-onym

Suffix used in linguistics The suffix -onym (from grc ὄνυμα name) is a bound morpheme, that is attached to the end of a root word, thus forming a new compound word that designates a particular class of names. In linguistic terminology, compound words that are formed with suffix -onym are most commonly used as designations for various onomastic classes. Most onomastic terms that are formed with suffix -onym are classical compounds, whose word roots are taken from classical languages (Greek and Latin).Room 1996Harvalík Caffarelli 2007 181-220 For example, onomastic terms like toponym and linguonym are typical classical (or neoclassical) compounds, formed from suffix -onym and classical (Greek and Latin) root words (grc τόπος / place; la lingua / language). In some compounds, the -onym morpheme has been modified by replacing (or dropping) the "o". In the compounds like ananym and metanym, the correct forms (anonym and metonym) were pre-occupied by other meanings. Other, late 20th-century examples, such as hypernym and characternym, are typically redundant neologisms, for which there are more traditional words formed with the full -onym (hyperonym and charactonym). The English suffix -onym is from the Ancient Greek suffix grc -ώνυμον (ōnymon), neuter of the suffix grc ώνυμος (ōnymos), having a specified kind of name, from the Greek grc ὄνομα (ónoma), Aeolic Greek ὄνυμα (ónyma), "name". The form -ōnymos is that taken by ónoma when it is the end component of a bahuvrihi compound, but in English its use is extended to tatpuruṣa compounds. The suffix is found in many modern languages with various spellings. Examples are: Dutch synoniem, German Synonym, Portuguese sinónimo, Russian синоним (sinonim), Polish synonim, Finnish synonyymi, Indonesian sinonim, Czech synonymum. According to a 1988 studyScheetz, Names' Names, p. 1 of words ending in -onym, there are four discernible classes of -onym words: (1) historic, classic, or, for want of better terms, naturally occurring or common words; (2) scientific terminology, occurring in particular in linguistics, onomastics, etc.; (3) language games; and (4) nonce words. Older terms are known to gain new, sometimes contradictory, meanings (e.g., eponym and cryptonym). In many cases, two or more words describe the same phenomenon, but no precedence is discernible (e.g., necronym and penthonym). New words are sometimes created, the meaning of which duplicating existing terms. On occasion, new words are formed with little regard to historical principles. Words that end in -onym Onomastics Nomenclature acronym: considered to be a "word" in its original sense formed from the initials of one or more words that is pronounceable like a normal word, such as NATO, sometimes in distinction to initialism; reflecting a historical development from its component word initials agoronym: a name of a square or a marketplace.Room 1996 4 agronym: a name of a field or a plain.Room 1996 4 allonym: an author's name of another person — often, a well-known person's name; an alternative term for a pseudonym anacronym: an acronym so well-established that its origin as an abbreviation is no longer widely known and its component initials are in danger of no longer being recognized (a blend of anachronism and acronym) andronym: a male name,Room 1996 6 or a man's name adopted by a woman as a pseudonym. anonym: something created anonymously, or its creator; an unknown author; this term now generally replaced by pseudonym anemonym: name of a hurricane or violent windRoom 1996September 2023 anepronym: a portmanteau of anacronym and eponym; an original eponym of a trademark term that becomes so well established that it is used to define other objects that share its own definition (e.g., aspirin) anthroponym: a proper name of a human being, individual or collective.Room 1996 8 anthropotoponym: a type of toponym (place name) that is derived from an anthroponym antonym: a word with the exact opposite meaning of another word; an antithesis: often shown in opposite word pairs such as "high" and "low" (compare with "synonym") apronym: a word which, as an acronym or backronym, has a meaning related to the meaning of the words constituting the acronym or backronym; such as PLATO for "Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching" alluding to Plato, the philosopher and teacher aptronym: a name appropriate to its owner's occupation or physical properties, such as "Goldsmith" or "Longman" (compare with "charactonym") — coined by Franklin P. Adams asteroidonym: a proper name of an asteroid.Room 1996 13 astionym: a name of a town or city.Room 1996 13 astronym: a name of a star (or more loosely of a constellation, or other heavenly body).Room 1996 13 autoethnonym: an ethnonym of endonymic (native) origin, created and used by an ethnic group as a self-designation (see also: endoethnonym). autoglossonym or autoglottonym: a glossonym / glottonym (language name) of endonymic (native) origin, created and used by native speakers as a designation for their language. autolinguonym: a linguonym (language name) of endonymic (native) origin, same as autoglossonym / autoglottonym (see also: endolinguonym).Kamusella 2015 44 autonym: Botanical nomenclature for an automatically created name. Not to be confused with onomastic autonym, formerly used as a variant term for endonym. backronym: an ordinary word understood as an (usually amusing or ironic) acronym (a portmanteau of back + acronym), such as Fiat understood as "Fix It Again Tomorrow" basionym: the first name published for a biological taxon (species, genus, etc.), which remains the defining name for the taxon even when the taxon has been transferred to a new name caconym: a bad name, either from poor formation (as through mixing Greek and Latin) or unpleasantness (as through lengthiness or cacophony)Oxford English Dictionary (1972), "caconym, n." capitonym: a word that changes its meaning (and sometimes pronunciation) when it is capitalized, such as March and march or Polish and polish. charactonym: a name of a fictional character reflected in his personality traits, such as Shakespeare's Pistol or Bottom (compare with "aptronym") choronym: a proper name of a region or a country.Room 1996 20 chrematonym: a proper name of a particular (unique) object, natural or artificially made. For example: Hope Diamond (proper name of a famous diamond), Bayeux Tapestry (proper name of a famous tapestry), or Wanamaker Organ (proper name of a famous musical instrument).Room 1996 20 chresonym: Biol. use of a taxonomic name; historically sometimes referred to as a synonym. Sometimes divided into orthochresonyms (correct usages) and heterochresonyms (names incorrectly applied). chrononym: a proper name of a time period, like the Bronze Age, or the Middle Ages.Room 1996 21 co-hyponym: a word that shares the same superordinate term as another word. For example: "lily" and "rose" are co-hyponyms in the superordinate category "flower."Yule George The Study of Language Cambridge University Press 2020 978-1-108-73070-9 7th 136 cometonym: a proper name of a comet.Room 1996 23 comonym: a name of a village.Room 1996 25 contronym or antagonym or autoantonym: a word that may have opposite meanings in different contexts, such as cleave meaning "stick together" or "split apart" cosmonym: a proper name of a cosmic feature, outside Earth.Room 1996 27 cryptonym: a code name; a word or name used clandestinely to refer to another name or word demonym: a name, derived from a place name, for residents of that place (e.g., Utahn, from Utah, or Sioux Cityan, from Sioux City) — coined by George H. Scheetz, according to Paul Dickson in What Do You Call a Person From...? A Dictionary of Resident Names.What Do You Call a Person From...? A Dictionary of Resident Names by Paul Dickson (Facts on File, February 1990). 978-0-8160-1983-0 The term first appeared in print in 1988 in Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon by George H. Scheetz.Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon by George H. Scheetz (Sioux City: Schütz Verlag, 1988) No ISBN See also taxonym. dromonym: a name of a road or any other communication or transport route by land, water or air.Room 1996 33 drymonym: a proper name of a wood or forest.Room 1996 34 ecclesiastonym: a name referring to members of a religious entity, e.g. Methodist, Protestant, Rastafarian, Wiccan (from Greek ekklisiastís 'churchgoer') ecclesionym: a name of a church.Room 1996 34 endochoronym: a choronym (regional or country name) of endonymic (native) origin, created and used by native population as a designation for their region or country.Munteanu 2009 746 endoethnonym: an ethnonym of endonymic (native) origin, created and used by an ethnic group as a self-designation (see also: autoethnonym).Kopeček Hoch Baar 2011 201-211 endolinguonym: a linguonym (language name) of endonymic (native) origin, created and used by native speakers as a designation for their language (see also: autolinguonym).Coupland Jaworski 2009 213Kamusella 2015 44 endonym: a self-assigned name by locals of a place, or a group of people; formerly also known as autonym, but that term is polysemic (not to be confused with the autonym in botany). endotoponym: a type of toponym (place name) of endonymic (native) origin, created and used by native population as a designation for some toponymic feature in their homeland.Kopeček Hoch Baar 2011 201-211 eponymeponym: a botanical, zoological, artwork, or place name that derives from a real or legendary person; a name for a real or hypothetical person from whom a botanical, geographical, artwork or zoological name is derived; a person after whom a medical condition is named, or the condition so named. A type of taxonym. ergonym: a name of an incorporated work-oriented entity, like a workshop, company or any firm in general.Room 1996 37 ethnochoronym: a choronym derived from an ethnonym.Kozlovskaya 2017 235 ethnohydronym: a hydronym that is formed from an ethnonym.Aydemir 2013 73-92 ethnonym: a name of an ethnic group.Room 1996 38 ethnotoponym: a type of toponym that is formed from an ethnonym.Room 1996 39 exochoronym: a choronym (regional or country name) of exonymic (foreign) origin, created and used by those who don't belong to the native population of a referred territory.Kozlovskaya 2017 235 exoethnonym: an ethnonym of exonymic (foreign) origin, created and used as a designation for an ethnic group by those who do not belong to it.Kopeček Hoch Baar 2011 201-211 exolinguonym: a linguonym (language name) of exonymic (foreign) origin, created and used by those who are not native speakers of that language.Coupland Jaworski 2009 213 exonym: a name used by one group of people for another group, but who call themselves by a different name, such as "Germans" for "Deutsche"; a place name used by one group that differs from the name used by the people who live there, such as "Cologne" for "Köln".Room 1996 41 exotoponym: a type of toponym (place name) of exonymic (foreign) origin, created and used by those who don't belong to the native population of a region in which the referred toponymic feature is located.Kopeček Hoch Baar 2011 201-211 gamonym: a name bestowed as a consequence of marriage. Judy Jones married Count Stephen Smith: her gamonyms include Mrs. Stephen Smith, Judy Smith, and Countess Smith. geonym: a name of a geographic feature, on Earth.Room 1996 46 glacionym: a name of a glacier.Room 1996 47 glottonymglottonym or glossonym: a name of a language gynonym: a female name,Barolini 2005 91, 98 or a woman's name adopted by a man as a pseudonym. hagionym: a name of a saint.Room 1996 47 hagiotoponym: a type of toponym (place name) derived from a hagionym (name of a saint).Room 1996 48 helonym: a name of a swamp, marsh, or bog.Room 1996 48 heterochresonym: (biological taxonomy) see chresonym. heteronym: a word that is spelled in the same way as another but that has a different sound and meaning, for example "bow" as in "bow of a ship" or "bow and arrow" (compare "homonym") hodonym: a name of a street or road (also odonym).Room 1996 49 holonym: a word for the whole of which other words are part, in the way house contains roof, door and window; or car contains steering-wheel and engine (compare "meronym") homonym: 1: a: a word pronounced like another, but differing in meaning or derivation or spelling—also known as a homophone (e.g. to, too, two). b: a word spelled like another, but differing in derivation or meaning or pronunciation—also known as a homograph or heteronym (lead, to conduct, and lead, the metal). Compare autantonym, contronym, and heteronym. c: a word spelled and pronounced like another, but differing in meaning (pool of water, and pool, the game). 2: a namesake. 3: Biol. a taxonomic designation that is identical to another one of the same rank, but based on a different type; only one of the homonyms is considered a valid designation (see homonym (biology)). Compare to synonym. hydronym: a name of river, lake, sea or any other body of water.Room 1996 51 hypernym: sometimes spelled hyperonym, a generic word that stands for a class or group of equally ranked items, such as "tree" for "beech" or "elm", or "house" for "chalet" or "bungalow". A hypernym is said to be "superordinate" to a hyponym. hypocoronym, hypocorism, or hypocoristic: a colloquial, usually unofficial, name of an entity; a pet-name or "nickname" hyponym: an item that belongs to and is equally ranked in a generic class or group, for example "lily" or "violet" in the class of "flowers"; or "limousine" or "hatchback" in the class of "automobiles". A hyponym is said to be "subordinate" to a hyperonym. insulonym: a name of an island.Room 1996 54 isonym: 1: a word having the same root or stem as another — also known as paronym. Compare exonym, heteronym, paronym, and synonym. 2: one person's surname that is the same as another person's surname.Crow, James F., and Arthur P. Mange. "Measurement of Inbreeding from the Frequency of Persons of the Same Surname." Eugenics Quarterly, 12 (1965): 199-203.Lasker, Gabriel W. Surnames and Genetic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. 3: Biol. a taxonomic designation that is identical to another designation, and based on the same type, but published at a different time by the same or other authors (see isonym (taxonomy)). limnonym: a name of a lake or a pond.Room 1996 56 logonym: a polysemic term, with several meanings.Room 1996 57 linguonym: a name of a language macrotoponym: a type of toponym that designates an important toponymic feature, that has a wider (regional, national, continental, global) significance.Room 1996 58 meronym: a word that names a part that belongs to and is therefore subordinate to a larger entity; a part-whole relationship, such as "door" or "window" in "house", or "engine" or "steering-wheel" in "car" (compare "holonym") meteoronym: a proper name of a meteor.Room 1996 62 metonym: a word that substitutes a part for the whole it is associated with, for example "crown" for "monarch"; metonymy is the figure of speech incorporating a metonym matronym or matronymic: a name of a human being making reference to that person's mother (contrast "patronym") mononym: a word indicating the "single name" as generally applied to people e.g. Madonna or Plato. morphonym: a name of a taxonomic species.onyms https://www1.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/tennessee/nom-onyms.htm 2023-01-02 www1.biologie.uni-hamburg.dePaclt J. Terminology of -onyms as Applied in Taxonomy https://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/Congress/IBC_1954/Prop091.pdf Taxon 1 7 microtoponym: a type of toponym that is used locally, as designation for some toponymic feature that has only a local significance.Room 1996 63 necronym: a reference to or name of a person who has died. nosonym: a name of a disease. numeronym: is a number-based word. oceanonym: a name of an ocean.Room 1996 71 odonym: a name of a street or road (also hodonym).Room 1996 49 oikonym, also (Latinized) oeconym or econym: a name of a house or other building.Room 1996 35, 71 oronym: 1: a name of a hill, mountain, or mountain-range;Room 1996 75 2: a neologism for same-sounding (homophonic) words or phrases. orthonym: The correct word for a concept in a specified language. By extension in some religious and ideological cults, the one that appears in the database of the ideological or religious registry of name (such as the church or nationalist civil register). orthochresonym: (biological taxonomy) see chresonym. paedonymic: a name adopted from one's child's name, as in the kunya of Islamic names or when one is identified by means of one's child's name ("Tim's dad").Oxford English Dictionary (2005), "paedonymic, n." paronym: a word that is related to another word and derives from the same root; a cognate word, such as dubious and doubtful patronym or patronymic: a name adopted from the father's or ancestor's name, for example "Johnson" from "John," "MacDonald" from "Donald," "O'Brien" from "Brien," or "Ivanovich" from "Ivan" pelagonym: a name of a sea.Room 1996 79 phaleronym: a name of a medal, or any other honorary decoration.Room 1996 79 phantonym: a word that looks like it would mean one thing, when in reality it means something completely different. Such as "noisome" meaning "smelly" or "unhealthy" and not "noisy". phytonym: a name of an individual plant.Room 1996 80 planetonym: a proper name of a planet.Room 1996 80 plesionym or near-synonym: word that is almost synonymous with another word, but not quite poetonym: a fictional or literary nameRoom 1996September 2023 politonym: a name referring to members of a political entity potamonym: a name of a river or a stream.Room 1996 84 prosoponym: a personal name; full name of an individual person.Keats-Rohan 2007 164-165 pseudonym: a false and fictitious name, especially one adopted by an author; a pen name retronym: a compound or modified noun that replaces an original simple noun, for example "analog watch" now means what "watch" used to mean before the invention of the digital watch, and motorcycles became "solo motorcycles" when others were built with sidecars speleonym: a name of a cave or some other subterranean feature.Room 1996 92 synonym: 1: a word equivalent in meaning or nearly so to another word; a word that may be substituted for another word that has the same or a similar meaning, such as near and close (compare "antonym"). 2: In Biology, one or more names given to the same taxon, and so considered equivalent. Usually, only one of them is considered as correct (senior synonym in animal taxonomy, accepted name in plant taxonomy), while the other are considered deprecated (see synonym (taxonomy)). tautonym: a binomial or scientific name in the taxonomy of living things in which the generic and specific names are the same, such as Gorilla gorilla; a scientific name in which the specific name is repeated, such as Homo sapiens sapiens as distinct from Homo sapiens neanderthalensis; a noun component that is repeated, such as aye-aye or tom-tom; a personal name where both forename and surname are identical, such as Francis Francis taxonym: a name used for classification or identification purposes, usually signifying a relationship to something. Taxonyms include binomens, names of clades or taxas, demonyms, ethnonyms, and eponyms. Examples include canine, hominid, and Dryad. teknonym: a name that refers to a parent by the name of one of their children. textonym: a word that is generated by a single sequence of numerals keyed in to a mobile telephone; for example, 726 produces pam, ram, sam, and ran. Also called homonumeric words.Txting: The Gr8 Db8 by David Crystal (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 68, 187). 978-0-19-954490-5 thalassonym: a name of a sea. theonym: a name of a god or a goddess.Room 1996 99 The names societies give their gods at times is useful in understanding the origin of their language as well as their view of a particular deity. Analysis of theonyms has been useful in understanding the connections of Indo-European languages, and possibly their religions, in particular. In Abrahamic faiths the origin and meaning of the Tetragrammaton is sometimes deemed to have important historical or even metaphysical meaning. theronym: a name — especially a product name — that has been derived from the name of an animal.The Online Dictionary of Language Terminology - Theronym. Accessed 2009-06-08. 2009-06-09. topoanthroponym: an anthroponym that is derived from a toponym.Gary Lefman (2013): Internationalisation of People Names topoethnonym: an ethnonym that is derived from a toponym.Reis 2013 58–61 toponym: a place or geographical name; the name of an area of the body, as distinguished from the name of an organ troponym: a verb conveying a meaning that is a particular case of the meaning of another verb. For example, to duel is a troponym of to fight; to write is a troponym of to communicate; etc. The concept of troponym is to verbs as that of hyponym is to nouns. urbanonym: a name of an urban element (street, square etc.) in towns and cities.Room 1996 104 zoonym: a name of an animal.Room 1996 106 References Citations 25em Sources Aydemir Hakan Tocharian ethnotoponyms and ethnohydronyms in Xinjiang Dil Araştırmaları 2013 13 73–92 https://www.academia.edu/10606752 Barolini Teodolinda Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan M. Ferrante 2005 Tempe Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies 9780866983372 https://books.google.com/books?id=OcBkAAAAMAAJ Coupland Nikolas Jaworski Adam Sociolinguistics: The Sociolinguistics of Multilingualism 2009 4 London Routledge 9780415408547 https://books.google.com/books?id=l3AhAQAAMAAJ Harvalík Milan Caffarelli Enzo Onomastic Terminology: An International Survey Rivista Italiana di Onomastica 2007 13 1 181–220 https://pure.knaw.nl/ws/portalfiles/portal/461196/Terminology.pdf Kamusella Tomasz Creating Languages in Central Europe During the Last Millennium 2015 Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 9781137507846 https://books.google.com/books?id=4aHtBQAAQBAJ Keats-Rohan Katharine Katharine Keats-Rohan Prosopography Approaches and Applications: A Handbook 2007 Oxford Unit for Prosopographical Research 9781900934121 https://books.google.com/books?id=98L4FS-1i1YC Kopeček Vincenc Hoch Tomáš Baar Vladimír The Origins of Toponyms and Ethnonyms in the Region of the South Caucasus Region and Regionalism 2011 10 2 201–211 https://www.academia.edu/20250033 Kozlovskaya Valeriya The Northern Black Sea in Antiquity: Networks, Connectivity, and Cultural Interactions 2017 Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 9781107019515 https://books.google.com/books?id=hcwnDwAAQBAJ Munteanu Eugen Das Choronymische Mikrosystem des Rumänischen: Eine Historische Darstellung Names in Multi Lingual, Multi Cultural and Multi Ethnic Contact. Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Onomastic Sciences 2009 Toronto York University 740–750 http://www.diacronia.ro/ro/indexing/details/V257/pdf Reis Levilson C. The medieval forms and meanings of Francois: The political and cultural vicissitudes of an ethnonym French Studies Bulletin 2013 34 3 58–61 10.1093/frebul/ktt019 https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://scholar.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1014&context=mlanguages_fac subscription Room Adrian An Alphabetical Guide to the Language of Name Studies 1996 Lanham and London The Scarecrow Press 9780810831698 https://books.google.com/books?id=XEtiAAAAMAAJ Scheetz, George H. "Onomasticon I." Word Ways, 10 (August 1977): 165–67. Enlarged as "An Onomastic Onomasticon." . "An Onomastic Onomasticon." ANS Bulletin, No. 65 (28 October 1981), pp. 4–7. Revised and enlarged as Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon. . Names' Names: A Descriptive and Prescriptive Onymicon. ("What's In a Name?" Chapbook Series; 2.) Sioux City, Ia.: Schütz Verlag, August 1988. The first separately published, comprehensive historical overview of words ending in -onym, including an annotated list of 137 such words. Further reading Brown A. F. Normal and Reverse English Word List University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 1963 1-8 Herbst Richard C. Richard C. Herbst Herbst's Backword Dictionary for Puzzled People Alamo Publishing Company New York 1979 Lehnert Martin Martin Lehnert Reverse Dictionary of Present-Day English Verlag Enzyklopädie Leipzig 1971 -Ologies & -Isms: A Thematic Dictionary Laurence Urdang Gale Research Company Detroit 1981 2nd External links -onym Words That End In nym : Words That End With nym https://web.archive.org/web/20110317033033/http://words-that-end-in-nym.wordover.com/e 2011-03-17 Nym Words Onyms Category:Suffixes of Greek origin Category:Types of words Category:English suffixes Category:Scientific suffixes Category:Semantic relations