5d3c1f8&page=141 Marzo de 1914. Día 22. Elecciones de Senadores es National Library of Spain El Año Político 9 March 2023 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PC Conservative Party (Spain) 52.78 PL Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) 22.78 PLD Liberal Democratic Party (Spain, 1913) 6.67 LR Regionalist League 3.33 CT–PI Traditionalist Communion 2.22 PRef Reformist Party (Spain) 1.67 CRS Republican–Socialist Conjunction 1.11 PRR–UFNR Republican Coalition (Spain, 1914) 0.56 CDS Social Defence Committee 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 3.33 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.00 Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 15th Restoration Cortes (1914–1916) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PC Conservative Party (PC) 190 78 320 Maurist Conservatives (CM) 25 14 Ciervist Conservatives (CC) 9 2 Monarchist Coalition (MON) 1 0 Agrarian League (LA) 0 1 PL Liberal Party (PL) 83 41 125 Monarchist Coalition (MON) 1 0 PLD Liberal Democratic Party (PLD) 33 12 45 LR Regionalist League (LR) 13 6 19 PRef Reformist Party (PRef) 12 3 15 CRS Republican Party (PRep) 10 2 14 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1 0 Independent Republicans (R.IND) 1 0 PRR–UFNR Republican Nationalist Federal Union (UFNR) 6 1 12 Radical Republican Party (PRR) 5 0 CT–PI Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 5 2 12 Integrist Party (PI) 3 2 CDS Monarchist Coalition (MON) 1 1 2 PURA Autonomist Republican Union Party (PURA) 1 0 1 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 4 3 14 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 3 Independent Catholics (CAT) 2 0 Independent Liberals (L.IND) 1 0 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 9 9 Total 408 180 588 Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Ley disponiendo que las primeras y sucesivas elecciones que se verifiquen en la provincia de Zamora se dividirá en siete distritos en la forma que se expresa Law 18 June 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/170/A01001-01001.pdf 14 August 2025 Law of 18 June 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral de las provincias de León y Vizcaya Law 2 August 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/216/A00457-00458.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 2 August 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral en las provincias de Sevilla y de Barcelona Law 5 July 1898 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1898/190/A00140-00140.pdf 22 September 2022 Law of 5 July 1898 y Real decreto disponiendo el número de Senadores que han de elegir las provincias que se citan Royal Decree 16 March 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/076/A01021-01021.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 y Ley mandando que en lo sucesivo sean cuatro los Diputados a Cortes que elegirá la circunscripción electoral de Cartagena Law 7 August 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/222/A00517-00517.pdf 10 October 2022 Law of 7 August 1899 y Ley estableciendo una circunscripción para elegir tres Diputados a Cortes, que la constituirán los cuatro partidos judiciales de Ayamonte, Hueva, Moguer y la Palma, con todas las poblaciones que de ellos forman parte Law 24 March 1902 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/086/A01315-01315.pdf 30 October 2022 Law of 24 March 1902 y Ley reformando la Electoral vigente Law 8 August 1907 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1907/222/A00584-00592.pdf 28 November 2022 Law of 8 August 1907 y Ley disponiendo que el territorio de la Nación española que constituye el Archipiélago canario, cuya capitalidad reside en Santa Cruz de Tenerife, conserve su unidad, ateniéndose los servicios públicos en el modo y forma que se determina en esta ley Law 11 July 1912 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1912/195/A00105-00107.pdf 29 November 2022 Law of 11 July 1912 y Real decreto declarando disuelto el Congreso de los Diputados Royal Decree 2 January 1914 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1914/003/A00030-00030.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 2 January 1914 y Real decreto declarando disuelta la parte electiva del Senado; que las Cortes se reunan en Madrid el día 2 de Abril próximo, y que las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes se verifiquen en todas las provincias el día 8 de Marzo del año actual y las de Senadores el día 22 de dicho mes Royal Decree 13 February 1914 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1914/046/A00417-00417.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 13 February 1914 Other 30em Soldevilla Fernando 1910 El Año Político 1909 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=01e71445-3351-4c9d-a633-249f394440eb&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 22 August 2025 Soldevilla Fernando 1914 El Año Político 1913 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=617af487-6b24-4efa-917f-79f5a827824f&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 25 August 2025 Fernández Almagro Melchor 1943 Las Cortes del siglo XIX y la práctica electoral https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2022-01/6973rep009-010430.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 9–10 383–419 0048-7694 16 December 2020 Dendle Brian John Galdós in context: The Republican Years, 1907-1914 https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/galdos-in-context-the-republican-years-1907-1914/ Alicante Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library Anales Galdosianos 21 1986 33–44 0569-9924 Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. El Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1931) https://books.google.com/books?id=U_RL9S5uSF8C&pg=PA121 es 2 Bilbao Ediciones KAL 121–132 9788470903502 Armengol i Segú Josep Varela Ortega José 2001 El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923) https://books.google.com/books?id=QY99T3Mg5ykC es Madrid Marcial Pons 655–776 9788425911521 none García Muñoz Montserrat 2002 La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RGID/article/view/RGID0202120093A es Revista General de Información y Documentación 12 1 93–137 1132-1873 13 September 2020 Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Aguilar Gavilán Enrique 2012 El asesinato de José Canalejas y su proyecto frustrado de nacionalización de la Monarquía https://helvia.uco.es/bitstream/handle/10396/10968/Ambitos_%2028_08.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Córdoba University of Córdoba es Ámbitos. Revista de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 28 79–86 1575-2100 24 August 2025 Martínez Relanzón Alejandro Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923 https://journals.umcs.pl/k/article/view/4152/5068 Madrid Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio K 24 1 2017 10.17951/k.2017.24.1.145 145–154 159328027 free Royal Academy of History https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/ Historia Hispánica 2022 es Historia Hispánica Serrano Lahoz Manuel Los partidos republicanos durante la Restauración (1874-1931) https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/94607/files/TAZ-TFG-2020-2563.pdf BA 2020 es University of Zaragoza 24 August 2025 Ruiz Franco Rosario Historia Contemporánea de España. Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1923). El gobierno de Canalejas y el regeneracionismo liberal https://ocw.uc3m.es/pluginfile.php/6928/mod_page/content/22/T3_Gobierno-Canalejas-regeneracionismo-liberal.pdf 2024 es Charles III University of Madrid 19 August 2025 Category:1914 elections in Spain 1914 Category:March 1914 in Europe