1928 in science

none 1928 science 1928 The year 1928 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Anthropology American anthropologist Margaret Mead publishes Coming of Age in Samoa, "a psychological study of primitive youth for Western civilization". Archaeology The old Canaanite city of Ugarit is rediscovered. Biology January – Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA.Griffith Fred. The Significance of Pneumococcal Types Journal of Hygiene Cambridge University Press 27 2 113–159 20474956 2167760 10.1017/S0022172400031879 4626734 January 1928Downie A. W. Pneumococcal transformation – a backward view: Fourth Griffith Memorial Lecture Journal of General Microbiology http://mic.sgmjournals.org/content/73/1/1.full.pdf 73 1 1–11 1972 10.1099/00221287-73-1-1 4143929 2011-11-30 free September 28 – Scottish-born microbiologist Alexander Fleming, at St Mary's Hospital, London, accidentally rediscovers the antibiotic which he will call Penicillin,Dubey R. C. Text book of Microbiology S. Chand & Company Ltd New Delhi 1999 9788121926201 579http://www.rsc.org/pdf/pressoffice/2003/penicillin.pdf Royal Society of Chemistry London Culture shock will highlight penicillin discovery 2003-09-02 2011-11-30 forgotten since Ernest Duchesne's original discovery in 1896.https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00DZVXPIK E. Duchesne 1897 Antagonism between molds and bacteria Fort Myers 2013 An English translation by Michael Witty. ASIN B00E0KRZ0E and B00DZVXPIK. American biogerontologist Raymond Pearl publishes his Rate of Living Hypothesis, proposing that lifespan is shorter in animals with faster metabolisms.Raymond Pearl 1928 The Rate of Living, Being an Account of Some Experimental Studies on the Biology of Life Duration Alfred A. Knopf New York Chemistry The Diels-Alder reaction is first described by German chemists Otto Diels and Kurt Alder. Bubble gum is invented by Walter Diemer in the United States. Computer science April – Leslie Comrie publishes an article "On the Construction of Tables by Interpolation", describing the use of punched card equipment for interpolating tables of data, and becomes the first to use such equipment for scientific calculations, using Fourier synthesis to compute the principal terms in the motion of the Moon for 1935–2000. History of science Florian Cajori begins publication of A History of Mathematical Notations. Mathematics David Hilbert and Wilhelm Ackermann publish Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik, a pioneering elementary text in first-order logic stating the Entscheidungsproblem.Hendricks, Vincent 2004 First-order logic revisited Berlin Logos Verlag 978-3-8325-0475-5 Logische Philosophie, 12 etal John von Neumann publishes Zur Theorie der Gesellschaftsspiele, a text in game theory. Medicine October 12 – An 'iron lung' medical ventilator designed by Philip Drinker and Louis Agassiz Shaw, Jr., is used for the first time, at Boston Children's Hospital in the United States for treatment of poliomyelitis. Dementia pugilistica is first described by forensic pathologist Dr. Harrison Stanford Martland, chief medical examiner of Essex County, New Jersey.Martland H. S. Punch Drunk Journal of the American Medical Association 91 15 1103–1107 1928 10.1001/jama.1928.02700150029009 Physics February 28 – C. V. Raman and K. S. Krishnan discover Raman scattering in liquids.Raman C. V. A new radiation Indian Journal of Physics 1928 2 387–398 http://hdl.handle.net/2289/2135 2013-04-14 Paul Dirac proposes the Dirac equation as a relativistic equation of motion for the wavefunction of the electron,Dirac P. A. M. The Quantum Theory of the Electron Proceedings of the Royal Society A 1928-02-01 117 778 610–624 10.1098/rspa.1928.0023 1928RSPSA.117..610D free leading him to predict the existence of the positron, the electron's antiparticle.Dirac Paul A. M. 1933-12-12 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/dirac-lecture.html Theory of Electrons and Positrons The Nobel Foundation 2011-06-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20110604044718/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/dirac-lecture.html 4 June 2011 live Hermann Weyl publishes Gruppentheorie und Quantenmechanik in Leipzig.David Speiser Gruppentheorie und Quantenmechanik: The Book and its Position in Weyl's Work 2011 Crossroads: History of Science, History of Art 79–99 Williams Kim Basel Springer en 10.1007/978-3-0348-0139-3_7 978-3-0348-0138-6 Technology February 8 – British inventor John Logie Baird broadcasts a transatlantic television signal from London to Hartsdale, New York.Transatlantic Television in 1928 http://www.bairdtelevision.com/1928.html Baird Television 2015-09-29 Extract from The New York Times 1928-02-09. June 11 Hungarian inventor Kálmán Tihanyi files patents in Germany, the United Kingdom and France for a cathode ray television transmission system.Improvements in television apparatus https://web.archive.org/web/20221204171044/https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=19301111&CC=GB&NR=313456A&KC=A 2022-12-04 . European Patent Office, Patent No. GB313456. Convention date (Germany): 1928-06-11, UK application: 1928-06-11, published: 1930-11-11, retrieved: 2009-12-25. Archived 2012-02-20. The Lippisch Ente becomes the first aircraft to fly under rocket power, completing a 1,500 m ft off us on circuit of the landing strip at the Wasserkuppe in Germany as part of the Opel RAK program led by Max Valier and Fritz von Opel. July 3 British inventor John Logie Baird demonstrates the world's first color television transmission, using scanning discs.The Hutchinson Factfinder Helicon 1999 978-1-85986-000-7 Ulster-born engineer Harry Ferguson obtains a British patent for his three-point linkage for tractors.No. 320084. July 7 – The first machine-sliced and machine-wrapped loaf of bread is sold in Chillicothe, Missouri, using Otto Frederick Rohwedder's technology. September 3 – Philo Farnsworth demonstrates to the Press the world's first working all-electronic television system, employing electronic scanning in both the pickup and display devices.http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/philo.html Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) The Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco 2011-06-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20110622033654/http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist10/philo.html 22 June 2011 dead Farnsworth Elma G. 1989 Distant Vision: Romance & Discovery on an Invisible Frontier Salt Lake City PemberleyKent 108 978-0-9623276-0-5 registration https://archive.org/details/distantvisionrom00farn/page/108 December – Completion of the Maurzyce Bridge near Łowicz in central Poland, the world's first road bridge of wholly welded construction, designed by Stefan Bryła.Chen Wai-Fah Duan Lian Handbook of International Bridge Engineering 2013 CRC Press 978-1-4398-1029-3 600–01Pescatore Jean-Pierre Borgeot Jean-Henri 2010 Chapter 10: Welding Steel Structures Blondeau Regis Metallurgy and mechanics of welding: processes and industrial application John Wiley & Sons 9780470393895 359Wojdyga Piotr 2009 Mosty firmy K. Rudzki i S-ka Bridges of K. Rudzki and Co. Rocznik Mińsko Mazowiecki 2009 17 63–74 1232-633X http://mazowsze.hist.pl/19/Rocznik_Minsko_Mazowiecki/437/2009/15610/ pdf 2013-11-07 2013-12-03 https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002551/http://mazowsze.hist.pl/19/Rocznik_Minsko_Mazowiecki/437/2009/15610/ dead The concrete pump is invented by German Max Giese. Magnetic tape is invented by German Fritz Pfleumer. Publications Arthur Eddington publishes the popular text The Nature of the Physical World in the United Kingdom, including a statement of the infinite monkey theorem.Various works by (and about) Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, which are very difficult to obtain elsewhere http://www.allais.info/priorartdocs/eddington.htm 2012-05-31 Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Owen Willans Richardson Chemistry – Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Medicine – Charles Jules Henri Nicolle Births January 4 – Henry T. Lynch (died 2019), American cancer geneticist. January 12 – Gerald Russell (died 2018), British psychiatrist. January 14 – Hans Kornberg (died 2019), German-English biochemist.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2019/12/18/professor-sir-hans-kornberg-german-born-biochemist-master-christs/ Professor Sir Hans Kornberg, German-born biochemist and Master of Christ's College, Cambridge who did pioneering research into how bacteria work – obituary The Telegraph 18 December 2019 February 14 – Sergey Kapitsa (died 2018), Russian physicist and demographer. February 18 – John Ostrom (died 2005), American paleontologist. March 8 – Gerald Bull (killed 1990), Canadian ballistics engineer. March 14 – Frank Borman (died 2023), American astronaut. March 25 – Jim Lovell (died 2025), American astronaut. March 28 – Alexander Grothendieck (died 2014), German-born French mathematician, pioneer of modern algebraic geometry. April 6 – James Watson (died 2025), American geneticist. April 20 – Charles David Keeling (died 2005), American atmospheric chemist, geochemist and oceanographer. April 29 – Heinz Wolff (died 2017), German-born British bioengineer and science populariser. May 2 – Hans Trass (died 2017), Estonian ecologist and botanist. May 4 – Bill Mollison (died 2016), Australian biologist, pioneer of permaculture. May 23 – Jean E. Sammet (died 2017), American computer programmer. May 26 – Jack Kevorkian (died 2011), American pathologist, advocate of euthanasia. June 2 – Wu Xinzhi (died 2021), Chinese paleoanthropologist. June 13 – John Forbes Nash, Jr. (died 2015), American mathematician, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate. June 25 – Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (died 2017), Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/02/science/alexei-abrikosov-nobel-laureate-in-physics-dies.html Alexei Abrikosov, Nobel Laureate in Physics, Dies at 88 The New York Times Kenneth Chang 2 Apr 2017 22 May 2019 July 6 – Bernard Malgrange (died 2024), French mathematician. July 12 – Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.Allerson Charles R. https://books.google.com/books?id=jEy67gEvIuMC&pg=PA750 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992 30 October 1993 Chemical Heritage Foundation 978-0-8412-2690-6 James Laylin K. 750 Elias J. Corey July 23 – Vera Rubin, née Cooper (died 2016), American astronomer. August 25 – Herbert Kroemer, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate.Herbert Kroemer Selected Works Of Professor Herbert Kroemer https://books.google.com/books?id=jljICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA76 9 May 2008 World Scientific 978-981-4474-68-9 76 September 7 – Donald Henderson (died 2016), American epidemiologist. October 7 – Lorna Wing, née Tolchard (died 2014), English psychiatrist. October 25 – Peter Naur (died 2016), Danish data scientist. October 26 – Erich Kukk (died 2017), Estonian phycologist and conservationist. October 30 – Daniel Nathans (died 1999), American microbiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate.United States Congress Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1980: Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, First Session https://books.google.com/books?id=2Zi2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA430 1979 U.S. Government Printing Office 430 November 22 – Bill Chaloner (died 2016), English palaeobotanist. November 28 – Tove Birkelund (died 1986), Danish historical geologist. December 26 – Martin Cooper, American "father of the mobile phone". Deaths February 4 – Hendrik Lorentz (born 1853), Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate. Grundmann Siegfried The Einstein dossiers : science and politics--Einstein's Berlin period with an appendix on Einstein's FBI file Springer Berlin New York 2005 9783540311041 238 February 5 – Xavier Arnozan (born 1852), French physician.19800035/241/31985 February 8 – Theodor Curtius (born 1857), German chemist. Daintith John Biographical encyclopedia of scientists Institute of Physics Pub Bristol Philadelphia 1994 9780750302876 195 March 19 David Ferrier (born 1843), Scottish-born neurologist. Emil Wiechert (born 1861), German physicist and geophysicist.Bormann, P. (Ed.). (2012). Dedication to the 150th birthday of Emil Wiechert (1861-1928). In P. Bormann (Ed.), New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice 2 (NMSOP 2) (pp. 1-2). Potsdam: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ. March 21 – E. Walter Maunder (born 1851), English astronomer.Obituary Notices: Fellows:- Maunder, Edward Walter Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society February 1929 89 313 http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/MNRAS/0089//0000317.000.html?high=512695a29c29710 1929MNRAS..89..313. 10.1093/mnras/89.4.313 free April 2 – Theodore William Richards (born 1868), American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate.https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1914/richards/facts/ Theodore W. Richards - Facts NobelPrize.org August 22, 2021 May 21 – Hideyo Noguchi (born 1876), Japanese bacteriologist. August 30 – Wilhelm Wien (born 1864), German physicist.https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1911/wien/facts/ Wilhelm Wien - Facts NobelPrize.org 22 August 2021 October 29 – John Macintyre (born 1857), Scottish laryngologist and pioneer radiographer. References Category:20th century in science Category:1920s in science