1989 Soviet census

Last census to take place in the USSR 1989 All-Union Population Census 1979 120px Soviet State Emblem 150px Census Logo Soviet Union republic Soviet Census (1979) 1989 01 12–1989 01 19 286,730,819 9.3% Russian SFSR147,400,537 Estonian SSR1,572,916 thumb|1989 Soviet census information pamphlet thumb|1989 census form The 1989 Soviet census (ru Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 1989 All-Union Census), conducted between 12 and 19 January of that year, was the final census carried out in the Soviet Union. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants.This is the total "de facto" population (nalichnoye naseleniye – наличное население); the "permanent" population (postoyannoye naseleniye – постоянное население) was about 1 million persons fewer. Over time, the State Statistics Committee changed its method of reporting population totals in censuses. In the 1959 and 1970 censuses, it used the permanent population; in 1979 and 1989 it used the de facto or present population. See Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "'Permanent' and 'Present' Populations in Soviet Statistics," Soviet Studies, Vol. 37, pp. 386–402, July 1985. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous country in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1990 census), although it was well below China and India. Statistics In 1989, about half of the Soviet Union's total population lived in the Russian SFSR, and approximately one-sixth (18%) of them in the Ukrainian SSR. Almost two-thirds (65.7%) of the population was urban, leaving the rural population with 34.3%.Encyclopædia Britannica Book of the Year 1991, Soviet Union, page 720. In this way, its gradual increase continued, as shown by the series represented by 47.9%, 56.3% and 62.3% of 1959, 1970 and 1979, respectively.United Nations: Demographic Yearbook, Historical supplement - Population by sex, residence, and intercensal rates of increase for total population, each census: 1948-1997, on the UN Statistics Division website (unstats.un.org https://web.archive.org/web/20100616112623/http://www.unstats.org/ 2010-06-16 ). The last two national censuses (held in 1979 and 1989) showed that the country had been experiencing an average annual increase of about 2.5 million people, although it was a slight decrease from a figure of around 3 million per year in the previous intercensal period, 1959–1970. This post-war increase had contributed to the USSR's partial demographic recovery from the significant population loss that the USSR had suffered during the Great Patriotic War (the Eastern Front of World War II), and before it, during Stalin's Great Purge of 1936–1938. The previous postwar censuses, conducted in 1959, 1970 and 1979, had enumerated 208,826,650, 241,720,134, and 262,436,227 inhabitants, respectively. In 1990, the Soviet Union was more populated than both the United States and Canada together, having some 40 million more inhabitants than the U.S. alone. However, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late 1991, the combined population of the 15 former Soviet republics stagnated at around 290 million inhabitants for the period 1995–2000. This significant slowdown may in part be due to the remarkable socio-economic changes that followed the dissolution, that have tended to reduce even more the already decreasing birth rates (which were already showing some signs of decline since the Soviet era, in particular among the people living in the European part of the Soviet Union, beginning from 1988 to 1989). TodaySeptember 2024 the population of the 15 former Soviet republics is around 299 million, with much of this growth attributed to the Central Asian states, which have increasing fertility, and in a smaller part Azerbaijan and Russia. Estonia, Belarus, Armenia and Georgia have also recorded some positive growth in the recent years. Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia and Lithuania are in continuous decline in population since early 1990s, although Ukraine's decline seemed to stabilise in early 2010s, before the Russo-Ukrainian war. Since 2019 Lithuania seems to appear some first signs of stabilisation around 2.8 million. center|800px|Largest cities of the USSR according to the 1989 census. Ukrainian SSR Ranking of Soviet republics Rank Soviet Republic Population as of1979 Census Population as of1989 CensusAlmanaque Mundial 1996, Editorial América/Televisa, Mexico, 1995, pages 548–552 (Demografía/Biometría table). Change Percentchange 1 Russian SFSR Russia 137,551,000 147,400,537 9,849,537 7.2% 2 Ukrainian SSR Ukraine 49,755,000 51,706,742 1,951,742 3.9% 3 Uzbek SSR Uzbekistan 15,391,000 19,905,158 4,514,158 29.3% 4 Kazakh SSR Kazakhstan 14,684,000 16,536,511 1,852,511 12.6% 5 Byelorussian SSR Byelorussia 9,560,000 10,199,709 639,709 6.7% 6 Azerbaijan SSR Azerbaijan 6,028,000 7,037,867 1,009,867 16.8% 7 Georgian SSR Georgia 5,015,000 5,443,359 428,359 8.5% 8 Tajik SSR Tajikistan 3,801,000 5,108,576 1,307,576 34.4% 9 Moldavian SSR Moldavia 3,947,000 4,337,592 390,592 9.9% 10 Kirghiz SSR Kyrgyzstan 3,529,000 4,290,442 761,442 21.6% 11 Lithuanian SSR 1988 Lithuania 3,398,000 3,689,779 291,779 8.6% 12 Turkmen SSR Turkmenistan 2,759,000 3,533,925 774,925 28.1% 13 Armenian SSR Armenia 3,031,000 3,287,677 256,677 8.5% 14 Latvian SSR Latvia 2,521,000 2,680,029 159,029 6.3% 15 Estonian SSR Estonia 1,466,000 1,572,916 106,916 7.3%   Soviet Union 262,436,000 286,730,819 24,294,819 9.3% Ethnicities of the Soviet Union Rank Ethnicity Population as of1989 Censushttp://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР Demoscope.ru Russian Percentage - Total population 285,742,511 100% 1 Russians 145,155,489 50.8% 2 Ukrainians 44,186,006 15.5% 3 Uzbeks 16,697,825 5.8% 4 Belarusians 10,036,251 3.5% 5 Kazakhs 8,135,818 2.8% 6 Azerbaijanis 6,770,403 2.4% 7 Tatars 6,648,760 2.3% 8 Armenians 4,623,232 1.6% 9 Tajiks 4,215,372 1.5% 10 Georgians 3,981,045 1.4% - Others 35,292,310 12.4% See also Demographics of the Soviet Union Republics of the Soviet Union Soviet Census (1926) Soviet Census (1937) Soviet Census (1959) Soviet Census (1970) Soviet Census (1979) Soviet Union References 2 Further reading Barbara A. Anderson and Brian D. Silver, "Growth and diversity of the population of the Soviet Union", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , Vol. 510, No. 1, 155–177, 1990. Ralph S. Clem, Ed., Research Guide to Russian and Soviet Censuses, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986. John C. Dewdney, "Population change in the Soviet Union, 1979-1989," Geography, Vol. 75, Pt. 3, No. 328, July 1990, 273–277. External links Subjects of Russia, on the www.statoids.com website (it includes the demographic evolution of the Soviet Union's population). Census Category:Censuses in the Soviet Union Category:January 1989 in the Soviet Union Soviet Union