2015 Southeast Asian haze

Smoke haze over the Southeast Asia region October 2015 April 2016 Southeast Asian haze frameless|upright=1.273 A collage showing various landmarks in the haze. A collage showing various landmarks in the haze. Top: An-Nur Great Mosque, Pekanbaru, IndonesiaBottom-left: Darussalam Grand Mosque Palangkaraya, IndonesiaBottom-right: Swissôtel The Stamford, Singapore 28 June 2015 – 29 October 2015 BruneiCambodia (suspected)Indonesia (origin)MalaysiaPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam State of emergency declared in six Indonesian provincesSchool closures in Indonesia, Malaysia and SingaporeSwimming World Cup disruptedKuala Lumpur Marathon cancelledSultan of Selangor's Cup cancelled Indonesia: 19 died due to respiratory infections. 10 people killed due to smog from forest and land fireshttp://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/10/24/haze-kills-10-people-leaves-503874-with-respiratory-ailments-agency.html Haze kills 10 people, leaves 503,874 with respiratory ailments: Agencyhttp://news.liputan6.com/read/2317496/tewas-akibat-tercekik-asap Tewas Akibat 'Tercekik' Asap id Bangun Santoso Liputan 6 14 September 2015 14 September 2015http://video.metrotvnews.com/play/2015/10/04/437506/ini-daftar-korban-tewas-akibat-kabut-asap Ini Daftar Korban Tewas Akibat Kabut Asap AMS id video 10:24 Metro TV News 4 October 2015 6 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151006071337/http://video.metrotvnews.com/play/2015/10/04/437506/ini-daftar-korban-tewas-akibat-kabut-asap 6 October 2015 dead Dozens reported dead in road accidents due to poor visibility.http://news.okezone.com/read/2015/09/18/340/1217052/gara-gara-kabut-asap-biker-tewas-tabrak-mobil-pemadam Gara-Gara Kabut Asap, Biker Tewas Tabrak Mobil Pemadam id Banda Haruddin Tanjung Okezone 18 September 2015 18 September 2015http://www.balikpapanpos.co.id/berita/detail/173903-akibat-kabut-asap-dua-tewas.html Akibat Kabut Asap, Dua Tewas (Laka Tunggal, Tabrak Tiang Listrik) id Balikpapan Pos 29 September 2015 29 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151008165216/http://www.balikpapanpos.co.id/berita/detail/173903-akibat-kabut-asap-dua-tewas.html 8 October 2015 usurped dmy-all Indonesia: 503,874 (by 23 October 2015) $35-47 billion (2015 USD) The 2015 Southeast Asian haze was an air pollution crisis affecting several countries in Southeast Asia, including Brunei, Indonesia (especially its islands of Sumatra and Borneo), Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and the Philippines. The haze affected Indonesia from at least late June,Haze envelopes parts of Riau province in Indonesia http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/haze-envelopes-parts-of-riau-province-in-indonesia The Straits Times 11 October 2015 30 June 2015 to the end of October, turning into an international problem for other countries in September. It was the latest occurrence of the Southeast Asian haze, a long-term issue that occurs in varying intensity during every dry season in the region. Why is South-East Asia's annual haze so hard to deal with? https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2013/07/economist-explains-3 The Economist 7 July 2013 It was caused by forest fires resulting from slash-and-burn practices, principally on the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan, which then spread quickly in the dry season. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-23026219 South-East Asia haze: What is slash-and-burn? BBC 24 June 2013 25 September 2015 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34242311 Haze chokes Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore BBC 15 September 2015 25 September 2015 http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/riau-declares-emergency-as-haze-worsens Image of Asia: Wildfires in Indonesia Spread Haze The Associated Press The Straits Times 3 September 2015 14 September 2015 http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/10/west-kalimantan-high-smog-alert.html West Kalimantan on high smog alert Severianus Endi The Jakarta Post 10 September 2015 16 September 2015 http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/09/11/055699639/1500-Soldiers-Deployed-to-Fight-Forest-Fires-in-South-Kalimantan 1,500 Soldiers Deployed to Fight Forest Fires in South Kalimantan Tempo 11 September 2015 16 September 2015 http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/riau-declares-emergency-as-haze-worsens Riau declares emergency as haze worsens Wahyudi Soeriaatmadja Samantha Boh Linette Lai The Straits Times 15 September 2015 15 September 2015http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/multimedia/land-fires-thick-haze-central-kalimantan-capital/ Land Fires: Thick Haze in Central Kalimantan Capital Jakarta Globe 16 September 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150921201537/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/multimedia/land-fires-thick-haze-central-kalimantan-capital/ 21 September 2015 http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/15/379-hot-spots-detected-south-kalimantan.html 379 hot spots detected in South Kalimantan The Jakarta Post 15 September 2015 16 September 2015 http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/100519/police-name-126-people-as-suspects-in-land-fire-cases Police name 126 people as suspects in land fire cases Antara 15 September 2015 16 September 2015 On 4 September 2015, the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management stated that six Indonesian provinces had declared a state of emergency due to the haze; these were Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan.Oktama Carla Isati Six Provinces Declare State of Emergency as Haze Worsens http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/featured-2/six-provinces-declare-state-emergency-haze-worsens The Jakarta Globe 4 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151004113614/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/featured-2/six-provinces-declare-state-emergency-haze-worsens 4 October 2015 dead dmy-all On 14 September, a state of emergency was again declared in Riau, this time by the Indonesian government.http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/9/14/indonesia-declares-emergency-in-haze-hit-riau-province.html Indonesia declares emergency as brush-fire smoke chokes region Al Jazeera America 14 September 2015 15 September 2015 Thousands of residents of Pekanbaru, Riau's capital, fled to the nearby cities of Medan and Padang.http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/thousands-flee-pekanbaru-as-haze-hits-record-high Thousands flee Pekanbaru as haze hits record high Wahyudi Soeriaatmadja The Straits Times 15 September 2015 15 September 2015https://www.asiaone.com/asia/jakarta-declares-emergency-riau-over-haze Jakarta declares emergency in Riau over haze AsiaOne 15 September 2015 15 September 2015 On 24 October, the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) hit a record high of 1801, recorded in the province of Central Kalimantan.Soeriaatmadja Wahyudi Thick haze grounds firefighting copters http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/thick-haze-grounds-firefighting-copters 4 October 2015 The Straits Times 2 October 2015https://marufish.com/2015/10/24/borneo-palangkaraya-air-pollution-break-3000-points/ Borneo Palangkaraya Air Pollution Break 3000 points! Marufish World of Disaster Prevention 24 October 2015 More than 28 million people in Indonesia alone were affected by the crisis, and more than 140,000 reported respiratory illness.Indonesia needs better aircraft for water-bombing operations http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-needs-better-aircraft-for-water-bombing-operations The Straits Times 7 October 2015 7 October 2015 According to a 2016 Harvard-Columbia University study, the haze caused more than 100,000 additional deaths, most of them (> 90,000) in Indonesia.Koplitz et al.: Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September–October 2015: demonstration of a new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure. Environmental Research Letters Vol. 11, No. 9, 2016, 10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094023.G.F. Why the North American west is on fire https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/10/economist-explains-10 The Economist 13 October 2017 But later, the claim was refuted by Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysian health authorities.http://m.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/malaysia-singapore-and-indonesia-refute-study-on-haze-causing-100000-deaths Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia refute study on haze causing 100,000 deaths 7 November 2016 1 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201001042001/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2016/09/20/malaysia-singapore-and-indonesia-refute-study-on-haze-causing-100000-deaths/1209559 dead The haze caused by the Indonesian forest fires has been shown to increase haze-related illnesses, such as upper respiratory illnesses and acute conjunctivitis, in Singapore.Sheldon, Sankaran Tamara, Chandini The Impact of Indonesian Forest Fires on Singaporean Pollution and Health American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 2017 5 107 526–529 10.1257/aer.p20171134 29558063 https://www.aeaweb.org/articles/attachments?retrieve=No5ZcatDIY1EatEycI8VNYvbyZkYkod4 subscription The Indonesian government estimated that the haze crisis would cost it between 300 and 475 trillion rupiah (up to US$35 billion or S$47 billion) to mitigate.Chan Francis $47b? Indonesia counts costs of haze http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/47b-indonesia-counts-costs-of-haze The Straits Times 11 October 2015 11 October 2015 School closures due to the haze were implemented in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore; these affected nearly four million students in Malaysia alone.Au Eunice Schools closed in Malaysia as haze reaches hazardous levels http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/schools-closed-in-malaysia-as-haze-reaches-hazardous-levels The Straits Times 10 October 2015http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/08/03/islands-focus-city-extend-school-closure-over-haze-frenzy.html Islands in focus: City to extend school closure over haze frenzy The Jakarta Post 3 August 2015 17 September 2015http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/schools-to-close-on/2147982.html Channel News Asia 24 September 2015 Chan Luo Er, Leong Wai Kit Schools to close on Friday due to worsening haze situation: MOE 25 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150925134219/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/schools-to-close-on/2147982.html dead Among the events disrupted or even cancelled due to the haze were the 2015 FINA Swimming World Cup in Singapore and the Kuala Lumpur Marathon in Malaysia. Heavy rains in Sumatra and Kalimantan in the last days of October 2015 significantly reduced the size and number of fires, and improved the air quality in most affected areas.http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/heavy-rain-clears-haze-as-jokowi-arrives-in-s-sumatra Heavy rain clears haze as Jokowi arrives in S. Sumatra WAHYUDI SOERIAATMADJA The Straits Times 30 October 2015 https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/world/asia/indonesia-forest-fire-toxic-haze.html Rain in Indonesia Dampens Forest Fires That Spread Toxic Haze 29 October 2015 The New York Timeshttps://news.liputan6.com/read/2353146/hujan-3-hari-usir-kepekatan-kabut-asap-di-sumatera-dan-kalimantan Hujan 3 Hari Usir Kepekatan Kabut Asap di Sumatera dan Kalimantan liputan6.com 30 October 2015 http://nasional.tempo.co/read/news/2015/10/28/206713917/bmkg-hujan-di-kalimantan-dan-sumatera-redakan-a BMKG: Hujan di Kalimantan dan Sumatera Redakan Asap Tempo Nasional 28 October 2015 In turn, the NEA of Singapore stopped issuing haze advisories from 15 November 2015. Background upright=1.2|thumbnail|left|A NASA satellite image showing the extent of the haze on 24 September 2015. Indonesia has struggled for years to contain forest fires, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. In September 2014, Indonesia ratified the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution. It is the last ASEAN country to do so.http://www.menlh.go.id/indonesia-meratifikasi-undang-undang-tentang-pengesahan-asean-agreement-on-transboundary-haze-pollution-persetujuan-asean-tentang-pencemaran-asap-lintas-batas/ Indonesia Meratifikasi Undang-Undang Tentang Pengesahan Asean Agreement On Transboundary Haze Pollution (Persetujuan Asean Tentang Pencemaran Asap Lintas Batas) id Ministry of Environment, Indonesia 16 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150920063146/http://www.menlh.go.id/indonesia-meratifikasi-undang-undang-tentang-pengesahan-asean-agreement-on-transboundary-haze-pollution-persetujuan-asean-tentang-pencemaran-asap-lintas-batas/ 20 September 2015 dead The agreement calls on Indonesia to take steps to solve the problem through its own efforts or through international co-operation, or else face legal action based on the impact of the haze on its south-east Asian neighbours.http://kxan.com/ap/image-of-asia-wildfire-haze-shrouds-indonesias-neighbors/ Image of Asia: Wildfire haze shrouds Indonesia's neighbors The Associated Press Kxan 11 September 2015 14 September 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150925013203/http://kxan.com/ap/image-of-asia-wildfire-haze-shrouds-indonesias-neighbors/ 25 September 2015 In 2014, Singapore also passed laws that allow it to prosecute people and firms that contribute to the haze.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34265922 What causes South-East Asia's haze? BBC News 16 September 2015 16 September 2015 In early August 2015, although Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, and Vietnam met to discuss the haze problem, Indonesia did not join the talks.http://www.khmertimeskh.com/news/16585/indonesian-haze-may-be-choking-cambodia/ Indonesian Haze May be Choking Cambodia Jonathan Cox Khmer Times 6 October 2015 8 October 2015 Causes The fires are caused by firms and farmers using slash-and-burn practices as a inexpensive means to clear their land of unwanted vegetation. Sumatra and Kalimantan possess large areas of peatland, which is highly combustible during dry season. Peat, which is made up of layers of dead vegetation and other organic matter, contributed heavily to carbon emissions because of the substance's high density Peatland Fires Biggest Contributor to Carbon Emissions: Researcher Jakarta Globe http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/environment/peatland-fires-biggest-contributor-carbon-emissions-scientist/ 10 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151026121127/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/environment/peatland-fires-biggest-contributor-carbon-emissions-scientist/ 26 October 2015 dead dmy-all and carbon content. The haze was particularly severe in 2015 due to the El Niño phenomenon, which caused drier conditions, causing the fires to spread more. https://www.dw.com/en/why-southeast-asias-haze-problem-persists/a-18715535 Why South-east Asia's haze problem persists Gabriel Domínguez Deutsche Welle 15 September 2015 16 September 2015 Research published in the Environmental Research Letters stated that 59% of fire emissions in Sumatra and 73% in Kalimantan originated from "outside timber and palm oil concession boundaries". https://www.todayonline.com/world/getting-facts-right-indonesias-haze-problems Getting the facts right on Indonesia's haze problems Erik Meijaard The Jakarta Globe Today Online 14 September 2015 14 September 2015 Environmental rights activists added that palm oil activities were still involved in the burning. Firstly, land clearing by burning is cheap and is more often chosen by companies than any other land-clearing method. Secondly, most companies want to avoid spending money on reforestation. Any company which obtains a license for forest lands must replant them from a fund provided by the government. http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/09/16/055701104/Former-Riau-Police-Chief-Reveals-Three-Motives-for-Forest-Burning Former Riau Police Chief Reveals Three Motives for Forest Burning Arkhelaus Wisnu Tempo 16 September 2015 16 September 2015 Most companies do not replant, and to avoid detection, they burn the land. Thirdly, the companies revitalise palm plantations by cutting or burning old palm trees that are no longer productive. The regulation stipulates that such burning must be done on a bed of concrete to avoid spreading the fire, but to reduce costs, most companies do not do this. Countries affected At least six of the ten countries in the ASEAN region have been affected by the haze: southern Thailand, Vietnam,http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/haze-netizens-four-countries-share-their-gripe-73010 Haze: Netizens from four countries share their gripe Kohilah Sekaran Syafique Shuib Astro Awani 12 September 2015 14 September 2015 17 February 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200217205634/http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/haze-netizens-four-countries-share-their-gripe-73010 deadhttps://www.bangkokpost.com/news/environment/679996/haze-blocks-out-hat-yai-trang Haze blocks out Hat Yai, Trang DPA Bangkok Post 4 September 2015 14 September 2015http://tuoitrenews.vn/society/30851/indonesia-forest-fires-to-blame-for-foggy-ho-chi-minh-city-expert Indonesia forest fires to blame for foggy Ho Chi Minh City: expert Tuổi Trẻ 7 October 2015 7 October 2015 8 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151008153531/http://tuoitrenews.vn/society/30851/indonesia-forest-fires-to-blame-for-foggy-ho-chi-minh-city-expert dead and most parts of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.https://singaporehazetoday.com/2015-southeast-asian-haze 2015 Southeast Asian Haze - Singapore Haze Today 31 July 2020 25 September 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200925083716/https://singaporehazetoday.com/2015-southeast-asian-haze/ dead The haze affecting Cambodia and Cebu in the Philippines was also suspected to have arisen from Indonesian rather than local sources.https://www.rappler.com/philippines/107954-philippines-suspects-haze-indonesia-fires/ Philippines suspects week-long haze from Indonesia fires Agence France-Presse 3 October 2015 3 October 2015 On 29 September 2015, the IBTimes published interactive before-and-after photos that showed the dramatically reduced visibility in Singapore and Indonesia due to haze.Singapore and Indonesia haze: Interactive before-and-after photos show dramatically reduced visibility 29 September 2015 https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/singapore-indonesia-haze-interactive-before-after-photos-show-dramatically-reduced-visibility-1521643 1 October 2015 The Global Fire Emissions Database reported that the 2015 Indonesian fires had generated around 600 million tonnes of greenhouse gases, an amount described as 'roughly equivalent to Germany's entire annual output'. NASA said that the 2015 haze crisis could become the worst one recorded in the region, possibly outstripping the 1997 crisis, which cost an estimated nine billion US dollars.Indonesian fires sending haze across south-east Asia could become worst on record, NASA warns ABC News 2 October 2015 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-02/indonesia-forest-fires-could-become-worst-on-record-nasa-warns/6824460 ABC Online 4 October 2015 Brunei Smoke from forest fires in Kalimantan, blown by prevailing south-westerly winds, brought hazy conditions to Brunei.http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/brunei-haze-may-last-for-a-week Brunei haze may last for a week The Brunei Times Thai PBS 26 August 2015 14 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150925092804/http://englishnews.thaipbs.or.th/brunei-haze-may-last-for-a-week 25 September 2015 dead A duty forecaster at the Brunei Meteorological Department, Nurulinani Haji Jahari, said that heavy thunderstorms would do little to relieve the hazy conditions because westerly winds were still expected to continue bringing more smoke from Kalimantan and Sumatra. On 15 September, the Tutong District recorded an all-time-high Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) reading of 68; followed by Belait, with 67; Brunei-Muara, with 65; and Temburong, with 48.http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/hazy-conditions-persist-brunei-week https://web.archive.org/web/20150926105632/http://news.asiaone.com/news/asia/hazy-conditions-persist-brunei-week dead 26 September 2015 Hazy conditions to persist in Brunei this week Wail Wardi Wasil The Brunei Times/Asia News Network AsiaOne 15 September 2015 15 September 2015 The Bruneian public were advised by authorities to drink plenty of water and seek medical assistance if experiencing smoke-related symptoms. Authorities also warned against any open burning or other activities that might worsen the haze. Cambodia Phnom Penh suffered from haze, and its Cambodian Ministry of the Environment suspected that fires set by plantation owners in Indonesia might be to blame. Uncertainty of the source remained since Indonesia released little relevant information. Indonesia The 2015 haze affected Indonesia from at least late June, with the municipality of Dumai (in the province of Riau on the island of Sumatra) reporting haze beginning 28 June. The problem persisted for months.Nazeer Zubaidah Haze blankets parts of Sumatra http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/haze-blankets-parts-of-sumatra The Straits Times 9 July 2015 11 October 2015 As of 7 October 2015, more than 140,000 Indonesians had reported respiratory illnesses in the haze-affected areas.https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/inpictures/2015/10/southeast-asia-hazardous-haze-151007061537973.html Southeast Asia's hazardous haze Al Jazeera 7 October 2015 8 October 2015https://en.cihan.com.tr/en/over-30000-people-affected-by-haze-in-riau-indonesia-1893941.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20151003142806/http://en.cihan.com.tr/en/over-30000-people-affected-by-haze-in-riau-indonesia-1893941.htm dead 3 October 2015 Over 30,000 people affected by haze in Riau, Indonesia Cihan 18 September 2015 18 September 2015 By 15 September 2015, around 25,834 were suffering from respiratory infection, 538 having pneumonia, 2,246 suffering from skin irritation, and 1,656 suffering from eye irritation. The haze blanketing the whole of Sumatra island and parts of Kalimantan hampered tourism, aviation and maritime activities as well as the Indonesian economy.http://fokus.kontan.co.id/news/asap-bikin-ekonomi-ikut-menguap Asap bikin ekonomi ikut menguap id Hendra Gunawan Agus Triyono Noverius Laoli Kontan.co.id 14 September 2015 15 September 2015 18 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150918001149/http://fokus.kontan.co.id/news/asap-bikin-ekonomi-ikut-menguap deadhttps://www.antaranews.com/en/news/100446/more-indonesia-airports-affected-by-haze-from-land-fires More Indonesia airports affected by haze from land fires Juwita Trisna Rahayu Antara 11 September 2015 15 September 2015http://regional.kontan.co.id/news/bmkg-asap-kebakaran-menyelimuti-seluruh-sumatera/2015/09/04 BMKG: Asap kebakaran menyelimuti seluruh Sumatera id Havid Vebri Antara Kontan.co.id 4 September 2015 15 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150925091313/http://regional.kontan.co.id/news/bmkg-asap-kebakaran-menyelimuti-seluruh-sumatera/2015/09/04 25 September 2015 dead dmy-all A state of emergency was declared in the province of Riau, one of the worst-affected by the haze. In Riau's capital, Pekanbaru, authorities ordered the closing of schools to prevent pupils from being exposed to the haze,http://www.riaupos.co/85486-berita--sekolah-kembali-diliburkan,-sampai-kondisi-membaik.html Sekolah Kembali Diliburkan, Sampai Kondisi Membaik id Dofi Iskandar Yudi Waldi Riau Pos 14 September 2015 16 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150925124124/http://www.riaupos.co/85486-berita--sekolah-kembali-diliburkan,-sampai-kondisi-membaik.html 25 September 2015 dead dmy-all and thousands were forced to flee the city. Flight cancellations were reported daily in Pekanbaru as well as in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, due to poor visibility.https://news.liputan6.com/read/2317321/kabut-asap-batalkan-70-penerbangan-di-bandara-ssk-ii-pekanbaru Kabut asap batalkan 70 penerbangan di Bandara Sultan Syarif Kasim II M Syukur Yusron Fahmi id Liputan 6 14 September 2015 16 September 2015https://regional.kompas.com/read/2015/09/12/20070481/Asap.Kiriman.Ganggu.Belasan.Jadwal.Penerbangan.di.Balikpapan.Setiap.Hari Asap Kiriman Ganggu Belasan Jadwal Penerbangan di Balikpapan Setiap Hari Dani Julius Sandro Gatra id Kompas 12 September 2015 16 September 2015 The Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, which considers a pollution index over 350 "hazardous", reported on 22 September 2015 that the index in Palangkaraya in Central Kalimantan hit 1,986 and the index for Pontianak in West Kalimantan reached 706.Rahadiana Reika Haze Worsens as Smog Covers Singapore, Parts of Indonesia Bloomberg 22 September 2015 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-09-22/haze-worsens-as-singapore-parts-of-indonesia-covered-in-smog Bloomberg News 26 September 2015 These readings surpassed quintuple and double the official "hazardous" level, respectively. In late September, the province of Central Kalimantan measured a record high of 2,300 on Indonesia's PSI. On 2 October, Central Kalimantan was still experiencing a very high PSI of 1,801, such that firefighting helicopters were unable to water-bomb certain areas due to low visibility. By mid-late October the burning hotspots, increasing sharply in number, had even spread to Indonesia's Papua region. The Terra Aqua satellite also discovered 63 hotspots in Maluku and 17 in North Maluku. 1,545 hotspots were detected in Indonesia, although the exact number couldn't be ascertained as the haze covering the region was too thick. The Nusa Tenggara Islands also had hotspots: around 67 in East Nusa Tenggara and 25 in West Nusa Tenggara.http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/10/151019_indonesia_asap_sulawesi Kebakaran hutan mencapai Sulawesi, Maluku dan Papua id BBC News 19 October 2015 21 October 2015 Dozens of flights were cancelled in Timika, West Papua. Both the Moluccas Islands and Sulawesi were covered by haze. In Sulawesi, around 800 hotspots were discovered by BPBD, a disaster mitigation agency. There were 57 hotspots in West Sulawesi, 151 in South Sulawesi, 361 in Central Sulawesi, 126 in Southeast Sulawesi, 47 in Gorontalo and 59 in North Sulawesi. The city of Palu was covered by haze from nearby Kalimantan, causing some flight delays. thumb| Limited visibility due to smog in Aceh, Sumatra, 24 October 2015 In Java, forest fires burned in West Java and Mount Merapi, Central Java. A forest fire, which trapped hikers and killed at least seven of them on Mount Lawu in Magetan Regency in East Java, was later reported to have been caused by a bonfire.Seven Hikers Were Burned To Death In Mount Lawu http://www.jawapos.com/read/2015/10/19/7589/7-pendaki-gunung-lawu-tewas-terpanggang 21 October 2015 Jawa Pos id https://web.archive.org/web/20151021051906/http://www.jawapos.com/read/2015/10/19/7589/7-pendaki-gunung-lawu-tewas-terpanggang 21 October 2015 dead This incident caused local areas to be evacuated. The haze in Palangkaraya was so thick that it turned the air yellow and exceeded the 'dangerous' threshold by 10 times. The annual parliamentary meeting was interrupted, as the smoke from outside entered the room, causing all of the politicians to use masks and tissues in the room.Rapat Diganggu Asap, Pj Gubernur Kalteng: Parah, Perlu Bantuan Pusat! https://news.detik.com/berita/3048444/rapat-diganggu-asap-pj-gubernur-kalteng-parah-perlu-bantuan-pusat 20 October 2015 Detik.comhttps://news.mongabay.com/2015/10/kalimantan-politicians-wear-facemasks-inside-parliament-as-palangkaraya-suffers-in-silence/ Kalimantan politicians wear facemasks inside parliament as Palangkaraya suffers in silence 20 October 2015 Mongabay.com 21 October 2015 Most schools in the affected area were closed until further notice due to the haze. In Riau and Palembang, students were advised to go to school only twice a week. Sometimes they did not even go to school for a whole week due to the haze, causing wide concern among parents and government officials. At least ten companies, seven of which are foreign companies, were declared as the prime suspects for fire in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Two of the companies' certificates were suspended by the government. Indonesian president Joko Widodo ordered all hospitals and puskesmas (community health clinics) to be open for 24 hours. On 20 October, there were 825 new hotspots in Sumatra, with the visibility in Riau deteriorating to 50 meters. Around 66 flights in Pekanbaru were cancelled. At noon, the haze worsened as the air became yellow. Help, Thick Smoke Surrounding Pekanbaru https://news.detik.com/berita/3049389/tolong-asap-pekat-menguning-kepung-pekanbaru 21 October 2015 Detik.com id The Government of Riau, later made a statement that the haze crisis has killed their citizens slowly by suffocating them. On 21 October, it was reported that the number of people with respiratory problems had risen to 78,829 in Riau alone. Many reported they suffered from dizziness and sore eyes. Most of the victims killed by the haze were students and newborn babies.http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/10/151002_indonesia_baby_shelter_haze Apa pemerintah menunggu anak-anak kami mati karena asap? id BBC News 2 October 2015 21 October 2015 A nine-year-old third-grade student died because of the smoke and the doctors and nurses who tried to save the child reported that the child's lungs were fully filled with smoke. A 15-month-old baby also died in Jambi. The photos of the dead body, taken with the baby's mother, went viral on Facebook.https://www.rappler.com/world/indonesia/107935-bayi-meninggal-kabut-asap-jambi/ Satu lagi bayi meninggal karena kabut Asap id Rappler 3 October 2015 21 October 2015http://news.okezone.com/read/2015/10/02/340/1224950/foto-bayi-meninggal-akibat-kabut-asap-ramai-di-medsos Foto Bayi Meninggal Akibat Kabut Asap Ramai di Medsos Okezone 30 September 2015 The haze crisis also interrupted the search for a missing Eurocopter EC130 with five people on board in Lake Toba. The sole survivor reported that the cause of the crash was the haze. Malaysia Unhealthy Air Pollution Index (API) readings were recorded in 24 areas in the states of Sarawak, with Selangor and Langkawi in Kedah being the worst hit by the haze.http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/haze-twenty-four-areas-record-unhealthy-api-readings Haze in Malaysia: Unhealthy air quality in Malacca, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Sarawak The Straits Times 14 September 2015 14 September 2015http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/selangor-worst-hit-by-haze-in-malaysia Selangor worst hit by haze in Malaysia; air quality unhealthy in several areas The Straits Times 12 September 2015 14 September 2015http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/haze-in-malaysia-schools-in-kuching-and-samarahan-close-as-air-quality-worsens Sarawak worst-hit by haze in Malaysia as schools shut The Straits Times 17 September 2015 17 September 2015http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/langkawi-in-malaysia-worst-hit-by-haze-as-schools-remain-shut Langkawi in Malaysia worst hit by haze as schools remain shut The Straits Times 6 October 2015 6 October 2015 Residents with asthma and pulmonary problems were told to stay indoors until the air quality in their areas improved. Malaysia's aviation and maritime sectors were put on high alert following a worsening in view of the reduced visibility caused by the haze.http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/malaysia-s-aviation-maritime-sectors-on-high-alert-115091300499_1.html Malaysia's aviation, maritime sectors on high alert Business Standard 13 September 2015 14 September 2015 The education ministry stated all schools had to close if the API readings surpassed 200. As a result, on 15 September, schools in the four states of Sarawak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Malacca together with the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya were ordered to close temporarily.https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2015/09/14/Haze-schools-to-close/ Haze: Schools must close once API exceeds 200 The Star 14 September 2015 14 September 2015https://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/ministry-orders-closure-of-schools-in-three-states-ft Ministry orders closure of schools in three states, FT The Malay Mail 15 September 2015 15 September 2015 On 3 October, the officials decided to cancel the Standard Chartered KL Marathon 2015 due to the worsening haze.https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/10/kl-marathon-cancelled-due-haze Standard Chartered KL Marathon cancelled due to haze New Straits Times Online 3 October 2015 4 October 2015 On 4 October, as haze reached unhealthy levels in many parts of the country, the government announced that all states except for Kelantan, Sabah and Sarawak were to close schools again for two days.http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/schools-close-for-2-days-except-in-kelantan-east-malaysia-says-minister Schools close for 2 days, except in Kelantan, East Malaysia The Malaysian Insider 4 October 2015 4 October 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20151005163146/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/schools-close-for-2-days-except-in-kelantan-east-malaysia-says-minister 5 October 2015 The API in Shah Alam, Selangor even hit the hazardous level of 308.https://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/haze-worsens-nationwide-api-in-shah-alam-hits-hazardous-level Haze worsens nationwide, API in Shah Alam hits 'hazardous' level The Malay Mail Online 4 October 2015 4 October 2015 Until 20 October, around 1,909,842 students from 3,029 schools in Malaysia were affected,http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=103872 East Coast schools closed due to haze Daily Express 20 October 2015 21 October 2015 which increased to 2,696,110 students and 4,778 schools by 22 October.https://www.theborneopost.com/2015/10/22/haze-forces-4778-schools-to-close-today-2696110-students-affected/ Haze forces 4,778 schools to close today; 2,696,110 students affected Eve Sonary Heng The Borneo Post 22 October 2015 22 October 2015 Flights were also delayed and cancelled in the east coast of Sabah due to continuous haze from Kalimantan.http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=103845 Haze: Flights cancelled, delayed in Tawau Daily Express 19 October 2015 21 October 2015 It was a concern in the week leading up to the 2015 Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix as the event could have come under threat of haze. Philippines As of 3 October, the Philippine island of Cebu suffered its seventh straight day of haze. Therefore, it was suspected, although not confirmed, that the haze was originating from Indonesian and not local sources, possibly as a result of monsoon winds blowing north-east from fires in Indonesia towards the direction of the central Philippines.https://www.manilatimes.net/indon-haze-blankets-cebu/221983/ Indon haze blankets Cebu The Manila Times 3 October 2015 3 October 2015 As a result, some Philippine aircraft had difficulties landing at Mactan–Cebu International Airport. Visual Flight Rules in the country were suspended, so that "only airline operations using airplanes with instrument flying capabilities are allowed to take off and land".http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2015/10/02/haze-hits-cebu-433513 'Haze' hits Cebu Justin K. Vestil Elias O. Baquero Rappler 3 October 2015 3 October 2015 5 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180405104543/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cebu/local-news/2015/10/02/haze-hits-cebu-433513 dead The Philippines at first did not believe haze from Indonesia was reaching the country,http://www.mb.com.ph/haze-blanketing-cebu-link-to-indonesia-wildfires-dismissed/ Haze blanketing Cebu; link to Indonesia wildfires dismissed Mars W. Mosqueda Jr. Manila Bulletin 2 October 2015 3 October 2015 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20151005031613/http://www.mb.com.ph/haze-blanketing-cebu-link-to-indonesia-wildfires-dismissed/ 5 October 2015 but later suspected it was due to the fact that the haze did not disappear within a day as per the usual haze that is particular to the region of Cebu City. Gerry Bagtasa, an atmospheric scientist, however concluded that the haze in Cebu was both from Indonesian and local sources due to several factors including effects by Typhoon Koppu, locally known as Typhoon Lando, and the north-east monsoon. The interaction made a pocket of air above Cebu where a visible haze accumulated. Bagtasa said that the haze had already reached the island of Mindanao and other parts of Visayas when it was reported in Cebu but was too thin to be visible.Dimacali TJ Why only in Cebu? Mysterious haze explained https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/539618/scitech/weather/why-only-in-cebu-mysterious-haze-explained 26 October 2015 GMA News 5 October 2015 By mid-October, haze from Indonesia had reached Mindanao. On 20 October, it was reported that the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) in Southern Mindanao had been monitoring the haze for days. The weather body said that haze had been visible in Davao City since 17 October. Typhoon Koppu and the north-east monsoon were linked to the haze affecting Mindanao. Haze was also reported in the cities of Cagayan de Oro, General Santos, Iligan, Davao, and Zamboanga.Manlupig Karlos Haze from Indonesia blankets Mindanao cities http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/732736/haze-from-indonesia-blankets-mindanao-cities 21 October 2015 Inquirer Mindanao Philippine Daily Inquirer 20 October 2015 Davao CityIndonesia haze reaches cities in Mindanao https://www.rappler.com/philippines/110051-indonesia-haze-cities-mindanao-philippines/ 21 October 2015 Rappler 20 October 2015 Haze affected operations of airports in Mindanao and Visayas.Haze affects airport ops in Visayas, Mindanao: CAAP http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/10/25/15/haze-affects-airport-ops-mindanao-caap 26 October 2015 ABS-CBN News 25 October 2015 30 May 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220530080304/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/10/25/15/haze-affects-airport-ops-mindanao-caap dead It was also observed in Metro Manila since 23 October although as of 25 October it was not linked to sources from Indonesia but to local pollution. At 12:00 (GMT+8) on 25 October, the research monitoring station in University of the Philippines Diliman recorded a PM2.5 measurement of above 150 micrograms, which is deemed as "hazardous".Suarez KD Hazy Sunday in Metro Manila https://www.rappler.com/environment/110575-haze-metro-manila-visayas-mindanao/ 26 October 2015 Rappler 25 October 2015 There were concerns about haze from Indonesia reaching Metro Manila and it was theorised that this could happen if another typhoon hit the country.Iglesias Iza Smaze could reach Manila https://www.manilatimes.net/smaze-could-reach-manila/225456/ 26 October 2015 The Manila Times 24 October 2015 Singapore thumb|Hazy conditions in Orchard, Singapore during early September 2015 Some outdoor activities in Singapore were postponed following the haze. Guide to the #haze in infographics http://graphics.straitstimes.com/STI/STIMEDIA/Interactives/2015/09/haze-in-singapore/index.html 21 September 2015http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/hazy-conditions-over-singapore-expected-to-continue-on-sunday-and-monday Outdoor activities affected by haze on Sunday; showers expected on Monday may bring only temporary respite Calvin Yang Lee Min Kok The Straits Times 13 September 2015 14 September 2015 It was a concern in the week leading up to the 2015 Singapore Grand Prix as the event could have come under threat of haze.Haze in Singapore back at unhealthy levels on Saturday 19 September 2015 https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/haze-singapore-back-unhealthy-levels-saturdayhttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/11863885/Singapore-Grand-Prix-could-be-affected-by-dangerous-smog-levels.html Singapore Grand Prix could be affected by dangerous smog levels Daniel Johnson The Telegraph 14 September 2015 15 September 2015 The haze rose into the "very unhealthy" range of the Pollutant Standards Index on 14 September, with a reading of 223 at 8 p.m.https://twitter.com/NEAsg/status/643395705348853760 Daily PSI readings of Singapore National Environment Agency (Singapore) Twitter 15 September 2015 It rose further to 249 at 9 p.m. before dropping back to the "unhealthy" range for the rest of the night. Thunderstorms and rain had improved the situation in the afternoons of the 15th and 16th, while a change in prevailing wind direction improved the situation from the 20th to the 22nd. The haze deteriorated again on the evening of the 23rd and the morning of the 24th as denser haze from Sumatra was blown into the country by prevailing southerly winds.http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/haze-conditions-may-worsen-on-thursday-24-hour-psi-may-cross-into-very Haze worsens on Thursday, 24-hour PSI edges into very unhealthy range Lee Min Kok The Straits Times 24 September 2015 24 September 2015 On 24 September, the PSI reading at 7 p.m. rose into the "hazardous" range for the first time in 2015 with a reading of 313. It rose further to 317 at 8 p.m., which prompted the Ministry of Education (MOE) to close all primary and secondary schools on the 25th due to the worsening haze conditions. The haze deteriorated further during the small hours, reaching a record high for the year at 5 a.m. with a reading of 341. However, the 3-hour PSI quickly fell back into the "moderate" range at 1 p.m. the next day. The PSI had been hovering at the unhealthy range from the late afternoon to the evening, and the MOE announced schools to reopen on 28 September 2015. Since that day, PSI levels have remained at the unhealthy range, even rising up to very unhealthy on a few occasions.NEA haze readings for past 24 hours (refreshed daily) http://www.nea.gov.sg/anti-pollution-radiation-protection/air-pollution-control/psi/psi-readings-over-the-last-24-hours https://archive.today/20150925122632/http://www.nea.gov.sg/anti-pollution-radiation-protection/air-pollution-control/psi/psi-readings-over-the-last-24-hours dead 25 September 2015 National Environment Agency, Singapore 15 September 2015 On 24 September 2015, Ministry of Manpower (MOM) lodged a police report over a hoax post on social media (WhatsApp and Facebook) that claimed it had declared a "voluntary non-work day" on Friday, 25 September 2015 as a result of the haze.MOM lodges police report over hoax post The Straits Times 26 September 2015 http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/mom-lodges-police-report-over-hoax-post 29 September 2015 Lim Yi Han Haze & confused 29 September 2015 https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/haze-confused 29 September 2015MOM debunks fake 'voluntary non-work day' Facebook post 25 September 2015 https://tnp.straitstimes.com/news/singapore-news/mom-debunks-fake-voluntary-non-work-day-facebook-post On 25 September 2015, the government, for the first time, named five firms: Asia Pulp and Paper, Rimba Hutani Mas, Sebangun Bumi Andalas Wood Industries, Bumi Sriwijaya Sentosa and Wachyuni Mandira as responsible for the haze and instructed them to take measures to extinguish fires on their land, not to start new ones, and to submit action plans on how they would prevent future fires. The Minister for the Environment and Water Resources stressed that the haze was a man-made problem that should not be tolerated. Under Singapore's Transboundary Haze Pollution Act, those guilty can be fined up to $100,000 a day, capped at $2 million, for causing unhealthy haze. Some of the 2015 FINA Swimming World Cup's events on 3 October 2015 were cancelled as the PSI was in the 'unhealthy' range.FINA Swimming World Cup finals cancelled due to haze http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/fina-swimming-world-cup/2167788.html Channel News Asia 4 October 2015 5 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151005225834/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/sport/fina-swimming-world-cup/2167788.html dead On 19 October 2015, the 1-hour PM2.5 concentration reached a record high of 471μg/m3 for the West region at 11 p.m., while the South region was at 301μg/m3 . This was a sharp increase as the highest 1-hour PM2.5 concentration in Singapore at 9 p.m. was 164μg/m3 . The National Environment Agency attributed this to "denser haze from the sea areas south of Singapore being blown in by the prevailing south-south=easterly winds".PM2.5 levels hit 471 as haze situation worsens https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/pm25-levels-hit-471-haze-situation-worsens Today 20 October 2015 Thunderstorms in the morning of 28 October 2015 brought respite from the haze when the PSI dropped from 61 to 26 at 9 a.m. The National Environment Agency (NEA) announced that they would stop issuing daily haze advisories from 15 November 2015 onwards.Haze Situation Update (15 November 2015) http://www.nea.gov.sg/corporate-functions/newsroom/advisories/haze-situation-update-15-november-2015 National Environment Agency Government of Singapore 18 June 2017 November 15, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20160813003700/http://www.nea.gov.sg/corporate-functions/newsroom/advisories/haze-situation-update-15-november-2015 13 August 2016 dead The 2015 haze crisis in Singapore was considered as the most serious haze episode for Singapore as it lasted for a long time. It was also the first time the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) deployed a Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) Chinook helicopter and 34 SAF personnel to help fight the ongoing forest fires in Sumatra, Indonesia.http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/saf-and-scdf-teams-set-off-to-help-fight-haze-fires-in-indonesia SAF and SCDF teams set off to help fight haze fires in Indonesia 2015-10-10 The Straits Times 2018-02-25 en Thailand The haze from Sumatra turned most parts of southern Thailand such as Narathiwat, Pattani, Phuket, Satun, Songkhla, Surat Thani, Trang and Yala provinces unsightly, even reaching hazardous levels on 7 Octoberhttp://www.thephuketnews.com/sumatra-forest-fire-haze-returns-to-blanket-phuket-53945.php Sumatra forest fire haze returns to blanket Phuket Saroj Kueprasertkij The Phuket News 4 September 2015 14 September 2015https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/asean/720720/pm-calls-for-regional-haze-cooperation PM calls for regional haze cooperation Bangkok Post 7 October 2015 7 October 2015https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/720160/smoke-haze-hazardous-in-three-southern-provinces Smoke haze hazardous in three southern provinces Bangkok Post 6 October 2015 6 October 2015 The Phuket Provincial Health Office (PPHO) issued a health advisory to its residents in August 2015 and in October the province saw a number of flight delays in Phuket Airport.http://www.thephuketnews.com/phuket-health-advisory-issued-over-forest-fire-haze-53838.php Phuket health advisory issued over forest fire haze Saroj Kueprasertkij Tanyaluk Sakoot The Phuket News 27 August 2015 14 September 2015https://thethaiger.com/news/phuket/Haze-causes-delays-flights-Phuket-Airport Haze causes more delays for flights at Phuket Airport Kritsada Mueanhawong Phuket Gazette 8 October 2015 29 September 2018 The air quality index in provinces of southern Thailand were increasing with the Regional Environmental Office Director Halem Jehmarikan saying the current air pollution levels were the result of the wind direction and a low pressure area, preventing the haze from being blown away. A number of hospitals saw an increase in child patients with respiratory system related symptoms.http://www.eco-business.com/news/thailand-southern-haze-hits-this-years-worst/ Thailand: Southern haze hits this year's worst National News Bureau of Thailand Eco Business 5 October 2015 6 October 2015 Halem also added the pollution was the worst in decades compared to previous smog that faded within four hours.http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Haze-in-South-rises-beyond-safety-mark-30270267.html Haze in South rises beyond safety mark The Nation 6 October 2015 6 October 2015 6 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151006142921/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Haze-in-South-rises-beyond-safety-mark-30270267.html dead Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City and other provinces in Southern Vietnam were enveloped in haze as of 4 October.Or September 4? November 2019 Vietnamese experts believe that the phenomenon was partly caused by the fire in Indonesia. According to the southern unit of the Vietnamese National Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting, many provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta, such as Sóc Trăng, Cà Mau, Kiến Giang, Đồng Tháp, Bến Tre, and Cần Thơ also experienced similar foggy weather since the beginning of October. Residents were told to stay indoors as southern Vietnam saw a rising number of child patients suffering irritated eyes, nosebleeds, runny noses, and sneezing. The haze was predicted to continue for three days before being gradually eased by heavy rains.http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/143553/dry-haze-sends-rising-number-of-southern-children-to-hospitals.html Dry haze sends rising number of southern children to hospitals Vietnam Net 9 October 2015 9 October 2015 10 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151010154621/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/society/143553/dry-haze-sends-rising-number-of-southern-children-to-hospitals.html dead Counter-measures Firefighting thumb|upright=1.35|President Joko Widodo of Indonesia, inspecting the work in building retention basin to restore peatland moisture and to stop the forest fire in Rimbo Panjang, Riau. Both Indonesia and Malaysia started daily cloud seeding on 15 September.http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-and-indonesia-begin-cloud-seeding-to-fight-haze-how-cloud-seeding-works Malaysia and Indonesia begin cloud seeding to fight haze: How cloud seeding works Chew Hui Min The Straits Times 15 September 2015 15 September 2015Cloud seeding done daily http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/cloud-seeding-done-daily https://web.archive.org/web/20151007235021/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/cloud-seeding-done-daily dead 7 October 2015 7 October 2015 Fourteen helicopters were deployed by Indonesian authorities to dump water on fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan, and cloud seeding aircraft were deployed to Kalimantan.https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Regional/2015/09/15/Indonesia-fights-blazes-Helicopters-water-bomb-hotspots-in-Sumatra/ Indonesia fights blazes Agence France-Presse The Star 15 September 2015 15 September 2015 In Malaysia, the cloud seeding operation was carried out for 10 days until 25 September in areas such as Kuching, Sri Aman, Kota Samarahan and Sarikei in Malaysian Borneo and Klang Valley in peninsular Malaysia.https://www.theborneopost.com/2015/09/15/cloud-seeding-operations-begin-today/ Cloud seeding operations begin today *updated* Geryl Ogilvy Ruekeith The Borneo Post 15 September 2015 15 September 2015https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/09/15/malaysia-to-begin-cloud-seeding-as-schools-shut-due-to-haze Haze forces school closures in Malaysia, with officials to try cloud-seeding to induce rain Associated Press US News 15 September 2015 15 September 2015 The Indonesian government also started building retention basins to restore moisture to the peatland in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Dry peatland, due to the dry season and also drainage for oil palm cultivation, was cited as the reason that fire spread quickly. Retention basins were built by blocking water flow in drainage canals, and the re-wetted peatland would serve to check the fire.http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/07/15/after-peat-fires-riau-shows-down-earth-approach-ending-haze.html After the peat fires, Riau shows down-to-earth approach to ending haze Warief Djajanto Basorie The Jakarta Post 15 July 2014 21 October 2015https://www.facebook.com/presidenID/posts/459759717546216 Joko Widodo recent activities in Facebook Joko Widodo Facebook 10 October 2015 21 October 2015 Firefighting efforts involved Singapore, Malaysia and Australia. Russian-made Beriev Be-200 water bombers were involved. Haze: Indonesia needs more firefighting aircraft http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-needs-more-firefighting-aircraft The Straits Times 21 October 2015 hermes 21 October 2015 One of them had arrived at 21 Oct 0411 hours. A Beriev Be-200 by the Russians arrived at Palembang. http://www.ichigolabbit.com/2015/10/a-beriev-be-200-by-the-russian-arrived-at-palembang-.html 9V-ichigoLabbit - Aviation News 21 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20160305001948/http://www.ichigolabbit.com/2015/10/a-beriev-be-200-by-the-russian-arrived-at-palembang-.html 5 March 2016 dead Mitigation of health effects Free face masks were distributed to residents in areas worst affected by the haze and many schools in Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak, Singapore as well as Indonesia were ordered to close.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/15/malaysia-closes-schools-as-indonesian-forest-fires-cloak-region-in-smoke Malaysia resorts to cloud-seeding in hope of clearing smoke over region Agence France-Presse The Guardian 15 September 2015 15 September 2015http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/haze-forces-closure-of-schools-across-spore Haze forces closure of schools across Singapore The Straits Times 25 September 2015 25 September 2015http://nasional.tempo.co/read/news/2015/10/08/079707538/kabut-asap-ganggu-sekolah-kalender-akademik-dijadwal-ulang Kabut Asap Ganggu Sekolah, Kalender Akademik Dijadwal Ulang id Faiz Nashrillah Tempo 8 October 2015 9 October 2015 Most Indonesian pharmacies sold oxygen cylinders to the public.http://www.radarpekalongan.com/97134/disaat-asap-tak-kunjung-hilang-masyarakat-harus-membeli-oksigen/ Disaat Asap Tak Kunjung Hilang, Masyarakat Harus Membeli Oksigen id Radar Pekalongan 7 October 2015 9 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151117043328/http://www.radarpekalongan.com/97134/disaat-asap-tak-kunjung-hilang-masyarakat-harus-membeli-oksigen/ 17 November 2015 usurped dmy-all Singapore launched legal action that could lead to massive fines against Indonesian companies blamed for farm and plantation fires spewing unhealthy levels of air pollution over the city-state.https://www.manilatimes.net/singapore-moves-vs-indon-firms-over-haze/220785/ Singapore moves vs Indon firms over haze The Manila Times 26 September 2015 27 September 2015 Singapore also launched its own supplies for its residents, mainly to those elderly households who are very vulnerable to the haze with the distribution of AIR+ smart masks to 29,000 elderly residents along with WeCare PAcks, which contain food and essential items like eyedrops, vitamin C tablets, biscuits, instant noodles and canned food.http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/haze-supplies-30-000/2130702.html Haze supplies: 30,000 households to get WeCare PAcks, 29,000 masks for needy elderly Xabryna Kek Hetty Musfirah Abdul Khamid Channel News Asia 16 September 2015 17 September 2015 17 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150917193726/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/haze-supplies-30-000/2130702.html dead In Thailand, Songkhla Province governor Songpol Sawasditham set up a "war room" to provide aid to affected residents and to combat the impact of smog from Indonesian forest fires. The Thai government also launched an application called Air4ASEAN that tracked the spread of the haze from the Indonesian fires, and monitored the air quality in different countries. Criticism of responses Residents and non-governmental organisations in Riau and Central Kalimantan complained about the lack of aid and inaction from the Indonesian government over the ongoing forest fires.http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/protesters-in-kalimantan/2142782.html Protesters in Kalimantan decry Indonesian inaction against forest fires, haze Kane Cunico Channel News Asia 22 September 2015 22 September 2015 24 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150924170115/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/protesters-in-kalimantan/2142782.html deadhttps://www.ibtimes.com/indonesians-protest-government-inaction-over-managing-forest-fires-2107827 Indonesians Protest Government Inaction Over Managing Forest Fires Madhav Mohan International Business Times 22 September 2015 22 September 2015 An NGO (non-governmental organisation) called the "Mandate of People's Suffering" as well as some Riau residents even wrote to the Malaysian government requesting aid.http://nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/670367-kecewa-dengan-ri--warga-riau-ngadu-ke-malaysia Kecewa dengan RI, Warga Riau Ngadu ke Malaysia Rochimawati Ali Azumar id Viva.co.id 6 September 2015 14 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150908162535/http://nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/670367-kecewa-dengan-ri--warga-riau-ngadu-ke-malaysia 8 September 2015 dead dmy-allhttp://video.metrotvnews.com/play/2015/10/05/437786/pemuda-muhammadiyah-riau-minta-bantuan-malaysia-atasi-kabut-asap Pemuda Muhammadiyah Riau Minta Bantuan Malaysia Atasi Kabut Asap ARV id video 01:28 Metro TV News 5 October 2015 6 October 2015 6 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151006071138/http://video.metrotvnews.com/play/2015/10/05/437786/pemuda-muhammadiyah-riau-minta-bantuan-malaysia-atasi-kabut-asap dead Some residents and leaders in Riau claimed that the central government was intentionally providing a slow and inadequate response, although the situation had been worsening over time. They explained that foreign aid had been blocked,http://vietnamnews.vn/miscellany/276819/indonesia-accepts-international-help-to-combat-fires.html Indonesia accepts international help to combat fires Việt Nam News Agence France-Presse 8 October 2015 10 October 2015 12 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151012093432/http://vietnamnews.vn/miscellany/276819/indonesia-accepts-international-help-to-combat-fires.html dead even though the government had shown an inability to combat the fires itself, and that sub-standard masks were handed out to locals.http://www.jpnn.com/read/2015/09/21/328004/Tokoh-Riau-Tuding-Pemerintahan-Jokowi-Lakukan-Genosida- Tokoh Riau Tuding Pemerintahan Jokowi Lakukan Genosida id Jawa Pos 21 September 2015 8 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150930202728/http://www.jpnn.com/read/2015/09/21/328004/Tokoh-Riau-Tuding-Pemerintahan-Jokowi-Lakukan-Genosida- 30 September 2015 deadhttp://nasional.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/umum/15/10/06/nvrvv9335-demi-allah-kabut-asap-ini-sudah-seperti-genosida Demi Allah! Kabut Asap Ini Sudah seperti Genosida id Republika Online 6 October 2015 8 October 2015https://www.eramuslim.com/berita/nasional/warga-riau-rezim-ini-bunuh-63-juta-rakyat-riau-pelan-pelan.htm#.VhZZ-eyqqko Warga Riau: Rezim Ini Bunuh 6,3 Juta Rakyat Riau Pelan-Pelan id Era Muslim 7 October 2015 8 October 2015 The Indonesian government was also criticised for promising to cut CO 2 emissions by 20% but failing to provide any commitment to zero deforestation as the country has overtaken Brazil in terms of deforestation.https://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/Forest-fires-indonesia-pekanbaru/blog/54046/ Choked in smoke – living in the thick of Indonesia's haze Zamzami Greenpeace International 11 September 2015 14 September 2015 Indonesia has received a new record from the Guinness World Records as the country with the fastest destruction of forest due to fire. During the crisis, Indonesia surpassed the United States as the second largest producer of CO 2 in the world due to the haze,https://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-great-haze-explainer-20151021-htmlstory.html Fires in Southeast Asia may be emitting more greenhouse gases than the entire U.S. Jonathan Kaiman Los Angeles Times 21 October 2015 22 October 2015 just behind China. The haze, which sent air pollution levels up to 'very unhealthy' levels in neighbouring Malaysia and Singapore, also affected the Pacific nations of Guam, Palau and the Northern Marianas. Guam's Office of Homeland Security and Civil Defence spokesperson Jenna Gaminde warned the public to expect the haze to reduce visibility and adversely affect those with respiratory issues. Western Melanesia was currently susceptible to winds from Typhoon Koppu and Champi pulling smoke plumes from vast fires in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The World Resources Institute said in an October report that since early September, carbon emissions from the fires had exceeded average US daily output on 26 out of 44 days.South-East Asian haze strikes the Pacific as fires exceed greenhouse gas output of the US 21 October 2015 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-21/se-asian-fires-producing-more-greenhouse-gas-than-us-report-says/6874598 21 October 2015 American Broadcasting Companyhttp://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/10/151021_indonesia_emisi_as Gara-gara kabut asap, Indonesia kalahkan AS soal emisi karbon id BBC News 21 October 2015 21 October 2015 If the haze continues until next year, the haze could be the worst haze crisis in Southeast Asia since the 1997 Southeast Asia haze.http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/10/151002_indonesia_asap_rekorn Kebakaran hutan dan lahan Indonesia bisa samai insiden 1997 id BBC News 2 October 2015 21 October 2015 30 May 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220530033621/https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/10/151002_indonesia_asap_rekorn dead Robert Field, a NASA scientist from Columbia University, stated: If the forecasts for a longer dry season hold, this suggests 2015 will rank among the most severe events on record. Weak enforcement of environmental laws have been criticised; in previous forest burnings, many of the perpetrators, who mostly comprised employees of Indonesian palm oil companies, had been caught with strong evidence of criminal activity but still managed to escape from getting heavier penalties. A group of Malaysians gathered in front of the Indonesian embassy in Kuala Lumpur to show their protest over Indonesia's illegal fires.http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-videos/malaysians-protest-against-indonesias-illegal-fires-67056 Malaysians protest against Indonesia's illegal fires video 00:35 Astro Awani 18 September 2015 8 October 2015 6 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151006021357/http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-videos/malaysians-protest-against-indonesias-illegal-fires-67056 dead In Thailand, around 50 Thais held a peaceful protest in front of the Indonesian consulate in Songkhla to demand that the Indonesian government expedite their action in combating the fires.https://www.nationthailand.com/national/30270326 PM: Asean help needed on smog The Nation 7 October 2015 7 October 2015 8 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151008232126/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/PM-Asean-help-needed-on-smog-30270326.html live Another 20 Thais representing the "Hatyai-Songkhla Residents Affected by Haze from Indonesia" group also sent a letter to the Indonesian consulate asking Indonesia to take responsibility and give its commitment to solve the issue.https://www.thesundaily.my/news/1574046 Thais send letter of complaint to Indonesia Bernama The Sun 6 October 2015 7 October 2015 Tensions also arose with Singapore when Singapore's largest supermarket NTUC FairPrice withdrew paper products made by an Indonesian company, Asia Pulp & Paper (APP) as APP was named as one of the companies responsible for the haze.https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-07/singapore-s-biggest-grocer-pulls-toilet-paper-in-haze-rebuke Singapore Retailer Pulls Indonesian Toilet Rolls in Haze Row Sharon Chen Bloomberg.com Bloomberg 7 October 2015 7 October 2015 Reactions Indonesia – President Joko Widodo has instructed government agencies to revoke the permits of any palm oil companies involved in the burning of forests and urged the arrest of those responsible. https://globalvoicesonline.org/2015/09/13/haze-returns-to-southeast-asia-as-indonesias-forest-fires-reach-critical-level/ Haze Returns to Southeast Asia as Indonesia's Forest Fires Reach Critical Level Carolina GlobalVoices 13 September 2015 14 September 2015 While Jokowi conceded in September 2015 that the recurrent haze was "not a problem that you can solve quickly", he insisted that Indonesia had "gone to great lengths" to tackle the problem, and declared: "You will see results soon and in three years we will have solved this".Indonesia 'needs time' to tackle haze - Joko Widodo https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34387979 BBC News 4 October 2015 Around 25,000 Indonesian National Armed Forces troops had been deployed to battle the fires.http://www.3news.co.nz/world/indon-accepts-international-help-on-fires-2015100820#axzz3o6L3EQED Indonesia accepts international help on fires Agence-France Presse 3 News NZ 8 October 2015 10 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151012082051/http://www.3news.co.nz/world/indon-accepts-international-help-on-fires-2015100820#axzz3o6L3EQED 12 October 2015 dead dmy-all While Indonesian Member of Parliament (MP) Hamdhani Mukhdar Said apologised to both Malaysia and Singapore over the haze,http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/indonesian-mp-apologises/2112520.html Indonesian MP apologises to Singapore, Malaysia for haze Melissa Goh Channel News Asia 8 September 2015 14 September 2015 11 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150911032602/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/indonesian-mp-apologises/2112520.html dead Indonesia's Vice-President Jusuf Kalla restated his position that Indonesia has no obligation to apologise to neighbouring countries for the haze caused by "forest fires" lasting "a month at the most" when these countries were not "grateful" for the "months" of "fresh air from our green environment and our forests when there are no fires".Indonesia VP Kalla reiterates that Indonesia does not need to apologise to neighbours over haze http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/kalla-reiterates-that-indonesia-does-not-need-to-apologise-to-neighbours-over-haze The Straits Times 25 September 2015 26 September 2015 26 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150926020730/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/kalla-reiterates-that-indonesia-does-not-need-to-apologise-to-neighbours-over-hazehttps://qz.com/512956/indonesia-provides-nice-air-most-of-the-time-and-all-you-do-is-complain-about-the-pollution/ Indonesia provides "nice air" most of the time, and all you do is complain about the pollution Steve Mollman Quartz 29 September 2015 29 September 2015 In a separate speech, Kalla said that Indonesia is "open", and requested that "Singapore, please come if you want to help. Don't just talk".Singapore should help solve haze issue, not just talk about it: Indonesian V-P Jusuf Kalla http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/singapore-should-help-solve-haze-issue-not-just-talk-about-it-indonesian-v-p-jusuf The Straits Times 28 September 2015 29 September 2015 29 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150929051048/http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/singapore-should-help-solve-haze-issue-not-just-talk-about-it-indonesian-v-p-jusuf live dmy However, Indonesian Environment and Forestry Minister Siti Nurbaya Bakar had earlier rejected any Singaporean offers to help Indonesia by stating that Indonesia had enough resources to deal with the crisis.http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/jakarta-declines-help-to-fight-fires Jakarta declines help to fight fires Wahyudi Soeriaatmadja The Straits Times 13 September 2015 14 September 2015 October saw the Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management (BNPB) requesting help from Malaysia, Singapore or other countries to secure bigger aerial firefighting aircraft for Indonesia, around the same time as the Indonesian cabinet finally agreed to receive international help with the crisis, with President Jokowi declaring that Indonesia was now "working with a number of countries including Singapore", and other officials saying that Russia had also offered to help. Cabinet Secretary Pramono Anung explained why Indonesia had earlier rejected Singapore's help, saying that "if we are assisted, the government does not want them to claim the credit".Jakarta rejected earlier offers 'over concerns S'pore would claim credit' https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/jakarta-rejected-earlier-offers-over-concerns-spore-would-claim-credit Today 10 October 2015 Malaysia – Prime Minister Najib Razak has demanded Indonesia take action against companies responsible for illegal forest fires blanketing parts of Southeast Asia in smoke, adding "Only Indonesia alone can gather evidence and convict the companies concerned".https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34438189 Malaysia's Najib Razak demands Indonesia take action over haze BBC News 5 October 2015 6 October 2015 Meanwhile, Malaysian Education Minister Mahdzir Khalid has stated "We will not compromise with anything that may bring harm to our children in schools". The Malaysian government has called Indonesia to ratify a new memorandum of understanding to tackle transboundary haze. According to Malaysian Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Wan Junaidi Tuanku Jaafar the MoU would let both countries "assisting and exchange ideas with each other in the case of jungle and peat soil fires while requiring Indonesia to comply with its side of the bargain".http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/malaysia-indonesia-sign-new-mou-tackle-transboundary-haze-73066 Malaysia, Indonesia to sign new MoU to tackle transboundary haze Bernama Astro Awani 12 September 2015 14 September 2015 17 February 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200217205603/http://english.astroawani.com/malaysia-news/malaysia-indonesia-sign-new-mou-tackle-transboundary-haze-73066 dead The Fire and Rescue Department of Sarawak has ready to assist in putting out peat fires in Pontianak, Kalimantan, Indonesia if it is instructed to do.https://www.thesundaily.my/news/1555843 Sarawak Fire and Rescue Department ready to put out fires in Kalimantan Bernama The Sun 17 September 2015 19 September 2015 Malaysian military has also offered to help Indonesia to fight fires in both Sumatra and Kalimantan as stated by Malaysian Defence Minister Hishammuddin Hussein.http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/09/30/055705111/Malaysia-Offers-Military-Assistance-Fighting-Forest-Fire-Haze Malaysia Offers Military Assistance Fighting Forest Fire, Haze Putri Adityowati The Malay Mail, Antara Tempo 30 September 2015 30 September 2015 Singapore – On 3 June 2015, preceding both the dry season and the 2015 haze crisis, the Singaporean government offered Indonesia an 'assistance package' to combat haze; Singapore said assistance had been "consistently" offered "since 2005". The 2015 offer included three C-130 aircraft, one Chinook helicopter and a Singapore Civil Defence Force team.Singapore renews haze assistance package offer to Indonesia http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-renews-haze/1889412.html Channel News Asia 11 October 2015 3 June 2015 18 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151018140518/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-renews-haze/1889412.html dead The offer to deal with the crisis was again reiterated to Indonesia in September when Singapore was then affected by the haze.https://www.theborneopost.com/2015/09/11/singapore-offers-assistance-to-indonesia-to-combat-haze/ Singapore offers assistance to Indonesia to combat haze Bernama The Borneo Post 11 September 2015 14 September 2015 At first, Indonesia accepted the offershttp://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/environment/indonesia-has-accepted-singapores-offer-to-help-fight-forest-fires-in-sumatra Indonesia has accepted Singapore's offer to help fight forest fires in Sumatra The Straits Times 11 September 2015 14 September 2015 but rejected it under a recent statement by its Environment and Forestry Minister as confirmed by its ministry's chief spokesman, Mr Eka Soegiri. Singapore has since reiterated the offer according to its former Minister for Environment and Water Resources, Dr Vivian Balakrishnan.http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-reiterates/2125790.html Singapore reiterates offer of assistance to Indonesia to fight forest fires Channel News Asia 14 September 2015 15 September 2015 16 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150916074810/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-reiterates/2125790.html dead Dr Vivian also delivered Singapore's national statement at the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Summit 2015 on 27 September 2015 at the UN Headquarters in New York US. The Summit has adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a long-term global development framework that includes a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals. In the statement, Minister Balakrishnan also called for closer regional and international co-operation on the issue of transboundary haze pollution in Southeast Asia.Singapore's National Statement by Minister Vivian Balakrishnan at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015 http://www.news.gov.sg/public/sgpc/en/media_releases/agencies/mewr/press_release/P-20150928-1.html https://archive.today/20151006110235/http://www.news.gov.sg/public/sgpc/en/media_releases/agencies/mewr/press_release/P-20150928-1.html dead 6 October 2015 4 October 2015 On 7 October 2015, after the haze had affected parts of Southeast Asia for more than a month, Indonesia finally accepted Singapore's offer to help.Indonesia accepts Singapore's offer of haze assistance package http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/indonesia-accepts/2175204.html 8 October 2015 9 October 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151009065841/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/indonesia-accepts/2175204.html dead Singapore's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said the request was sent via the Indonesian embassy in Singapore. Thailand – Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha ordered its Foreign Ministry co-operate closely with neighbouring countries to tackle the chronic problem that has gripped parts of Southeast Asia. He also instructed officials in each affected province to spray water in the air to help improve visibility and to supply masks to the public. Thailand has said that they would push for ASEAN-level efforts to combat the haze. The Thai government has also offered them help in tackling the haze problem according to its Foreign Ministry deputy permanent secretary Vitavas Srivihok, as the Indonesian envoy had admitted his country's efforts alone were not enough to stop the fires.https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/723728/government-offers-to-help-jakarta-fight-haze-hazard Government offers to help Jakarta fight haze hazard Prangthong Jitcharoenkul Patsara Jikkham Amornrat Mahitthirook Bangkok Post 9 October 2015 10 October 2015 See also Social and environmental impact of palm oil Oil palm References External links 2015 Indonesian haze Brunei Darussalam Meteorological Department https://web.archive.org/web/20151008114638/http://www.bruneiweather.com.bn/ 8 October 2015 id Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Indonesia Department Of Environment Malaysia Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration Singapore National Environment Agency Thai Meteorological Department Vietnam National Centre for Hydro‑Meteorological Forecasting https://web.archive.org/web/20150809055736/http://www.nchmf.gov.vn/Web/en-US/43/Default.aspx 9 August 2015 Category:Southeast Asian haze Category:2015 in Southeast Asia Category:2015 natural disasters Category:2015 in Brunei Category:2015 in Cambodia Category:2015 disasters in Indonesia Category:2015 in Malaysia Category:2015 disasters in the Philippines Category:2015 in Singapore Category:2015 in Thailand Category:2015 disasters in Vietnam Category:2015 in the environment 2015 Southeast Asian haze Category:Environment of Cambodia Category:Environment of Brunei Category:Environment of Singapore Category:Environmental issues in Thailand Category:Environment of Vietnam Category:Environmental disasters in Asia Category:Health disasters in Malaysia Category:Fires in Indonesia Category:Health in Brunei Category:Pollution in the Philippines Category:Health in Singapore Category:Health in Thailand Category:Health in Vietnam