1 Kings 19

1 Kings, chapter 19 1 Kings 19 1 Kings 18 chapter 18 1 Kings 20 chapter 20 First book of Kings Old Testament 11 Nevi'im 4 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Kings (1 & 2 Kings) Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Kings 19 is the nineteenth chapter of the Books of Kings in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Kings in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Halley 1965 198Collins 2014 288 The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE.McKane 1993 324 This chapter belongs to the section comprising 1 Kings 16:15 to 2 Kings 8:29 which documents the period of the Omrides.Dietrich 2007 244 The focus of this chapter is the activity of prophet Elijah during the reign of king Ahab in the northern kingdom.Dietrich 2007 245 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and since the 16th century is divided into 21 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Kings is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Elijah's flight to Horeb (19:1–8) The strife for the exclusive worship of Yahweh and against Baalism in Israel took longer time and less straightforward than expected from 1 Kings 18—a fact reflected in Elijah's sudden flight to Horeb, the name used in the Book of Deuteronomy and Chronicles for Mount Sinai, where the Israelites received the Ten Commandments.Dietrich 2007 246 The dispirited Elijah miraculously received food and water as well as encouragement twice before reaching the mountain of God (cf. 1 Kings 18:46).Dietrich 2007 246 Verse 3 And when he saw that, he arose and ran for his life, and went to Beersheba, which belongs to Judah, and left his servant there.1 Kings 19:3 NKJV NKJV "And when he saw that": from Hebrew: he וַיַּ֗רְא wa-yar H 7200;1 Kings 19:3 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub The Greek Septuagint (LXX) follows the reading he וַיִרָא and renders it as grc καὶ ἐφοβήθη, "and he was afraid", which makes sense but unnecessary, because Elijah clearly understood the threat for his life when he "saw" the message from Jezebel.Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Kings 19. Accessed 28 April 2019. Beersheba: a frontier town far to the south of Jerusalem which was little mentioned after the patriarchal time (Genesis 21:14 9; Genesis 21:33; Genesis 22:19; Genesis 28:10; Genesis 46:1, etc.). The note that "it belonged to Judah" was significant because the kingdom of Judah under Jehoshaphat was in an alliance with the kingdom of Israel, so Elijah might not be safe there, although his servant (traditionally believed to be the son of the widow of Zarephath) might stay safely there.Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Kings 19. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019. Elijah's meeting with God on Horeb (19:9–18) Patterning after Moses who met God on Mount Horeb (Exodus 24; 33) Elijah hoped to have a similar meeting.Dietrich 2007 246 However, instead of encountering God in impressive natural phenomena (which would have been connected with the weather god Baal) nor in violent power (such as in 1 Kings 18:40), Elijah met a completely different God whose approach was 'extremely powerful and quietly beautiful', a clear contrast to that of 1 Kings 18 and especially 2 Kings 10.Dietrich 2007 246 The prophet was twice asked the reason for his presence, and twice he replied with the same frustration, as if God had not appeared to him in the meantime.Dietrich 2007 246 God spoke of the 7,000 Israelites who did not kneel before Baal to redress the balance of Elijah's complaint about his apparent solitude.Dietrich 2007 246 During that meeting Elijah was charged to enlist three warriors for Yahweh's cause, two of whom would 'draw a line of blood through history': Hazael of Aram and Jehu of Israel. The third one is the prophet Elisha who would actually anoint the other two to carry out Elijah's mission after Elijah was taken up to heaven (cf. 2 Kings 8:7–15; 9:1–10).Dietrich 2007 246 Verses 11–12 thumb|right|150px|God Appears to Elijah on Mount Horeb, 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld 11 And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before the Lord. And, behold, the Lord passed by, and a great and strong wind rent the mountains, and brake in pieces the rocks before the Lord; but the Lord was not in the wind: and after the wind an earthquake; but the Lord was not in the earthquake: 12 And after the earthquake a fire; but the Lord was not in the fire: and after the fire a still small voice.1 Kings 19:11–12 KJV KJV "A still small voice": or "a delicate whispering voice",Note on 1 Kings 19:12 in NKJV "a low whisper" (ESV) or "a sound, a thin silence"Note on 1 Kings 19:12 in ESV from Hebrew he קול דממה דקה, qōl' H 6963 də-mā-māh H 1827 ḏaqāh H 1851;1 Kings 19:12 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub can be rendered as "a voice of gentle silence".Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Kings 19". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. "Demamah" is an onomatopoetic word meaning "whisper", rendered as "silence" in Job 4:16 9. This is not unconnected to God's instructions to Elijah to anoint Hazael, Jehu and Elisha, to set up a new order that would 'bring about the final victory over Baal worship', not by 'spectacular demonstrations of divine power' as in chapter 18, but 'through a (quieter) political process' in which God removed some kings and appointed others.Coogan 2007 525–526 Hebrew Bible Elijah charges Elisha (19:19–21) In his lifetime, Elijah only fulfilled one out of three required appointments in 19:15-16, that is of Elisha, who would fulfill the other two appointments, when he later took over Elijah's staff (or his mantle, which was apparently his hallmark; cf. 2 Kings 2:8,14; in 1 Kings 1:8 a different Hebrew word is used).Dietrich 2007 246Coogan 2007 526 Hebrew Bible Becoming Elijah's disciple ("servant") required Elisha, who appeared to be a rich farmer, to relinquish his property and family and only to 'follow' Elijah (cf. Matthew 4:19; 8:18–22).Dietrich 2007 246 After Elijah was taken up to heaven, Elisha would anoint Hazael (2 Kings 8:7–15) and Jehu (1 Kings 9:1–13).Coogan 2007 526 Hebrew Bible Verse 19 So he departed thence, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat, who was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he with the twelfth: and Elijah passed by him, and cast his mantle upon him.1 Kings 19:19 KJV KJV "Cast his mantle": This act was apparently a part of the form of adoption of a child, here in spiritual significance, which Elisha correctly understood after a moment's bewilderment. The mantle would have been 'the rough hair-mantle characteristic of the ascetic recluse' as described of Elijah in 2 Kings 1:8, and, in the New Testament, of John the Baptist, as well as included in a warning in Zechariah 13:4 that the prophets ‘shall not wear a rough garment (Revised Version: 'a hairy mantle') to deceive.’ Verse 21 And he returned back from him, and took a yoke of oxen, and slew them, and boiled their flesh with the instruments of the oxen, and gave unto the people, and they did eat. Then he arose, and went after Elijah, and ministered unto him.1 Kings 19:21 KJV KJV "And ministered unto him": from Hebrew: he וַיְשָׁרְתֵֽהוּ way-shā-rə-ṯê-hū H 8334, literally, "and became his servant",1 Kings 19:21 Hebrew Text Analysis. Biblehub using the same root word to describe the relationship of Joshua with Moses (cf. Exodus 24:13; 33:11; Numbers 11:28).Coogan 2007 526 Hebrew Bible Elisha decisively turned his back on the life he had by 'destroying his previous means of sustenance' (cf. 1 Samuel 11:5–7) and became fully enlisted as Elijah's servant.Coogan 2007 526 Hebrew Bible See also 22em Abel-meholah Asherah Baal Cave of Elijah Damascus Idolatry Israel Jezreel Prophet Syria Tribe of Judah Related Bible parts: 1 Kings 17, 1 Kings 18, 2 Kings 1, 2 Kings 2, 2 Kings 8, 2 Kings 9, Zechariah 13, Matthew 4, Notes References Sources Collins John J. Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures Chapter 14: 1 Kings 12 – 2 Kings 25 277–296 Fortress Press 2014 https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ 978-1451469233 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Dietrich Walter 13. 1 and 2 Kings The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 232–266 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Leithart Peter J. 1 & 2 Kings Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible Brazos Press 2006 https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_gvin9G7LgC 978-1587431258 McKane William Kings, Book of Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458 registration Oxford University Press 1993 409–413 978-0195046458 Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press 1993 978-0195046458 Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 19 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Kings chapter 19. Bible Gateway 19 Category:Hebrew Bible chapters about Elijah Category:Elisha Category:Baal Category:Yahweh Category:Jezebel