1949 United Kingdom local elections

none April 2022 1949 United Kingdom local elections United Kingdom legislative 1948 United Kingdom local elections 1948 1950 United Kingdom local elections 1950 4 to 9 April 1949 Councils Councils +/- Councillors Councillors +/- Sir Winston Churchill (cropped).jpg 125 120 160 2 0 Winston Churchill 9 October 1940 Conservative Party (UK) 341 982 Clement Attlee (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Clement Attlee 25 October 1935 Labour Party (UK) 50 854 Clement Davies (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Clement Davies 2 August 1945 Liberal Party (UK) 24 97 1949 United Kingdom local elections were held from 4 to 9 April 1949. The County Council elections resulted in gains for both the governing Labour Party and opposition Conservative Party at the Liberals' expense. However, Labour suffered heavy losses in the Borough elections. A remarkable feature of the elections was the tossup in the London County Council between Labour and the Conservatives, who each won 64 seats,Parties Dead Heat In L.C.C. Elections The Times 9 April 1949 4 51352 with the Liberals retaining one seat, that of Sir Percy Harris in Bethnal Green. Outside London, Labour lost council control of Middlesex, Essex, Northumberland, and the West Riding of Yorkshire; retained control of Derbyshire, Durham, Glamorgan, Monmouthshire, and Nottinghamshire, but won Carmarthenshire, the only county gained by Labour. Background County Councils were introduced in England and Wales on 22 September 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888. County councils were responsible for their area's strategic services, with smaller urban district councils and rural district councils responsible for other activities. The writ of the county councils did not extend everywhere: county boroughs were independent of the council for the county in which they were geographically situated, and county borough councils exercised the functions of both county councils and district councils.Edwards, John,'County' in Chambers' Encyclopedia; George Newnes, 1955 pp189–191 1949 County Council election results The England and Wales County Council elections were held the week of 4–9 April 1949. Prior to 1949 local elections were held in November, so those councillors who were due to retire in November 1948 had their terms extended to April 1949. (Local elections were later moved to the first Thursday of May.) Of the total of 3,879 vacant seats in the 62 counties in which elections were held, about half (1,938) the councillors were returned unopposed, whilst 1,941 seats were contested. The table below,Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume VII, April, 1949 United Kingdom, Page 9951 compiled by The Times newspaper, summarises the results, showing candidates returned, and individual gains and losses. Summary of results Party Councillors Gains Losses Total elected Conservative Party36019982 Labour Party6919854 Liberal Party103497 Independents (with Conservative support)12361828 Independents401011,003 Communist Party of Great Britain070 County Council Control England thumb|Map of County & Borough Councils in England Council Previous control Result Details BedfordshireDetails BerkshireDetails BuckinghamshireDetails CambridgeshireDetails CheshireDetails CornwallDetails CumberlandDetails Derbyshire Labour Party (UK) Labour Party (UK)Details DevonDetails DorsetDetails Durham Labour Party (UK) Labour Party (UK)Details East SuffolkDetails East SussexDetails Essex Labour Party (UK)Details GloucestershireDetails HampshireDetails HerefordshireDetails HertfordshireDetails HollandDetails HuntingdonshireDetails Isle of ElyDetails KentDetails Kesteven Independent (politician) Independent (politician)Details LancashireDetails LeicestershireDetails LindseyDetails London Labour Party (UK) No overall controlDetails Middlesex Labour Party (UK) Conservative Party (UK)Details Northumberland Labour Party (UK)Details Nottinghamshire Labour Party (UK)Details East RidingDetails North RidingDetails West Riding Labour Party (UK) No overall controlDetails Staffordshire No overall controlDetails West SuffolkDetails West SussexDetails WestmorlandDetails WiltshireDetails WorcestershireDetails Wales thumb|Map of Welsh local government divisions. Council Previous control Result Details AngleseyDetails BrecknockshireDetails CarnarvonshireDetails CardiganshireDetails Carmarthenshire Independent (politician) Welsh Labour PartyDetails DenbighshireDetails FlintshireDetails Glamorgan Welsh Labour Party Welsh Labour PartyDetails MerionethshireDetails Monmouthshire Welsh Labour Party Welsh Labour PartyDetails MontgomeryshireDetails PembrokeshireDetails RadnorshireDetails 1949 Borough elections There were also local elections in urban district councils, rural district councils, Municipal boroughs in London and 392 cities and towns in England and Wales in May 1949. These showed a similar advance in Conservative support to that recorded in the County Council elections. Summary of results The results for the boroughs outside London were:The Municipal Elections The Times 14 May 1949 2 51381 Party Councillors Gains Losses % Gains % Losses Conservative Party5602496%4% Labour Party7753013%87% Liberal Party194032%68% Independents12118140%60% Communist Party of Great Britain020100% By-elections in 1949 There were six Parliamentary by-elections held in 1949. All were in Labour held seats and all were retained by Labour but each one showed a movement of votes away from Labour and towards the Conservatives.C. Cook & J. Ramsden, By-elections in British politics UCL Press, 1997 p.285 Cook and Ramsden comment however that there was relatively little in these by-election results to indicate the extent to which the Tories would recover lost ground in the 1950 general election.Cook & Ramsden, op cit p152 However the first by-election to be held after the county and other local elections, in West Leeds on 21 July 1949,WGK http://www.geocities.com/by_elections/49.html#leedsw 1949 By Elections Geocities.com 2008-12-14 https://archive.today/20091025204508/http://www.geocities.com/by_elections/49.html%23leedsw dead 2009-10-25 showed the largest swing to the Conservatives in any Parliamentary contest for the previous nine months.Cook & Ramsden, op cit p285 Despite the assessment by Cook & Ramsden that the by-elections of 1949 offered little indication that the Tories would do so well in 1950, taken together with the county and other local results, a clear pattern of dissatisfaction with the Labour government can be discerned and a willingness by the electorate to turn again towards the Conservatives. General election prospects After the Second World War local elections came to be accepted increasingly as barometers of the national political mood.D. Butler & G. Butler, British Political Facts, 1900–1994; Macmillan, 1994 p443 The combined County and Borough election results offered a useful snapshot of public opinion as the Labour government elected in 1945 neared the end of its term of office. Conservative reaction The influential Conservative peer, Lord Woolton who was chairman of the Tory party between 1946 and 1955, commented that the elections had taken place on a national scale and in effect constituted a miniature general election, indicating how opinion had changed in the country since 1945. The Conservatives especially took heart from the results. Tory leader Winston Churchill told a rally at the Royal Albert Hall that the County Council contests had seen great Conservative victories and there was a prospect of more to come. He forecast that the next general election would be ‘one of the most memorable’. Anthony Eden told the same meeting that the election results showed the electorate were moving towards the Conservative approaches of lower taxation, halting further nationalisations, providing incentives and the revival of the virtue of thrift.Conservative Prospects The Times 30 April 1949 4 51369 Labour reaction For Labour, Herbert Morrison told supporters that it was inevitable that Labour would be unable to hold on to the gains it had made in the exceptional years of 1945–46. He said that Labour would have to learn the lessons of the election results, particularly tactical ones about how and in which constituencies the Tories chose to fight the hardest and put the greatest resources. This was a theme taken up in The Times leader of 14 May 1949 when it was commented that the Conservative Party machine had made great strides under Lord Woolton's direction and was now capable of enthusing its supporters and getting them to the polls in great numbers."Lessons For Labour" The Times 14 May 1949 5 51381 However, in policy terms Morrison seemed reluctant to learn lessons, saying Labour needed more of the same and arguing for further attacks on ‘powerful vested interests’ to transform great private economic interests into public concerns,The Conservative Tide The Times 2 May 1949 2 51370 a call for more nationalisation and state regulation. Liberal reaction As for the Liberals, they had read the writing on the wall. In late 1949 they persuaded Lloyd's of London to insure their candidates’ deposits for the next general election. For the sum of £5,000 Lloyds agreed to pay for all deposits lost after the first 50 up to 250.Liberal News, 28 October 1949 p1 This turned out to be a shrewd deal as 319 of the 475 candidates the Liberal Party put up at the 1950 general election lost their deposits, amounting to two thirds of the total number of candidates standing.J. S. Rasmussen, The Liberal Party: A Study of Retrenchment and Revival; Constable 1965 p17 See also United Kingdom national and local elections United Kingdom by-election records References