1833 Sumatra earthquake

Seismic event 1833 Sumatra earthquake yes November 25, 1833 22:00 Indonesia Sumatra 8.8–9.2 Mw VIII (Heavily damaging) -2.5 100.5 inline,title Sumatra, Dutch East Indies Sunda megathrust Yes Unknown thumb|Tectonic setting of the Sunda megathrust|250px thumb|USGS map showing rupture area of the 1833 quake|250px The 1833 Sumatra earthquake occurred on November 25 at about 22:00 local time, with an estimated magnitude in the range of 8.8–9.2 w. It caused a large tsunami that flooded the southwestern coast of the island. There are no reliable records of the loss of life, with the casualties being described only as 'numerous'. The magnitude of this event has been estimated using records of uplift taken from coral microatolls.Natawidjaja D. H. Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Sieh K. Kerry Sieh Chlieh M. Galetzka J. Suwargadi B.W. Cheng H. Edwards R.L. Avouac J.-P. Ward S. N. amp 2006 Journal of Geophysical Research Source parameters of the great Sumatran megathrust earthquakes of 1797 and 1833 inferred from coral microatolls 111 B06403 n/a http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/download/pdf/4886805.pdf 10.1029/2005JB004025 2009-10-24 2006JGRB..111.6403N 10220/8480 2014-10-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20141031015838/http://core.kmi.open.ac.uk/download/pdf/4886805.pdf dead Background The island of Sumatra lies on the convergent plate boundary between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate. The convergence between these plates is highly oblique near Sumatra, with the displacement being accommodated by near pure dip-slip faulting along the subduction zone, known as the Sunda megathrust, and near pure strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault. The major slip events on the subduction zone interface are typically of megathrust type. Historically, great or giant megathrust earthquakes have been recorded in 1797, 1833, 1861, 2004, 2005 and 2007, most of them being associated with devastating tsunamis. Smaller (but still large) megathrust events have also occurred in the small gaps between the areas that slip during the larger events, in 1935, 1984, 2000 and 2002. Damage There is only sparse information available regarding the extent of damage associated with either the earthquake or the subsequent tsunami. However, the tsunami was clearly devastating along the southwest coast of Sumatra from Pariaman to Bengkulu. There is also a lone report of significant damage in the Seychelles.10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03674.x Okal E.A. Synolakis C.E. 2008 Far-field tsunami hazard from mega-thrust earthquakes Geophysical Journal International 172 995–1015 http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/emile/PDF/EAO195.pdf 2009-10-30 3 free 2008GeoJI.172..995O The tsunami also caused severe damage in the Maldives and Sri Lanka. Waves have also been reported to reach northern Australia, the Bay of Bengal and Thailand, although in small intensity.25-11-1833: Alam Hening...Lalu Gempa Dahsyat Guncang Sumatera 25 November 2014 https://m.liputan6.com/global/read/2138765/25-11-1833-alam-heninglalu-gempa-dahsyat-guncang-sumatera live https://web.archive.org/web/20160515092530/http://m.liputan6.com/global/read/2138765/25-11-1833-alam-heninglalu-gempa-dahsyat-guncang-sumatera 2016-05-15 Characteristics Earthquake The earthquake shaking lasted 5 minutes in Bengkulu and 3 minutes in Padang, combined with the severity this suggests a very large source rupture. The rupture extent and the magnitude of this earthquake has been determined using the effect of relative sea level changes on coral microatolls from a group of small islands along the outer arc ridge that runs parallel the coast of Sumatra, the Mentawai islands. These microatolls, named for their resemblance to island atolls, can be used to provide a record of sea level change. Microatolls form because the coral head cannot grow up beyond low tide level (known as highest level of survival or HLS) as exposure leads to death. The morphology of the microatolls directly reflects changes in HLS. The presence of annual growth banding combined with the Uranium-thorium dating method allows morphological changes to be dated, with an uncertainty of only a few years to a few decades. Tsunami Modelling of the tsunami suggests that most of the energy would have been radiated out into the Indian Ocean, sparing most coastal population centres outside Sumatra itself.http://www.ga.gov.au/ausgeonews/ausgeonews200503/tsunami.jsp The Boxing Day 2004 tsunami—a repeat of the 1833 tsunami? Cummins Phil Leonard, M March 2005 Geoscience Australia 2009-10-19 Detailed modelling around Sumatra matches well with limited observations available.10.1073/pnas.0604069103 Borrero J.C. Sieh K. Chlieh, M. Synolakis C.E. amp December 26, 2006 Tsunami inundation modeling for western Sumatra 19673–7 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 52 17170141 1750885 2006PNAS..10319673B free See also List of earthquakes in Indonesia List of historical earthquakes References Martin S. S. Cummins P. R. Meltzner A. J. Gempa Nusantara: A Database of 7380 Macroseismic Observations for 1200 Historical Earthquakes in Indonesia from 1546 to 1950 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 112 6 2022 0037-1106 10.1785/0120220047 2958–2980 2022BuSSA.112.2958M 253365854 10356/166257 free Category:Megathrust earthquakes in Sumatra Category:1833 in Southeast Asia Category:19th century in Indonesia Sumatra Earthquake, 1833 Category:19th-century tsunamis Category:Tsunamis in Indonesia Category:November 1833 Category:19th-century disasters in Indonesia Category:1830s disasters in Asia