1899–1923 cholera pandemic

Global pandemic July 2021 May 2012 thumb|Drawing of Death bringing the cholera, in Le Petit Journal (1912). The sixth cholera pandemic (1899–1923) was a major outbreak of cholera beginning in India, where it killed more than 800,000 people, and spreading to West Asia, North Africa, Eastern Europe, and Russia.Cholera's seven pandemics https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/cholera-s-seven-pandemics-1.758504 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation December 2, 2008 2019-01-03 The outbreak of the pandemic is thought to have started at the Haridwar Kumbh Mela. The epidemic spread to Europe via Punjab, Afghanistan, Persia, and southern Russia. An outbreak of cholera in New York City from 1910 to 1911 is thought to be part of the pandemic, having spread through infected people aboard the steamship Moltke which was transporting passengers from Naples. In 1913, there was a cholera outbreak in forces of the Romanian Army which were taking part in military operations of the Second Balkan War in Bulgarian areas. History According to Leonard Rogers, following an outbreak of cholera at the Haridwar Kumbh Mela, the epidemic spread to Europe via Punjab, Afghanistan, Persia, and southern Russia.http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/19328/7/07_chapter%203.pdf Time Trends of Cholera in India : An Overview R. Dasgupta INFLIBNET 13 December 2015 Rogers, L. (1926). The Conditions Influencing the Incidence and Spread of Cholera in India. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 19 (Sect Epidemiol State Med), 59–93. thumb|French map (published in 1911) showing the progress of the cholera epidemic from 1902 to 1910. The last cholera outbreak in the United States was in 1910–1911 when the steamship Moltke brought infected people to New York City from Naples. Vigilant health authorities isolated the infected on Swinburne Island, built in the nineteenth century as a quarantine facility. Eleven people died, including a health care worker at the island hospital.The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 1911 Massachusetts Medical Society In New York, up to July 22, there were eleven deaths from cholera, one of the victims being an employee at the hospital on Swinburne Island, who had been discharged. The tenth was a lad, seventeen years of age, who had been a steerage passenger on the steamship, Moltke. The plan has been adopted of taking cultures from the intestinal tracts of all persons held under observation at Quarantine, and in this way it was discovered that five of the 500 passengers of the Moltke and Perugia, although in excellent health at the time, were harboring cholera microbes. https://books.google.com/books?id=0NQEAAAAYAAJ&q=cholera+1910+moltke&pg=PP281 Cholera Kills Boy. All Other Suspected Cases Now in Quarantine and Show No Alarming Symptoms. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/07/18/104829895.pdf The sixth death from cholera since the arrival in this port from Naples of the steamship Moltke, thirteen days ago, occurred yesterday at Swinburne Island. The victim was Francesco Farando, 14 years old. New York Times July 18, 1911 2008-07-28 More Cholera in Port https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/250061412.html?dids=250061412:250061412&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=OCT+10%2C+1910&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=MORE+CHOLERA+IN+PORT&pqatl=google A case of cholera developed today in the steerage of the Hamburg-American liner Moltke, which has been detained at quarantine as a possible cholera carrier since Monday last. Dr. A.H. Doty, health officer of the port, reported the case tonight with the additional information that another cholera patient from the Moltke is under treatment at Swinburne Island. Washington Post October 10, 1910 2008-12-11 December 16, 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081216072507/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/250061412.html?dids=250061412%3A250061412&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&date=OCT+10%2C+1910&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=MORE+CHOLERA+IN+PORT&pqatl=google dead In 1913, the Romanian Army, while invading Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War, suffered a cholera outbreak that provoked 1,600 deaths.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281820179 A novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the Romanian Army during the Balkan War - 1913 Florin Leașu Codruța Nemeț Cristina Borzan Liliana Rogozea Acta medico-historica Adriatica 13 1 159–170 2015 26203545https://unibuc.ro/epidemiile-in-istorie-o-epidemie-uitata-holera-romania-si-al-doilea-razboi-balcanic-din-1913-alin-ciupala/ Epidemiile în istorie O epidemie uitată. Holera, România și al Doilea Război Balcanic din 1913 Alin Ciupală University of Bucharest 25 May 2020 rohttp://www.cnaa.md/files/theses/2012/21566/leontin_stoica_thesis.pdf Serviciul Sanitar al Armatei Române în perioada 1914-1919 Vasile Leontin Stoica Ion Creangă State Pedagogical University Chișinău 1–196 2012 ro See also Cholera outbreaks and pandemics References 30em Further reading Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History https://books.google.com/books?id=GyE8Qt-kS1kC&q=%22Third+Cholera+pandemic%22&pg=PA227 2005 Hays J.N. ABC-CLIO 9781851096589 none Azizi Mohammad-Hossein Azizi Farzaneh January 2010 History of Cholera Outbreaks in Iran during the 19th and 20th Centuries Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases 2 1 51–55 2008-5230 4154910 25197514 Category:1899 in India Category:1890s disasters in Asia Category:19th-century disasters in India Category:1890s epidemics Category:1900s epidemics Category:1910s epidemics Category:1920s epidemics Category:20th-century disasters in India Category:Cholera pandemics Category:Epidemics in India Category:1899 disasters Category:1899 in health Category:19th-century disease outbreaks Category:19th century in Nepal Category:20th century in Nepal