1965 Nobel Prize in Literature

November 2022 20px 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature Mikhail Sholokhov Swedish Academy 1901 https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1965/summary/ Mikhail Sholokhov 1960.jpg "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people." 15 October 1965 (announcement) 10 December 1965 (ceremony) Stockholm, Sweden 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature 1966 The 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the Soviet-Russian novelist Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984) "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people."Nobel Prize in Literature 1965 nobelprize.org He is the third Russian-speaking author to become the prize's recipient. Laureate Mikhail Sholokhov Mikhail Sholokhov was born in Vyoshenskaya, Russia. He fought in the Russian Civil War as a Bolshevik at the age of 13. To pursue a career as a journalist, he relocated to Moscow in 1922. He returned to his birthplace two years later and concentrated solely on his literary career. He drew inspiration for his debut book, Donskie Rasskazy ("Tales from the Don", 1925), from his experiences in both the Russian Civil War and World War I.Mikhail Sholokhov – Facts nobelprize.org His magnum opus Tikhii Don ("The Quiet Don", 1928–1966) was published in four volumes (translated as And Quiet Flows the Don (1934); The Don Flows Home to the Sea (1940); Quiet Flows the Don (1966)) to him 14 years to complete. It was praised as a potent illustration of socialist realism and became the most widely-read book in Soviet literature. Sholokhov had a keen interest in how people's lives played out against Russia's changes and problems. It took him 27 years to complete his other significant piece for the Don cycle, Podnyataya Tselina ("Virgin Soil Upturned", 1932–1960).Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov britannica.com Deliberations Nominations Sholokhov started receiving nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature since 1947. He received 20 nominations in total until he was eventually awarded.Nomination archive – Mikhail Sholokhov nobelprize.orgNomination archive – Michail Solochov nobelprize.org He received the highest number of nominations in the year 1965. For this year, the Nobel Committee received 120 nominationsNomination archive – 1965 nobelprize.org for 93 authors including Simon Vestdijk, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, Nelly Sachs (awarded in 1966), André Malraux, Ezra Pound, Pablo Neruda (awarded in 1971), E. M. Forster, Max Frisch, and Taha Hussein. 21 of the nominees were newly nominated, such as Alejo Carpentier, Konstantin Paustovsky, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, Anna Akhmatova, Marguerite Yourcenar, Gyula Illyés, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Gilbert Cesbron, Giovannino Guareschi, and Alan Sillitoe. The highest number of nominations was for the French author André Malraux (with six nominations). Eight of the nominees were women, namely: Marguerite Yourcenar, Judith Wright, Anna Akhmatova, Katherine Anne Porter, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Nelly Sachs, Maria Dąbrowska, and María Raquel Adler. The authors Jacques Audiberti, Alejandro Casona, Thomas B. Costain, Rampo Edogawa, Eleanor Farjeon, Lorraine Hansberry, Louis Hjelmslev, Mehdi Huseyn, Shirley Jackson, Randall Jarrell, Una Marson, Betty Miller, Edgar Mittelholzer, Fan S. Noli, Dawn Powell, Arthur Schlesinger, Sr., Jack Spicer, Howard Spring, Thomas Sigismund Stribling, Paul Tillich, and Aslaug Vaa died in 1965 without having been nominated for the prize. Official list of nominees and their nominators for the prize No. Nominee Country Genre(s) Nominator(s)1Anna Akhmatova (1889–1966) Soviet UnionpoetryWilliam Harkins (1921–2014) Roman Jakobson (1896–1982)2María Raquel Adler (1901–1974)Argentinapoetry, essaysCatholic University of Cuyo3Theodor Adorno (1903–1969)West Germanyphilosophy, essaysHelmut Viebrock (1912–1997)4Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1887–1970) Israelnovel, short storyBaruch Kurzweil (1907–1972)5Alceu Amoroso Lima (1893–1983)Brazilphilosophy, essays, literary criticismAcademia Mineira de Letras6Louis Aragon (1897–1982) Francenovel, short story, poetry, essaysAndré-Marc Vial (1917–1987) Robert Ricatte (1913–1995) Henri Weber (1914–2015)7Tudor Arghezi (1880–1967)Socialist Republic of Romania Romanianovel, short story, poetry, essaysAngelo Monteverdi (1886–1967)8Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974) Guatemalanovel, short story, poetry, essays, dramaErik Lindegren (1910–1968)9Wystan Hugh Auden (1907–1973) United KingdomUnited Statespoetry, essays, screenplayErnest Ludwig Stahl (1902–1992) René Wellek (1903–1995)10Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) Irelandnovel, drama, poetryWilliam Stuart Maguinness (1903–1983)11René Béhaine (1880–1966) Francenovel, short story, essaysYves Gandon (1899–1975)12Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) Argentinapoetry, essays, translation, short storyRaimundo Lida (1908–1979) The Swedish PEN Club13Henri Bosco (1888–1976) Francenovel, short storyBarthélémy-Antonin Taladoire (1907–1976)14Maurice Bowra (1898–1971)United Kingdomhistory, essays, literary criticism, poetryErnest Ludwig Stahl (1902–1992)15Martin Buber (1878–1965) AustriaIsraelphilosophyRagnar Josephson (1891–1966) Henry Olsson (1896–1985)16Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) West Germanynovel, short storyGustav Korlén (1915–2014)17Josep Carner (1884–1970) Francoist Spain Spainpoetry, drama, translationRobert Guiette (1895–1976)18Alejo Carpentier (1904–1980) Cubanovel, short story, essaysJean-Louis Flecniakoska (1913–2005)19Gilbert Cesbron (1913–1979)Francenovel, short story, essays, drama, poetryPierre Jonin (1912–1997)20André Chamson (1900–1983) Francenovel, essaysCharles Rostaing (1904–1999)21René Char (1907–1988) FrancepoetryGeorges Blin (1917–2016)22Maria Dąbrowska (1889–1965) Polish People's Republic Polandnovel, short story, essays, drama, literary criticismCarl Stief (1914–1998)23Lawrence Durrell (1912–1990) United Kingdomnovel, short story, poetry, drama, essaysPaul Gerhard Buchloh (1922–1986)24Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921–1990) Switzerlanddrama, novel, short story, essaysFriedrich Sengle (1909–1994)25Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) Norwaynovel, short story, essaysHans Heiberg (1904–1978)26Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) United Kingdomnovel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticismPierre Legouis (1891–1975)27Max Frisch (1911–1991) Switzerlandnovel, dramaRené Kaech (1909–1989) Hans Robert Jauss (1921–1997) Heinrich Matthias Heinrichs (1911–1983)28Sudhindra Nath Ghose (1899–1965)Indianovel, short story, essaysHenri de Ziégler (1885–1970)29Gopal Singh (1917–1990)Indiabiography, law, essays, translationHenrik Samuel Nyberg (1889–1974) Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982)30Giovannino Guareschi (1908–1968)Italynovel, short story, essaysMario Manlio Rossi (1895–1971)31Jean Guéhenno (1890–1978) Franceessays, literary criticismEdmond Jarno (1905–1985)32Jorge Guillén (1893–1984) Francoist Spain Spainpoetry, literary criticismHenri Peyre (1901–1988)33Jean Guitton (1901–1999) Francephilosophy, theologyÉdouard Delebecque (1910–1990)34Gunnar Gunnarsson (1889–1975) Icelandnovel, short story, poetryStellan Arvidson (1902–1997)35Leslie Poles Hartley (1895–1972) United Kingdomnovel, short story, essaysGeoffrey Tillotson (1905–1969)36Pêr-Jakez Helias (1914–1995)Francepoetry, drama, essaysAndré Lebois (1915–1978)37Taha Hussein (1889–1973) United Arab Republic Egyptnovel, short story, poetry, translationCharles Pellat (1914–1992)38Gyula Illyés (1902–1983) Hungarian People's Republic Hungarypoetry, novel, drama, essaysJános Lotz (1913–1973)39Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (1894–1980) Polish People's Republic Polandpoetry, essays, drama, translation, short story, novelJean Fabre (1904–1975)40Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh (1892–1997) Pahlavi Iran Iranshort story, translationRichard Nelson Frye (1920–2014)41Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) Swedennovel, short story Carl-Eric Thors (1920–1986)42Marcel Jouhandeau (1888–1979) Franceshort story, novel Jean Gaulmier (1905–1997)43Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) West Germanyphilosophy, novel, memoirRudolf Till (1911–1979) Léon Cellier (1911–1976)44Marie Luise Kaschnitz (1901–1974) West Germanynovel, short story, essays, drama Hermann Tiemann (1899–1981)45Yasunari Kawabata (1899–1972) Japannovel, short storyHarry Martinson (1904–1978)46Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981) Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslaviapoetry, drama, short story, novel, essaysAssociation of Writers of Yugoslavia47Erich Kästner (1899–1974) West Germanypoetry, screenplay, autobiographyWerner Betz (1912–1980)48André Malraux (1901–1976) Francenovel, essays, literary criticismGeorges Vallet (1922–994) Victor Brombert (1923–2024) Yves Le Hir (1919–2005) John Martin Cocking (1914–1986) Henri Peyre (1901–1988) Robert Niklaus (1910–2001)49Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973) Francephilosophy, dramaOlof Gigon (1912–1998)50William Somerset Maugham (1874–1965) United Kingdomnovel, short story, drama, essaysJean-Albert Bédé (1903–1977)51Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) Francoist Spain Spainphilology, history Gunnar Tilander (1894–1973) Rudolf Großmann (1882–1941) H. Baader (?) Hans Flasche (1911–1994) Olaf Deutschmann (1912–1989)52Yukio Mishima (1925–1970) Japannovel, short story, drama, literary criticismHarry Martinson (1904–1978)53Vilhelm Moberg (1898–1973) Swedennovel, drama, historyGösta Bergman (1894–1984)54Henry de Montherlant (1895–1972) Franceessays, novel, dramaLouis Moulinier (1904–1971)56Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) Italynovel, literary criticism, essays, dramaUberto Limentani (1913–1989)57Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977) Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic RussiaUnited Statesnovel, short story, poetry, drama, translation, literary criticism, memoirAndrew Chiappe (1915–1967) Frederick Wilcox Dupee (1904–1979)58Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) ChilepoetryLennart Breitholtz (1909–1998) University of Chile Juan Marichal (1922–2010)59Junzaburō Nishiwaki (1894–1982) Japanpoetry, literary criticismNaoshirō Tsuji (1899–1979)60Konstantin Paustovsky (1892–1968) Soviet Unionnovel, poetry, drama Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982)61Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980) United Statesshort story, essaysGeorge Hendrick (1929–2021)62Ezra Pound (1885–1972) United Statespoetry, essaysHans Galinsky (1909–1991)63Zayn al-ʻĀbidīn Rahnamā (1894–1990) Pahlavi Iran Iranhistory, essays, translationAli-Asghar Hekmat (1893–1980)64Wilhelm Röpke (1899–1966)West GermanySwitzerlandessaysOlof Gigon (1912–1998)65Nelly Sachs (1891–1970) West GermanySwedenpoetry, dramaGunnar Tideström (1906–1985) Henry Olsson (1896–1985)66Aksel Sandemose (1899–1965) DenmarkNorwaynovel, essaysEyvind Johnson (1900–1976)67Alan Sillitoe (1928–2010)United Kingdomnovel, short story, essays, poetry, translationRobert Graves (1895–1985)68Georges Simenon (1903–1989) Belgiumnovel, short story, memoirRené Kaech (1909–1989)69Upton Sinclair (1878–1968)United Statesnovel, short story, drama, autobiography, essaysSidney Kaplan (1913–1993)70Charles Percy Snow (1905–1980) United Kingdomnovel, essays Friedrich Schubel (1904–1991) Sylvère Monod (1921–2006)71Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984)Soviet UnionnovelKonstantin Fedin (1892–1977) Leonid Leonov (1899–1994) Aleksandr Tvardovsky (1910–1971) Alexey Surkov (1899–1983) Ivan Anisimov (1899–1966) Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad (1891–1970) Michail Khraptchenko (1904–1986) Viktor Vinogradov (1895–1969) John Stephenson Spink (1909–1985) André-Marc Vial (1917–1987)72Carl Erik Soya (1896–1983)Denmarkshort story, drama, screenplay, poetry, essaysThe Danish PEN-Club73Stijn Streuvels (1871–1969) Belgiumnovel, short storyMaurice Gilliams (1900–1982)74Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (1886–1965) Japannovel, short story Harry Martinson (1904–1978)75Gustave Thibon (1903–2001) Francephilosophy Édouard Delebecque (1910–1990)76Miguel Torga (1907–1995) Estado Novo (Portugal) Portugalpoetry, short story, novel, drama, autobiographyGöran Hammarström (1922–2019)80Lionel Trilling (1905–1975)United Statesessays, literary criticism, short storyLewis Gaston Leary (1906–1990)81Henri Troyat (1911–2007)Francenovel, biography, historyErnst Dickenmann (1902–1985)82Pietro Ubaldi (1886–1972) Italyphilosophy, essays Academia Santista de Letras83Giuseppe Ungaretti (1888–1970) Italypoetry, essays, literary criticismOtis Fellows (1908–1993)84Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970) Norwaypoetry, novelElie Poulenard (1901–1985) Johannes Andreasson Dale (1898–1975)85Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) Netherlandsnovel, poetry, essays, translationDutch Academy of Sciences The Dutch PEN-Club Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982)86Robert Penn Warren (1905–1989) United Statesnovel, poetry, essays, literary criticismCleanth Brooks (1906–1994)87Thornton Wilder (1897–1975) United Statesdrama, novel, short storyFrederick Albert Pottle (1897–1987) Peter Wapnewski (1922–2012)88Edmund Wilson (1895–1972) United Statesessays, literary criticism, short story, dramaWiktor Weintraub (1908–1988) Douglas Bush (1896–1983)89Judith Wright (1915–2000) Australiapoetry, literary criticism, novel, essaysGreta Hort (1903–1967)90Marguerite Yourcenar (1903–1987)Francenovel, essays, poetryIda-Marie Frandon (1907–1997)91Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui (1901–1982)Francoist Spain SpainnovelElie Poulenard (1901–1985)92Arnold Zweig (1887–1968) East Germanynovel, short storyDeutsche Academy of Arts Rudolph Ruzicka (1883–1978)93Arnulf Øverland (1889–1968) Norwaypoetry, essaysFrancis Bull (1887–1974) Andreas Hofgaard Winsnes (1889–1972) Prize decision The Nobel committee of the Swedish Academy was unanimous to propose that the prize should be awarded to Mikhail Sholokhov, who had been a candidate for many years and a main candidate for the prize the previous year. Committee member Anders Österling stated that "His series of novels from the land of the Don Cossacks is a classic masterpiece that retains its brilliance with every re-reading, and this folk epic still constitutes an indisputable basis for the award, even if it comes quite late." The committee discussed a proposal to share the prize between Sholokhov and Anna Akhmatova, but the idea was rejected by Anders Österling, saying that the authors had nothing but their language in common. The committee also discussed the possibility of a shared prize to Miguel Angel Asturias and Jorge Luis Borges, and to Shmuel Yosef Agnon and Nelly Sachs respectively.https://www.svd.se/a/18702cba-62c5-40ef-8569-d407d02e3e51/sanningen-om-den-mest-omstridda-nobelpristagaren Sanningen om den mest omstridda nobelpristagaren Kaj Schueler Svenska Dagbladet 5 January 2016 Swedish Reactions The choice of Sholokhov was widely criticised for being allegedly politically motivated, but was celebrated by the authorities in the Soviet Union. References External links Award Ceremony speech nobelprize.org List of all nominations nobelprize.org 1965 Nobel