1910 Spanish general election

none 1910 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1907 Spanish general election 1907 1914 Spanish general election 1914 All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate203 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 8 May 1910 (Congress)"1May" Congress candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law were proclaimed on 1 May 1910.Soldevilla 1911 14422 May 1910 (Senate)"27May" The Senate election in the province of the Canary Islands was postponed to 27 May 1910.Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado Madrid Gazette 136 16 May 1910 es Real decreto disponiendo que las elecciones de Senadores que, con arreglo al Real decreto de 14 de Abril último, tendrán lugar en todas las provincias de la Monarquía el día 22 del corriente, se verifiquen en la de Canarias el día 27 del actual https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1910/136/A00301-00301.pdf 30128 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=4086e7ce-ad77-4d69-ac67-8de361264262 Senadores por Canarias es National Library of Spain La Época 18 December 2022 170x170px José Canalejas Democratic–Liberal 69BC39 9 February 1910As prime minister. Canalejas would be elected leader of the Liberal Party on 20 July 1910.Soldevilla 1911 362–363 Alcoy 79 D Congress of Deputies31 S SenateResults for PL (72 deputies and 25 senators) and PDM (7 deputies and 6 senators) in the 1907 election. 223 D Congress of Deputies104 S Senate 10px 144 D Congress of Deputies10px 73 S Senate 170x170px Antonio Maura Conservative Party (Spain) 11 November 1903 Palma 256 D Congress of Deputies113 S Senate 110 D Congress of Deputies46 S Senate 10px 146 D Congress of Deputies10px 67 S Senate 170x170px Benito Pérez Galdós Republican–Socialist Conjunction 1909 Madrid 17 D Congress of Deputies2 S SenateResults for UR, not including Catalonia (15 deputies and 1 senator), and RAS (2 deputies and 1 senator) in the 1907 election. 29 D Congress of Deputies3 S Senate 10px 12 D Congress of Deputies10px 1 S Senate 170x170px Bartolomé Feliú Jaimist 1909 Tafalla 14 D Congress of Deputies6 S Senate 10 D Congress of Deputies3 S Senate 10px 4 D Congress of Deputies10px 3 S Senate 170x170px Enric Prat de la Riba Regionalist 1902 Did not run 13 D Congress of Deputies5 S Senate 8 D Congress of Deputies5 S Senate 10px 5 D Congress of Deputies10px 0 S Senate 170x170px José María Vallés Republican Nationalist Federal Union 1910 Barcelona (lost) 18 D Congress of Deputies5 S SenateResults for PRF (9 deputies and 3 senators), UR in Catalonia (5 deputies and 2 senators) and CNR (4 deputies and 0 senators) in the 1907 election. 10 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 8 D Congress of Deputies10px 4 S Senate 420px Election results by Congress of Deputies electoral constituency and district 420px Election results by Senate electoral constituencies 1 Prime Minister Prime Minister after election José Canalejas Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) José Canalejas Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) A general election was held in Spain on 8 May 1910 (for the Congress of Deputies),"1May" and on 22 May 1910 (for the Senate),"27May" to elect the members of the 14th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The informal es turno system had allowed the country's two main parties—the Conservatives and the Liberals—to alternate in power by determining in advance the outcome of elections through electoral fraud, often facilitated by the territorial clientelistic networks of local bosses (the es caciques). The absence of politically authoritative figureheads since the deaths of Cánovas and Sagasta, together with the national trauma from the Spanish–American War, weakened the internal unity of both parties and allowed faction leaders and local es caciques to strengthen their positions as power brokers. Antonio Maura's return to power in 1907 was characterized by his attempt to implement regenerationism from inside the system (a "revolution from above") and a Spanish nationalist agenda. Legislatively prolific but politically controversial, Maura's tenure oversaw the Pact of Cartagena, the passage of a new electoral law, a naval shipbuilding programme, a promotion of national industry and an approach to the social question that included the approval of legal channels for labour dispute resolution, a legal framework for labour strikes and the creation of bodies responsible for social welfare. He also attempted—but failed—to reform local government through decentralization and corporatism, as well as passing a heavily repressive Law on Terrorism. The outbreak of war in Morocco, followed by Maura's decision to call up reservists and conscripts from Barcelona, unleashed a wave of anti-military unrest that reached its height during the Tragic Week. The government's repressive response (with Francisco Ferrer's execution sparking international outrage) ultimately led to Maura's downfall in October 1909 before completing his agenda. In the government crisis that ensued, King Alfonso XIII appointed Liberal leader Segismundo Moret as new prime minister. However, concerns from various party sectors towards the latter's alliances with republicans (dubbed the "Left Bloc") ultimately led to his resignation after only four months—before an election could be organized—and in a new government under José Canalejas. While Canalejas managed to secure a parliamentary majority in ensuing election and re-assert his leadership over the Liberal Party, the crisis further eroded the Restoration regime. The end of the Left Bloc led the left-wing anti-monarchist parties joining into the Republican–Socialist Conjunction, which saw the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)—whose leader, Pablo Iglesias Posse, had abandoned the party's isolationist stance—secure parliamentary representation for the first time. Background The Restoration system had entered a phase of decline following the national trauma from the Spanish–American War (the "1898 disaster") and the absence of politically authoritative figureheads since the deaths of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1897) and Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1903),Dendle 1986 34 weakening the internal unity of both dynastic parties and strengthening the position of faction leaders and local es caciques as power brokers.Fernández Almagro 1943 415Martorell Linares 1997 144 Concurrently, the anti-monarchist opposition became increasingly competitive in urban and some rural districts, partly due to the introduction of universal suffrage since 1890, partly due to the progressive weakening of the pro-government electoral apparatus.Martorell Linares 1997 144–145Montagut Eduardo 24 March 2016 El republicanismo durante la Restauración borbónica https://www.eduardomontagut.es/mis-articulos/historia/item/422-el-republicanismo-durante-la-restauraci%C3%B3n-borb%C3%B3nica.html es Eduardo Montagut 24 August 2025Serrano Lahoz 2020 32 thumb|left|alt=Spanish battleship España, in the bay of Pasajes de San Juan (Guipúzcoa), bound for the African war in 1922|Spanish battleship España, the first ship of the España-class, entered on active service in 1913. Antonio Maura, who had briefly served as prime minister between 1903 and 1904, was reappointed to the post in January 1907, forming what would become known as the "Long Government" (es gobierno largo).Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 121–123González 2002 308 Aiming to secure a solid parliamentary majority that enabled him to implement his agenda—a regenerationist approach from power (a "revolution from above") that would end political corruption and curb the power of local es caciques to secure popular support for the monarchyGonzález 2002 315Ruiz Franco 2024 1—Maura used the system's own mechanisms to organize a rigged election and secure a disproportionate amount of seats at the expense of the Liberals, breaching a tacit pact between the elites of the two parties.Martorell Linares 1997 145Juliá 1999 29–30: "... Maura not only left the electoral cleanup to a better occasion, but also the balanced es encasillado: he maintained electoral fraud while breaking the pact between the liberal and conservative elites. [es no ... Maura dejó para mejor ocasión no ya la limpieza electoral sino también el encasillado equilibrado: mantuvo el fraude electoral a la vez que rompía el pacto entre las elites liberal y conservadora.]"González 2002 320 He immediately passed a new electoral law introducing compulsory voting, independent scrutineers, additional election crimes, judicial arbitration by the Supreme Court in disputed cases and a transfer of the power to review electoral rolls from local councils to the Geographic and Statistic Institute, while allowing the automatic election of unopposed candidates.Fernández Almagro 1943 416López 1998 186–189González 2002 322–323 Through the Pact of Cartagena, Maura's government strengthened ties with the United Kingdom and France following the Tangier Crisis, while also approving the 1908 Navy Law that would authorize the construction of the España-class battleships.González 2002 324Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025Villa Caro Raúl https://exponav.org/blog/historia-naval/el-presidente-de-gobierno-antonio-maura-clave-de-la-escuadra-del-siglo-xx-en-exponav/ El Presidente de Gobierno Antonio Maura clave de la Escuadra del Siglo XX en Exponav 16 June 2016 es Exponav 21 August 2025 The government promoted the protection and strengthening of national industry to increase employment and raise living standards,González 2002 324 whereas Maura's approach to the social question aimed at defusing labour disputes through conciliation, arbitration or containing them within legal channels (such as a legal framework for labour strikes and the creation of the National Welfare Institute).Ruiz Franco 2024 1González 2002 325–326 The government also suffered several major defeats, such as opposition to its proposed Law on Terrorism in 1908, whose heavily repressive nature prompted the birth of a Liberal–republican "Left Bloc", seeing monarchists and republicans allying for the first time against one of the dynastic parties with support from the "Trust" press (the media group comprising the three main liberal newspapers: El Liberal, El Imparcial and El Heraldo de Madrid).Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 123González 2002 326–327 In the flagship proposal of his Spanish nationalist agenda, Maura attempted to reform the local administration by introducing municipal self-governance, decentralization and corporate suffrage,López 1998 204González 2002 321Ruiz Franco 2024 2 but the Liberal–republican opposition was able to obstruct the passage of this law.Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025Royal Academy of History 2022 Ferrera Cuesta, Carlos. Personajes: Segismundo Moret y Prendergast. Retrieved 18 August 2025González 2002 323 Seeking to strengthen cohesion among the various party factions that questioned his position, Liberal leader Segismundo Moret maintained this strategy during this period.Martorell Linares 1997 145 thumb|alt=Barcelona burning during the Tragic Week|Barcelona during the Tragic Week. In July 1909, the attack on Spanish railway workers by Riffian tribes led to the outbreak of the second Melillan campaign; the disaster of Wolf Ravine later that month, in which over 150 Spanish soldiers were killed, prompted the government to order the immediate mobilization of reservists from Barcelona.Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025Ruiz Franco 2024 2–3 The recruitment proved unpopular, unleashing a wave of anti-war unrest among the working class—motivated by anger at wealthier families being able to "exempt" their offspring from military service by paying a fee (the es redención en metálico or "cash redemption") or by hiring a replacement ("substitution"), in a system known as the es quintas—that reached its peak during the events of the Tragic Week.Martínez Ruiz Maqueda Abreu De Diego 1999 123 The state's heavy-handed response (with over 100 killed and 1,700 arrested in the riots and a two-month suspension of constitutional rights across the country)Robles Muñoz 2009 109 and the execution of anarchist activist Francisco Ferrer on 13 October sparked widespread outrage: protests took place in major cities across Europe and Latin America under the chant "Maura, no!", with the scale of the international outcry being compared to that of the Dreyfus affair.Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025González 2002 327–328Ruiz Franco 2024 3 The parliamentary counterattack from the Left Bloc proved effective: Maura resigned on 21 October and King Alfonso XIII appointed Moret as prime minister.Royal Academy of History 2022 Ferrera Cuesta, Carlos. Personajes: Segismundo Moret y Prendergast. Retrieved 18 August 202522 October 1909 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=438e4c33-00ee-48f3-81e5-2c929b6d853a Dimisión del gobierno. Los liberales en el poder es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 23 August 2025Soldevilla 1910 406–410 This episode became the first occasion in the Restoration system that political pressure from the dynastic party in opposition was successful in bringing down the party in power,Juliá 1999 34–35 which would lead to Maura declaring the liquidation of the Pact of El Pardo and "implacable hostility" to the Liberals in power.Soldevilla 1910 413–417Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: Eduardo Dato Iradier. Retrieved 19 August 2025 Once in power, the Liberal Party saw itself embroiled in an internal crisis, as Moret marginalized the Count of Romanones due to his involvement with the Spanish Rif Mining Company (CEMR), whereas his Left Bloc's dominance over more experienced Liberals was a cause of concern for others.Royal Academy of History 2022 Ferrera Cuesta, Carlos. Personajes: Segismundo Moret y Prendergast. Retrieved 18 August 2025Soldevilla 1911 30–33Royal Academy of History 2022 Moreno Luzón, Javier. Personajes: Álvaro de Figueroa y Torres. Retrieved 19 August 2025 With election preparations underway, mounting political pressure from Romanones and various party sectors—fearing that Moret would relegate them in the es encasillado in favour of newcomers and republican allies—led the King to deny Moret a parliamentary dissolution, prompting the latter's resignation and the appointment of José Canalejas in his place on 9 February 1910.Royal Academy of History 2022 Ferrera Cuesta, Carlos. Personajes: Segismundo Moret y Prendergast. Retrieved 18 August 2025Soldevilla 1911 35–44Robles Egea 1982 147–148 Moret's downfall marked both the first time that the monarchy prevented the first government in a new "turn" from calling an election,Soldevilla 1911 50 and that it bypassed the official leader of one of the dynastic leaders.Royal Academy of History 2022 Ferrera Cuesta, Carlos. Personajes: Segismundo Moret y Prendergast. Retrieved 18 August 2025: "... This decision was crucial in the history of the Restoration: for the first time, the Monarch breached the es turno system by choosing a politician over the leader of a dynastic party. [es no ... Tal decisión fue crucial en la historia de la Restauración: por primera vez, el Monarca vulneraba el sistema del turno al escoger a un político por encima del líder de un partido dinástico.]" In the aftermath of the Tragic Week and with the Liberal takeover of power leading to the breakdown of the "Left Bloc", a number of anti-monarchist parties joined into the Republican–Socialist Conjunction ahead of incoming elections, including Pablo Iglesias Posse's Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Alejandro Lerroux's Radical Republican Party (PRR) and a faction within the Republican Union opposed to Nicolás Salmerón's decision to join Catalan Solidarity in 1906.Robles Egea 1982 153–155Serrano Lahoz 2020 38–40Fayanás Escuer Edmundo 24 May 2024 El republicanismo en los inicios del siglo XX https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/cultura---ocio/historia-politica-espana-republicanismo-inicios-siglo-xx/20240524192744227224.html es Nueva Tribuna 24 August 2025 The Catalan Solidarity alliance, having been internally weakened following the favourable stance of the Regionalist League towards Maura's proposed Local Administration Law and the PRR's successes in the 1908 Barcelona by-elections, disbanded entirely following the Tragic Week.Montagut Eduardo 22 July 2015 Solidaritat Catalana https://www.nuevatribuna.es/articulo/cultura---ocio/solidaritat-catalana/20150722175849118298.html es Nueva Tribuna 24 August 2025 Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 21 April 1907 for the Congress and on 5 May 1907 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 21 April and 5 May 1912, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 14 April 1910, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 8 May (Congress) and 22 May 1910 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 15 June.Royal Decree of 14 April 1910 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty. Amendments in 1907 introduced compulsory voting, excepting those over 70, the clergy and—within their territories—trial judges and public notaries.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 1–2.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90García Muñoz 2002 107–108Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 8 August 1907 art. 3. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing ten seats or more could choose up to four candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between eight and ten seats, up to three less; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 20–21.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89–92 The 1907 electoral law abolished special districts and introduced automatic election for candidates in uncontested seats.Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 29 & 88.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 90–91Uncontested districts were those where the number of candidates was equal to or fewer than the available seats. Whenever vacancies remained, a by-election was held to fill the remaining seats. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 306 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 28, electing 98 seats) was entitled the following seats:Law of 8 August 1907 add. arts. 2–3 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3, and Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1; am. amended by Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, Law of 10 July 1888, Law of 18 June 1895, Law of 2 August 1895, Law of 5 July 1898, Law of 7 August 1899, Law of 24 March 1902, and Law of 5 April 1904). Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 7 Barcelona 5 Palma, Seville 4 Cartagena 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Las Palmas, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31 & 53; Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 arts. 1–2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 55–58. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 8 August 1907 arts. 3–7. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. Servants in the judiciary or the prosecution ministry. Amendments in 1907 required candidates to either have previously served as deputies or be nominated by two current or former senators (or same-province deputies); three current or former provincial deputies (from the same province); or at least one twentieth of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from nominating more than one candidate (except in multi-member constituencies, which used the same partial block voting system for nominations as for elections).Law of 8 August 1907 art. 24. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.). The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 8 May 1910 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % A.29 Candidates elected automatically under Article 29 of the Electoral Law. Cont. Candidates elected in contested districts. Total Democratic–Liberal Party (D–L) 70 153 223 Conservative Party (PC) 38 72 110 Republican–Socialist Conjunction (CRS) 3 26 29 Republican Nationalist Federal Union (UFNR) 0 10 10 Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 3 7 10 Regionalist League (LR) 2 6 8 Integrist Party (PI) 1 2 3 Autonomist Republican Union Party (PURA) 0 2 2 Independents (INDEP) 2 7 9 Total 119 285 404 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters Sources"1May"Soldevilla 1911 149–1628 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=48605d28-8b83-41e4-aeb3-dccd6fcd12c4 Las elecciones de hoy. Candidatos que luchan es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 21 August 20259 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=fc9644ac-09f0-4e7a-8d82-eb79fb275607&page=2 El resultado de las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Heraldo de Madrid 30 November 20229 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=a64db796-607e-4f9b-b59b-1965df3537dc&page=2 Datos oficiales de toda España es National Library of Spain La Mañana 30 November 20229 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=725c0134-5966-4a02-8cef-9290b4c7767c Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Globo 30 November 20229 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=4645963c-b22e-4b88-82a1-465f6867a54e Las elecciones generales es National Library of Spain La Época 30 November 20229 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=576deb3f-7508-4f6b-bbad-3c64e4961a7d&page=2 Resultados oficiales es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 30 November 202213 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=9775d3b5-6e48-43fd-b041-565e769c659f El nuevo Congreso es National Library of Spain La Época 1 September 2025 Seats #ddd 550px 500px D–L Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 55.20 PC Conservative Party (Spain) 27.23 CRS Republican–Socialist Conjunction 7.18 UFNR Republican Nationalist Federal Union 2.48 CT Traditionalist Communion 2.48 LR Regionalist League 1.98 PI Integrist Party 0.74 PURA Autonomist Republican Union Party 0.50 INDEP Independent politician 2.23 Senate + ← Summary of the 22 May 1910 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Democratic–Liberal Party (D–L) 104 Conservative Party (PC) 46 Integrist Party (PI) 5 Regionalist League (LR) 5 Republican–Socialist Conjunction (CRS) 3 Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 3 Republican Nationalist Federal Union (UFNR) 1 Social Defence Committee (CDS) 1 Independents (INDEP) 3 Archbishops (ARCH) 9 Total elective seats 180 Sources"27May"Soldevilla 1911 179–18322 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=63185ddb-f5c9-43d0-8e25-ca3bb89c007c La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 17 December 202223 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=433de499-cb38-4c64-8572-62e363abeaf4 Los nuevos senadores es National Library of Spain El País 17 December 202223 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=3b23b79b-9634-41f1-822b-2c90bba6cfca&page=2 Los nuevos senadores es National Library of Spain La Mañana 17 December 202223 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=cd97a62f-1425-4883-b9e2-256cf3fe2627 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Liberal 17 December 202223 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=093c6347-acf0-4418-80f8-6dba1d25eb17&page=3 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Globo 17 December 202223 May 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=0ca7cf40-adad-4637-8cde-2345bba9add3 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 17 December 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px D–L Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 57.78 PC Conservative Party (Spain) 25.56 PI Integrist Party 2.78 LR Regionalist League 2.78 CRS Republican–Socialist Conjunction 1.67 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.67 UFNR Republican Nationalist Federal Union 0.56 CDS Social Defence Committee 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 1.67 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.00 Maps Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 14th Restoration Cortes (1910–1914) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total D–L Monarchist Democratic Party (PDM) 152 16 327 Liberal Party (PL) 68 86 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 2 Monarchist Coalition (MON) 2 0 PC Conservative Party (PC) 109 45 156 Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) 1 1 CRS Republican Union (UR) 13 2 32 Radical Republican Party (PRR) 11 0 Federal Republican Party (PRF) 3 1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 1 0 Independents (INDEP) 1 0 CT Traditionalist Communion (Jaimist) (CT) 5 3 13 Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) 5 0 LR Regionalist League (LR) 8 5 13 UFNR Republican Nationalist Federal Union (UFNR) 10 1 11 PI Integrist Party (PI) 2 3 8 Anti-Liberal Catholic Alliance (ACA) 1 2 PURA Autonomist Republican Union Party (PURA) 2 0 2 CDS Social Defence Committee (CDS) 0 1 1 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 7 3 12 Independent Catholics (CAT) 2 0 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 9 9 Total 404 180 584 See also Encasillado Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Ley disponiendo que las primeras y sucesivas elecciones que se verifiquen en la provincia de Zamora se dividirá en siete distritos en la forma que se expresa Law 18 June 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/170/A01001-01001.pdf 14 August 2025 Law of 18 June 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral de las provincias de León y Vizcaya Law 2 August 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/216/A00457-00458.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 2 August 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral en las provincias de Sevilla y de Barcelona Law 5 July 1898 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1898/190/A00140-00140.pdf 22 September 2022 Law of 5 July 1898 y Real decreto disponiendo el número de Senadores que han de elegir las provincias que se citan Royal Decree 16 March 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/076/A01021-01021.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 y Ley mandando que en lo sucesivo sean cuatro los Diputados a Cortes que elegirá la circunscripción electoral de Cartagena Law 7 August 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/222/A00517-00517.pdf 10 October 2022 Law of 7 August 1899 y Ley estableciendo una circunscripción para elegir tres Diputados a Cortes, que la constituirán los cuatro partidos judiciales de Ayamonte, Hueva, Moguer y la Palma, con todas las poblaciones que de ellos forman parte Law 24 March 1902 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/086/A01315-01315.pdf 30 October 2022 Law of 24 March 1902 y Ley sancionada por S. M. formando un solo distrito electoral para Diputados a Cortes con los de Las Palmas y Guía Law 5 April 1904 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1904/101/A00131-00131.pdf 1 November 2022 Law of 5 April 1904 y Ley reformando la Electoral vigente Law 8 August 1907 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1907/222/A00584-00592.pdf 28 November 2022 Law of 8 August 1907 y Real decreto declarando disueltos el Congreso de los Diputados y la parte electiva del Senado, y disponiendo que las Cortes se reúnan en Madrid el 15 de Junio próximo, y que las elecciones de Diputados y Senadores se verifiquen el 8 y 22 de Mayo próximo, respectivamente Royal Decree 14 April 1910 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1910/105/A00110-00110.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 14 April 1910 Other 30em Soldevilla Fernando 1910 El Año Político 1909 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=01e71445-3351-4c9d-a633-249f394440eb&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 22 August 2025 Soldevilla Fernando 1911 El Año Político 1910 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=eb0c9b26-f787-4679-aee5-f2aa775b1b4e&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 22 August 2025 Fernández Almagro Melchor 1943 Las Cortes del siglo XIX y la práctica electoral https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2022-01/6973rep009-010430.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 9–10 383–419 0048-7694 16 December 2020 Robles Egea Antonio Formación de la Conjunción Republicano-Socialista de 1909 https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16033repne029144.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 29 1982 145–161 Dendle Brian John Galdós in context: The Republican Years, 1907-1914 https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/galdos-in-context-the-republican-years-1907-1914/ Alicante Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library Anales Galdosianos 21 1986 33–44 0569-9924 Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 López Germán Un estudio sobre la reforma electoral conservadora de 1907 y sus posibilidades democratrizadoras http://roderic.uv.es/bitstream/handle/10550/27155/185-209.pdf?sequence=1 Valencia University of Valencia es Saitabi 48 1998 185–209 https://web.archive.org/web/20140513033316/http://roderic.uv.es/bitstream/handle/10550/27155/185-209.pdf?sequence=1 2014-05-13 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. El Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1931) https://books.google.com/books?id=U_RL9S5uSF8C&pg=PA121 es 2 Bilbao Ediciones KAL 121–132 9788470903502 Juliá Santos 1999 Un siglo de España. Política y sociedad https://archive.org/details/unsiglodeespanap0000juli es Madrid Marcial Pons 13–76 9788495379030 Armengol i Segú Josep Varela Ortega José 2001 El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923) https://books.google.com/books?id=QY99T3Mg5ykC es Madrid Marcial Pons 655–776 9788425911521 none García Muñoz Montserrat 2002 La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RGID/article/view/RGID0202120093A es Revista General de Información y Documentación 12 1 93–137 1132-1873 13 September 2020 González María Jesús 2002 'Neither God Nor Monster': Antonio Maura and the Failure of Conservative Reformism in Restoration Spain (1893–1923) https://library.fes.de/libalt/journals/swetsfulltext/15782975.pdf European History Quarterly SAGE Publications 32 3 307–334 10.1177/0269142002032003059 0265-6914 21 August 2025 Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Robles Muñoz Cristóbal 2009 ¿Acabó la Semana Trágica con Maura? Algunas claves políticas (1906-1909) https://www.icatm.net/bibliotecabalmes/sites/default/files/public/analecta/AST_82/AST_82_75.pdf es Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia 82 75–114 0304-4300 23 August 2025 Martínez Relanzón Alejandro Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923 https://journals.umcs.pl/k/article/view/4152/5068 Madrid Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio K 24 1 2017 10.17951/k.2017.24.1.145 145–154 159328027 free Serrano Lahoz Manuel Los partidos republicanos durante la Restauración (1874-1931) https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/94607/files/TAZ-TFG-2020-2563.pdf BA 2020 es University of Zaragoza 24 August 2025 Royal Academy of History https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/ Historia Hispánica 2022 es Historia Hispánica Ruiz Franco Rosario Historia Contemporánea de España. Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1923). El "gobierno largo de Maura" y la Semana Trágica https://ocw.uc3m.es/pluginfile.php/6928/mod_page/content/22/T3_Gobierno-largo-Maura-Semana-Tr%C3%A1gica.pdf 2024 es Charles III University of Madrid 18 August 2025 Category:1910 elections in Spain 1910 Category:May 1910 in Europe