2011 Nabro eruption

Volcanic eruption in the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea October 2024 2011 eruption of Nabro Volcano File:Detailed View of Erupting Nabro Volcano.jpg 285px Natural-color satellite image showing a close-up view of the volcanic plume and eruption site on 24 June 2011. 12 June 2011 Nabro Volcano est. Strombolian/Vulcanian/Plinian Eritrea, Africa 13.36 N 41.69 E inline,title 4https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=221101&vtab=Eruptions Nabro Global Volcanism Program 15 January 2019 at least 7 people killed; ash deposited on at least 8 villages in Ethiopia and Eritrea, including Mekele and Asmara; lava flow reached 1 km wide by 20 km long The 2011 Nabro eruption was an eruption of the Nabro stratovolcano in the Southern Red Sea Region of Eritrea, which began on 12 June 2011 after a series of earthquakes.A Solomon Series of moderate earthquakes hit Eritrea – Ethiopia border region http://www.ethjournal.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4141:series-of-moderate-earthquakes-hit-eritrea--ethiopia-border-region&catid=13:headlines&Itemid=19 13 June 2011 Ethiopian Journal 13 June 2011 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304170830/http://ethjournal.com/index.php?catid=13:headlines&id=4141:series-of-moderate-earthquakes-hit-eritrea--ethiopia-border-region&itemid=19&option=com_content&view=article dead The eruption killed seven and possibly a further 31 people and is estimated to be the highest altitude injection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) ever observed by satellite. The Mount Pinatubo eruption 20 years earlier emitted ten times more SO2.http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/feature-20120305b.html A-train observations of Nabro (Eritrea) eruption NASA Goddard Space Flight Center nasa.gov The ash cloud from the eruption reached altitudes which disrupted airline traffic in the region. Until the eruption began, the volcano had no records of historical eruptions. Gallery Eruption On 12 June 2011, satellite images showed a large volcanic eruption shortly after 22.00 UTC 12 June (close to 01.00 13 June local time), in the Southern Red Sea Region. It was first thought to have originated at Dubbi Volcano, but has been confirmed to be from the NabroVervaeck Armand Eritrea volcano eruption : Ash cloud advisory extending further into Africa http://earthquake-report.com/2011/06/12/unusual-series-of-moderate-volcanic-earthquakes-in-eritrea-and-ethiopia/ 13 June 2011 Earthquake – Report 13 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110614190828/http://earthquake-report.com/2011/06/12/unusual-series-of-moderate-volcanic-earthquakes-in-eritrea-and-ethiopia/ 14 June 2011 usurpedGubin Anastasia Africa: Volcán Nabro erupciona lanzando cenizas hasta Sudán http://www.lagranepoca.com/africa-volc%C3%A1n-nabro-erupciona-lanzando-cenizas-hasta-sud%C3%A1n https://archive.today/20130103161616/http://www.lagranepoca.com/africa-volc%C3%A1n-nabro-erupciona-lanzando-cenizas-hasta-sud%C3%A1n dead 3 January 2013 13 June 2011 La Gran Época 13 June 2011 esEruption at Nabro Volcano http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/cgi-app/reports?ARCHIV=0&LANG=en&MENU=207&FILE=ur.txt&DAY=20110617 17 June 2011 stratovolcano in Eritrea, near the Ethiopian border.BNO News VAAC: Eruption underway at Dubbi volcano in Eritrea http://channel6newsonline.com/2011/06/vaac-eruption-underway-at-dubbi-volcano-in-eritrea/ 13 June 2011 Channel 6 news 13 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131030/http://channel6newsonline.com/2011/06/vaac-eruption-underway-at-dubbi-volcano-in-eritrea/ 23 July 2011 deadBNO News UPDATE 1 – Volcanic eruption in Eritrea sends plume into the air, first since 1861 http://wireupdate.com/wires/18119/update-1-volcanic-eruption-in-eritrea-sends-plume-into-the-air-first-since-1861/ 13 June 2011 WireUpdate 13 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110618033434/http://wireupdate.com/wires/18119/update-1-volcanic-eruption-in-eritrea-sends-plume-into-the-air-first-since-1861/ 18 June 2011 deadVAAC Toulouse Toulouse VAAC – Volcanic Ash Advisories http://www.meteo.fr/vaac/evaa.html Meteo France Toulouse Volcano Ash Advisory Centre 13 June 2011 Five days later, on 17 June 2011, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) reported that the eruption had ceased. Then, on 18 June 2011 (at noon, local time) NASA's Aqua satellite passed overhead providing MODIS images which showed an ash plume heading in west-north-westerly direction.Satellite Image Shows Nabro Volcano Eruption Is Ongoing http://www.irishweatheronline.com/news/earthquakesvolcanos/satellite-image-shows-nabro-volcano-eruption-is-ongoing/20515.html 18 June 2011 18 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110619210046/http://www.irishweatheronline.com/news/earthquakesvolcanos/satellite-image-shows-nabro-volcano-eruption-is-ongoing/20515.html 19 June 2011 dead On 19 June 2011, the volcano produced the highest level of sulfur dioxide emissions in the Earth's atmosphere ever detected from space. Satellite images showed a 15 km long lava flow.Zusammenfassung: Nabro, Puyehue, und diverse Erdbeben http://vulkane.net/blogmobil/?p=2443 de 23 June 2011 The next day, on 20 June 2011: VAAC reported that the SO2 eruption was continuing.Toulouse VAAC http://www.meteo.fr/vaac/archives/NABRO/e.20110620170300.NABRO.201121.201106201800.html 20 June 2011 Between the 22 and 27 June 2011, the eruption of sulfur dioxide, water vapour, and ash was confirmed to be still active by MODIS pictures taken from the TERRA satellite.SO2, Ash Emissions From Nabro Volcano Drift Over Ethiopia http://www.irishweatheronline.com/news/earthquakesvolcanos/so2-ash-emissions-from-nabro-volcano-drift-over-ethiopia/21182.html 23 June 2011 23 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110627125624/http://www.irishweatheronline.com/news/earthquakesvolcanos/so2-ash-emissions-from-nabro-volcano-drift-over-ethiopia/21182.html 27 June 2011 deadNasa Terra MODIS image http://lance-modis.eosdis.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/imagery/single.cgi?image=crefl1_143.A2011178075500-2011178080000.2km.jpg 27 June 2011 In the first fifteen days of eruption, Nabro emitted a total SO2 mass of about 4.5 MT.Theys N. Campion R. Clarisse L. Brenot H. van Gent J. Dils B. Corradini S. Merucci L. Coheur P.-F. Van Roozendael M. Hurtmans D. Clerbaux C. Tait S. Ferrucci F. 2013-06-20 Volcanic SO 2 fluxes derived from satellite data: a survey using OMI, GOME-2, IASI and MODIS https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/13/5945/2013/ Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics en 13 12 5945–5968 10.5194/acp-13-5945-2013 free 1680-7324 2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/154386 free On 24 June 2011, NASA Earth Observatory provided this false-color image (below) using the Advanced Land imager on the EO-1 satellite, showing that the lava flow from the 19th had not progressed significantly further, but that the eruption was ongoing. On 30 June 2011, at least some of the people who have been evacuated are reported to be in Hawra and Wadien. thumb|right|False color image from 24 JuneThat same day, eruption satellite images seem to show the volcano has stopped producing the ash cloud. By 1 July 2011, eruption satellite images show a fresh ash cloud eruption, diminishing until 4 July, when the ash eruption still appears to be ongoing.Nasa Lance-modis image http://lance-modis.eosdis.nasa.gov/imagery/subsets/?subset=SERVIR_Africa_Horn.2011185.terra.367.1km 4 July 2011 Under a week later, on 6 July 2011, the ash cloud seems to have again stopped being produced. On 7 July 2011, SO2 emissions were much reduced. But on 12 July 2011, the eruption was still ongoing.NASA SO2 images for Afar and southern Red Sea http://so2.gsfc.nasa.gov/pix/daily/0711/afar_0711z.html July 2011 Other eruptions Small eruptions were also reported in the Afambo and Sireru areas.Eritrean Volcano erupts economic mayhem for Ethiopia http://www.addisfortune.com/Eritrean%20Volcano%20Erupts%20Economic%20Mayhem%20for%20Ethiopia.htm 12 June 2011 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20110623142440/http://addisfortune.com/Eritrean%20Volcano%20Erupts%20Economic%20Mayhem%20for%20Ethiopia.htm 23 June 2011 On 22 June 2011, the Eritrean government reported that a lava flow up to 1 km 1 wide and up to 15 m high had surfaced in Seriru, southern Denkalia, and destroyed vegetation for about 20 km.Government Taking Close Care of Nationals Affected By Earthquake And Volcanic Eruption http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6088-government-taking-close-care-of-national-affected-by-earthquake-and-volcanic-eruption- 22 June 2011 23 June 2011 26 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110626132453/http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6088-government-taking-close-care-of-national-affected-by-earthquake-and-volcanic-eruption- dead By 27 June 2011, a thick emission of smoke from new lava eruptions were also reported in South Denkalia, Husele and Gagun. Then on 30 June 2011 the Eritrean government reported that the lava flow in Seriru had slowed to 20 m per day. They also reported that in some places the flow was 4 km wide and 20 m high.No accident witnessed on human or animal lives, Say displaced inhabitant of Sireru http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6189-no-accident-witnessed-on-human-or-animal-lives-say-displaced-inhabitant-of-sireru- 30 June 2011 2 July 2011 4 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110704015453/http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6189-no-accident-witnessed-on-human-or-animal-lives-say-displaced-inhabitant-of-sireru- dead Note: It is still uncertain whether the information regarding the lava flow in "Seriru" refers to the main flow, as seen from the satellite images, though it seems likely. Ash cloud The eruption has ejected a large ash cloud near the Eritrea–Ethiopia border region, extending over 1000 km mi on into neighboring Sudan.Duran Jim Dubbi volcanic ash cloud expands westward through Northern Africa http://www.theweatherspace.com/news/TWS-06_13_2011_dubbi.html https://archive.today/20120914065713/http://www.theweatherspace.com/news/TWS-06_13_2011_dubbi.html usurped 14 September 2012 13 June 2011 The Weather Space 13 June 2011 Warren Miller The height of the ash cloud peaked at 14,000 m,http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=51135 Eruption at Nabro Volcano 20 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110630062329/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=51135 30 June 2011 live implying a VEI of 4. Forecasters predicted correctlyAsh cloud from Eritrean volcano reaches Israel https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=224929 14 June 2011 that the ash plume might reach Israel,Masa Israel ענן וולקני מהר געש באריתריאה מתקדם לעבר ישראל מסע אחר http://www.masa.co.il/article/5383/ Masa.co.il 13 June 2011 he but no flights were cancelled at Ben-Gurion Airport on 14 June. Elsewhere, however, the ash cloud began disrupting air traffic on 14 June with UAE-based Emirates flights being cancelled;"Emirates flights to Africa disrupted", Dubai Chronicle 14 June 2011. Accessed 14 June 2011 flights disruptions extended to other companies the following day. Nabro volcano eruption affects flights in Northeast Africa Cathy Buyck http://atwonline.com/operations-maintenance/news/nabro-volcano-eruption-affects-flights-northeast-africa-0614 Air Transport World 15 June 2011 24 June 2011 Hillary Clinton, Secretary of State for the United States, shortened her state visit to Ethiopia. Djibouti Airport was closed, and several airlines suspended flights to Ethiopia.Heinlein Peter Eritrea Volcano Disrupts East Africa Air Travel https://www.voanews.com/a/eritrea-volcano-disrupts-east-africa-air-travel-123819484/140738.html 15 June 2011 Voice of America 14 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110615013403/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/africa/east/Eritrea-Volcano-Disrupts-East-Africa-Air-Travel-123819484.html 15 June 2011 live Mek'ele and Asmara were partially covered by volcanic ash.Nabro: Annulation de vols en Erythrée http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/6/14/brevesdafrique-180067.asp 14 June 2011 fr 17 June 2011 22 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110617203312/http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2011/6/14/brevesdafrique-180067.asp dead Effects On 16 June, the inhabitants of Afambo, Nebro, and Sireru were evacuated.Inhabitants of Afambo, Nebro and Sireru moved to safer locations http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6011-inhabitants-of-afambo-nebro-and-sireru-moved-to-safer-locations 16 June 2011 22 June 2011 19 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110619070558/http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6011-inhabitants-of-afambo-nebro-and-sireru-moved-to-safer-locations dead By 19 June, ash had been deposited at least 60 km mi on beyond the Ethiopian border in a WNW–to–SSW direction. By 20 June, eight villages in the Biddu district of Ethiopia were covered by volcanic ash, affecting at least 5,000 people and polluting springs and streams. One entire community has not been heard from. Save the Children reports many community members, especially children, are sick and in desperate need of medical attention. Vomiting and retching were reported as being common effects.Eritrea volcano ash hits Ethiopia villagers https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13847054 20 June 2011 BBC News On 21 June, an Eritrean government statement reported seven people have been killed and three injured.Volcanic Eruption in Southern Red Sea Region creates new landmass http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6072-volcanic-eruption-in-southern-red-sea-region-creates-new-landmass 21 June 2011 22 June 2011 18 May 2026 https://web.archive.org/web/20260518234255/http://www.shabait.com/news/local-news/6072-volcanic-eruption-in-southern-red-sea-region-creates-new-landmass deadFirst video from the eruption at the Eritrean side of the border http://earthquake-report.com/2011/06/22/unusual-series-of-moderate-volcanic-earthquakes-in-eritrea-and-ethiopia/ 21 June 2011 22 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110622164414/http://earthquake-report.com/2011/06/22/unusual-series-of-moderate-volcanic-earthquakes-in-eritrea-and-ethiopia/ 22 June 2011 usurped It was also reported that the Lake Afrera salt deposits now contain sulfuric acid, making the salt inedible. On 6 July, reports suggest 48,000 people in the Bidu, Afdera, Erebti, Elidar, Teru and Kori woredas were in need of aid (with ash affecting food and water sources), and that the casualty total had reached 31 dead in the Bidu woreda. Another 167,153 people, in the Elidar and Kori woredas, were reported as requiring monitoring according to the Afar regional government. However a spokesman for the Ethiopean Government Agriculture Ministry is reported to have said "We have looked at the document and I would like to make it clear that it is not a national document and that we have not endorsed it, the ministry has no record of casualties, it is still too early to say how many people had been affected and needed help."ERITREA-ETHIOPIA: Thousands need aid after volcano eruption http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=93161 6 July 2011 Geology The erupting volcano is in the Afar Triangle, in the larger Danakil Depression that holds many other active volcanoes. However, neither volcano thought potentially responsible for the eruption had been active in the past century, with Dubbi last erupting in 1861 and Nabro remaining quiet for thousands of years. No eruption of Nabro occurred before in recorded history."Eruption at Nabro Volcano, Eritrea", NASA Earth Observatory. 13 June 2011. Accessed 13 June 2011 Basalt, trachyte and rhyolite are among the rock types which Nabro has produced as lava flows and pyroclastics.Archived copy 28 September 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20040928013453/http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=0201-101 Earthquakes A series of moderate earthquakes occurred near a sparsely populated part of the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, starting at 15:37 UTC on Sunday, 12 June 2011. By 21:37 UTC, at least 19 earthquakes of magnitude 4.5 or greater had occurred.http://www.emsc-csem.org/Earthquake/Map/zoom.php?key=121&typ=euro#5 Map Zoom – LAT: 10 – 20; LON: 36 – 46 EMSC 18 June 2011 18 June 2011 The tremors were associated with this eruption.Stuff NZ Quake swarm hits Ethiopia-Eritrea http://www.stuff.co.nz/world/africa/5136811/Quake-swarm-hits-Ethiopia-Eritrea 13 June 2011 Stuff New Zealand 13 June 2011 The initial quake registered a magnitude of 5.1 w y with a focal depth of 10 km (6.2 mi), and was succeeded by multiple lighter tremors. Hours later, two consecutive magnitude 5.7 w y earthquakes struck the region at 20:32 and 21:03 UTC, occurring at very similar depths.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Maps/10/45_10_eqs.php Earthquake List for 10-degree Map Centered at 10°N, 45°E United States Geological Survey 18 June 2011 18 June 2011 The latter tremors resulted in localized strong shaking, registering at VII (very strong) on the Mercalli scale near the epicenters.https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc00045xc.php Magnitude 5.7 – Eritrea – Ethiopia Region United States Geological Survey 12 June 2011 12 June 2011 References 2011 Nabro Eruption Category:2011 natural disasters Category:History of the Horn of Africa Category:21st-century volcanic events Category:2011 earthquakes Category:History of the Afar Region Category:2011 in Ethiopia Category:2011 in Eritrea Category:Earthquakes in Africa Category:Natural disasters in Ethiopia Category:Earthquakes in Eritrea Category:June 2011 in Africa Nabro Category:Volcanic eruptions in Africa Category:Plinian eruptions Category:2011 disasters in Africa Category:2011 disasters in Ethiopia Category:History of Eritrea