1626 Lingqiu earthquake

1626 earthquake in China 1626 Lingqiu earthquake China yes 1626 06 28 s y 7.0Shen Xuhui Wangyi Peng 1626年灵丘地震烈度分布特征与阻震构造初步讨论 North China Earthquake Science 1995 13 1 http://www.nceqsci.com/fileHBDZKX/journal/article/hbdzkx/1995/1/PDF/19950102.pdf Preliminary Discussion on Intensity Distribution Characteristics and Seismic Resistance Structure of Lingqiu Earthquake in 1626 39.4 114.2 region:ID_type:event inline,title Qing dynasty 9 >5,200 dead thumb|Map of the Shanxi Rift System along the eastern margin of the Ordos Block The 1626 Lingqiu earthquake had an epicentre in Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province during the Ming dynasty. The estimated surface wave magnitude (s) 7.0 earthquake caused many buildings to collapse. Over 5,200 people were killed. Tectonic setting The Shanxi Rift System is a seismically active intra-continental rift zone in North China. Since 231 BC, eight s 7.0 earthquakes have occurred along the rift system. The 1303 Hongdong, 1556 Shanxi, and 1695 Linfen earthquakes were the deadliest associated with the rift, with death tolls of 50,000 to 830,000 respectively.Bin Li Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen Kuvvet Atakan Coulomb stress evolution in the Shanxi rift system, North China, since 1303 associated with coseismic, post-seismic and interseismic deformation Geophysical Journal International 2015 203 3 1642–1664 10.1093/gji/ggv384 https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/203/3/1642/2594789 26 September 2021 free Bounded to the west by the Lüliang Mountains, and the east by the Taihang Mountains, the Shanxi Rift forms the eastern boundary of the Ordos Block; a fragment of continental crust within the Eurasian plate. Within the rift features half-grabens. It formed when extension began in the Miocene or Pliocene, separating the crust into the Ordos Block from the North China Craton. The reason for extension in this part of China is still debated although the most agreed hypothesis is crustal deformation resulting from the India-Asia collision involving the Indian and Eurasian plates along the Main Himalayan Thrust in the Himalayas, causing the rotation of crustal blocks in China. Other hypotheses are slab rollback of the Pacific plate as it subducts along the east coast of Japan, or localised intraplate tectonics.Bin Li Kuvvet Atakan Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen Jens Havskov Stress pattern of the Shanxi rift system, North China, inferred from the inversion of new focal mechanisms Geophysical Journal International 2015 201 2 505–527 10.1093/gji/ggv025 https://academic.oup.com/gji/article/201/2/505/570211 free Dip-slip and strike-slip earthquakes in North China are consistent with ongoing crustal extension along the Shanxi Rift System. The rift extends for 1,200 km, and is up to 60 km wide. The graben is bounded by normal faults on both sides capable of generating earthquakes. Extension along the rift zone occur at a slow rate of 0.8 ± 0.3 mm/year, therefore earthquakes occur with long intervals of recurrence. The estimated magnitudes of earthquakes by Chinese researchers previously have possible inaccuracies as they are based on written descriptions and death toll from the earthquakes.Yueren Xu Honglin He Qidong Deng Mark B. Allen Haoyue Sun Lisi Bi The CE 1303 Hongdong earthquake and the Huoshan Piedmont Fault, Shanxi Graben: Implications for magnitude limits of normal fault earthquakes Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2018 123 4 3098–3121 10.1002/2017JB014928 2018JGRB..123.3098X 135046043 https://dro.dur.ac.uk/24519/2/24519.pdf Earthquake The earthquake rupture involved two conjugated faults; the Shuijian–Luoshuihe Fault, and the Huashanhe Fault. The Shuijian–Luoshuihe Fault is located west of Lingqiu County, where is strikes in a north-northeast direction. A one-meter-high fault scarp is visible on the surface, corresponding to the 1626 earthquake. Both faults have shallow dipping angles in the east and west direction, and have a normal slip sense.Ma Xingquan Li Yanbao Ran Yongkang Chen Lichun 灵丘盆地主要活动断裂和1626灵丘地震发震构造 2013 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.02.002 https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ChlQZXJpb2RpY2FsQ0hJTmV3UzIwMjExMTMwEg1kemR6MjAxMzAyMDAyGggyOTFoajJybw%253D%253D 2 December 2021 Major active faults in Lingqiu Basin and the seismogenic structure of the earthquake in 1626 Chinese 地震地质 It has an estimated magnitude of s 7.0 and China seismic intensity scale rating of IX (Destructive).Jianming Yu Seismic Risk Assessments for Border Area of Shanxi, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, China International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research 2017 6 3 http://www.ijscer.com/uploadfile/2017/0907/20170907024508332.pdf In another study, the earthquake is proposed to have occurred in the Fenwei Graben System along a strike-slip fault. The rupture is estimated at 134.13 km by 26 km, with an epicentre located at 39.4 114.2, and a hypocentre depth of 7.5 km beneath the surface.Li Chang Long Wu Jian Gao Meng Tan Study on interaction between major earthquakes around Ordos Block Chinese Journal of Geophysics 2018 61 12 4862–4872 10.6038/cjg2018L0041 http://en.igg-journals.cn/article/doi/10.6038/cjg2018L0041 2021-12-02 2021-12-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20211202124028/http://en.igg-journals.cn/article/doi/10.6038/cjg2018L0041 dead Damage At Lingqiu, many homes belonging to officials and civillains were destroyed. Liquefaction events occurred; black water erupted from dry wells. More than 5,200 people died in the county. About 80–90% of government offices, homes, and warehouses collapsed in Hunyuan County. Much of the city walls fell. Additional buildings and structures were left in ruins at Yuxian, and Laiyuan. It was felt in the provinces of Shandong, Hebei, and Henan. The shaking was also felt in Beijing.https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/905 Significant Earthquake Information National Geophysical Data Center National Geophysical Data Center 2 December 2021Wang Yue 山西灵丘地震 Shanxi Lingqiu Earthquake http://www.kepu.net.cn/vmuseum/earth/quake/document/dcm034.html kepu.net.cn 中国科普博览 2 December 2021 See also List of earthquakes in China List of historical earthquakes References Category:1620s disasters Category:Earthquakes in Shanxi Category:1620s in China Category:1626 in Asia Category:History of Datong Category:1620s earthquakes Category:1626 disasters Category:1626 in science