1989 Tour de France

Cycling race in France in 1989 February 2019 May 2019 1989 Tour de France Route of the 1989 Tour de France.png Route of the 1989 Tour de France 360px Map of France with the route of the 1989 Tour de France 1–23 July 1989 21 + Prologue 3285 km 87h 38' 35" Greg LeMond USA AD Renting 1989 yellow Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 Pedro Delgado ESP MOV 1989 Sean Kelly IRE PDM 1989 green Gert-Jan Theunisse NED PDM 1989 polkadot Fabrice Philipot FRA LVC 1989 Steven Rooks NED PDM 1989 combined Sean Kelly IRE PDM 1989 red PDM 1989 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 1988 1990 The 1989 Tour de France was the 76th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The race consisted of 21 stages and a prologue, over 3285 km 0 on. It started on 1 July 1989 in Luxembourg before taking an anti-clockwise route through France to finish in Paris on 23 July. The race was won by Greg LeMond of the AD Renting 1989 team. It was the second overall victory for the American, who had spent the previous two seasons recovering from a near-fatal hunting accident. In second place was previous two-time Tour winner Laurent Fignon (SUG 1989), ahead of Pedro Delgado (MOV 1989), the defending champion. Delgado started the race as the favourite, but lost almost three minutes on his principal rivals when he missed his start time in the prologue individual time trial. The race turned out to be a two-man battle between LeMond and Fignon, with the pair exchanging the race leader's yellow jersey several times. Fignon managed to match LeMond in the prologue, but in the other three individual time trials he lost time to LeMond, who took advantage of aerodynamic elbow-rest handlebars formerly used in triathlon events. Delgado launched several attacks in the mountain stages to eventually finish third, while LeMond rode defensively to preserve his chances. Fignon rode well in the mountains, including a strong performance at Alpe d'Huez which gave him the race lead on stage 17. In the closest Tour in history, LeMond was trailing Fignon by fifty seconds at the start of the final stage, an individual time trial into Paris. LeMond was not expected to be able to make up this deficit, but he completed the 24.5 km mi on stage at an average speed of 54.545 kph mph on, the fastest individual time trial ever ridden in the Tour de France up to that point, and won the stage. Fignon's time was fifty-eight seconds slower than LeMond's, costing him the victory and giving LeMond his second Tour title by a margin of only eight seconds. From stage 5 onward, LeMond and Fignon were the only two men to lead the race. The two riders were never separated by more than fifty-three seconds throughout the event. Owing to its competitive nature, the 1989 Tour is often ranked among the best in the race's history. The PDM 1989 team was the winner of the team classification and had four cyclists in the top ten of the general classification. They also won four of the five secondary individual classifications: Sean Kelly won both the points and intermediate sprints classifications, Gert-Jan Theunisse won the mountains classification and Steven Rooks won the combination classification. The young rider classification was won by Fabrice Philipot from the Toshiba team. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1989 Tour de France The 1989 Tour had a starting field of twenty-two teams of nine cyclists.1989 Tour de France: Startlist https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-startlist-67607 Cycling Weekly 25 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180725112849/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-startlist-67607 25 July 2018 13 July 2009 Prior to 1989, the Société du Tour de France, organisers of the Tour, chose freely which teams they invited to the event. For 1989, the sport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de Cyclisme Professionnel (FICP),Between 1965 and 1992, cycling's governing body, the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), had two subsidiary bodies for amateur and professional cyclists respectively, the FICP being the representative for professional cycling.Van Reeth Larson 2015 16 demanded that the highest-ranked teams in the FICP Road World Rankings would receive an automatic invitation. The Tour organisers relented in exchange for being allowed to run the race over 23 days instead of the original 21-day period given by the FICP.Ouwerkerk Peter Tour de France erkent FICP-klassement Tour de France recognizes FICP-ranking https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:010962951:mpeg21:a0205 6 February 2019 Het Vrije Volk 17 October 1988 13 nlIn the 1988 Tour de France, the 21-day rule was circumvented by the organisers by staging a "preface" that did not count towards the race results instead of a prologue.van den Akker 2018 63 Eighteen teams received their invitations through the FICP rankings, while the organisers allocated four teams with wild cards.van den Akker 2018 18 The Ariostea team would have been eligible to start through their ranking, but decided against competing. This allowed Greg LeMond's AD Renting 1989 team to enter the race. The wild cards were given out to the teams of KEL 1989, CAF 1989, Fagor2 1989, and MOT 1989. Not invited was the Teka team, which failed to accumulate enough points in the World Rankings after Reimund Dietzen had to leave the 1989 Vuelta a España following a career-ending crash.Deblander Bruno Les vingt-deux équipes du Tour The twenty-two teams of the Tour https://www.lesoir.be/archive/recup/les-vingt-deux-equipes-du-tour_t-19890614-Z01QKX.html Le Soir 17 October 2018 fr 16 June 1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20181018141023/https://www.lesoir.be/archive/recup/les-vingt-deux-equipes-du-tour_t-19890614-Z01QKX.html?noCookies=1 18 October 2018 Of the 198 cyclists starting the race, 39 were riding the Tour de France for the first time.Debutants https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1989/gc/startlist/debutants ProCyclingStats.com 18 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190118134230/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1989/gc/startlist/debutants 18 January 2019 The youngest rider was Juan Carlos Jusdado (BH 1989), who was 22 years and 205 days old on the day of the prologue; the oldest, at 36 years and 139 days, was Helmut Wechselberger (Artiach 1989b).Youngest competitors https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1989/gc/startlist/youngest-competitors ProCyclingStats.com 18 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190118140612/https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1989/gc/startlist/youngest-competitors 18 January 2019 The teams entering the race were: Qualified teams 20em AD Renting 1989 BH 1989 CAR 1989 Chateau d'Ax 1989 Weinmann 1989 HEL 1989 Sigma 1989 Hitachi 1989c PSC 1989 Artiach 1989b PDM 1989 MOV 1989 RMO 1989 SUG 1989 RAB 1989 LVC 1989 TVM 1989 C.A 1989 Invited teams 20em MOT 1989 CAF 1989 Fagor2 1989 KEL 1989 Pre-race favourites thumb|Defending champion Pedro Delgado (pictured in 2016) was considered the strongest favourite for victory.|alt=Upper body photo of Delgado in a suit standing in front of an advertising board Before the 1989 Tour began, Pedro Delgado (BAN 1989), the defending champion, was considered a strong favourite to win the race.Abt Samuel Samuel Abt Tougher and Richer Tour de France https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/29/sports/tougher-and-richer-tour-de-france.html 6 October 2018 The New York Times 29 June 1989 9 https://web.archive.org/web/20181006205210/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/29/sports/tougher-and-richer-tour-de-france.html 6 October 2018 live He had taken the title the previous year in convincing fashion, with a lead of over seven minutes.McGann McGann 2008 183–184 Prior to the Tour, Delgado had also won the 1989 Vuelta a España, and was therefore considered to be in good form. However, controversy around a failed doping test during the 1988 Tour put a cloud of suspicion over the reigning champion.Tassell 2017 8–9Pedro Delgado had tested positive for probenecid, a drug used as a masking agent for steroids. Probenecid was at the time on the list of banned substances of both the International Olympic Committee and the French Cycling Federation, but not on the list of the Tour's governing body, the UCI. Delgado was therefore not disqualified from the Tour.Wolff Alexander Alexander Wolff On the Tour de farce – Pedro Delgado failed a drug test but won the race https://www.si.com/vault/1988/08/01/118107/on-the-tour-de-farce-pedro-delgado-failed-a-drug-test-but-won-the-race Sports Illustrated 30 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190130091536/https://www.si.com/vault/1988/08/01/118107/on-the-tour-de-farce-pedro-delgado-failed-a-drug-test-but-won-the-race 30 January 2019 1 August 1988 live Probenecid was added to the UCI's list of banned substances one month after the 1988 Tour.Abt Samuel Samuel Abt Delgado puts Tour in turmoil https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/02/sports/delgado-puts-tour-in-turmoil.html The New York Times 30 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190130091543/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/02/sports/delgado-puts-tour-in-turmoil.html 30 January 2019 2 July 1989 live Next to Delgado, Laurent Fignon (SUG 1989 yes) was also given a good chance for overall victory. The Frenchman had won the Tour in 1983 and 1984, but his form in subsequent years had been inconsistent.Tassell 2017 10–11 According to German news magazine Der Spiegel, the cycling world had "written [Fignon] off" during four years with few victories after 1984.Wie weh das tut How it Hurts http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13494862.html 6 February 2019 Der Spiegel 29/1989 17 July 1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20190206150828/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13494862.html 6 February 2019 de live In 1989 however, a victory at Milan–San Remo and more importantly, the three-week Grand Tour in Italy, the Giro d'Italia, had propelled Fignon back into the spotlight. A strong Super U team surrounding him was also considered to be in his favour.Tassell 2017 10–11 Stephen Roche (Fagor2 1989 yes) had won the Tour in 1987 ahead of Delgado, but missed the race in 1988 with a knee injury. A strong spring season with victory at the Tour of the Basque Country, second place at Paris–Nice and a top-ten placing at the Giro d'Italia made it seem that Roche was finding his form again.Tassell 2017 10 Several other riders were named as favourites for a high place in the general classification. Charly Mottet (RMO 1989 yes), fourth overall in 1987, had won the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré shortly before the Tour started and was ranked number one in the FICP Road World Rankings, a position that had been held by Sean Kelly (PDM 1989 yes) for five straight years. Kelly had never been a strong contender for the general classification, despite an overall victory at the 1988 Vuelta a España. Next to targeting a high place in the overall rankings, Kelly hoped to secure a record-breaking fourth win in the points classification. Kelly's PDM squad also had two talented Dutch riders in their ranks with hopes of a high finish: Steven Rooks, who had been second the year before, and Gert-Jan Theunisse. Since PDM had elected not to start either the Giro d'Italia or the Vuelta a España earlier in the season, the team hoped that their riders, without an additional three-week race in their legs, would be fresher than their rivals.Tassell 2017 12–14 Other favourites included Erik Breukink (Panasonic–Isostar), Andrew Hampsten (MOT 1989 yes), Steve Bauer (HEL 1989 yes), Fabio Parra (KEL 1989 yes) and Robert Millar (C.A 1989 yes).Tassell 2017 14–16Robert Millar later in life had a gender transition and is now known as Philippa York.Fotheringham William William Fotheringham Philippa York: 'I've known I was different since I was a five-year-old' https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/06/philippa-york-gender-transition-cyclist-robert-millar The Guardian 1 May 2018 6 July 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170707015639/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/06/philippa-york-gender-transition-cyclist-robert-millar 7 July 2017 live For the purpose of this article, her name and gender from 1989 are used. According to Sports Illustrated, Greg LeMond's "name was never mentioned among the pre-race favourites".Swift E.M. Le Grand LeMond https://www.si.com/vault/1989/12/25/121301/le-grand-lemond-greg-lemond-1989-sportsman-of-the-year-rewrote-his-own-legend-with-a-heroic-comeback-and-a-magnificent-finish-in-the-tour-de-france Sports Illustrated 30 April 2018 25 December 1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20180501010244/https://www.si.com/vault/1989/12/25/121301/le-grand-lemond-greg-lemond-1989-sportsman-of-the-year-rewrote-his-own-legend-with-a-heroic-comeback-and-a-magnificent-finish-in-the-tour-de-france 1 May 2018 live LeMond had finished every Tour he had entered up to this point on the podium, including the first-ever victory for an American rider in 1986. His career was interrupted when he was accidentally shot by his brother-in-law in a hunting accident on Easter of 1987. About 60 pellets hit his body; his life was saved by emergency surgery, but LeMond struggled to return to professional cycling, leaving the successful PDM team at the end of 1988 and joining the relatively small ADR team. His team was not considered strong enough to help him during stage races, and ADR's financial troubles meant that LeMond had not been paid by his team in 1989 before the Tour started. Even the fee for late entry into the Tour was secured only when LeMond arranged additional sponsorship. With poor performances at both the inaugural Tour de Trump and the Giro d'Italia, LeMond's chances at the Tour de France looked slim.Tassell 2017 7–8 & 24–29 However, he had placed second in the final-stage individual time trial at the Giro, taking more than a minute out of eventual winner Fignon. This led to Super U's team manager Cyrille Guimard commenting to Fignon: "LeMond will be dangerous at the Tour."Moore 2014 324–326 Route and stages The route of the 1989 Tour was unveiled in October 1988. With a distance of 3,285 km mi on, it was the shortest edition of the Tour in more than eighty years.Tassell 2017 19 The race started on 1 July with a prologue individual time trial, followed by 21 stages. On the second day of the race, two stages were held: a plain road stage followed by a team time trial.76ème Tour de France 1989 76th Tour de France 1989 http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1989.php Mémoire du cyclisme 8 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190208142431/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1989.php 8 February 2019 fr live There was a transfer from Wasquehal to Dinard on a rest day between stages 4 and 5, and a second transfer between L'Isle-d'Abeau and Versailles after the finish of the penultimate stage. The second rest day was after the mountain time trial stage 15. The race lasted 23 days, including the two rest days, and ended on 23 July. The race started outside France, in Luxembourg, and passed through the Wallonia region of Belgium, before taking an anti-clockwise route through France, starting in the northwest in Brittany before visiting the Pyrenees and then the Alps. The race consisted of seven mountain stages, two in the Pyrenees and five in the Alps. The highest point of elevation in the race was the Col du Galibier at 2645 m ft on.Bacon 2014 188 In total there were five time trial events including the prologue. Pedro Delgado pointed to stage 17 up the Alpe d'Huez, one of the most prominent mountain-top finishes of the Tour, as the stage most likely to decide the outcome of the race.Tassell 2017 148 Unusually, the last of the time trials was held on the last stage of the race, finishing on the Champs-Élysées. This had been the idea of former race director Jean-François Naquet-Radiguet, who had taken over the position from Jacques Goddet and Félix Lévitan in May 1987. Naquet-Radiguet was unpopular in France and was replaced by Jean-Marie Leblanc before the 1989 route was announced, but the final-day time trial remained. It was the first time that the Tour ended with a time trial since 1968, when Jan Janssen overcame a 16-second deficit to Herman Van Springel to win the Tour by 38 seconds, the smallest margin up to 1989.Tassell 2017 17–19 + Stage characteristics and winnershttps://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010566995:mpeg21:p025 Tour de France nl Leeuwarder Courant 29 June 1989 25 Delpherhttps://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBNRC01:000031152:mpeg21:p009 Alleen champagne is populairder dan het spektakel Tour de France Only champagne is more popular than the Tour de France spectacle nl NRC Handelsblad 24 July 1989 9 Delpher Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner P 1 July Luxembourg City (Luxembourg) 7.8 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Erik Breukink NED 1 2 July Luxembourg City (Luxembourg) 135.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Acácio da Silva POR 2 Luxembourg City (Luxembourg) 46 km on link=Team time trial|20px|alt= Team time trial FRA SUG 1989 3 3 July Luxembourg City (Luxembourg) to Spa (Belgium) 241 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Raúl Alcalá MEX 4 4 July Liège (Belgium) to Wasquehal 255 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jelle Nijdam NED 5 July Dinard Rest day 5 6 July Dinard to Rennes 73 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Greg LeMond USA 6 7 July Rennes to Futuroscope 259 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Joël Pelier FRA 7 8 July Poitiers to Bordeaux 258.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Etienne De Wilde BEL 8 9 July Labastide-d'Armagnac to Pau 157 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Martin Earley IRE 9 10 July Pau to Cauterets 147 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Miguel Induráin ESP 10 11 July Cauterets to Superbagnères 136 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Robert Millar GBR 11 12 July Luchon to Blagnac 158.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Mathieu Hermans NED 12 13 July Toulouse to Montpellier 242 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Valerio Tebaldi ITA 13 14 July Montpellier to Marseille 179 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Vincent Barteau FRA 14 15 July Marseille to Gap 238 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Jelle Nijdam NED 15 16 July Gap to Orcières-Merlette 39 km on 20px|alt=|link= Mountain time trial Steven Rooks NED 17 July Orcières-Merlette Rest day 16 18 July Gap to Briançon 175 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Pascal Richard SUI 17 19 July Briançon to Alpe d'Huez 165 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Gert-Jan Theunisse NED 18 20 July Le Bourg-d'Oisans to Villard-de-Lans 91.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Laurent Fignon FRA 19 21 July Villard-de-Lans to Aix-les-Bains 125 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Greg LeMond USA 20 22 July Aix-les-Bains to L'Isle-d'Abeau 130 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Giovanni Fidanza ITA 21 23 July Versailles to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 24.5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Greg LeMond USA Total 3285 km 0 onAugendre 2018 112 Race overview 1989 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 10 1989 Tour de France, Stage 11 to Stage 21 Early stages thumb|Greg LeMond after stage 1 in Luxembourg City|alt=LeMond standing on the left of the picture in his racing jersey, being interviewed by a reporter The prologue time trial in Luxembourg City was won by Erik Breukink, with the second to fourth places taken by Laurent Fignon, Sean Kelly, and Greg LeMond, all six seconds slower.Tassell 2017 40 The dominant story of the day was Pedro Delgado. Having warmed up away from the crowd a few hundred yards from the start ramp, he missed his start time with his team unable to find him. He eventually left 2:40 minutes after his designated start, with what time he missed being added on. He eventually finished last on the stage, 2:54 minutes down on Breukink.Tassell 2017 31–40 Though he had conceded only a third of his winning margin from the previous year's Tour, and was therefore still not to be counted out,Tassell 2017 36–37 riders such as Fignon felt that "victory in the Tour was already a distant memory for him" at this stage.Fignon 2010 6 Delgado would lose even more time on the second day of the race. On the first stage, Acácio da Silva (CAR 1989 yes) won from a breakaway group to become the first Portuguese rider to wear the yellow jersey. Delgado attacked from the peloton (the main field) on the final steep climb before the finish, but he was brought back into the field.Tassell 2017 43–45 In the team time trial in the afternoon, Delgado fell further back as he struggled to keep up and his Reynolds team finished last on the stage. He was still in last place on the general classification, almost ten minutes behind the yellow jersey. The race lead was retained by da Silva, but the victory went to Fignon's Super U team. Fignon was now in third place, having taken 51 seconds out of LeMond, whose ADR squad finished fifth.Tassell 2017 46–53 The third stage, finishing at the racing circuit of Spa-Francorchamps, was won by Raúl Alcalá (PDM 1989 yes), who got the best of a five-man breakaway group up the climb to the line.Tassell 2017 60 Da Silva retained the jersey and would do so the next day as well. The fourth stage, which contained cobbled sections, was won by Jelle Nijdam (Superconfex–Yoko). He rode away from the peloton 1.5 km mi on before the finish and held on with three seconds in hand at the line.Tassell 2017 66Bingham Keith 1989 Tour de France stage four: Nijdam's late attack https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-stage-four-nijdams-late-attack-67585 Cycling Weekly 10 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181010104503/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-stage-four-nijdams-late-attack-67585 10 October 2018 13 July 2009 When you see a rider do a time trial like that over 73 kilometres, you know they are in good form. Everyone noticed. – Sean Kelly commenting on Greg LeMond's victory on stage 5.Tassell 2017 69 25% right In the stage 5 time trial, LeMond won both the time trial and the yellow jersey, taking the lead in the Tour by five seconds ahead of Fignon. Delgado placed second on the stage, 24 seconds behind, with Fignon in third a further 32 seconds behind. LeMond's victory was aided by the use of aerodynamic elbow-rest handlebars, formerly seen in triathlon events, which allowed him a more aerodynamic position on the bike. The 7-Eleven team had used them at the Tour de Trump earlier in the year and LeMond adopted their use for the two flat time trials in the Tour de France to great effect.Tassell 2017 72–80The normal time trial equipment of the period were so-called "bull horn" handlebars, which allowed for a slightly more aerodynamic position than on a usual racing bike. This was the configuration used by Fignon. Following the Tour, researchers at Texas A&M University determined that LeMond was able to reduce aerodynamic drag 15% more effectively than Fignon.Flattriges Schwänzchen Fluttering Tail http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13497251.html 6 February 2019 Der Spiegel 37/1989 11 September 1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20190206150326/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13497251.html 6 February 2019 de live Fignon and his team manager Cyrille Guimard felt that the tribars were not within the regulations, since they only allowed three support points for the rider on the bike. However, they did not issue a complaint, a fact lamented by Fignon in his 2010 autobiography.Fignon 2010 7To his dismay, Fignon was disqualified later in the season at the Grand Prix Eddy Merckx for using the same kind of equipment.Fignon 2010 21 LeMond's use of the equipment was not officially protested and aerodynamic "tribars" became ever-present in time trials from 1990 onward. It was only in the Lugano Charter, drawn up in October 1996 but not ratified until 2000, that the UCI introduced regulations on how competitive bikes were supposed to look, outlawing some of the more bizarre prototypes.Bending the (UCI) rules https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/bending-the-uci-rules-24159 Cycling Weekly 5 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190205133429/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/bending-the-uci-rules-24159 5 February 2019 17 October 2013 live Delgado rode a strong time trial, supported by favourable weather conditions as he competed in the dry, while later starters had to get through the rain. Kelly meanwhile lost more than five minutes to LeMond, after having to throw up about 20 km mi on into the stage.Bingham Keith 1989 Tour de France stage five: LeMond's resurrection https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-stage-five-lemonds-resurrection-67583 Cycling Weekly 25 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180725113450/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-stage-five-lemonds-resurrection-67583 25 July 2018 13 July 2009 Stage 6, the longest of the race, proved unremarkable to the main classifications, but produced a human interest story: French domestique Joël Pelier (BH) had never been watched in his professional career by his mother, who was dedicated to caring for Pelier's severely disabled sibling. Unbeknownst to Pelier, his parents were waiting for him at the finish line, with his brother in a residential home for the week. Pelier, spurred on by his team manager, attacked with 180 km mi on of the windy and wet stage remaining. He held an advantage of up to 25 minutes at one point, but suffered during the later part. Eventually, he won the stage one-and-a-half minutes ahead of the field and had a teary reunion with his parents. It was then the second-longest breakaway in Tour de France history after Albert Bourlon's in 1947, and has since been surpassed by Thierry Marie.Moore 2014 52–59 The next two stages were relatively uneventful. Stage 7 was won by Etienne De Wilde (Sigma 1989 yes) from a group of four riders who were slightly clear of the field.Tassell 2017 86 The next day, a four-man breakaway stayed clear of the peloton, with Martin Earley (PDM 1989 yes) taking victory. Fignon put in an attack during the stage, but was brought back.Tassell 2017 90 Pyrenees The race entered the high mountains for the first time on the next two stages, as the Tour visited the Pyrenees. On stage 9 from Pau to Cauterets, future five-time Tour winner Miguel Induráin (MOV 1989 yes) attacked on the bottom of the Col d'Aubisque and led the race for the rest of the day. He was followed by two riders of the BH team, Anselmo Fuerte and Javier Murguialday. At one point Induráin was more than six minutes ahead of the group containing the race favourites; he slowed during the final ascent at Cauterets, but held on to the stage win ahead of Fuerte by 27 seconds. Behind them, Mottet attacked from the peloton, with Delgado following and soon overtaking him. Delgado finished third on the stage and regained 27 seconds on Fignon and LeMond.Tassell 2017 98–102 It was on this stage that Fignon started to complain about LeMond riding too defensively for strategic reasons, accusing him of not putting any work into counterattacks. He later wrote in his autobiography: "All he did was sit tight and take advantage of the work I put in. To be honest, it was extremely frustrating."Fignon 2010 8 LeMond defended his tactics, claiming that as the leader it was not for him to push.Tassell 2017 102 Former race winner Stephen Roche hit his already injured knee on his handlebars on the descent of the Col de Marie-Blanque, reaching the finish under extreme pain many minutes behind the other favourites. He did not start the next stage.Tassell 2017 104–106 thumb|upright=1.3|Laurent Fignon (pictured winning stage 20 of the 1989 Giro d'Italia) captured the yellow jersey from Greg LeMond on stage 10|alt=Fignon, wearing a pink jersey, throwing his arms up in celebration as he crosses the line in front of other riders. The second Pyrenean stage ended at the ski resort of Superbagnères. Robert Millar and Mottet attacked on the approach to the climb of the Col du Tourmalet. Behind them, Fignon suffered a weak moment on the climb and allegedly held on to a photographer riding on a motorcycle, without the race directors handing out any punishment for the offence.The photographer in question, Graham Watson, said that he does not remember the episode.Tassell 2017 111–112 Fignon does not mention the incident in his autobiography, but claims that his competitors did not notice his moment of weakness.Fignon 2010 8 Contrariwise, both LeMond and Hampsten say that they noticed Fignon was suffering and both agree that he held on to the motorbike for about half a minute.Tassell 2017 111–112 Delgado attacked towards the end of the climb and reached Millar and Mottet after the descent of the Tourmalet.Tassell 2017 111–120 Together, they reached Superbagnères, where Delgado was provoked by an over-enthusiastic spectator and threw a bidon at him. Delgado then moved clear but was recaptured by Millar, who took the stage victory.Moore 2007 233 Mottet was third, 19 seconds down. Rooks and Gert-Jan Theunisse led the next group, containing Fignon, into the finish. Fignon attacked LeMond within the final kilometre of the stage, taking twelve seconds on the general classification and with it the yellow jersey. The order in the overall standings after these two mountain stages was Fignon ahead of LeMond by seven seconds, followed by Mottet a further 50 seconds behind. Delgado had moved up to fourth, now within three minutes of Fignon.Tassell 2017 111–120 Transition stages Stage 11 from Luchon to Blagnac had a flat profile. Rudy Dhaenens (PDM 1989 yes) attacked from a six-man breakaway just as it was caught by the peloton. With just a couple of hundred metres left and the stage win almost certainly in his hands, Dhaenens misjudged his speed going through a corner and crashed, allowing the rest of the field to pass him. Mathieu Hermans won the stage for the Paternina team in a sprint finish. During the course of the stage, the only remaining KEL 1989 yes riders abandoned, pre-race favourite Fabio Parra and José Hipolito Roncancio.Tassell 2017 121–125van den Akker 2018 41–42 Stage 12 was interrupted by an ecologists' protests against a new waste plant, which aided a breakaway by Valerio Tebaldi (Chateau d'Ax 1989 yes) and Giancarlo Perini (CAR 1989 yes). A crash in the peloton, impacting about 30 riders, further hindered the field. Tebaldi won the two-man sprint to take the stage 21 minutes ahead of the main field,Tassell 2017 126–130 the second highest post-World War II margin between a stage winner and rest of the field behind only José Viejo's 22:50 minutes on stage 11 of the 1976 Tour de France.Moore 2014 216–218 Stage 13 was held on the Bastille Day bicentenary, the 200th anniversary of the Storming of the Bastille during the French Revolution and France's main national holiday. The PDM team, on the insistence of their team director, attacked in the feed zone of the stage, thereby violating the unwritten rules of the field. They were brought back, but the acceleration split the peloton into two parts. Fignon attacked from the first group with Mottet. Both stayed out ahead for about an hour before being recaptured. Then, two other riders broke free, Vincent Barteau (SUG 1989 yes) and Jean-Claude Colotti (RMO 1989 yes). Barteau left Colotti behind on the hills around the finishing city of Marseille and went on to win the stage. Delgado was handed a ten-second time penalty for illegally accepting food outside the feed zone, while pre-race favourite Breukink retired from the race about 30 km mi on from the finish.Tassell 2017 132–137 The next stage saw a repeat of Nijdam's stage 4 exploits: he again broke free of the field shortly before the finish line and held off his pursuers to take victory. The day's breakaway, which included Luis Herrera (Café de Colombia), a pre-race contender who had so far disappointed, was caught within the last 1.5 km mi on of the stage.Tassell 2017 137–140 Alps The following five stages took the riders through the Alps. The first of these, stage 15, was an individual time trial to the ski station at Orcières-Merlette. Induráin set an early standard with a time of 1:11:25 hours, only to be outdone six minutes later by Rooks, who improved on Induráin's time by 43 seconds. Theunisse was fastest up the second of the two climbs of the course, gathering more points in the mountains classification to move clear of rival Millar. Of the true contenders for the overall victory, Delgado set the fastest times at all the check points, but slowed on the last climb to eventually finish the stage fourth, 48 seconds down on Rooks. He attributed his time loss to a worsening callus that would influence him for the remainder of the race. Behind Rooks, Marino Lejarreta (Paternina) was second fastest, moving into the top five overall. LeMond meanwhile took back the yellow jersey from Fignon, finishing fifth on the stage, just nine seconds slower than Delgado. His advantage over Fignon at this stage was 40 seconds.Tassell 2017 143–148 The day after the second rest day, on the stage from Gap to Briançon, the riders faced the climbs of the Col de Vars and the Col d'Izoard. On the first of these climbs, Fignon and Mottet dropped back from the group of favourites, while LeMond stayed close to Delgado. Fignon and Mottet got back to the group on the descent, only for Delgado to attack on the climb of the Izoard. He was joined by LeMond, Theunisse and Mottet, while Fignon fell back once again. LeMond attacked after the descent, but on the slightly rising road towards the finish, Delgado made contact again to finish within the same time. Fignon meanwhile lost 13 seconds on LeMond. The two were now separated by 53 seconds in the general classification, the widest the margin would be the entire Tour. Up ahead, Pascal Richard (HEL 1989 yes) won the stage from a breakaway.Tassell 2017 150–155 thumb|left|The final straight of Alpe d'Huez, which hosted the finish of stage 17|alt=Side view of an elevating street going through a mountain village Stage 17, which finished at Alpe d'Huez, one of the most famous climbs in cycling, was expected to be the decisive part of the race overall.Tassell 2017 158 Theunisse, wearing the polka-dot jersey as leader of the mountains classification, attacked on the first climb, the Col du Galibier. He was joined by two more riders, Franco Vona (Chateau d'Ax 1989 yes) and Laurent Biondi (Fagor–MBK) before the ascent of the Col de la Croix de Fer, but rode away from his breakaway companions before he reached the summit. At Le Bourg-d'Oisans, the village before the climb to Alpe d'Huez starts, he led the group of favourites by more than four minutes and held on to win the stage by over a minute.Tassell 2017 162–170 Behind him, the battle for the yellow jersey intensified. Fignon, LeMond and Delgado entered the climb together and Fignon instantly attacked at the first hairpin bend. LeMond stuck to his wheel, but Guimard, knowing LeMond well from their days together at the Renault team, saw that he was struggling. He drew his team car level with Fignon and ordered him to attack again with 4 km mi on to go to the finish line. LeMond fell back and only Delgado was able to keep up with Fignon. The two reached the finish together, 1:19 minutes ahead of LeMond. Fignon thus regained the yellow jersey, with an advantage of 26 seconds over LeMond.Moore 2014 328–329 The following stage to Villard-de-Lans featured a breakaway, including previous stage winners Millar and Richard. They were brought back once the race reached the Côte de Saint-Nizier climb, with only Herrera left ahead of the peloton. As the field made contact with Herrera, Fignon attacked. LeMond, Delgado and Theunisse followed him but unwillingness to work together allowed Fignon to extend his advantage. He passed the summit of the climb 15 seconds clear of his pursuers and in the valley behind, a group containing Alcalá and Kelly caught up to the three chasers. Fignon started the final 3 km mi on climb up to the finish with a margin of 45 seconds. He took the stage win, but his advantage was reduced to 24 seconds by the time LeMond crossed the line, meaning that the difference between the two was now 50 seconds in the overall standings.Tassell 2017 172–177 Stage 19 was the last one in the Alps and finished in Aix-les-Bains. Already by the second climb of the day, the Col de Porte, the top-four riders on the general classification, Fignon, LeMond, Delgado and Theunisse, joined by seventh-placed Lejarreta, had pulled clear. Behind, Mottet, sitting fifth overall, was struggling and would relinquish his position to Lejarreta by the end of the stage. On the race's last climb, the Col du Granier, LeMond attacked repeatedly, but Fignon followed him every time. Going into the town of Chambéry, site of the World Championships one month later, Lejarreta misjudged a roundabout and crashed, taking all riders with him but Delgado, who waited for the others to remount and join him. The five riders settled the stage win in a sprint finish, with LeMond taking the honours, although the difference between him and Fignon in the overall standings remained at 50 seconds.Tassell 2017 179–181 Finale With the final-stage time trial to Paris looming ahead, the field took a steady pace on stage 20 from Aix-les-Bains to L'Isle d'Abeau. Fignon put in a less-than-serious attack, but was quickly brought back. In the run-in to the finish, Phil Anderson (TVM 1989 yes) attacked, but was recaptured. Then, about 275 m yd on from the line, Nijdam attempted to go for a third stage win, but was beaten to the line by Giovanni Fidanza (Chateau d'Ax), with Kelly taking third.Tassell 2017 184–185 thumb|Greg LeMond during the final-stage individual time trial|alt=Side view of LeMond on his aerodynamic bicycle After stage 19, Fignon had developed saddle sores, which gave him pain and made it impossible to sleep the night before the time trial. He was however still confident that he would not lose his 50-second advantage on LeMond during the 24.5 km mi on from Versailles to the Champs-Élysées.Moore 2014 330 In the final-day time trial, LeMond again opted for the aerodynamic handlebars, a tear-drop helmet, and a rear disc wheel. Fignon meanwhile used two disc wheels, but ordinary handlebars and was bareheaded, his ponytail moving in the wind. When Fignon reached the half-distance time check, LeMond had taken 21 seconds out of his lead. LeMond finished with a time of 26:57 minutes, the fastest-ever time trial in the history of the Tour, at 54.545 kph mph on. As LeMond collapsed on the floor from exhaustion, Fignon made his way to the finish. He ended with a time of 27:55 minutes. With an average speed of 52.66 kph mph on, it was the fastest time trial he had ever ridden. Nevertheless, he finished third on the stage, 58 seconds down on LeMond, and therefore lost the race by the slight margin of eight seconds. A November 1989 Bicycling article, supported by wind-tunnel data, estimated that LeMond may have gained one minute on Fignon through the use of the new aerobars.McGann McGann 2008 191 2023, eight seconds is still the smallest winning margin in Tour de France history.Moore 2014 331–334 This was the final Tour de France stage win of LeMond's career.Greg LeMond Procyclingstats.com 18 October 2020 https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/greg-lemond live https://web.archive.org/web/20171123135521/http://www.procyclingstats.com:80/rider/greg-lemond 23 November 2017 Further down the classification, Millar lost ninth place to Kelly during the final-day time trial.Tassell 2017 191–192 Hermans became the second-ever stage winner to finish the Tour de France in last place, after Pietro Tarchini in 1947. He had already been the lanterne rouge in the 1987 Tour.Tassell 2017 195 Of the 198 starters, 138 reached the finish of the last stage in Paris.Bacon 2014 188 Margins between LeMond and Fignon Cycliste P 20px 1 20px 2 20px 3 20px 4 20px 5 20px 6 20px 7 20px 8 20px 9 20px 10 20px 11 20px 12 20px 13 20px 14 20px 15 20px 16 20px 17 20px 18 20px 19 20px 20 20px 21 20px Greg LeMond +0.44" 0 +51" +51" +51"20px +7" +7" +7" +7" +7" +26"+50" 20px +50" +50" 20px Laurent Fignon 0 20px +5" +5" +5" +5" +5"+40"+53"20px 20px20px20px+8" 20px Aftermath Can you believe he's looked at as a failure, rather than the winner that he actually is? – Greg LeMond speaking about Laurent Fignon and reactions to his defeat in the 1989 Tour.Tassell 2017 224 25% right LeMond's unexpected Tour victory resulted in significant media attention, with sports writer Nige Tassell describing it in 2017 as "now the biggest sports story of them all".Tassell 2017 208 Not only had LeMond overcome a significant time deficit, he had also won the Tour after coming back from a near-fatal hunting accident.Tassell 2017 208 Owing to its small margin of victory and exciting racing, the 1989 Tour has repeatedly been named as one of the best editions of all time. In 2009, journalist Keith Bingham called it "the greatest Tour of them all",Bingham Keith The greatest Tour of them all https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/the-greatest-tour-of-them-all-64109 Cycling Weekly 6 October 2018 22 December 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20181006234940/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/the-greatest-tour-of-them-all-64109 6 October 2018 live while Cyclingnews.com in 2013 described it as "arguably the best [Tour] there's ever been".Bacon Ellis 10 memorable moments from the Tour de France http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/10-memorable-moments-from-the-tour-de-france/ Cyclingnews.com 6 October 2018 25 June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20181006220333/http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/10-memorable-moments-from-the-tour-de-france/ 6 October 2018 live American media, traditionally not overly interested in cycling,Davies 2016 441 made his victory headline news and TV broadcasters interrupted their regular programming to break the news.Bingham Keith 1989 Tour de France: Final results https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-final-results-67540 Cycling Weekly 25 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180725095853/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-final-results-67540 25 July 2018 13 July 2009 Sports Illustrated, who named LeMond their Sportsperson of the Year, called it a "heroic comeback". A month after the Tour, LeMond also won the Road World Championship race in Chambéry, with Fignon coming in sixth.Abt Samuel Samuel Abt LeMond captures world title https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/28/sports/lemond-captures-world-title.html The New York Times 24 July 2018 28 August 1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20180724183724/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/28/sports/lemond-captures-world-title.html 24 July 2018 live Owing to LeMond's overall victory, ADR received the largest share of the prize money, at £185,700, followed by £129,000 for PDM and £112,700 for Super U. However, ADR became the lowest-ranked team in the history of the Tour up to that point to include the overall winner, placing 17th in the team classification. Apart from LeMond, only three other ADR riders finished the race, all more than two hours behind him.van den Akker 2018 149 Still not having been paid by ADR,Moore 2014 336 LeMond signed a three-year contract worth $5.5 million with C.A 1990 yes for the 1990 season, the then-richest contract in the sport's history.https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-24-sp-2094-story.html Los Angeles Times Associated Press Minneapolis, Minnesota LeMond is honored as Sportsman of Year 26 March 2019 24 December 1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20140408230732/http://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-24/sports/sp-2094_1_greg-lemond 8 April 2014 live dmy-all He would go on to win a third Tour the following year, before finishing seventh in 1991 and retiring in 1994.Moore 2014 336 Fignon on the other hand struggled with the disappointment of losing the Tour by such a small margin and the ridicule directed at him because of it. He continued his career, without much success, never coming close to winning the Tour again.Cyclist Laurent Fignon dies at 50 http://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/news/story?id=5515283 ESPN 25 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180725113658/http://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/news/story?id=5515283 25 July 2018 31 August 2010 A sixth-place finish in 1991 was followed by 23rd overall the following year.Westemeyer Susan Laurent Fignon remembered http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/laurent-fignon-remembered/ Cyclingnews.com 17 October 2018 31 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20181018014605/http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/laurent-fignon-remembered/ 18 October 2018 live He retired in 1993,Wheatcroft 2013 268 having won his last Tour stage in 1992.Almond Elliott Tour de France: Fignon wins stage in mountains; Lino still leads https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-07-16-sp-3548-story.html Los Angeles Times 17 October 2018 16 July 1992 https://web.archive.org/web/20100310041703/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-07-16/sports/sp-3548_1_laurent-fignon 10 March 2010 live Classification leadership and minor prizes thumb|The Souvenir Henri Desgrange prize was awarded to the first rider to pass the monument to Henri Desgrange close to the summit of the Col du Galibier.|alt=Upright cylindrical monument with an inscription inside the outline of France There were several classifications in the 1989 Tour de France. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Wynn Nigel Tour de France jerseys: Yellow, green, white and polka-dot explained https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/tour-de-france/tour-de-france-the-jerseys-59552 Cycling Weekly 26 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180726124520/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/tour-de-france/tour-de-france-the-jerseys-59552 26 July 2018 3 July 2018 Just as in the three previous editions of the Tour, no time bonuses (time subtracted) were awarded at the finish of each stage.van den Akker 2018 128 However, during the first half of the race, the first three riders crossing an intermediate sprint were given 6, 4, and 2 bonus seconds respectively.van den Akker 2018 183 Greg LeMond won the general classification. Laurent Fignon spent the most stages as leader with nine ahead of LeMond's eight. During the race, the leader changed seven times. The only other two riders to lead the general classification in 1989 were Erik Breukink for one day after the prologue and then Acácio da Silva for the four days subsequent to Breukink. Pedro Delgado wore the yellow jersey on the prologue as the winner of the previous edition.Tassell 2017 31 Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and was identified with a green jersey. High finishes on flat stages awarded more points, 45 for the winner down to 1 point for 25th place. In mountain stages and time trials, 15 points were given to the winner down to 1 point for 15th.van den Akker 2018 154 The first three riders across intermediate sprints received points; 4, 2, and 1 respectively.van den Akker 2018 182 Sean Kelly won this classification for a record fourth time, a record since broken by both Erik Zabel and Peter Sagan.Tassell 2017 12Henrys Colin Tour de France 2016: green jersey contenders https://roadcyclinguk.com/racing/previews/tour-de-france-2016-green-jersey-contenders.html RoadCyclingUK.com 7 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190214214054/https://roadcyclinguk.com/racing/previews/tour-de-france-2016-green-jersey-contenders.html 14 February 2019 29 June 2016 live There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie (beyond categorization), first, second, third, or fourth-category, with the lower-numbered categories representing harder climbs. Points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs.https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010857251:mpeg21:p047 Tour de France nl de Volkskrant 1 July 1989 47 Delpher Mountains ranked hors catégorie gave 40 points for the first rider across with the subsequent categories giving 30, 20, 7, and 4 points to the first at the summit respectively.van den Akker 2018 163 The cyclist with the most points led the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots. Gert-Jan Theunisse won the mountain's jersey with a lead of over 100 points.Augendre 2018 80 For the last time, there was a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications (except young rider), with the leader of each classification receiving 25 points down to one point for 25th place.van den Akker 2018 187 The leader wore the combination jersey.Mallon Heijmans 2011 200 Steven Rooks won this classification, defending his title from the previous year's Tour.van den Akker 2018 188 Also for the last time, the intermediate sprints classification was calculated. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but points were only awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.Mallon Heijmans 2011 200 During the first half of the race, 6, 4, and 2 points were awarded, in the second half the number was increased to 15, 10, and 5 points respectively.van den Akker 2018 181 Kelly won the jersey for a third time in his career, which made him the record winner in this classification.van den Akker 2018 185 The sixth individual classification was the young rider classification, which was decided in the same way as the general classification, but was limited to riders under 25 years old. In 1989, for the first time since 1975, the leading rider in this classification did not wear the white jersey that had previously been used to identify the classification leader. The white jersey would be reintroduced in 2000.Mallon Heijmans 2011 230 While no jersey was given to the leader, he was still marked by wearing the logo of the European Union on his shoulder. This was the only edition of the race in which this badge was used.van den Akker 2018 177 The Café de Colombia team forgot to register their rider Alberto Camargo for the classification even though he would have been eligible. Had he been entered, he would have been the winner, as he finished the race in 20th place.van den Akker 2018 174 Instead, the classification was won by Fabrice Philipot (LVC 1989 yes), who had placed 24th overall.Augendre 2018 80 For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification wore yellow caps.Mallon Heijmans 2011 200 The team points classification was abolished ahead of the 1989 Tour. However, the combined points from the points classification would be used as a tiebreaker if two teams were to be tied on time.van den Akker 2018 189 The team classification was won by PDM 1989 yes.Augendre 2018 80 In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.van den Akker 2018 211–216 Fignon won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.Augendre 2018 80 Commemorating the bicentennial anniversary of the French Revolution, a cash prize of 17,890 francs was given out to the first rider passing the 1,789th kilometre of the race at Martres-Tolosane, on stage 11 between Luchon and Blagnac.Wheatcroft 2013 266 The prize was taken by Jos Haex (Hitachi 1989c yes).Bingham Keith 1989 Tour de France stage 11: Hermans takes sprint https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-stage-11-hermans-takes-sprint-67568 Cycling Weekly 26 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180726141040/https://www.cyclingweekly.com/archive/1989-tour-de-france-stage-11-hermans-takes-sprint-67568 26 July 2018 13 July 2009 The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Galibier on stage 17. This prize was won by Laurent Biondi (Fagor2 1989 yes).Etappe-kroniek https://krantenbankzeeland.nl/issue/pzc/1989-07-20/edition/0/page/15 Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau 20 July 1989 15 nl Stage chronicle There was also a Souvenir in honour of five-time Tour winner Jacques Anquetil, who had died two years before, given to the rider who wore the yellow jersey for the most days. This award was won by Fignon, who held the jersey for nine days.van den Akker 2018 201 +Classification leadership by stageMartin 1989 122–123van den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1989 Information about the Tour de France from 1989 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1989 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051134/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1989 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 Stage Winner General classification25px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. Points classification25px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey Mountains classification25px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Combination classification25px|alt=|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France Intermediate sprints classification25px|alt=|link=Intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France Young rider classificationThe white jersey was not awarded between 1989 and 1999.Mallon Heijmans 2011 230 Team classification Combativity classification P Erik Breukink Erik Breukink Erik Breukink Mauro Gianetti Charly Mottet no award Peter Stevenhaagen SUG 1989 no award 1 Acácio da Silva Acácio da Silva Acácio da Silva1 1 Acácio da Silva2 2 Acácio da Silva Søren Lilholt Søren Lilholt CAR 1989 Søren Lilholt 2 SUG 1989 SUG 1989 3 Raúl Alcalá Thierry Claveyrolat3 3 John Talen Raúl Alcalá 4 Jelle Nijdam Søren Lilholt Søren Lilholt 5 Greg LeMond Greg LeMond Acácio da Silva Gérard Rué 6 Joël Pelier 7 Etienne De Wilde Sean Kelly 8 Martin Earley 9 Miguel Induráin Miguel Induráin Sean Kelly 10 Robert Millar Laurent Fignon Gert-Jan Theunisse Søren Lilholt Fabrice Philipot PDM 1989 11 Mathieu Hermans Sean Kelly 12 Valerio Tebaldi MOV 1989 13 Vincent Barteau Charly Mottet 14 Jelle Nijdam 15 Steven Rooks Greg LeMond 16 Pascal Richard 17 Gert-Jan Theunisse Laurent Fignon Steven Rooks 18 Laurent Fignon Laurent Fignon PDM 1989 19 Greg LeMond Steven Rooks Laurent Fignon 20 Giovanni Fidanza 21 Greg LeMond Greg LeMond Final Greg LeMond Sean Kelly white Gert-Jan Theunisse yes Steven Rooks white Sean Kelly Sean Kelly (cyclist) Fabrice Philipot PDM 1989 Laurent Fignon 1 1 – On stages 2 and 3, da Silva and Søren Lilholt (Sigma 1989 yes) were tied on points in the points classification. As da Silva had won a stage, he was considered the leader of that classification, since the number of stage wins served as a tie-breaker. However, he was also leading the general classification, thus wearing the yellow jersey. As Lilholt was leading the intermediate sprint classification, he was wearing the red jersey, while the green points jersey was worn by third-placed Sean Kelly.van den Akker 2018 156 2 2 – As da Silva was wearing the yellow jersey and Lilholt, second in the mountains classification, was wearing the red jersey, third placed Roland Le Clerc (Artiach 1989b yes) wore the polka-dot jersey during stages 2 and 3. 3 3 – Thierry Claveyrolat (RMO 1989 yes) left the race on stage 9, thus relinquishing the lead to Induráin.van den Akker 2018 170 Final standings Legend 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains classification 20px|link=Combination classification in the Tour de France|alt=A multi-coloured jersey. Denotes the winner of the combination classification 20px|link=Intermediate sprints classification in the Tour de France|alt=A red jersey. Denotes the winner of the intermediate sprints classification General classification + Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1989 – Stage 21 Versailles > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1989/2100/etape.html 21 March 2019 Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20190321200156/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1989/2100/etape.html 21 March 2019 live Rank Rider Team Time 1 Greg LeMond USA 20px|alt=|link= AD Renting 1989 87h 38' 35" 2 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 + 0' 08" 3 Pedro Delgado ESP MOV 1989 + 3' 34" 4 Gert-Jan Theunisse NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 + 7' 30" 5 Marino Lejarreta ESP Artiach 1989b + 9' 39" 6 Charly Mottet FRA RMO 1989 + 10' 06" 7 Steven Rooks NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 + 11' 10" 8 Raúl Alcalá MEX PDM 1989 + 14' 21" 9 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|alt=|link= 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 + 18' 25" 10 Robert Millar GBR C.A 1989 + 18' 46" Final general classification (11–138) Rank Rider Team Time 11 Gianni Bugno ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 + 24' 12" 12 Éric Caritoux FRA RMO 1989 + 28' 14" 13 Pascal Simon FRA SUG 1989 + 28' 28" 14 Bruno Cornillet FRA C.A 1989 + 28' 31" 15 Steve Bauer CAN HEL 1989 + 31' 16" 16 Álvaro Pino ESP BH 1989 + 31' 17" 17 Miguel Induráin ESP MOV 1989 + 31' 21" 18 Jérôme Simon FRA C.A 1989 + 34' 10" 19 Luis Herrera COL CAF 1989 + 36' 15" 20 Alberto Camargo COL CAF 1989 + 37' 13" 21 Beat Breu SUI Weinmann 1989 + 38' 35" 22 Andrew Hampsten USA MOT 1989 + 41' 41" 23 Pascal Richard SUI HEL 1989 + 42' 07" 24 Fabrice Philipot FRA LVC 1989 + 44' 43" 25 William Palacio COL MOV 1989 + 45' 42" 26 Anselmo Fuerte ESP BH 1989 + 48' 39" 27 Luc Roosen BEL Sigma 1989 + 51' 28" 28 Abelardo Rondón COL MOV 1989 + 53' 17" 29 Jörg Müller SUI PDM 1989 + 55' 00" 30 Dominique Arnaud FRA MOV 1989 + 55' 23" 31 Laurent Biondi FRA Fagor2 1989 + 1h 00' 41" 32 Martial Gayant FRA LVC 1989 + 1h 02' 33" 33 Jesús Rodríguez Magro ESP MOV 1989 + 1h 02' 41" 34 Marc Madiot FRA LVC 1989 + 1h 02' 46" 35 Gérard Rué FRA SUG 1989 + 1h 03' 33" 36 Claude Criquielion BEL Hitachi 1989c + 1h 04' 07" 37 Frédéric Vichot FRA HEL 1989 + 1h 09' 25" 38 Phil Anderson AUS TVM 1989 + 1h 11' 38" 39 Maarten Ducrot NED Weinmann 1989 + 1h 14' 47" 40 Primož Čerin YUG CAR 1989 + 1h 16' 36" 41 Jesper Skibby DEN TVM 1989 + 1h 18' 00" 42 Helmut Wechselberger AUT Artiach 1989b + 1h 21' 11" 43 Laurent Bezault FRA LVC 1989 + 1h 22' 09" 44 Martin Earley IRE PDM 1989 + 1h 26' 45" 45 Sean Yates GBR MOT 1989 + 1h 27' 04" 46 Atle Kvålsvoll NOR C.A 1989 + 1h 27' 08" 47 Yvon Madiot FRA LVC 1989 + 1h 27' 30" 48 Javier Murguialday ESP BH 1989 + 1h 27' 37" 49 Samuel Cabrera COL CAF 1989 + 1h 27' 57" 50 Peter Stevenhaagen NED HEL 1989 + 1h 28' 18" 51 Patrick Robeet BEL Weinmann 1989 + 1h 28' 47" 52 Dominique Garde FRA SUG 1989 + 1h 28' 53" 53 John Carlsen DEN Fagor2 1989 + 1h 30' 05" 54 Gilles Sanders FRA RMO 1989 + 1h 31' 31" 55 Guy Nulens BEL PSC 1989 + 1h 33' 29" 56 Luis Javier Lukin ESP MOV 1989 + 1h 33' 53" 57 Franck Pineau FRA RMO 1989 + 1h 33' 59" 58 Ronan Pensec FRA C.A 1989 + 1h 35' 02" 59 Philippe Louviot FRA C.A 1989 + 1h 36' 19" 60 Gerhard Zadrobilek AUT MOT 1989 + 1h 37' 24" 61 Marc Sergeant BEL Hitachi 1989c + 1h 38' 41" 62 Julián Gorospe ESP MOV 1989 + 1h 39' 31" 63 Ludo Peeters BEL Artiach 1989b + 1h 39' 58" 64 Christophe Lavainne FRA SUG 1989 + 1h 40' 15" 65 Vincent Lavenu FRA Fagor2 1989 + 1h 41' 46" 66 Dirk De Wolf BEL Hitachi 1989c + 1h 41' 50" 67 Jean-Claude Colotti FRA RMO 1989 + 1h 42' 28" 68 Jean-Claude Leclercq FRA HEL 1989 + 1h 43' 26" 69 Michael Wilson AUS HEL 1989 + 1h 44' 05" 70 Michel Vermote BEL RMO 1989 + 1h 46' 05" 71 Pascal Poisson FRA LVC 1989 + 1h 47' 52" 72 Thierry Marie FRA SUG 1989 + 1h 48' 22" 73 Ron Kiefel USA MOT 1989 + 1h 48' 38" 74 Jure Pavlič YUG CAR 1989 + 1h 49' 08" 75 Robert Forest FRA Fagor2 1989 + 1h 49' 39" 76 Julio César Cadena COL CAF 1989 + 1h 49' 57" 77 Jean-Philippe Vandenbrande BEL TVM 1989 + 1h 50' 24" 78 Jokin Mújika ESP Artiach 1989b + 1h 50' 56" 79 Christian Chaubet FRA Fagor2 1989 + 1h 52' 18" 80 Alfred Achermann SUI Weinmann 1989 + 1h 53' 02" 81 Claudio Chiappucci ITA CAR 1989 + 1h 53' 04" 82 Bernard Richard FRA CAF 1989 + 1h 53' 14" 83 Stephen Hodge AUS Artiach 1989b + 1h 53' 35" 84 Acácio da Silva POR CAR 1989 + 1h 54' 16" 85 Per Pedersen DEN RMO 1989 + 1h 54' 42" 86 Jeff Pierce USA MOT 1989 + 1h 54' 58" 87 Marc van Orsouw NED PDM 1989 + 1h 55' 48" 88 Jesper Worre DEN CAF 1989 + 1h 57' 23" 89 François Lemarchand FRA C.A 1989 + 1h 58' 50" 90 Philippe Leleu FRA LVC 1989 + 2h 00' 46" 91 René Martens BEL AD Renting 1989 + 2h 01' 20" 92 Melcior Mauri ESP MOV 1989 + 2h 01' 22" 93 Philippe Casado FRA C.A 1989 + 2h 01' 43" 94 Camillo Passera ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 + 2h 03' 10" 95 Bjarne Riis DEN SUG 1989 + 2h 03' 37" 96 Andreas Kappes FRG LVC 1989 + 2h 03' 56" 97 Vincent Barteau FRA SUG 1989 + 2h 07' 18" 98 Rik Van Slycke BEL Sigma 1989 + 2h 07' 29" 99 Patrick Tolhoek NED RAB 1989 + 2h 08' 06" 100 Thomas Wegmüller SUI Weinmann 1989 + 2h 09' 58" 101 Etienne De Wilde BEL Sigma 1989 + 2h 10' 29" 102 Giancarlo Perini ITA CAR 1989 + 2h 12' 09" 103 Frans Maassen NED RAB 1989 + 2h 12' 27" 104 Henri Manders NED HEL 1989 + 2h 13' 35" 105 Wilfried Peeters BEL Sigma 1989 + 2h 13' 38" 106 Johan Museeuw BEL AD Renting 1989 + 2h 13' 51" 107 Gerrit Solleveld NED RAB 1989 + 2h 16' 56" 108 Michel Dernies BEL Weinmann 1989 + 2h 17' 36" 109 Brian Holm DEN Sigma 1989 + 2h 18' 57" 110 Edwig Van Hooydonck BEL RAB 1989 + 2h 19' 05" 111 Francisco Antequera ESP BH 1989 + 2h 20' 29" 112 Jan Goessens BEL Weinmann 1989 + 2h 22' 42" 113 Hendrik Devos BEL Hitachi 1989c + 2h 22' 48" 114 Twan Poels NED RAB 1989 + 2h 23' 45" 115 Mauro Gianetti SUI HEL 1989 + 2h 24' 56" 116 Roland Le Clerc FRA Artiach 1989b + 2h 25' 15" 117 Erich Maechler SUI CAR 1989 + 2h 26' 57" 118 Christian Jourdan FRA RMO 1989 + 2h 27' 15" 119 Henk Lubberding NED PSC 1989 + 2h 27' 27" 120 Jan Siemons NED TVM 1989 + 2h 28' 00" 121 Jelle Nijdam NED RAB 1989 + 2h 28' 29" 122 Valerio Tebaldi ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 + 2h 31' 09" 123 Johan Lammerts NED AD Renting 1989 + 2h 31' 13" 124 Teun van Vliet NED PSC 1989 + 2h 31' 22" 125 Theo de Rooij NED PSC 1989 + 2h 32' 32" 126 Ennio Vanotti ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 + 2h 33' 17" 127 Giovanni Fidanza ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 + 2h 33' 37" 128 Joël Pelier FRA BH 1989 + 2h 33' 48" 129 Jacques Hanegraaf NED TVM 1989 + 2h 34' 43" 130 Johannes Draaijer NED PDM 1989 + 2h 35' 02" 131 Juan Jusdado ESP BH 1989 + 2h 35' 49" 132 Eddy Schurer NED TVM 1989 + 2h 36' 30" 133 Jean-Marie Wampers BEL PSC 1989 + 2h 38' 59" 134 Walter Magnago ITA CAR 1989 + 2h 40' 16" 135 René Beuker NED Artiach 1989b + 2h 40' 49" 136 Gert Jakobs NED RAB 1989 + 2h 54' 16" 137 Carlo Bomans BEL Weinmann 1989 + 3h 01' 01" 138 Mathieu Hermans NED Artiach 1989b + 3h 04' 01" Points classification +Final points classification (1–10)Uitslagen Results https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010846195:mpeg21:p014 Het Parool 24 July 1989 14 nl Delpher Rank Rider Team Points 1 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|alt=|link= 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 277 2 Etienne De Wilde BEL Sigma 1989 194 3 Steven Rooks NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 163 4 Giovanni Fidanza ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 149 5 Gert-Jan Theunisse NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 133 6 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 132 7 Greg LeMond USA 20px|alt=|link= AD Renting 1989 130 8 Steve Bauer CAN HEL 1989 122 9 Phil Anderson AUS TVM 1989 101 10 Pedro Delgado ESP MOV 1989 95 Mountains classification +Final mountains classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Gert-Jan Theunisse NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 441 2 Pedro Delgado ESP MOV 1989 311 3 Steven Rooks NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 257 4 Robert Millar GBR C.A 1989 241 5 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 219 6 Greg LeMond USA 20px|alt=|link= AD Renting 1989 197 7 Marino Lejarreta ESP Artiach 1989b 164 8 Miguel Induráin ESP MOV 1989 132 9 Charly Mottet FRA RMO 1989 128 10 Luis Herrera COL CAF 1989 116 Combination classification +Final combination classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Steven Rooks NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 89 2 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 84 3 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|alt=|link= 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 82 4 Gert-Jan Theunisse NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 68 5 Greg LeMond USA 20px|alt=|link= AD Renting 1989 66 6 Pedro Delgado ESP MOV 1989 63 7 Charly Mottet FRA RMO 1989 54 8 Miguel Induráin ESP MOV 1989 50 9 Valerio Tebaldi ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 26 10 Bruno Cornillet FRA C.A 1989 24 Intermediate sprints classification +Final intermediate sprints classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Sean Kelly IRE 20px|alt=|link= 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 131 2 Steven Rooks NED 20px|alt=|link= PDM 1989 80 3 Valerio Tebaldi ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 80 4 Eddy Schurer NED TVM 1989 47 5 Dominique Arnaud FRA MOV 1989 45 6 Thomas Wegmüller SUI Weinmann 1989 31 7 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 30 8 Giancarlo Perini ITA CAR 1989 30 9 Gerrit Solleveld NED RAB 1989 28 10 Michel Vermote BEL RMO 1989 25 Young rider classification +Final young rider classification (1–10) Rank Rider Team Time 1 Fabrice Philipot FRA LVC 1989 88h 23' 18" 2 William Palacio COL MOV 1989 + 0' 59" 3 Gérard Rué FRA SUG 1989 + 18' 50" 4 Laurent Bezault FRA LVC 1989 + 37' 26" 5 Peter Stevenhaagen NED HEL 1989 + 43' 35" 6 Melcior Mauri ESP MOV 1989 + 1h 16' 39" 7 Camillo Passera ITA Chateau d'Ax 1989 + 1h 18' 27" 8 Andreas Kappes FRG LVC 1989 + 1h 19' 13" 9 Patrick Tolhoek NED RAB 1989 + 1h 23' 23" 10 Frans Maassen NED RAB 1989 + 1h 27' 44" Team classification +Final team classification (1–10) Rank Team Time1 PDM 1989 263h 19' 48" 2 MOV 1989 + 1' 19" 3 C.A 1989 + 44' 22" 4 SUG 1989 + 51' 26" 5 RMO 1989 + 1h 12' 19" 6 HEL 1989 + 1h 15' 26" 7 LVC 1989 + 1h 41' 04" 8 CAF 1989 + 1h 48' 06" 9 BH 1989 + 1h 51' 09" 10 Artiach 1989b + 2h 05' 12" Combativity classification +Final combativity classification (1–5)Martin 1989 125 Rank Rider Team Points 1 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 25 2 Charly Mottet FRA RMO 1989 16 3 Pascal Richard SUI HEL 1989 14 4 Thomas Wegmüller SUI Weinmann 1989 12 5 Frans Maassen NED RAB 1989 11 FICP ranking Riders in the Tour competed individually for points that contributed towards the FICP individual ranking.Fignon 2010 203 At the end of the Tour, Laurent Fignon replaced Charly Mottet as the leader of the ranking.https://www.delpher.nl/nl/kranten/view?coll=ddd&identifier=ddd:011018542:mpeg21:a0582 Hogere premies voor sprinters Higher premiums for sprinters nl Dagblad van het Noorden 1 July 1989 25 Delpherhttps://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010642948:mpeg21:p007 Fignon eerste op FICP-lijst Fignon first on FICP list nl Amigoe 27 July 1989 7 Delpher + FICP individual rankings on 27 July 1989 (1–10) Rank Prev. Previous rank Rider Team Points 1 3 Laurent Fignon FRA SUG 1989 935.08 2 1 Charly Mottet FRA RMO 1989 934.77 3 2 Sean Kelly IRE PDM 1989 816.17 4 4 Pedro Delgado ESP MOV 1989 604.91 5 5 Steven Rooks NED PDM 1989 561.82 6 8 Maurizio Fondriest ITA DEL 1989 533.23 7 11 Marino Lejarreta ESP Artiach 1989b 520.74 8 7 Rolf Gölz FRG RAB 1989 516.55 9 6 Claude Criquielion BEL Hitachi 1989c 483.65 10 9 Adri van der Poel NED Weinmann 1989 454.61 Doping In total, 87 doping tests were performed during the 1989 Tour de France; all of them were negative.https://krantenbankzeeland.nl/issue/pzc/1989-07-25/edition/0/page/13 Alle dopingcontroles in de Tour negatief All doping tests in the Tour negative nl 13 Krantenbank Zeeland Provinciale Zeeuwse Courant 25 July 1989 The tests were carried out by the Union Cycliste Internationale medical inspector, Gerry McDaid. Notes References Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cycling_tdf/2018-historical-guide.pdf Le Tour de France: Guide historique Historical guide 2018 fr 26 July 2018 Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20180726131935/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cycling_tdf/2018-historical-guide.pdf 26 July 2018 live Bacon Ellis Mapping Le Tour. Updated History and Route Map of Every Tour de France Race https://books.google.com/books?id=628rngEACAAJ 2014 HarperCollins Glasgow, UK 978-0-00-754399-1 Davies Richard O. Sports in American Life: A History https://books.google.com/books?id=PJ5GDwAAQBAJ 2016 Wiley Hoboken, New Jersey 978-1-118-91237-9 Fignon Laurent Laurent Fignon We Were Young and Carefree https://books.google.com/books?id=3VC89FApLzcC 2010 Yellow Jersey Press London 978-0-22408-319-5 Mallon Bill Heijmans Jeroen Historical Dictionary of Cycling https://books.google.com/books?id=nrdfuueq2CcC 2011 Scarecrow Press Lanham, Maryland 978-0-8108-7369-8 Martin Pierre With contributions from: Penazzo, Sergio; Baratino, Dante; Schamps, Daniel; Vos, Cor Tour 89: The 1989 Tour of Italy and Tour de France Kennedy Brothers Publishing Keighley, UK 1989 810684546 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007 https://books.google.com/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 978-1-59858-608-4 2008 Moore Richard Richard Moore (journalist) In Search of Robert Millar https://books.google.com/books?id=Lsn30dFLjfwC 2007 HarperCollins London 978-0-00-723502-5 Moore Richard Richard Moore (journalist) Étape: The Untold Stories of the Tour de France's Defining Stages https://books.google.com/books?id=nPLJAgAAQBAJ 2014 HarperCollins London 978-0-00-750010-9 Tassell Nige Three Weeks, Eight Seconds: The Epic Tour de France of 1989 https://books.google.com/books?id=q6PRDgAAQBAJ 2017 Birlinn Edinburgh, UK 978-0-85790-344-0 van den Akker Pieter Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018 https://books.google.com/books?id=09sxwQEACAAJ 2018 Self-published 978-1-79398-080-9 Van Reeth Daam Larson Daniel J. The Economics of Professional Road Cycling 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York City https://books.google.com/books?id=2wakCgAAQBAJ 978-3-319-22311-7 Wheatcroft Geoffrey Geoffrey Wheatcroft Le Tour: A History of the Tour de France https://books.google.com/books?id=CjAub7mpChgC 2013 Simon & Schuster London 978-1-4711-2894-3 Further reading Abt Samuel Samuel Abt LeMond: The Incredible Comeback of an American Hero https://books.google.com/books?id=PMg_PQAACAAJ 1990 Random House New York City 978-0-394-58476-8 Chevrolet Herman Acht seconden: de Tour van '89 Eight seconds: The Tour of '89 https://books.google.com/books?id=mT94AAAAQBAJ 2011 Singel Uitgeverijen Amsterdam nl 978-90-295-7751-9 de Visé Daniel The Comeback: Greg LeMond, the True King of American Cycling, and a Legendary Tour de France https://books.google.com/books?id=nfg-DwAAQBAJ 2018 Grove Atlantic New York City 978-0-8021-6579-4 Liggett Phil Phil Liggett Tour de France 1989 1989 Harrap Books and Channel 4 London 978-0-245-54826-0 External links 1989 Tour de France P 10 11 21 1989 Category:1989 in road cycling Category:1989 in French sport Category:July 1989 sports events in Europe