2011–2012 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption

Volcanic eruption in Chile September 2020 2011–2012 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcano, Chile - NASA Earth Observatory.jpg 2011 eruption of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle yes 2011 06 04https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=357150&vtab=Eruptions Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Global Volcanism Program Smithsonian Institution 2020-01-23 yes 2012 04 21 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Plinian Ranco Province, Chile 40 35 25 S 72 07 02 W type:event_region:CL title,inline 5 The 2011–2012 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption (es puˈʝewe) was a volcanic eruption that began in the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex in Chile on 4 June 2011. The eruption, which occurred from the Cordón Caulle fissure after 51 years of the volcano being inactive, is one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the 21st century thus far.Erupción del Cordón Caulle es similar a la de mayo de 1960 At least 3,500 people were evacuated from nearby areas,Volcán Puyehue: Gobierno evacua a 3.500 personas https://web.archive.org/web/20110606042003/http://www.lanacion.cl/volcan-puyehue-gobierno-evacua-a-3-500-personas/noticias/2011-06-04/165210.html 6 June 2011 La Nación, 4 June 2011 es while the ash cloud was blown across cities all around the Southern Hemisphere, including Bariloche, Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Stanley, Porto Alegre, Cape Town, Hobart, Perth, Adelaide, Sydney, Melbourne, Wellington, Auckland and Port Moresby, forcing airlines to cancel hundreds of international and domestic flights and causing travel chaos. By 18 June the ash cloud had completed its first circle of the globe. The Chilean civil aviation authority said that "the tip of the cloud that has travelled around the world has more or less reached the town of Coyhaique", about 600 kilometres south of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle.Chilean ash makes its way home http://www.smh.com.au/world/chilean-ash-makes-its-way-home-20110618-1g8mp.html 21 June 2011 The Sydney Morning Herald 18 June 2011 An estimated one hundred million tons of ash, sand and pumice were ejected – requiring power equivalent to 70 Hiroshima atomic bombs.http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/72965/chile%C2%B4s-puyehue-volcano-eruption-equals-70-atomic-bombs Chile's Puyehue Volcano eruption equals 70 atomic bombs 14 July 2011 Buenos Aires Herald 14 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20171105233234/http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/72965/chile%C2%B4s-puyehue-volcano-eruption-equals-70-atomic-bombs 5 November 2017 dead Cordón Caulle is a volcanic fissure and has erupted many times in recorded history, most recently in 1960, following the 1960 Valdivia earthquake days earlier,https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-13657187 Chile: Puyehue volcano chain erupts, forcing evacuation 5 June 2011 BBC Online 5 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110605112008/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-13657187 5 June 2011 live whereas the Puyehue stratocone has remained dormant. Eruption thumb|upright|Puyehue Cordon Caulle erupting vent, February 2012 The Southern Andean Volcano Observatory (OVDAS) of Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería de Chile (SERNAGEOMIN) reported on 27 April 2011, 15:30 local time, an increased seismicity at the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle and set the alert Level to 3, Yellow.Reporte Especial No 13 de Actividad Volcánica https://web.archive.org/web/20110723230627/http://www2.sernageomin.cl/ovdas/ovdas7/informativos2/Informes/Reportes/RegionXIV/REAV_N13_Los-Rios_27042011.pdf 23 July 2011 es Between 20:00 on 2 June and 19:59 on 3 June, OVDAS reportedReporte Especial de Actividad Volcánica No 26 https://web.archive.org/web/20110723230518/http://www2.sernageomin.cl/ovdas/ovdas7/informativos2/Informes/Reportes/RegionXIV/REAV_N26_Los-Rios_03062011.pdf 23 July 2011 es that about 1,450 earthquakes at Puyehue-Cordón Caulle were detected, or an average of about 60 earthquakes per hour. Scientists and regional authorities flew over the volcano, noting no significant changes. The alert level remained at 3, yellow. Area residents reported feeling earthquakes during the evening of 3 June through the morning of 4 June. On 4 June, at 11:30 local time, a new round of eruption in the Puyehue volcano began. For a six-hour period on 4 June seismic activity increased to an average of 230 earthquakes per hour, at depths of 1–4 km. About 12 events were magnitudes greater than 4 of Richter magnitude, and 50 events were magnitudes greater than 3. The alert level was raised to 5, red.Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcánica No 27 https://web.archive.org/web/20110627090920/http://www2.sernageomin.cl/ovdas/ovdas7/informativos2/Informes/Reportes/RegionXIV/REAV_N27_Los-Rios_04062011.pdf 27 June 2011 esGuzmán, Gerson Comienza proceso eruptivo en el volcán Puyehue Radio Bío-Bío http://www.biobiochile.cl/2011/06/04/comienza-proceso-eruptivo-del-complejo-volcanico-cordon-caulle.shtml 4 June 2011 Spanish 4 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010009/http://www.biobiochile.cl/2011/06/04/comienza-proceso-eruptivo-del-complejo-volcanico-cordon-caulle.shtml 7 July 2011 live At 15:15 local time OVDAS reported an explosion and a 5 km mi-wide ash-and-gas plume that rose to an altitude of 10 km ft above sea level. The plume drifted south at 5 km ft altitude, and southeast and east at 10 km ft altitude. The alert level was raised to 6, red.Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcánica No 28 https://web.archive.org/web/20110627090939/http://www2.sernageomin.cl/ovdas/ovdas7/informativos2/Informes/Reportes/RegionXIV/REAV_N28_Los-Rios_04062011.pdf 27 June 2011 es 18 days after it first erupted, lava begun spilling from the volcano, heading west and flowing "slowly by a channel about 50 meters wide and 100 feet long."Puyehue volcano began to fire lava https://web.archive.org/web/20121004184947/http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/9456769-puyehue-volcano-lava-began-to-fire 4 October 2012 on 23. June 2011Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcánica No 48 https://web.archive.org/web/20110930190307/http://www2.sernageomin.cl/ovdas/ovdas7/informativos2/Informes/Reportes/RegionXIV/REAV_N48_Los-Rios_Los-Lagos_20062011.pdf 30 September 2011 According to Argentine physicists, the eruption sent one hundred million tons of ash, sand and pumice stone, equivalent to the load of 24 million trucks of sand and released power equivalent to 70 Hiroshima atomic bombs (equal to 1000 kilotons of TNT). The eruption, though violent, is expected to fertilize the land and rivers. Evaluation of the total amount of airborne erupted material has proved to be challenging, with estimated values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 km3 mi3 on. A further 0.25 to 0.45 km3 mi3 on of lava were erupted in the months following the first explosions. Bertrand Sébastien Daga Romina Bedert Robin Fontjin Karen 6 November 2014 Deposition of the 2011–2012 Cordón Caulle tephra (Chile, 40°S) in lake sediments: Implications for tephrochronology and volcanology https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JF003321 Journal of Geophysical Research 119 12 2555–2573 10.1002/2014JF003321 2014JGRF..119.2555B 134154972 2022-01-21 11336/180546 free subscription Evacuation A "red alert" was declared pre-emptively by the National Emergencies' Office (ONEMI) for regions near the volcano: Puyehue, Río Bueno, Futrono, and Lago Ranco; initially 600 persons were evacuated. The "red alert" was later extended for the Los Ríos Region area: the areas of Pocura, Pichico, Los Venados, Contrafuerte, El Zapallo, Futangue, Pitreño, Trahuico, Riñinahue Alto, Ranquil, Chanco, Epulafquén, Las Quemas, Licán, Boqueal, Rucatayo, and Mantilhue were evacuated; and areas in the Los Lagos Region such as El Retiro, Anticura, El Caulle, Forestal Comaco, and Anticura Pajaritos were also evacuated, increasing the number to at least 3,000 total evacuated people.Complejo Puyehue – Cordón Caulle entró en fase eruptiva https://web.archive.org/web/20110607040329/http://www.onemi.cl/html/noticias/noticia_2503.html 7 June 2011 , ONEMI, 4 June 2011. La responsabilidad de la conducción nacional de la Protección Civil en Chile corresponde al Ministerio del Interior, la que ejerce mediante su servicio especializado: ONEMI, Access date: 4 June 2011 It was reported that, at first, large land- and farm-owners in Chilean rural areas near the volcano did not allow workers to be evacuated.http://www.biobiochile.cl/2011/06/04/duenos-de-fundos-prohibieron-a-sus-trabajadores-evacuar-tras-erupcion-volcanica.shtml Dueños de fundos prohibieron a sus trabajadores evacuar tras erupción volcánica Radio Bío Bío es 5 June 2011 4 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110707010017/http://www.biobiochile.cl/2011/06/04/duenos-de-fundos-prohibieron-a-sus-trabajadores-evacuar-tras-erupcion-volcanica.shtml 7 July 2011 live According to Chilean authorities, the evacuated persons "would be relocated in temporary shelters in safe areas." There are no reports of deaths or injuries. The families who refused to be evacuated from the riverbed of Rio Nilahue were removed by force by the Carabineros de Chile after a resolution of the Appeal Court of Valdivia. It took the police more than 8 hours to evacuate 40 people. People resisted mainly because they had to leave their livestock behind.Tele 13 https://web.archive.org/web/20110706060201/http://tele13.13.cl/nacional/justicia-da-luz-verde-al-gobierno-para-desalojar-zona-de-erupcion-en-el-cordon-caulle 6 July 2011 on 10 June 2011 Small livestock farmers were permitted to check and care for their livestock once a day.Life in the shelter: evacuees from Volcán Puyehue try to regain normality https://web.archive.org/web/20110613122946/http://www.ilovechile.cl/2011/06/08/life-in-the-shelter-evacuees-from-volcan-puyehue-try-to-regain-normality/22957 13 June 2011 On 17 June 2011 OVDAS reported that the ash-and-gas plume reached 3 km above sea level, and the frequency of earthquakes had dropped to 5 per hour. They reduced the alert level from 6 (moderate eruption) to 5 (imminent eruption), and at least 100 evacuated persons were allowed to return home.Article Sernageomin baja nivel de alerta volcánica y al menos 100 evacuados pueden retornar in newspaper "La Tercera" on 17 June 2011, retrieved on 18 June 2011 esArticle Volcán Puyehue: Algunos evacuados regresarán a sus casas es People from the Northeast side of the Cordón (Nilahue and Gol Gol Valley) will stay in the shelters. On 19 June the ONEMI decided that all 4,200 evacuees could return home, as the scale of the eruption continued to decrease.Article 4,200 evacuated people may return home in earthquake-report.com on 19 June 2011 retrieved on 19 June 2011 Ash cloud over Argentina and Uruguay thumb|Topography of the region. The Puyehue-Cordón Caulle massif is located between Ranco and Puyehue Lake The ash cloud crossed Chile's borders and precipitated over the Argentine cities of Villa la Angostura, Bariloche and the northern part of Chubuthttp://www.eldiario24.com/nota.php?id=223444 Las cenizas del Puyehue invaden Chubut El Diario 24 Tucumán Spanish 5 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110710181035/http://www.eldiario24.com/nota.php?id=223444 10 July 2011 live province.Evacúan a 3.500 personas por la erupción del volcán Puyehue en Chile https://web.archive.org/web/20110607033501/http://america.infobae.com/notas/26522-Evacuan-a-3500-personas-por-la-erupcion-del-volcan-Puyehue-en-Chile- 7 June 2011 , [Infobae.com],04-06-11, access date:4 June 2011.Aumentan a 3500 los evacuados por actividad volcánica en Puyehue-Cordón Caulle https://web.archive.org/web/20110708171610/http://www.cnnchile.com/nacional/2011/06/04/aumentan-a-3500-los-evacuados-por-actividad-volcanica-en-puyehuecordon-caulle/ 8 July 2011 The eruption was reported to have produced lightning and strong thunderstorms.La columna de humo del volcán Puyehue alcanza los 10 kilómetros de altohttps://www.theaustralian.com.au/nation/nation/chiles-puyehue-hosts-a-rock-show-not-seen-since-the-60s/news-story/3cbb060dc9c60c64a77beff32f8db829 Leigh Dayton Chile's Puyehue hosts a rock show not seen since the 60s 7 June 2011 2014-04-12 https://web.archive.org/web/20140412064247/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/chiles-puyehue-hosts-a-rock-show-not-seen-since-the-60s/story-e6frg6nf-1226070503855 subscription live The Australian Argentine Minister of Defense Arturo Puricelli ordered that "the Argentine Army personnel, means of transport, water treatment plants, and other equipment of VI Mountain Brigade in the province of Neuquén" be moved to the affected areas on the Argentine border with Chile.http://reporteplatense.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2822:movilizan-al-ejercito-por-la-erupcion-del-volcan-puyehue&catid=16:sociedad&Itemid=68 Movilizan al Ejército por la erupción del volcán Puyehue Reporte Platense Spanish 5 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110706082228/http://reporteplatense.com.ar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2822%3Amovilizan-al-ejercito-por-la-erupcion-del-volcan-puyehue&catid=16%3Asociedad&Itemid=68 6 July 2011 live In Argentina's affected cities, people have been recommended to stay indoors.http://www.anbariloche.com.ar/noticia.php?nota=21719 No hubo en Bariloche nueva lluvia de cenizas pero se mantiene el alerta – Agencia de Noticias lisher=6 June 2011 6 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110607092540/http://www.anbariloche.com.ar/noticia.php?nota=21719 7 June 2011 live On 5 June the ash rain in Bariloche ceased. There were reports that the ash had caused power outageshttp://www.ddbariloche.com.ar/nota_LA-CEB-INFORMA-SOBRE-CORTES-DE-LUZ-CAUSADOS-POR-LA-LLUVIA-DE-CENIZAS.html La CEB informa sobre cortes de luz causados por la lluvia de cenizas spanish 5 June 2011 5 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110706080753/http://www.ddbariloche.com.ar/nota_LA-CEB-INFORMA-SOBRE-CORTES-DE-LUZ-CAUSADOS-POR-LA-LLUVIA-DE-CENIZAS.html 6 July 2011 dead and prompted the local airport to be closed. The Bariloche Atomic Centre reported that the ashes contain no crystal phases of quartz or cristobalite.http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1379096-tras-la-erupcion-de-un-volcan-chileno-bariloche-quedo-cubierta-por-cenizas Cesó la caída de cenizas en Bariloche, pero se mantiene la emergencia La Nación 5 June 2011 5 June 2011 7 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110607222923/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1379096-tras-la-erupcion-de-un-volcan-chileno-bariloche-quedo-cubierta-por-cenizas dead On 9 June ash clouds from Puyehue reached Uruguay, forcing most flights to be cancelled.http://www.emol.com/noticias/internacional/detalle/detallenoticias.asp?idnoticia=486350 Nube de cenizas del cordón Caulle alcanza Uruguay y obliga a cancelar vuelos On 11 June the ash clouds reached the southern tip of New Zealand, with unusual sunsets reported in Invercargill. Further disruption was caused by ash in October 2011, with airports at Mendoza, Bariloche and Buenos Aires closed and flights to Buenos Aires and Montevideo cancelled.Flights cancelled over volcano ash https://www.news24.com/flights-cancelled-over-volcano-ash-20111017 2025-08-14 News24 en-US This was ash from the earlier eruption which had been deposited across Patagonia and stirred up by high winds. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2016528120_apltchileanvolcanoflights.html Argentina, Uruguay flights resume after volcanic ash delays seattletimes.nwsource.com 17 October 2011 23 October 2011 Some areas of Argentina close to the Chilean border still had ash falling almost daily four months after the June eruption. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-15148876 Puyehue volcano ash still clouds life in Argentina Vladimir Hernandez BBC 4 October 2011 23 October 2011 River temperature and contamination The eruption of the Chilean volcano Puyehue significantly affected the surrounding environment. The temperature of the Nilahue River rose to 45 C F and killed an estimated 4.5 million fish with an economic impact on fish farming in the area. The cattle economy was also damaged.http://diario.latercera.com/2011/06/09/01/contenido/pais/31-72057-9-el-caulle-erupcion-sube-a-45-c-temperatura-del-rio-nilahue-y-autoridad-monitorea.shtml El Caulle: erupción sube a 45 °C temperatura del río Nilahue y autoridad monitorea riesgos La Tercera (Chile) 9 June 2011 Spanish 10 June 2011 15 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110615073210/http://diario.latercera.com/2011/06/09/01/contenido/pais/31-72057-9-el-caulle-erupcion-sube-a-45-c-temperatura-del-rio-nilahue-y-autoridad-monitorea.shtml deadArticle Puyehue disrupts air traffic https://web.archive.org/web/20120906022922/http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/06/10/51534409.html 6 September 2012 on 10 June 2011, retrieved on 10 June 2011 Scientists from the Southern University of Chile analyzed waters from the Nilahue and Golgol rivers, the two principal collectors of waters from Cordón Caulle. Scientists found that if solid particles were removed the water was safe to drink.Estudio sostiene que ríos del Cordón Caulle no están contaminados y son potables https://web.archive.org/web/20110721211924/http://diario.latercera.com/2011/06/17/01/contenido/pais/31-72995-9-estudio-sostiene-que-rios-del-cordon-caulle-no-estan-contaminados-y-son-potables.shtml 21 July 2011 , La Tercera. Although very little ash was deposited on the western side of the volcano, the ash reached Puyehue Lake through river transport, depositing a layer of tephra at the bottom of the lake.Bertrand et al. (2014) Deposition of the 2011–2012 Cordón Caulle tephra (Chile, 40°S) in lake sediments: Implications for tephrochronology and volcanology, Journal of Geophysical Research – Earth Surface. Livestock The ash cloud led Argentina to declare a state of emergency for farmers as the prolonged eruption's continued effect on the 2 million head of sheep that graze in southern Argentina. Chubut and Río Negro Provinces had suffered five years of drought, and the ash destroyed the little pastureland still serviceable. 750,000 sheep suffered the consequences, and Rio Negro officials said 60,000 head of cattle also were "at risk."Agriculture emergency is Argentine Patagonia because of the volcanic ash The livestock had suffered major heart attacks and many of which contracted throat cancer, resulting in death. Whereas there appears to be no published support for the existence of heart attacks or throat cancer as a consequence from the exposure to ashes and causing death, there are at least two phenomena which play a role. First, the physical reduction of available forage (on top of the prevailing general drought conditions) has resulted in lack of forage, and therefore, starvation with all its consequences. This was accelerated by the rapid wear of teeth from the abrasive action of ashes, and thus a reduced efficiency to forage. Second, these ashes cause fluoride intoxication in herbivores, with many different symptoms, and confirmed in sheep, cattle and horses.Flueck WT. 2013. Effects of Fluoride intoxication on teeth of livestock due to a recent volcanic eruption in Patagonia, Argentina. Onl J Vet Res., 17 (4): 167–176. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109014837/http://users.comcen.com.au/~journals/volcanicabs2013.htm 9 January 2014 Wildlife and forests However, besides livestock, also wild species are strongly affected by the ashes. Fluoride intoxication was first discovered in red deer (Cervus elaphus), with pronounced dental fluorosis. The result is formation of abnormal teeth both in physical form as well as in reduced hardness. It reduces foraging efficiency, eliminated pregnancies in subadults, and will reduce longevity by 50–75%.Flueck Werner T. Smith-Flueck Jo Anne M. 2013 Severe Dental Fluorosis in Juvenile Deer Linked to a Recent Volcanic Eruption in Patagonia Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49 2 355–366 10.7589/2012-11-272 23568911 free free 11336/3070 While the rate of fluoride intake exceeds the capacity to eliminate it, animals continue to accumulate fluoride. Before the eruption, fluoride levels in adults was about 50–60 ppm. On average, deer were judged to accumulate about 1,000 ppm per year under similar exposure to ashes, which remains the situation for many drier sites, where the winds constantly redeposit the ashes. Some deer accumulated more like 3,700 ppm per year and reached 5,175 ppm by the year 2012.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10344-013-0734-7 10.1007/s10344-013-0734-7 Temporal kinetics of fluoride accumulation: From fetal to adult deer 2013 Flueck Werner T. Smith-Flueck Jo Anne M. European Journal of Wildlife Research 59 6 899–903 subscription This trend has remained for some areas as the most recent deer examined had adults which had reached 10,396 ppm.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10344-014-0828-x 10.1007/s10344-014-0828-x Continuing impacts on red deer from a volcanic eruption in 2011 2014 Flueck Werner T. European Journal of Wildlife Research 60 4 699–702 11336/32494 free These high levels of fluorosis likely affect the skeleton, and a first case in deer with severe osteological pathology has been described in March 2015. A study along Chile Route 215 showed that in places with ash falls of 10 cm about 8% of the trees died while at locations with 50 cm of ash 54% of the trees died. Ashes did not cause any significant abrasion of the canopy.Federick J. Swanson Jones Julia Crisafilli Charlie González Mauro E. Lara Antonio 2016 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption of 2011: tephra fall and initial forest responses in the Chilean Andes Bosque 37 1 85–96 10.4067/S0717-92002016000100009 free Transport disruption thumb|upright=2|The images show the density of particles in the atmosphere (aerosols) as measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument on the Aura satellite. The series starts on 5 June 2011, the day after the eruption began, and continues through 13 June. Ash poses a significant threat to aircraft because once sucked into engines, it can be transformed into molten glass by the high temperatures and potentially cause an engine to fail. On the ground lava, ash and volcanic stone can impede vehicle movement. Chile Initially, because of the wind direction (to east), the flights within Chile were not interrupted and only the highway Route 215-CH and the "Cardenal Samore Pass" was reported to be covered by 10 to 15 cm of "volcanic stone" by Chilean authorities.Erupción de Cordón Caulle: Aún no hay fecha fija para el regreso de los evacuados, Emol and closed down on 4 June.http://www.lmneuquen.com.ar/noticias/2011/6/4/110165.php Cierran el Paso internacional Cardenal Samoré – Diario La Mañana Neuquén Lmneuquen.com.ar 2013-09-04 https://web.archive.org/web/20120318221156/http://www.lmneuquen.com.ar/noticias/2011/6/4/110165.php 18 March 2012 dead The Chilean government increased the frequency of barges on the Pirihueico Lake in Huahum Pass to transport passengers traveling between Chile and Argentina. Huahum Pass is approximately 100 km north of the closed "Cardenal Samore Pass". On 22 June, as the ash cloud rounded the world and returned to Chile, the Chilean airline LAN cancelled flights to Temuco and Valdivia in the south of the country.Puyehue Volcano Expels Lava Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil On 4 June at approximately 4:30 pm local time, Neuquén Airport was closed due to the ash cloud.http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/160305/20110609/chile-volcano-puyehue-volcanic-ash-cloud-argentina-argentina-flights-lan-volcanologist-aerolineas-ar.htm Volcanic Ash from Puyehue Halts Argentina's Air Traffic Again Today International Business Times 9 June 2011 9 June 2011 Ash fell across a wide swathe of South America, forcing cancellation of most flights across the southern half of the continent. A planned meeting between the presidents of Argentina and Uruguay was cancelled because José Mujica was unable to fly to Buenos Aires.Volcanic ash dusts Argentine capital, cuts flights https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2011/06/09/volcanic-ash-dusts-argentine-capital-cuts-flights/ 4 September 2026 San Diego Union-Tribune Associated Press 9 June 2011 South Brazil suffered a lot with flights between Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Santiago, Curitiba, Florianopolis and Porto Alegre cancelled. Falkland Islands Three Falkland Islands air links with the United Kingdom were merged onto one aircraft. Allocation operated according to a priority system, with passengers ranked in importance. The three highest categories were 1. Travel for medical reasons (as designated by the Director of Health and Education); 2. Students returning to study (as designated by the Director of Health and Education); 3. Business passengers at risk of a serious and unavoidable impact on their business. Passengers were strongly recommended to travel LAN Airlines as the ash cloud did not cover the route over Punta Arenas.Article Falklands rations seats on the UK airbridge forced by the volcanic ash in Mercopress on 10 June 2011 retrieved on 15 June 2011 South Africa On 14 June the South African Civil Aviation Authority released a statement saying that the ash cloud was being monitored and that there was no operational impact to the airlines.SACAA and ATNS monitors volcanic ash situation http://www.caa.co.za/press_files/2011/Volcanic_Ash_Situation.pdf 19 June 2011 SACAA dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110929030306/http://www.caa.co.za/press_files/2011/Volcanic_Ash_Situation.pdf 29 September 2011 However, two local airlines, South African Airways and Kulula.com, cancelled some flights to and from Cape Town International Airport and East London Airport on 18 June; operations later resumed.SAA volcanic ash flight cancellations http://www.southafrica.to/transport/Airlines/SAA-flights/2011/SAA-Volcanic-Ash-cancellations.php 19 June 2011 SouthAfrica.toSA flights delayed by Chile volcanic ash cloud http://mg.co.za/article/2011-06-19-sa-flights-delayed-by-chile-volcanic-ash-cloud 19 June 2011 Mail & Guardian Online 19 June 2011 SAPA Australia and New Zealand thumb|MODIS Aqua image of the ash cloud over Tasmania At its greatest extent, strong winds had carried the ash cloud from Puyehue a great distance at high altitude, and the ash remained present for several days at distinct altitude bands between 20,000–35,000 feet over New Zealand and southern Australia, disrupting flights between Adelaide, Melbourne, Perth, and all of Tasmania and New Zealand.Cox Nicole Volcanic ash won't affect flights http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/volcanic-ash-wont-affect-flights-qantas/story-e6frg13u-1226073445654 17 June 2011 Perth Now 11 June 2011Ash cloud forces flight cancellations http://www.skynews.com.au/topstories/article.aspx?id=624339&vId=2477065 Sky News 11 June 2011 17 June 2011Andrew Critchlow Lucy Craymer Ash Disrupts Flights in Australia, New Zealand https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303714704576380882531141952?mod=googlenews_wsj The Wall Street Journal 12 June 2011 11 June 2011More flights cancelled in 'exceptional' ash event http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/06/12/3241974.htm 12 June 2011 ABC News Australian Broadcasting Corporation 12 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110629151152/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/06/12/3241974.htm 29 June 2011 deadStaff Australian Associated Press http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/volcanic-ash-triggers-aussie-air-travel-chaos-as-fog-delays-melbourne-flights/story-e6frf7jo-1226073975658 Qantas, Jetstar, Tiger and Virgin ground flights at Melbourne Airport 13 June 2011 13 June 2011 Initially Air New Zealand managed to avoid cancellations by flying their aircraft at lower altitudes (20,000 feet) in order to avoid ash, requiring 10% more fuel. Cancellations started by 15 June.Volcanic ash halts New Zealand flights https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-asia-pacific-13743107 13 June 2011 BBC News 12 June 2011Chile volcanic ash cloud moves higher http://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/5134457/Chile-volcano-ash-cloud-moves-higher 1 September 2011 Stuff 13 June 2011 Subsequently, Rob Fyfe of Air New Zealand hit back at malicious rumours from Australian airlines that continuing to fly was unsafe.Air New Zealand hits back at 'malicious rumours http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/5178854/Air-New-Zealand-hits-back-at-malicious-rumours 1 September 2011 Stuff 22 June 2011 Virgin Australia resumed flights to southern Australia by 13 June, but Qantas and its subsidiary Jetstar did not resume flights until 14 and 15 June because the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre in Australia did not have the technology to determine the thickness of the plume.Travel misery as ash grounds Australia, NZ flights http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/a/-/world/9625850/travel-misery-as-ash-grounds-australia-nz-flights/ 7 August 2011 The West Australian 13 June 2011 Agence France-PresseCalligeros Marissa Ash cloud airline cancellations 'ultra conservative' http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/travel/travel-news/ash-cloud-airline-cancellations-ultra-conservative-20110613-1fznb.html?from=brisbanetimes_sb 13 June 2011 Brisbane Times 13 June 2011Virgin flies but Qantas waits amid ash chaos http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/06/12/3241974.htm?site=melbourne https://web.archive.org/web/20110615134936/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/06/12/3241974.htm?site=melbourne dead 15 June 2011 15 June 2011 774 ABC Melbourne Australian Broadcasting Corporation 13 June 2011 Losses for the airlines are expected to be in the millions.Williams Felicity Ash impact likely to cost millions http://www.perthnow.com.au/business/business-old/too-early-to-predict-ash-impact/story-e6frg2qu-1226074997727 14 June 2011 Perth Now 14 June 2011 Flights to and from Perth were disrupted by the approaching plume of ash, extending from 15,000 to 35,000 feet.Ash plume stops Perth flights http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/ash-plume-stops-perth-flights-20110615-1g2wq.html 17 June 2011 The Sydney Morning Herald 15 June 2011 Australian Associated Press On 20 June flights were once again cancelled at Adelaide and Mildura airports.Heasley Andrew Ash cloud returns: Virgin, Tiger suspend flights http://www.watoday.com.au/travel/travel-news/ash-cloud-returns-virgin-tiger-suspend-flights-20110620-1gb9f.html 20 June 2011 WAToday 20 June 2011 On 21 and 22 June flights to Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne, Newcastle, Wagga Wagga and Albury airports were cancelled due to the ash cloud.Haynes Rhys Volcanic ash cloud forces Qantas to cancel Wednesday flights, international flights delayed http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/second-volcanic-ash-cloud-coming/story-e6freuy9-1226079369713 21 June 2011 The Daily Telegraph 21 June 2011 2011 6 22 the ash cloud was expected to move from Australia to New Zealand.Australian flights resume as Chile volcano ash clears 22 June 2011 BBC News https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13869876 22 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110622112215/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13869876 22 June 2011 live Economic and financial impact Macquarie Equities placed the cost of disruptions to airlines at A$21 million for Qantas and $11 million for Virgin Australia. The tourism industry was also impacted, costing Australia $15 million during the two-week period,Ash cloud clears, Australia flights resume 22 June 2011 Rob Taylor Michael Perry Reuters Canberra https://www.reuters.com/article/us-qantas-ash-idUSTRE75L08K20110622 23 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110715144901/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/22/us-qantas-ash-idUSTRE75L08K20110622 15 July 2011 live with CEO John Lee of lobbying group Tourism & Transport Forum stating a daily cost of at least A$10 million as a result of complete closure of Sydney and Melbourne's main airports.Australia ash clears after flight halt prompts A$2,100 cab ride 22 June 2011 Gemma Daley Bloomberg https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-21/australians-take-a-2-100-car-rides-as-ash-grounds-qantas-planes.html 24 June 2011 The government of Neuquen province, Argentina, declared an economic emergency as the ash cloud was harming tourism and threatening livestock.Chilean Volcano's Cloud of Ash Circles the Globe and Comes Home Again 18 June 2011 Fox News Latino http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2011/06/18/chilean-volcanos-cloud-ash-circles-globe-and-comes-home-again 23 June 2011 The decree by provincial governor Jorge Sapag allowed those affected to claim for tax and other benefits. In Argentina ashes from Puyehue were advertised for sale and some were also used for making handicrafts. The intendant of Villa La Angostura assured that there were plenty of ideas of what to do with the ashes, among them bricks. In addition ashes were used to improve gravel roads around San Carlos de Bariloche.Las ingeniosas soluciones para deshacerse de las cenizas del cordón Caulle The president Cristina Fernández announced on national television plans to supply $2.41 billion to 1,400 farmers and businesses in the area affected by the ash cloud. They also plan to spend $7 million on the cleanup operation, and double social benefits, and defer tax payments for the hardest hit regions.Argentina unveils plan to mitigate cost of volcano https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hw0GDOYkZ8mbOKPtNUFzk5tRa4Bw?docId=CNG.89e7aaafd19ebbe231f710f5d5b53c29.111 https://web.archive.org/web/20110711182030/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hw0GDOYkZ8mbOKPtNUFzk5tRa4Bw?docId=CNG.89e7aaafd19ebbe231f710f5d5b53c29.111 dead 11 July 2011 AFP 5 July 2011 2 March 2013 See also List of volcanoes in Chile Volcanism of Chile References External links 2011 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption OVDAS reports Chile's Volcano Erupts: Crazy Skies — slideshow by Life magazine Volcanic Ash and Pumice From Puyehue, slideshow from The Atlantic, 17 June 2011 Category:2011 disasters in Chile Category:2011 in Argentina Category:2011 natural disasters Category:Volcanism of Chile Category:Volcanic eruptions in South America 2011–2012 Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption Category:21st-century volcanic events Category:History of Los Ríos Region Category:June 2011 in South America Category:VEI-5 eruptions Category:Plinian eruptions Category:Natural disasters in Chile